HHS, AP Chemistry, 2004/2005

AP Equations (Answer Key)

Please use Equations in the AP Examinations and Appendices D and E in your
textbook.
Symbol Reaction Type Examples
SY synthesis
Li + O2 Li2O
Si + F2 SiF4
DC decomposition
!HCO" !2O + CO2 + H2O
C!SO4 C!O + SO"
D# do$%&e rep&!cement/precipit!tion
OH
'
+ Fe
"+
Fe(OH)"
C!
2+
+ PO4
"'
C!"(PO4)2
AS !nionic sin*&e rep&!cement
C&2 + +r
'
C&
'
+ +r2
F2 + C&
'
F
'
+ C&2
CS c!tionic sin*&e rep&!cement
C! + A$
"+
C!
2+
+ A$
A& + C$
+
A&
"+
+ C$
CO com%$stion
CH"OH + O2 CO2 + H2O
C,H-, + O2 CO2 + H2O
#O redo. (other)
CrO4
2'
+ H2O2 + H
+
Cr
"+
+ O2 + H2O
Sn
4+
+ Fe
2+
Sn
2+
+ Fe
"+
A+ !cid/%!se
/*O + H
+
/*
2+
+ H2O
SO" + OH
'
SO4
2'
+ H2O
L0 &i*!nd e.ch!n*e
C$(OH)2 + H" C$(H")4
2+
+ OH
'
A*C& + C
'
A*(C)2
'
+ C&
'
HY hydro&ysis
!" + H2O H" + !
+
+ OH
'
PC&5 + H2O H
+
+ PO4
"'
+ C&
'
DH dehydr!tion
Fe(OH)" Fe2O" + H2O
H2SO" H2O + SO2
OA
or*!nic (!ddition to do$%&e or
trip&e %onds)
C2H4 + C&2 C2H4C&2
C2H2 + C&2 C2H2C&2
OS
or*!nic (s$%stit$tion to !&1!nes or
!rom!tic compo$nds)
CH4 + +r2 CH"+r + H+r
C2H2 + +r2 C2H5 +r + H+r
03 ether re!ctions
CH"OCH2CH" + H2O
CH"OH + CH"CH2OH
0S ester re!ctions
CH"COOCH2CH" + H2O
CH"COOH + CH"CH2OH
I
-) So&id &ithi$m hydride is !dded to 4!ter5
A+ LiH + H2O Li
+
+ OH
'
+ H2
2) 0.cess !mmoni! is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 7inc s$&6!te5
L0 H" + 8n
2+
8n(H")4
2+
") Sodi$m !cet!te is !cidi6ied 4ith di&$te hydroch&oric !cid5
A+ CH"COO
'
+ H
+
CH"COOH
4) A so&$tion o6 pot!ssi$m dichrom!te is !dded to !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 sodi$m
iodide5
#O Cr2O9
2'
+ H
+
+ :
'
Cr
"+
+ H2O
5) So&id %!ri$m c!r%on!te is !dded to di&$te nitric !cid5
A+, DC +!CO" + H
+
+!
2+
+ H2O + CO2
II
2) So&id !&$min$m s$&6ide is !dded to 4!ter5
A+/D# A&2S" + H2O A&(OH)" + H2S
9) Si&;er met!& is !dded to 2/ nitric !cid5
#O A* + H
+
+ O"
'
A*
+
+ O + H2O
,) A so&$tion o6 tin(::)nitr!te is dropped onto ! piece o6 7inc met!&5
#O Sn
2+
+ 8n Sn
4+
+ 8n
2+
<) So&id sodi$m dichrom!te is !dded to !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 iron(::) s$&6!te5
#O !2Cr2O9 + H
+
+ Fe
2+
!
