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CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Overview
2.0.1 Electronic Shop Management System
According to bourner(1996) there are good reasons for spending time and effort on a
review of the literature before embarking on a research if we said we are going to make
our electronic shop without researching we will face the problem that is why we have
think critically on this project.
This are the following reason include:
To identify gaps in the literature to avoid reinventing the wheel (at the very least this will
save time and it can stop you from making the same mistakes as others) to carry on from
where others have already reached (reviewing the field allows you to build on the
platform of exiting knowledge and idea)
To identify other people working in the same fields (a researcher network is a valuable
resource)
To increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area to identify seminal works in
your area to provide the intellectual context for your own work enabling you to position
your project relative to other works.
To identify opposing views to put your work into perspective to demonstrate that you can
access previous work in an area
To identify information and ideas that may be relevant to your project
To identify method that could relevant to your project.
2.0.2 Problem Definition
Karam electronic ltd has been using manual based system in advertising its service since
its establishment the system are sufficient at the time because its target market is small.
Current system is mostly prepared with record in paper work for the customers most sales
are often very slow due to record keeping in register and the sales assistant will have to
go round the shop to see the accessories available struggle up and down to notify
customers for new items if the customer demands any services in the company he/she has
to come in person mostly time consuming and very frustrating all the transactions is also
done on paper resulting to time wastage of both the customer and the office assistants in
general the proposed system is aimed at reducing few among plenty of the problem listed
above which initialize the purpose of the research project.
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2.0.3 Exiting System
The organization in which all the works are due manually the management approved the
need communication of office.
During the study of exiting system following points are observed
As the current system is totally manual
Due to manually process is requires more time for completion of any work
Exiting system is manual so it increases the chances of errors
To generate success report, each report needed to generate next report.
Lots of consumed for each report generation.
More man power is require and timely updating complicated.
Immediate responses to the queries and difficult and time consuming.
To completed this need the system requires maintain the office administrative
works.
2.0.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Electronic Shop Management Software is application software utility that efficiently
maintain the inventory of the Electronic Showroom. This software is capable of recording
details of sales and purchase order. Similarly keeps track of expenses and income of the
company. This billing accounting software can be used to generate various reports
including Item, Ledger, Sales order, Purchase order and Expenses ledger and more.
This software is totally self-contained and works relatively as efficient as other packages
related to the subject. It provides simple database rather than complex ones for high
requirements and it provides good and easy graphical user interface to both new as well
as experienced user of the computer.
2.1.0 Languages

We need to Display you here the two languages we developed our system. And the both
languages that we are going to develop our system are one of the most powerful
languages that the developers develop their current systems and there are also so many
languages that can be developed systems like Visual studio 2008 And SQL Server 2008


