Documente Academic
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W
W
W
G G
G
B
B
B
B'
B'
F
B
F
B
F
B
M
M
Untilted Restoring
Moment
Overturning
Moment
G
B
z
B
z
G
M
z
M
Strategy for sol!ing buoyancy problems
&;' #rom geometry of body and density of fluid and body equate0 %eight of displaced fluid 1 Total
weight of body. This gi!es the depth of immersion of the body or the weight of the body, whiche!er
is un-nown.
&7' To assess stability, first find the location of the centre of gra!ity $ of the body.
&<' Then, find the location of the centre of buoyancy B ¢roid of displaced !olume'. #or a regularly
shaped body this will be at half the height of the immersed portion of the body.
&=' "alculate the distance $B.
&>' "alculate )B, using )B 1 , ? .S. ote , 1 @
=
?A= for a circular section body and bd
<
?;7 for a
rectangular section body &@ is diameter, b and d are the sides of the rectangle'.
&A' "alculate metacentric height, )$ &1 2) : 2$', from )$ 1 )B : $B. ,f )$ 4 5 then body is
stable. ,f )$ 6 5 then body is unstable.
EBample
A solid cylindrical pine &S$15.>' spar buoy has a cylindrical lead &S$1;;.<' weight attached as
shown. @etermine the equilibrium position &i.e. depth of immersion' of the buoy in seawater
&S$1;.5<'. "alculate the metacentric height and show that the buoy is stable.
%eight of fluid displaced 1 %eight of body
d A ;.5< 1 5.;> A ;;.< C =.DD A 5.>
where A 1 @
7
?=
/ence, d 1 =.5; m
#ind centre of gra!ity of complete buoy by ta-ing
moments of the weight about the base &+'E
$+ 1 2$ 1 5.;> A ;;.< &5.;>?7' C =.DD A 5.> &=.DD?7 C 5.;>' 1 ;.>A m
5.;> A ;;.< C =.DD A 5.>
"entre of buoyancy &B+' will be at half the height of the
submerged part of the body &i.e. half the height of the
displaced !olume'. /ence, B+12B1d?7 1 7.55m.
$B 1 $+ : B+ 1 ;.>A : 7.55 1 35.== m
Therefore, metacentric height )$ 1 )B : $B 1 >.DB;5
3<
3 35.== 1 5.=> m. )$ 4 5, hence, stable.
ow, thin- about how much longer the pine section of the buoy would ha!e to be in order for it to
become unstableF ,f the buoy is stable when )$ 4 5 and unstable when )$ 6 5, we can say that the
limit between being stable or unstable is when )$ 1 5. ,n this case )B 1 $B. ,f you do the problem
again, setting the length of the pine section as L &instead of =.DDm', and equating )B 1 $B, you can
sol!e for L &by trial and error' to gi!e the maBimum length before instability sets in. Try it and see9
GAnswer 1 H.75 mI.
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