+
+ Cr
"+
+ Fe
"+
+ H2O
-0) Li=$id tit!ni$m tetr!ch&oride is *i;en into e.cess 4!ter5
HY 3iC&4 + H2O 3iO2 + H
+
+ C&
'
III
--) So&id !mmoni$m ch&oride is !dded to ! concentr!ted so&$tion o6 sodi$m
hydro.ide5
A+ H4C& + OH
'
H" + H2O + C&
'
-2) So&id sodi$m hydro*enc!r%on!te is !dded to ! concentr!ted so&$tion o6 sodi$m
hydro.ide5
A+ !HCO" + OH
'
!
+
+ CO"
2'
+ H2O
-") So&id c!&ci$m s$&6ite is !cidi6ied5
A+, DC C!SO" + H
+
C!
2+
+ H2O + SO2
-4) Li=$id !cetic !cid !nd meth!no& !re com%ined !nd 4!rmed5
0S, DH CH"COOH + CH"OH CH"COOCH" + H2O
-5) A=$eo$s so&$tions o6 sodi$m iod!te !nd sodi$m iodide !re com%ined, then
!cidi6ied5
#O :O"
'
+ :
'
+ H
+
:2 + H2O
IV
-2) So&id c!&ci$m phosph!te is *i;en to e.cess hydro%romic !cid5
A+ C!"(PO4)2 + H
+
C!
2+
+ H"PO4
-9) A piece o6 m!*nesi$m is dropped into hydroch&oric !cid5
CS /* + H
+
/*
2+
+ H2
-,) A stre!m o6 c!r%on dio.ide *!s is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! s$spension o6 %!ri$m
c!r%on!te5
A+ CO2 + H2O + +!CO" +!
2+
+ HCO"
'
-<) Pot!ssi$m perm!n*!n!te so&$tion is !dded to concentr!ted hydroch&oric !cid5
#O /nO4
'
+ H
+
+ C&
'
/n
2+
+ C&2 + H2O
20) Ammoni! *!s is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! s$spension o6 7inc hydro.ide5
L0 H" + 8n(OH)2 8n(H")4
2+
+ OH
'
V
2-) Hydro*en s$&6ide *!s re!cts 4ith moist &e!d(::)ch&oride5
A+, D# H2S + P%
2+
P%S + H
+
22) /oist sodi$m hydro.ide re!cts 4ith c!r%on dio.ide *!s5
A+ OH
'
+ CO2 H2O + CO"
2'
(or> OH
'
+ CO2 HCO"
'
)
2") An !=$eo$s so&$tion o6 !mmoni! is !dded to so&id si&;er ch&oride5
L0 H" + A*C& A*(H")2
+
+ C&
'
24) #$%idi$m perm!n*!n!te is !dded to hydroiodic !cid5
#O /nO4
'
+ H
+
+ :
'
/n
2+
+ :2 + H2O
25) Li=$id phospor$s trich&oride is po$red into ! &!r*e e.cess o6 4!ter5
HY, A+ PC&" + H2O PO"
"'
+ C&
'
+ H
+
VI
22) "0? hydro*en pero.ide is he!ted5
#O/DC H2O2 H2O + O2
29) Li=$id merc$ry is !dded to concentr!ted nitric !cid5
#O H* + H
+
+ O"
'
H*
2+
+ O + H2O
2,) So&id iron(:::)s$&6!te is !dded to ! sodi$m iodide so&$tion5
#O Fe2(SO4)" + :
'
Fe
2+
+ :2 + SO4
2'
2<) Hydro*en s$&6ide is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! so&$tion o6 si&;er nitr!te5
A+, D# H2S + A*
+
A*2S + H
+
"0) Concentr!ted !mmoni! so&$tion is !dded in e.cess to ! so&$tion o6
copper(::)nitr!te5
L0 H" + C$
2+
C$(H")4
2+
VII
"-) /!*nesi$m met!& is !dded to di&$te nitric !cid, *i;in* !s one o6 the prod$cts !
compo$nd in 4hich the o.id!tion n$m%er o6 nitro*en is '"5
#O /* + H
+
+ O"
'
/*
2+
+ H4
+
+ H2O
"2) 0.cess 4!ter is !dded to so&id c!&ci$m hydride5
A+ H2O + C!H2 C!
