GAZI UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MM 309E HEAT TRANSFER
CHAPTER 3
Study Questions
Q1. Consider a wall of thickness L and constant thermal
conductivity k in which energy is generated at a
constant rate of

e (W/m
3
). The boundary surface at
x=0 is insulated (adiabatic) and that at x=L dissipates
heat by convection with a heat transfer coefficient h
into a fluid at a temperature T

.
(a) Develop expression for the temperature T(x) and heat flux

q in the wall.
(b) Calculate the temperature at the surfaces x=0 and x=L under the following
conditions. L=1 cm,
o
20W m C = k ,
7 3
6 10 W m

= e ,
2 o
3500W m C = h ,
T

=110
o
C

Q2. Consider a solid cylinder of
radius r=r
o
in which energy
is generated at a constant rate
of

gen e (W/m
3
), while the
boundary surface at r=r
o
is
maintained at a constant
temperature T
o
.
(a) Develop an expression
for the one dimensional,
radial, steady state temperature distribution ( ) T r and the heat flux ( )

q r .

(b) Calculate the center temperature ( ) 0 T and the heat flux at the boundary surface r=
r
o
for r
o
=1 cm,
8 3
1.5 10 W m

= gen e ,
o
20W m C = k and T
o
=110
o
C.
Q3. A hollow cylinder with inner
radius r =r
i
and outer radius r =
r
o
is heated at the inner surface
at a rate of
i

q (W/m
2
) and
dissipates heat by convection
from the outer surface into a
fluid at temperature T

with a
heat transfer coefficient h.
There is no energy generation,
and the thermal conductivity of
the solid is assumed to be constant.
(a) Develop expressions for the determination of the temperatures T
i
and T
o
of the
inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder.
(b) Calculate the surface temperatures T
i
and T
o
for r
i
= 3.5 cm, r
o
= 6 cm,

2 o
400W m C = h , T

=110
o
C,
o
20W m C = k and
5 2
10 W m

= q

Q4. Consider one-dimensional conduction
in a plane composite wall. The outer
surfaces are exposed to a fluid at 22
o
C and a convection heat transfer
coefficient of
2
900W m K . The
middle wall B experiences uniform
heat generation
B

e (W/m
3
), while there is no generation in walls A and C. The
temperatures at the interfaces are T
1
=265
o
C and T
2
=200
o
C. Assuming negligible
contact resistance at the interfaces, determine the volumetric heat generation
B

e and

0
L
x
k
2
h
, T
2
1
h
, T
1
the thermal conductivity k
B
for
A
30W m K = k ,
C
60W m K = k ,
A
25mm = L ,
B
35mm = L , and
C
20mm = L .

Q5. Consider a wall of thickness L as shown in figure. A fluid at a temperature T
1
with a
heat transfer coefficient h
1
flows over the surface at x=0, and another fluid at a
temperature T
2
with a heat transfer coefficient h
2
flows over the surface at x=L of the
plate.
(a) Develop an expression for the heat flow Q

through an area of the plate.

(b) Calculate the heat transfer rate through A=1 m
2
of the wall for
o
1
T 130 C

= ,
o
2
T 30 C

= ,
( )
2 o
1
h 250W m C = ,
( )
2 o
2
h 500W m C = , L 4cm = ,
( )
o
k 20W m C = .









Q6. A steel tube with 5-cm inner diameter, 7.6 cm outer diameter, and
( )
o
k 15W m C =
is covered with an insulative covering of thickness t 2cm = and
( )
o
k 0.2W m C = .
A hot gas at
o
1
T 330 C

= ,
( )
2 o
1
h 400W m C = flows inside the tube. The outer
surface of the insulation is exposed to cooler air at
o
2
T 30 C

= ,
( )
2 o
2
h 60W m C = .

(a) Calculate the heat loss from the tube to the air for L 10m = of the tube.
(b) Calculate the temperature drps resulting from the thermal resistances of the hot
gas flow, the steel tube, the insulation layer, and the outside air.

Q7. A steel rod of diameter D =2 cm, length L =30 cm, and thermal conductivity
( )
o
k 50W m C = is exposed to ambient air at
o
T 20 C

= with a heat transfer

coefficient
( )
2 o
h 60W m C = . If one end of the rod is maintained at a temperature of
110
o
C, calculate the heat loss from the rod.

Q8. Consider the oven wall shown below. The wall has a thin inner metal layer and a thin
outer metal layer, with a much thicker layer of insulation in between. The temperature
of the gas in the oven is 400 C and the ambient temperature outside the oven is 20 C.
The convective heat transfer coefficient on the inner oven wall is h
i
=20 W/m
2
.C and
the convective heat transfer coefficient on the outer wall is h
o
=10 W/m
2
.C. Find the
thickness L of insulation so that the outer wall surface is at a temperature of 40 C.
The thermal conductivity of the insulation is k =0.1 W/m.C.

L
k
insulation
oven
T
i
=400
o
C
h
i
ambient
T

=20
o
C
h
o
metal

Q9. Consider one dimensional, steady state heat conduction in a plate with constant
thermal conductivity in a region L x 0 s s . Energy is generated in a medium at a rate
of
x
o
e g
|
W/m
3
.

Write the differential equation and its boundary conditions. Do not solve the
differential equation.


Q10. Consider a solid cylinder of radius r =b in which energy is generated at a constant
rate of g
o
(W/m
3
), while the boundary surface at r =b is maintained at constant
temperature T
2
.

Develop an expression for the one dimensional, radial, steady state temperature
distribution T(r) and the heat flux ) r ( q' ' . Calculate the center temperature T(0) and
heat flux at the boundary surface r = b for the following data: b = 1 cm, g
o

=
3 8
m / W 10 2 , k =20 W/m.
o
C, T
2
=100
o
C.
r
b
T
2
insulation
0
L
x
k
h

T


Q11. Consider a material manufacturing process, where a thin film is deposited on top of a
substrate, as shown in the figure below. The temperature of the bottom surface of the
substrate is kept at T
o
=30
o
C. The top surface is exposed to a radiative heat flux of
q' ' =3000 W/m
2
, which is fully absorbed at the top surface. In addition, there is
convective heat transfer with a fluid at temperature T

=20
o
C and the convective
coefficient h =40 W/m
2
K. Determine the temperature at the interface between the
film and the substrate, T
1
. The thickness of the film is a =0.2 mm and the thickness of
the substrate is b =1.0 mm. Thermal conductivity of the film k
f
is 0.02 W/m.K, and
the thermal conductivity of the substrate k
s
is 0.06 W/m.K.