Filter Design Tender

Design Brief
A client requires the design of two filters that can be connected to the output of a transistor
amplifier. These designs should meet the specifications detailed below in Table E3-1 and
Table E3-2. An illustration of the desired response is given in Figure E3-1.
Passive high-pass filter specification
Cut Off Frequency (f
C
)
Designer to select an integer value in range 1
- 4kHz
Deviation in A
V
allowed below the Cut-Off
frequency
3dB
Table E3-1 - Table of specifications for the 1st filter.
Passive low-pass filter specification
Cut Off Frequency (f
C
)
Designer to select an integer value in range 4 -
10 kHz
Deviation in A
V
allowed below the Cut-Off
frequency
3dB
-30dB Frequency 7.5 * f
C

Should an inductor be required for your design, then the following data should be used:

Inductance 100mH 1.5mH

DC resistance ! 30 "

Self-Q values: Freq (kHz) Q
L



0.1 2


1 10


10 60


20 60


30 50

Table E3-2 - Table of specifications for the 2nd filter.

As part of this design brief, designers should plan their lab based implementation and
simulation time; this would be billed to the client and must represent good value. Consider
using Gantt charts or other resource management tools, based on your plan for a 2-person
team.

Figure E3-1 - Schematic diagram of the required response of the low pass filter. The
specification envelope is illustrated by the blue blocks, with an example of a filter response
that is compliant with the design brief
To submit your tender, you need a working prototype on veroboard of your final designs.
But your costing should be based on a PCB implementation. During the lab time you should
first build your circuits on bread board to verify your design works and meets the
specification. When you are happy that your circuit is correct then you can build both of your
circuits on the same piece of veroboard that you used for your amplifier in design tender E1
(they are small circuits so shouldn't take up much space). You may wish to include some
means of driving the filters from the amplifier that you constructed previously and for
concatenating the filters.
Tendering Designs
These should include:
Design brief statement
Design Process - A record of work undertaken to achieve the required design
Final Proposed Design - A description of the final design prior to simulation and test
Implementation Plan - A plan showing how the 6 hours of scheduled lab time will be
divided between the two student engineers in the team with a plan for contingencies
should any problems occur (think about where these problems could arise)
Component List and Estimated Price (Assume your initial run is for 500 units and a
standard PCB from the UG labs - please don't order any PCBs since you will only be
producing prototypes for this tender!)
All work should be done in your log books with printouts included where required.

Prerequisite Knowledge
You will need to have a working understanding of the following subjects.
Components (information on SurreyLearn)
Resistors
Inductors
Capacitors
Designs (information on SurreyLearn)
LCR Filters
Designers will need to undertake simulation to assist in the filter design process. PSpice will
be available in the laboratory. Designers are not expected to have undertaken simulation work
prior to the scheduled laboratory session.
Further Information
The specifications require a minimum of a passive first order and a passive second
order filter. Designers are not limited to the circuits detailed on the supporting pages
and may wish to implement an alternative passive filter.
When choosing your component values to meet the specification remember that there
are 'Preferred Values'.
Check that your filter still meets the specification once readily available components
have been substituted for the calculated values.
Consider component tolerance: for capacitors >10nF this is usually 20% and for
resistors 5% (Higher tolerance components usually represent a higher cost).
Factor tolerance into your equations and check that your circuit still meets the
specification when using extreme tolerances of component values.
The Inductor contains an internal resistance, which should be factored into your
calculations. Consider the "self-Q" value.
Considerations During Lab Sessions
What are the limitations of your circuit with regards to the loads it can drive, what
happens if you connect a load that has the 'wrong' impedance. Similarly, what are the
limitations on the circuits that can drive your filter? (Hint: think about impedances in
parallel and how they affect the overall impedance). Don't forget to check this with
PSpice.
What is the phase difference between you input and output voltage over your
operating range of frequencies? When could this cause problems? Consider
investigating this with PSpice and on your final circuit.
You should compare the results of your practical experiment with those of your
simulated circuit. If there are differences then investigate. Are the component values
actually within tolerance? Have you measured them to check? What did you measure
the values with and what is it's precision?
References
Basics of what is a Gantt Chart, http://www.ganttchart.com/Index.html
How to create a Gantt chart in Excel, http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel-help/create-a-
gantt-chart-in-excel-HA001034605.aspx
Open Source Gantt chart software, http://www.ganttproject.biz/ (untested - use at your own
risk!)
RS Components, http://uk.rs-online.com/web/ - a good source for component costing