2+
+ OH
'
+ H2
"") 0.cess si&;er !cet!te is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 trisodi$m phosph!te5
D# A*
+
+ PO4
"'
A*"PO4
"4) So&id sodi$m cy!nide is !dded to 4!ter5
A+ !C + H2O HC + !
+
+ OH
'
"5) So&id pot!ssi$m hydride is !dded to !nhydro$s ethy& !&coho&5
A+ @H + CH"CH2OH CH"CH2O@ + H2
VIII
"2) Lithi$m met!& is %$rned in !ir5
SY Li + O2 Li2O
"9) A&$min$m met!& is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 copper(::)ch&oride5
CS A& + C$
2+
A&
"+
+ C$
",) /!n*!nese(::)nitr!te is mi.ed 4ith sodi$m hydro.ide so&$tion5
D# /n
2+
+ OH
'
/n(OH)2
"<) 0=$!& ;o&$mes o6 e=$imo&!r so&$tions o6 sodi$m c!r%on!te !nd hydroch&oric !cid
!re mi.ed5
A+, DC CO"
2'
+ H
+
H2O + CO2
40) So&id sodi$m c!r%ide is !dded to !n e.cess o6 4!ter5
A+ !2C2 + H2O !
+
+ OH
'
+ C2H2
I
4-) An e.cess o6 sodi$m hydro.ide so&$tion is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 !&$min$m
ch&oride5
A+ OH
'
+ A&
"+
A&(OH)2
"'
42) So&id !mmoni$m c!r%on!te is he!ted5
DC (H4)2CO" H" + H2O + CO2
4") Phosphor$s pent!ch&oride is !dded to !n e.cess o6 pot!ssi$m hydro.ide so&$tion5
HY, A+ PC&5 + OH
'
PO4
"'
+ C&
'
+ H2O
44) Pot!ssi$m ch&or!te is he!ted in the presence o6 m!n*!nese dio.ide5
DC @C&O" @C& + O2
45) Ch&orine *!s is %$%%&ed into ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m hydro.ide5
#O, A+ C&2 + OH
'
C&
'
+ OC&
'
+ H2O

42) /!*nesi$m c!r%on!te is he!ted stron*&y5
DC /*CO" /*O + CO2
49) /eth!no& !nd prop!noic !cid !re mi.ed5
0S, DH CH"OH + CH"CH2COOH CH"CH2COOCH" + H2O
4,) +!ri$m !cet!te is !dded to di&$te s$&6$ric !cid5
A+, D# +!
2+
+ CH"COO
'
+ H
+
+ SO4
2'
CH"COOH + +!SO4
4<) Ammoni! *!s is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! s$spension o6 si&;er ch&oride5
L0 H" + A*C& A*(H")2
+
+ C&
'
50) Hot iron(:::)o.ide is re!cted 4ith c!r%on mono.ide5
#O Fe2O" + CO Fe + CO2
I
5-) Si&!ne (SiH4) is %$rned in !ir5
#O, CO SiH4 + O2 SiO2 + H2O
52) Cesi$m met!& is he!ted 4ith s$&6$r5
SY Cs + S, Cs2S
5") Sodi$m phosph!te is disso&;ed in 4!ter5
A+ !"PO4 + H2O HPO4
2'
+ !
+
+ OH
'
54) 0thy& eth!no!te is %oi&ed 4ith sodi$m hydro.ide5
0S, HY CH"COOCH2CH" + OH
'
CH"COO
'
+ CH"CH2OH
55) So&$tions o6 sodi$m phosph!te !nd c!&ci$m ch&oride !re com%ined5
D# PO4
"'
+ C!
