CHAPTER III

RESEARCH AND SOFTWARE DESIGN

This chapter deals with the methods of research used whether itmay be historical,
descriptive, and experimental or a case study. The t echni ques us ed under
Des cr i pt i ve Res ear ch Met hod as wel l as t he data gathering tools and analytical tools
used will be further explainedin this chapter as well as the methods used in developing the
softwareand for evaluation.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Methods of Research Used
The pr oponent s have us ed t he Des cr i pt i ve Res ear ch Met hodwher ei n t he s t
udy i s f ocus ed on pr es ent s i t uat i ons . I t i nvol ves t herecording,
description, analysis and the presentation of the presentsystem, composition or
processes of phenomena.Under the Descriptive Research Method, the technique used
isthe Survey Method, which is otherwise known as normative survey. Theresults and findings of the
study should always be compared with thestandards. With the survey method, researchers
are able
to statisticallys t u d y t h e s p e c i f i c a r e a s wh e r e t h e p r o p o n e n t s mu s t c o n c
e n t r a t e . Findings regarding the common practices being done and the methodswhich are
commonly adopted by the employees are obtained with theuse of the survey method

The questionnaires are being answered accordingly to the priorityof concern by using
predetermined sets of questions with predefinedranges of answers so as to avoid any
conflicting series of response.

Sampling Design and Technique
S a m p l i n g m a y b e d e f i n e d a s m e a s u r i n g a s m a l l p o r t i o n o f s o
met hi ng and t hen maki ng a gener al s t at ement about t he whol ething. It enables
the study of a large, heterogeneous population moreeconomic wise, meaning not too costly, and
more realistic and possibleto make. The population to be researched upon is quite
small; hencescientific sampling is implied to each member of the population
sincethe number of population is attainable for sampling. The proponents decided to
use the unstructured random sampling technique since thepopulation is well in the reach of
statistical evaluation. To justify the point, the use of
Slovens Formula
was utilized in theformula of:N = N / 1 + N (e)2
Where:
n = sample sizeN = total populatione = level of confidence (.01 to .05)
Data Gathering Tools

These are the instruments or tools for gathering data in researchused as basis for drawing
conclusions or making inferences. Some
of t hes e t ool s ar e ques t i onnai r es , i nt er vi ews , empi r i cal obs er vat i ons , r es ea
r ch and anal ys i s us ed by t he pr oponent s as t hey conduct t he proposed study.
Interview.
An I nt er vi ew i s def i ned as a meet i ng of t wo peopl ef ace t o f ace t o conf er
about s omet hi ng or an act of ques t i oni ng
t or e c e i v e a d e s i r e d a n s w e r t h a t i s n e c e s s a r y i n s o l v i n g a s p e
c i f i c problem. This is where data gathering occurs by asking questions for much
needed information from the interviewee verbally and directly.
Observation.
This technique is used when the researcher cannotsecure adequate or valid data through the use
of the questionnaire orsome other technique. It is considered to be the most direct means
of s t u d y i n g p e o p l e i n s o f a r a s t h e i r o v e r t b e h a v i o r i s c o n c e r
n e d . Observation of a current operating procedure is another data gatheringtool seeing the
system in action gives you additional perspective andbetter understanding of system
procedures.
Research.
R e s e a r c h i s s i m p l y , t h e s y s t e m a t i c s e a r c h f o r pertinent
information on a specific topic or problem. It is
systematics t u d y o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n o r s o me t h i n g f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f a n s
we r i n g ques t i ons pos ed by t he r es ear cher . I t i ncl udes r evi ewi ng j our nal s , p
er i odi cal s , and books t o obt ai n backgr ound i nf or mat i on, t echni cal material,
and news about industry trends and developments.
Questionnaire.
A p r e - w r i t t e n s e r i e s o f q u e s t i o n s u s e d i n gathering important
informations from one or more persons. This willbe given to the individual who have a direct
bearing of the study and in

order to satisfy the proponents goal that is to get and measure theopinions, polls and
attitude of the respondents of the study.
Analysis.
Analysis is the process of breaking-up the whole studyi nt o i t s cons t i t uent par t s of t he
cat egor i es accor di ng t o t he s peci f i c questions under the statement of the problem. This
is to bring out intofocus the essential feature of the study.
Statistical Tools
Statistics is one way of getting the informations organized. Tohave a general view of
the whole scenario of the study, statistical tooli s us ed. Thi s al s o i ncl udes t he s cal i ng
s ys t em, whi ch i s us ed by t he proponents as a technique to monitor the respondents
interpretationof facts.
(See Table 2.0 & Table 3.