SUMMARY-UNIT 1-FOOD AND NUTRITION

SCIENCE PRIMARY YEAR 4

CLASSIFYING FOOD
Our food comes from:
Animals:
o Meat and fish
Plants:
o Fruit and vegetables
o Bread and cereals
o Milk and dairy
o Sugary foods
Our body needs food for:
Health
Growth
Energy
The three main meals of the day are:
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS are in our food and keep us healthy,
help us grow and give us energy.
Nutrients are:
VITAMINS are good for our health.
MINERALS are good for our health.
An important mineral is CALCIUM,
which we need for strong and healthy
bones and teeth.
PROTEINS are good for our growth.
CARBOHYDRATES give us energy.
FATS give us energy but we only need a little
of these.
*** We also need WATER
A HEALTHY, BALANCED DIET
We need to have a HEALTHY, BALANCED DIET and EXERCISE to stay healthy.
A healthy diet means eating foods that have nutrients.
A balanced diet has lots of different nutrients.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Our digestive system allows our body to get the nutrients it needs from the food we eat.
THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS:
1. Starts in the mouth. We chew food with our teeth and mix the food with saliva.
2. Our tongue pushes the food around our mouth to a tube called the oesophagus.
3. The food travels down the oesophagus to our stomach. The stomach is like a mixer.
It uses gastric juices to turn the food into a thick liquid.
4. The thick liquid travels to a long tube called the small intestine. The small intestine
breaks down (separates) the food mixture even more.
5. The liver and the pancreas send juices to the small intestine so that our body can
now absorb the nutrients in the food.
6. The remains of the food that our body cant use go to a wide tube called the large
intestine. Here our body has its last chance to take water from the food.
7. The remains finally leave our body through the anus.
TEETH
Children have TWENTY teeth called MILK TEETH.
At the age of six years old, milk teeth start to fall out and permanent teeth start to grow.
Adults have THIRTY-TWO teeth called PERMANENT TEETH (bigger than milk teeth).
There are different types of teeth, which have different functions:
Incisors are sharp to cut food.
Canines are pointed to tear food.
Premolars and molars are flat to chew food.
** We must look after our teeth to keep them healthy.
** We have to brush our teeth with toothpaste after the main meals.
** We have to go to the dentist regularly.
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Our excretory system eliminates other waste that our body doesnt need.
THE EXCRETORY PROCESS:
1. Two small organs called the kidneys clean the waste from our blood.
2. This waste combines with water to make the urine.
3. Urine goes down two tubes called ureters, and collects in a bag called
the bladder.
4. When our bladder starts to get full, our body tells us that its time to go
to the toilet.
5. Urine then leaves our body through the urethra.
**Our body also eliminates waste through the skin Its a liquid called sweat.