2+
C!"(PO4)2
II
52) A s$spension o6 !&$min$m hydro.ide is !dded to hydroiodic !cid5
A+ A&(OH)" + H
+
A&
"+
+ H2O
59) Hydro*en pero.ide is !dded to !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 sodi$m iodide5
#O H2O2 + H
+
+ :
'
H2O + :2
5,) Hydro*en pero.ide is !dded to !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 pot!ssi$m dichrom!te5
#O H2O2 + H
+
+ Cr2O9
2'
O2 + H2O + Cr
"+
5<) C!&ci$m is !dded to di&$te hydroch&oric !cid5
CS C! + H
+
C!
2+
+ H2
20) A&$min$m nitr!te is disso&;ed in 4!ter5
A+ A&(H2O)2
"+
AA&(H2O)5(OH)B
'
+ H
+
III
2-) Phosphor$s tri%romide is !dded to 4!ter5
HY P+r" + H2O PO"
"'
+ +r
'
+ H
+
22) So&$tions o6 s$&6$ric !cid !nd &ithi$m hydro.ide !re mi.ed5
A+ H
+
+ OH
'
H2O
2") itric !cid is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 tetr!!mminec!dmi$m(::) ion5
A+, L0 H
+
+ Cd(H")4
2+
Cd
2+
+ H4
+
24) 2'%$tene re!cts 4ith hydro%romic !cid5
OA CH"CHCCHCH" + H
+
+ +r
'
CH"CH+rDCH2CH"
25) Hydro*ens$&6ide is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! so&$tion o6 &e!d(::)nitr!te5
A+, D# H2S + P%
2+
H
+
+ P%S
IV
22) So&$tions o6 iron(:::)nitr!te !nd sodi$m thiocy!n!te !re com%ined5
L0/D# Fe(H2O)2
"+
+ SC
'
AFe(SC)2(H2O)B
+
or> (E) Fe(SC)"
29) Ammoni! *!s is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! s$spension o6 7inc hydro.ide5
L0 H" + 8n(OH)2 8n(H")4
2+
+ OH
'
2,) S$&6$r dio.ide *!s is %$%%&ed thro$*h !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 pot!ssi$m
perm!n*!n!te5
#O SO2 + H
+
+ /nO4
'
SO4
2'
+ /n
2+
+ H2O
2<) A&$min$m is !dded to e.cess sodi$m hydro.ide so&$tion5
#O, L0 A& + OH
'
A&(OH)2
"'
+ H2
90) A so&$tion o6 tin(::)nitr!te is !dded to !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 pot!ssi$m
dichrom!te5
#O Sn
2+
+ H
+
+ Cr2O9
2'
Sn
4+
+ Cr
"+
+ H2O
V
9-) 0=$!& ;o&$mes o6 e=$imo&!r so&$tions o6 sodi$m hydro.ide !nd sodi$m
dihydro*enphosph!te !re mi.ed5
A+ OH
'
+ H2PO4
'
HPO4
2'
+ H2O
92) 0.cess sodi$m hydro.ide is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 c!&ci$m hydro*enc!r%on!te5
A+, D# OH
'
+ HCO"
'
+ C!
2+
H2O + C!CO"
9") Acety&ene (ethyne) re!cts 4ith !n !n e.cess o6 ch&orine5
OA HCCH + C&2 CHC&2DCHC&2
94) So&id si&;er nitr!te is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m chrom!te5
D# A*O" + CrO4
2'
A*2CrO4 + O"
'
95) An e.cess o6 so&id pot!ssi$m hydro.ide is !dded to ! s$spension o6 7inc
hydro.ide5
L0 @OH + 8n(OH)2 @
+
+ 8n(OH)4
2'
VI
92) +en7ene re!cts 4ith %romine5
OS C2H2 + +r2 C2H5+r + H+r
99) A direct e&ectric c$rrent is p!ssed thro$*h ! di&$te so&$tion o6 s$&6$ric !cid5
#O H2O H2 + O2
9,) Ammoni! !nd o.y*en !re he!ted in the presence o6 ! c!t!&yst5
#O H" + O2 O + H2O
9<) Li=$id %romine is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m iodide5
AS +r2 + :
'
+r
'
+ :2
,0) Di&$te hydroch&oric !cid is !dded to so&id c!&ci$m o.ide5
A+ H
+
+ C!O C!
