Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering, Architecture, Fine Arts and Computing Sciences
ECE/ICE/MexE Department

ECE 354 Logic Circuits and Switching Theory
Laboratory Report No. 1
Diode Logic and Transistor Inverter

Submitted by:
Biscocho, Christia Bess A.
Dela Cruz, Mary Emergieline D.
Ereo, Aileen M.
Pinsan, Nelly A.
ECE 3202

Submitted to:
Engr. Ralph Gerard B. Sangalang

January 17, 2013
INTRODUCTION
The basic logic gates are the AND gate, OR gate, NAND gate, NOR gate and the
NOT gate or inverter gate. For AND gate both input should be high to have an output of
high voltage, if at least one input is low the output will be a low voltage, for an OR gate
at least one input should be high for the circuit to give a high output, an inverting AND
will have a low output if both the inputs A and B is high, as for inverting OR the output
will be high only if both inputs have low voltage, lastly for NOT gate if the input is low the
output is high and vice versa.
Discrete components like resistors, diodes and transistors can be use to design a
circuit with different functions that behave as that of basic logic gates. Diode-resistor
logic can easily construct the non-inverting gates, but it is difficult to cascade this kind of
circuit to achieve the other logic gates because multiple decrease in voltage will result
due to voltage drops in every diode. Fortunately, other logic gates or the inverting gates
can easily be constructed using DTL or Diode-Transistor Logic.

OBJECTIVES
To construct the basic logic gates using discrete components
To have a review on how the components work
To determine how the circuits function

MATERIALS
Breadboard
Connecting Wires
Diodes
Transistors
Resistors
Power supply
Led
Wire stripper



PROCEDURE
1. Construct the circuits shown below.
2. Test on how the circuits work by having an input A and B of 00, 01, 10 and 11
respectively. For the NOT circuit simply put 0 and 1 since it requires only one
input at a time.
3. Tabulate a truth table for each circuit.

RESULTS OR FINDINGS

AND Gate
A B O
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1


NAND Gate
A B O
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
OR Gate
A B O
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1


NOR Gate
A B O
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0


NOT Gate
A O
0 1
1 0

Table 1. AND and OR Truth Table
Table 2. NAND and NOR Truth
Table
Table 3. NOT Truth Table

























SUMMARY
The behaviour of the basic logic gates can also be obtained using discrete
components (diodes, resistors and transistors). Constructing non-inverting gates; the
AND and OR, can be attained using the knowledge of diode logic or diode-resistor logic,
by biasing the diodes either forward or reverse biased we can control the flow of current
throughout the circuit. For inverting gates; NAND, NOR and NOT or inverter, we used
the diode-transistor logic.

CONCLUSION
Diode is a two-terminal device; cathode and anode, it is forward biased if the
anode is more positive than the cathode, this biasing allows current to flow, on
the other hand if it is on a reverse biased the current will not flow due to its high
resistance.
We can construct AND gate and OR gate using simple diode logic. For AND gate
if both or at least one of the diodes are grounded the current will flow directly
through that diode, thus making the output voltage low, to have a high voltage at
the output both inputs should be high. For OR gate at least one input should be
high in order to have a high output.
Bipolar Junction Transistor is a three-terminal device; emitter, base and collector.
The current flows from collector to emitter because of the base. Using diode-
transistor logic we can construct the inverting gates (NAND gate, NOR gate and
NOT gate). This works almost the same as a diode.