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Greek writers had a significant influence on Western music, though few Greek musical examples exist. Poetry and music were considered to have the same basic elements, and many epics and plays were sung. The Greeks believed that different types of music could influence human character and behavior. Pythagoras discovered the mathematical relationships of the harmonic series in the 6th century BCE. Greek music theory made major contributions, including defining the tetrachord as the fundamental unit and developing a system of scales and modes. Roman music built on Greek traditions but pursued music more for pleasure than philosophy, with larger ensembles and increased complexity.
Greek writers had a significant influence on Western music, though few Greek musical examples exist. Poetry and music were considered to have the same basic elements, and many epics and plays were sung. The Greeks believed that different types of music could influence human character and behavior. Pythagoras discovered the mathematical relationships of the harmonic series in the 6th century BCE. Greek music theory made major contributions, including defining the tetrachord as the fundamental unit and developing a system of scales and modes. Roman music built on Greek traditions but pursued music more for pleasure than philosophy, with larger ensembles and increased complexity.
Greek writers had a significant influence on Western music, though few Greek musical examples exist. Poetry and music were considered to have the same basic elements, and many epics and plays were sung. The Greeks believed that different types of music could influence human character and behavior. Pythagoras discovered the mathematical relationships of the harmonic series in the 6th century BCE. Greek music theory made major contributions, including defining the tetrachord as the fundamental unit and developing a system of scales and modes. Roman music built on Greek traditions but pursued music more for pleasure than philosophy, with larger ensembles and increased complexity.
Music in the Life and Philosophy of Ancient Greece
Greek writers have constantly influenced Western Music, though few examples of Greek music exist Poetry and music were considered to have the same basic elements o Many epics and plays were sung Much day-to-day music for work and home, musical competitions very important Acoustics and mathematical relationships of harmonic series discovered by Pythagoras in 6 th century BCE Music and Doctrine of Ethos Belief that music can powerfully affect human character and behavior Music with different ethos was used for different situations (music used to worship different gods was vastly different) Ex. Listening to noble music would give someone a noble, virtuous character, lascivious music gave some a debauched life Catharsis: emotional release from music Different instruments, rhythms, melody, and mode were used in different situations to create a certain ethos Characteristics of Music Connection of music and words important o Musical rhythm corresponded to rhythm of poetic verse o Instruments commonly used as accomp, even could have been instrumental interludes Mostly doubled vocal line: no evidence of complex textures Plenty of evidence for improvised instrumental music
Greek Music Theory Major contributions to music theory Fundamental unit was the tetrachord: 4 consecutive pitches spanning a fourth o 3 different ways to divide tetrachord (4 genera, genus, singular) Diatonic: b c d e Chromatic: b c d-flat e Enharmonic: b c-flat c e To make melodies spanning larger than a 4 th , tetrachords were put together end-to-end to create Greater Pitch System o 2 tetrachords put together would share 1 note and become conjunct tetrachords
B c d e E f g a Add 1 wholetone to the end of the conjunct tetrachord to create an octave Put 2 conjunct tetrachords together separated by a wholetone to create 2 octaves
A* b c d e b c d e E f g a e f g a
Focused on 1 octave to reduce redundancy o Took octaves from Greater Pitch System to form different tonos (scales) As many as 15 tonos had been proposed o Mese: the note which all other notes in that scale were compared to determine that notes function o Use of a particular array of pitches within the characteristic tonos determined the musics ethos
Music in Ancient Rome Political and militaristic power moved from Greece to Italian peninsula in last century BCE o Roman music was built on its Greek heritage More inclined to pursue music as pleasure instead of for its philosophical and theoretical ideas Musical works become more grand and elaborate o Large ensembles, increased complexity, virtuosity, Asian influences Improvements in brass instruments to be used in battle Music was grouped with maths and sciences in academic curriculum Boethius classified music in 3 categories: o Musica Mundana: music of the spheres, product of motions of sun, moon, stars, planets, humans couldnt hear because we are corrupt o Musica Humana: gave harmony to human existence, human harmony governs life by keeping everything in proportion o Musica Instrumentalis: all sounding music, presents concrete image of the order of the universe Music became less important in 5 th century when Rome fell, ancient documents disappeared and Christian culture took over
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