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2.1.2 Introduction to Visual Basic
The purpose of this tutorial is to provide you with the basic tools needed to write very
simple programs for numerical analysis in Visual Basic (VB). They were developed for
version of VB that comes with MS Office 2003. This version is largely updated to Office
2010, but there may still be some things that do not quite work correctly. VB has much in
common with virtually all other programming languages. A VB program is a series of
commands that creates and manipulates variables. VB programs are also called Macros.
Several different programs (called Subs in VB) can be in a single file. These Subs can act
separately or they can be interconnected. With few exceptions, all your commands must
be contained in a Sub, i.e., after a line that opens a Sub and before the End Sub that ends
the sub.
A programmer can create an application using the components provided by the Visual
Basic program itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API,
but doing so requires external function declarations. Though the program has received
criticism for its perceived faults, version 3 of Visual Basic was a runaway commercial
success, and many companies offered third party controls greatly extending its
functionality.
Features: The language not only allows programmers to create simple GUI applications,
but to also develop complex applications. Programming in VB is a combination of
visually arranging components or controls on a form, specifying attributes and actions of
those components, and writing additional lines of code for more functionality. Since
default attributes and actions are defined for the components, a simple program can be
created without the programmer having to write many lines of code. Performance
problems were experienced by earlier versions, but with faster computers and native code
compilation this has become less of an issue.
To Controls have attributes and event handlers associated with them. Default values are
provided when the control is created, but may be changed by the programmer. Many
attribute values can be modified during run time based on user actions or changes in the
environment, providing a dynamic application. For example, code can be inserted into the
form resize event handler to reposition a control so that it remains centered on the form,
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expands to fill up the form, etc. By inserting code into the event handler for a key press in
a text box, the program can automatically translate the case of the text being entered, or
even prevent certain characters from being inserted.
Characteristics: Visual Basic has the following traits which differ from C-derived
languages:
Statements tend to be terminated with keywords such as "End If", instead
of using "{}"s to group statements.
Multiple variable assignment is not possible. A = B = C does not imply
that the values of A, B and C are equal. The Boolean result of "Is B = C?" is
stored in A. The result stored in A would therefore be either false or true.
Boolean constant True has numeric value 1. This is because the Boolean
data type is stored as a 16-bit signed integer. In this construct 1 evaluates to 16
binary 1s (the Boolean value True), and 0 as 16 0s (the Boolean value False). This
is apparent when performing a Not operation on a 16 bit signed integer value 0
which will return the integer value 1, in other words True = Not False. This
inherent functionality becomes especially useful when performing logical
operations on the individual bits of an integer such as And, Or, Xor and Not. This
definition of True is also consistent with BASIC since the early 1970s Microsoft
BASIC implementation and is also related to the characteristics of CPU
instructions at the time.
Logical and bitwise operators are unified. This is unlike some C-derived
languages (such as Perl), which have separate logical and bitwise operators. This
again is a traditional feature of BASIC.
Variable array base. Arrays are declared by specifying the upper and lower
bounds in a way similar to Pascal and FORTRAN. It is also possible to use the
Option Base statement to set the default lower bound. Use of the Option Base
statement can lead to confusion when reading Visual Basic code and is best
avoided by always explicitly specifying the lower bound of the array. This lower
bound is not limited to 0 or 1, because it can also be set by declaration. In this
way, both the lower and upper bounds are programmable. In more subscript-
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limited languages, the lower bound of the array is not variable. This uncommon
trait does exist in Visual Basic .NET but not in VBScript OPTION BASE was
introduced by ANSI, with the standard for ANSI Minimal BASIC in the late
1970s.
2.1.2 Structured Query language (SQL)
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by
Microsoft. As a database, it is a software product whose primary function is to store and
retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same
computer or those running on another computer across a network (including the Internet).
There are at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server aimed at different
audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large
Internet-facing applications with many concurrent users. Its primary query languages are
T-SQL and ANSI SQL.
SQL Server 2008 (formerly codenamed "Katmai") was released on August 6, 2008 and
aims to make data management , self-organizing, and self-maintaining with the
development of SQL Server Always On technologies, to provide near-zero downtime.
SQL Server 2008 also includes support for structured and semi-structured data, including
digital media formats for pictures, audio, video and other multimedia data. In current
versions, such multimedia data can be stored as BLOBs (binary large objects), but they
are generic bit streams.
SQL Server 2008 (formerly codenamed "Katmai") was released on August 6, 2008 and
aims to make data management self-tuning, self-organizing, and self-maintaining with the
development of SQL Server Always On technologies, to provide near-zero downtime.
SQL Server 2008 also includes support for structured and semi-structured data, including
digital media formats for pictures, audio, video and other multimedia data. In current
versions, such multimedia data can be stored as BLOBs (binary large objects), but they
are generic bit streams. Intrinsic awareness of multimedia data will allow specialized
functions to be performed on them. According to Paul Flessner, senior Vice President,
Server Applications, Microsoft Corp., SQL Server 2008 can be a data storage backend for
different varieties of data: XML, email, time/calendar, file, document, spatial, etc. as well
as perform search, query, analysis, sharing, and synchronization across all data types.
Other new data types include specialized date and time types and a spatial data type for
location-dependent data. Better support for unstructured and semi-structured data is
provided using the new FILESTREAM data type, which can be used to reference any file
stored on the file system structured data and metadata about the file is stored in SQL
Server database, whereas the unstructured component is stored in the file system. Such
files can be accessed both via Win32 file handling APIs as well as via SQL Server using
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T-SQL; doing the latter accesses the file data as a BLOB. Backing up and restoring the
database backs up or restores the referenced files as well.
SQL Server 2008 also natively supports hierarchical data.

2.1.3 Photoshop
By 1987, John Knoll was working at Industrial Light and Magic Lucas film's nascent
special effects division, founded for Star Wars - while Thomas was studying for his Ph.D.
on image processing at the University of Michigan. Having just bought a brand-new
Apple Mac Plus to help out with his thesis, he was dismayed to find it couldn't display
greyscale images on the monochrome monitor. So, in true hacker style, he set about
writing his own code to do the job.
Unsurprisingly, John was also working on image processing at ILM, and during a holiday
visit he became very impressed with Thomas's progress. In the book CG 101: A
Computer Graphics Industry Reference, John says: "As Tom showed me his work, it
struck me how similar it was to the image-processing tools on the Pixar [a custom
computer used at ILM]." Thus the pair began to collaborate on a larger, more cohesive
application, which they dubbed - excitingly - Display.
It wasn't long before John had bought a new colour Macintosh II and persuaded Thomas
to rewrite Display to work in colour. Indeed, the more John saw of Display, the more
features he began to ask for: gamma correction, loading and saving other file formats, and
so on.
Although this work distracted Thomas from his thesis, he was quite happy to oblige. He
also developed an innovative method of selecting and affecting only certain parts of the
image, as well as a set of image-processing routines - which would later become plug-ins.
A feature for adjusting tones (Levels) also emerged, along with controls for balance, hue
and saturation. These were the defining features of Photoshop, but at the time, it was
almost unthinkable to see them anywhere outside of specialist processing software in a
lab - or at ILM.
By 1988, Display had become Image Pro and was sufficiently advanced that John thought
they might have a chance at selling it as a commercial application. Thomas was reluctant:
he still hadn't finished his thesis, and creating a full-blown app would take a lot of work.
But once John had checked out the competition, of which there was very little, they
realized Image Pro was way ahead of anything currently available.