2+
+ H2O
VII
,-) Sodi$m hydride is !dded to 4!ter5
A+ !H + H2O !
+
+ OH
'
+ H2
,2) Propene re!cts 4ith 4!ter in the presence o6 ! c!t!&yst5
OA CH2CCHCH" + H2O CH"DCH(OH)DCH"
,") So&$tions o6 %!ri$m hydro.ide !nd iron(:::)s$&6!te !re com%ined5
D# +!
2+
+ OH
'
+ Fe
"+
+ SO4
2'
+!SO4 + Fe(OH)"
,4) Ammoni! *!s is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! so&$tion o6 copper(::)nitr!te5
L0 H" + C$
2+
C$(H")4
2+
,5) Le!d is !dded to ! di&$te so&$tion o6 s$&6$ric !cid5
CS, D# P% + H
+
+ SO4
2'
P%SO4 + H2
VIII
,2) Le!d is !dded to ! hot so&$tion o6 concentr!ted s$&6$ric !cid5
#O, D# P% + H
+
+ SO4
2'
P%SO4 + SO2 + H2O
,9) C!&ci$m o.ide is e.posed to !n !tmosphere o6 c!r%on dio.ide5
SY C!O + CO2 C!CO"
,,) itro*en(:::)o.ide is %$%%&ed thro$*h 4!ter5
A+ 2O" + H2O H
+
+ O2
'
,<) So&id sodi$m hydro*enc!r%on!te is !dded to 4!ter5
A+ !HCO" + H2O !
+
+ CO2 + OH
'
<0) So&id sodi$m hydro.ide !nd so&id !mmoni$m ch&oride !re mi.ed !nd he!ted5
A+ !OH + H4C& !C& + H" + H2O
I
<-) /ethy& iodide is he!ted 4ith ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m hydro.ide5
OS CH": + OH
'
CH"OH +:
'
<2) +!ri$m hydro.ide !nd !mmoni$m s$&6!te !re mi.ed !nd he!ted5
D#, A+ +!
2+
+ OH
'
+ H4
+
+ SO4
2'
+!SO4 + H" + H2O
<") A so&$tion o6 sodi$m o.!&!te is !dded to !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 pot!ssi$m
perm!n*!n!te5
#O
'
OOCDCOO
'
+ H
+
+ /nO4
'
CO2 + /n
2+
+ H2O
<4) 0=$!& ;o&$mes o6 e=$imo&!r hydroch&oric !cid !re !dded to ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m
hydro*enphosph!te5
A+ H
+
+ HPO4
2'
H2PO4
'
<5) 0th!no& %$rns in !ir5
CO CH"CH2OH + O2 CO2 + H2O

<2) A strip o6 m!*nesi$m is p$t in ! so&$tion o6 iron(:::)nitr!te5
CS/#O /* + Fe
"+
/*
2+
+ Fe
2+
<9) Hydro*en pero.ide is he!ted5
DC H2O2 H2O + O2
<,) :ron 6i&in*s !re sprin1&ed into ! so&$tion o6 iron(:::)ch&oride5
#O Fe + Fe
"+
Fe
2+
<<) Ch&orine is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m %romide5
AS C&2 + +r
'
C&
'
+ +r2
-00) So&id &ithi$m o.ide is !dded to 4!ter5
A+ Li2O + H2O Li
+
+ OH
'
I
-0-) /eth!ne re!cts 4ith !n e.cess o6 ch&orine *!s5
OS CH4 + C&2 CC&4 + HC&
-02) Hydro*en s$&6ide *!s is %$%%&ed into e.cess sodi$m hydro.ide so&$tion5
A+ H2S + OH
'
S
2'
+ H2O
-0") So&$tions o6 !mmoni! !nd c!r%on dio.ide !re mi.ed5
A+/SY H" + CO2 + H2O H4
+
+ CO"
2'
-04) So&id copper(::)s$&6ide is !dded to ! di&$te so&$tion o6 nitric !cid5
A+ C$S + H
+
C$
2+
+ H2S
-05) 8inc is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 copper(::)s$&6!te5
CS 8n + C$
2+
8n
2+
+ C$
II
-02) So&$tions o6 pot!ssi$m hydro.ide !nd !mmoni$m s$&6!te !re mi.ed5
A+ OH
'
+ H4
+
H" + H2O
-09) 0th!no& re!cts 4ith meth!noic !cid5
0S, DH CH"CH2OH + HCOOH HCOOCH2CH" + H2O
-0,) Di&$te s$&6$ric !cid is !dded to so&id c!&ci$m 6&$oride5
A+, D# H
+
+ SO4
2'
+ C!F2 HF + C!SO4
-0<) An e&ectric c$rrent is p!ssed thro$*h ! so&$tion o6 copper(::)s$&6!te5
#O C$
2+
+ OH
'
C$ + O2 + H
+
--0) So&id sodi$m 6&$oride is mi.ed 4ith di&$te hydroch&oric !cid5
A+ !F + H
+
!
