9/30/2014

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Dr. Meldi Suhatril
Departmentof Civil Engineering,
Facultyof Engineering,Universityof Malaya.
STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN (KAEA3218)
- Steel properties-
Better qualitycontrol
Lighter
Faster toerect
Reducedsitetime Fast trackconstruction
Large column free space and amenable for
alteration
Lessmaterial handlingat site
Less percentage of floor area occupied by
structural elements
Has better ductility and hence superior
lateral load behavior; better earthquake
resistance
Advantages of Steel Design
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Skilledlabor isrequired
Higher cost of construction
Maintenancecost ishigh
Poor fireproofing, asat 1000 F(538 C) &
at 1600 F(871 C) 15%strengthremains
Electricitymayberequired
Disadvantage of Steel Design
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Steel is an alloy of Iron, Carbon (<2%), and
Manganese(<1%). It also containssmall amountsof
Phosphorous, Silicon, Sulfur andOxygen.
Carbon Steel - these chemical elements are
controlled to provide consistent qualityand grade of
steel
Carboncontent greatlyaffectstheproperties of steel:
More Carbon increases : strength, hardness,
corrosion-resistance
More Carbon decreases : malleability, ductility,
andweldability
The amount of Carbon does NOT affect the
Modulusof Elasticity(E) of theSteel
Material Properties of Steel
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
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YieldStrength(fy) =220 540Mpa
UltimateTensileStrength=1.2fy
ModulusElasticity(E) =2x10
6
N/mm2
Shear Modulus(G) =0.4E
PoissonRatio()
- ElasticRange=0.3
- PlasticRange=0.5
coefficientof linear thermal expansion
Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Stress Strain Curve for Structural Steel
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Yield Strength & Ultimate Tensile Strength
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Steel section
1. Hot rolled Sections - heated up and pushed through
rollers that squeeze the metal into a particular profile,
depending on the shape of the rollers.
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
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Steel section
2. Cold formed section - are created by the working of
sheet steel using stamping, rolling, or presses to
deform the sheet into a profile
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Steel section
3. Built-up form a shape by welding together
different hot-rolled sections
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Section Properties
Labelling
b
h d
tw
tf
r
y y
z
z
t
b
r
h y y
z
z
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Section Properties
Typical section properties for design
resistance calculation
A Area
W
el
Elastic modulus
W
pl
Plastic modulus
I
y
Second moment of area major
axis
I
z
Second moment of area minor
axis
i Radius of gyration
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
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Structural Design
Principle design requirements:
a) Structural requirements:
Safety produce a structure which will not fail in its
design lifetime, or has an acceptably low risk of failure
Stiffnessof the structure sufficient to ensure that the
serviceability of the structure is not impaired by
excessive deflections, vibrations and the like.
b) Other requirements:
Economy the type and quantity of materials, methods
of fabricating and constructions, sizes of the members
of the structure.
Harmony relationships between the different systems
of the structure i.e. the structural system(load
resistance and transfer system), the architectural
system, the electrical and mechanical systemand
environment.
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Overall Design
Process
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Structural Design Process
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Structural Design Process
Design procedure for structural framework design:
a) Planning establish the functions of the structure
b) Preliminary structural configuration
arrangement of the elements
c) Establishment of the loads
d) Preliminary member selection
e) Analysis
f) Evaluation all of the above requirements are
satisfied and compare with predetermined criteria
g) Redesign repetition of the sequences are
needed based on the evaluation
h) Final decision whether optimum design has
been achieved
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
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Limit State Design
Safety is a paramount responsibility of the
designer
In the design, there are uncertainty due to
many factors, which affect the safety:
Loading
Material strength
Structural dimension and behaviour
Designer must ensure that the risk of failure
is extremely small, despite the
uncertainties.
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Limit State Design
Basis of LS design the probability of
operating conditions not reaching failure
conditions
Limit States are the various conditions in
which a structure would be considered to
have failed to fulfill the purpose for which it
was built.
Two limit states are considered at the
design stage:
Ultimate limit state (ULS)
Serviceability limit state (SLS)
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design
Limit State Design
ULS catastrophic states, when ULS are reached
whole structure or part of it collapses
Strength (yield, buckling)
Stabilityagainst overturningand sway
Fracture due to fatigue
Brittle fracture
SLS limits on acceptable performance of the
structure, when SLS are reached structure unfit for
normal use but do not indicate collapse
Deflection
Vibration
Fatigue checks
corrosion
1.Advantages & Disadvantages
2.Properties
- Material
- Mechanical
3.Steel Section
- Hot Rolled
- Cold form
- Built-up
4. Section Properties
5.Structural Design
6.Limit State Design