+
+ HF
III
---) Formic (meth!noic) !cid is re!cted 4ith !cidi6ied pot!ssi$m dichrom!te5
#O HCOOH + H
+
+ Cr2O9
2'
CO2 + Cr
"+
+ H2O
--2) S$&6$r dio.ide *!s is p!ssed o;er so&id c!&ci$m o.ide5
SY SO2 + C!O C!SO"
--") 0thene re!cts 4ith &i=$id %romine5
OA CH2CCH2 + +r2 CH2+rDCH2+r
--4) Hydroch&oric !cid is *i;en to ! so&$tion o6 o6 dimerc$ry(:)nitr!te5
D# C&
'
+ H*2
2+
H*2C&2
--5) Concentr!ted hydro%romic !cid is he!ted 4ith m!n*!nese dio.ide5
#O H
+
+ +r
'
+ /nO2 +r2 + /n
2+
+ H2O
IV
--2) +romine is !dded to ! di&$te so&$tion o6 sodi$m hydro.ide5
#O, A+ +r2 + OH
'
+r
'
+ O+r
'
+ H2O
--9) Acetic !cid is !dded to ! so&id sodi$m hydro*enc!r%on!te5
A+, DC CH"COOH + !HCO" !
+
+ CH"COO
'
+ CO2 + H2O
--,) So&$tions o6 sodi$m s$&6ide !nd 7inc nitr!te !re com%ined5
D# S
2'
+ 8n
2+
8nS
--<) A %!sic so&$tion o6 pot!ssi$m perm!n*!n!te is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m
s$&6ite5
#O OH
'
+ /nO4
'
+ SO"
2'
/nO2 + H2O + SO4
2'
-20) S$&6$ric !cid is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 &ithi$m hydro*enc!r%on!te5
A+, DC H
+
+ HCO"
'
H2O + CO2
V
-2-) Hydro*en s$&6ide *!s is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! so&$tion o6 nic1e&(::)nitr!te5
A+, D# H2S + i
2+
iS + H
+
-22) Copper is !dded to di&$te nitric !cid5
#O C$ + H
+
+ O"
'
C$
2+
+ O + H2O
-2") Le!d is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 si&;er nitr!te5
CS P% + A*
+
P%
2+
+ A*
-24) +orontri6&$oride !nd !mmoni! *!s !re mi.ed5
(!ddition) +F" + H" F"+DH"
-25) Prop!no& com%$sts in !ir5
CO CH"CH2CH2OH + O2 CO2 + H2O
VI
-22) A so&$tion o6 %!ri$m ch&oride is !dded to so&id si&;er nitr!te5
D# C&
'
+ A*O" A*C& + O"
'
-29) Hydro*en *!s is p!ssed o;er hot iron(:::)o.ide5
CS H2 + Fe2O" H2O + Fe
-2,) Hydro*en pero.ide is mi.ed 4ith !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 sodi$m %romide5
#O H2O2 + H
+
+ +r
'
H2O + +r2
-2<) Phosphor$so.ytrich&oride is !dded to !n e.cess o6 pot!ssi$m hydro.ide so&$tion5
HY POC&" + OH
'
PO4
"'
+ C&
'
+ H2O
-"0) #$%idi$m is !dded to 4!ter5
#O #% + H2O #%
+
+ OH
'
+ H2
VII
-"-) So&$tions o6 iron(:::)s$&6!te !nd tin(::)ch&oride !re mi.ed5
#O Fe
"+
+ Sn
2+
Fe
2+
+ Sn
4+
-"2) An e.cess o6 &!$ric !cid CH"(CH2)-0COOH re!cts 4ith *&ycero&5
0S, DH CH"(CH2)-0COOH + C"H5(OH)" C"H5AOOC(CH2)-0CH"B" + H2O
-"") So&id sodi$m s$&6ite is !dded to !n !cidi6ied so&$tion o6 sodi$m perm!n*!n!te5
#O !2SO" + H
+
+ /nO4
'
!
+
+ SO4
2'
+ /n
2+
-"4) Sodi$m s$&6ite so&$tion is !dded to hydroch&oric !cid5
A+, DC SO"
2'
+ H
+
H2O + SO2
-"5) So&id %!ri$m meth!no!te is !dded to di&$te nitric !cid5
A+ +!(CH"O)2 + H
+
+!
2+
+ CH"OH
VIII
-"2) Lithi$m re!cts 4ith nitro*en5
SY Li + 2 Li"
-"9) :ron 6i&in*s !re %oi&ed 4ith ! so&$tion o6 iron(:::)nitr!te5
#O Fe + Fe
"+
Fe
2+
-",) F!ter is !dded to so&id sodi$m o.ide5
A+ H2O + !2O !
+
+ OH
'
-"<) F!ter is !dded to so&id sodi$m pero.ide5
A+ H2O + !2O2 !
+
+ OH
'
+ H2O2
-40) Ch&orine *!s is %$%%&ed thro$*h ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m iodide5
AS C&2 + :
'
C&
'
+ :2
I
-4-) Ammoni! is %$%%&ed thro$*h di&$te !cetic !cid5
A+ CH"COOH + H" CH"COO
'
+ H4
+
-42) -'Pentene re!cts 4ith hydro*en in the presence o6 ! c!t!&yst5
OA CH2CCHCH2CH2CH" + H2 CH"CH2CH2CH2CH"
-4") /!*nesi$m o.ide is e.posed to s$&6$r trio.ide *!s5
A+ /*O + SO" /*SO4
-44) C!&ci$m is p$t in 4!ter5
#O C! + H2O C!
2+
+ OH
'
+ H2
-45) Si&;er is dropped into ! concentr!ted so&$tion o6 nitric !cid5
#O A* + H
+
+ O"
'
A*
+
+ O + H2O

-42) 0=$!& ;o&mes o6 e=$imo&!r so&$tions o6 pot!ssi$m hydro.ide !nd sodi$m
dihydro*enphosp!te !re mi.ed5
A+ OH
'
+ H2PO4
'
HPO4
2'
+ H2O
-49) 0.cess di&$te hydroch&oric !cid is !dded to ! so&$tion o6 sodi$m phosph!te5
A+ H
+
+ PO4
"'
H"PO4
-4,) So&$tions o6 si&;er nitr!te !nd &ithi$m %romide !re com%ined5
D# A*
+
+ +r
'
A*+r
-4<) C!r%on dis$&6ide is %$rned in !n e.cess o6 6&$orine5
#O CS2 + F2 CF4 + SF2
-50) +$ty& eth!no!te is %oi&ed 4ith pot!ssi$m hydro.ide5
0S, HY CH"COOCH2CH2CH2CH" + OH
'
CH"COO
'
+ CH"CH2CH2CH2OH