Javascript-New and Easy - by Javascript

JavaScript
1
Gio trnh JavaScript
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chng 1 Li ni u.................................................................................................... 4
Chng 2 Nhp mn JavaScript..................................................................................... 5
2.1.Nhng JavaScript vo fle HTML.....................................................................5
2.3. Th <NScript! v <"NS#$%&T!.................................................................'
2.3. Hi(n th) *+t ,-ng te.t................................................................................/
2.0. 1iao ti2p v3i ng4i 56 ,7ng.............................................................................8
2.5. 9i(* l:i c;c l<nh v *= r+ng......................................................................12
Chng 3 i!n tr"ng JavaScript...................................................................................13
3.1. >i2n v ph?n lo:% @i2n...............................................................................13
3.2. >i(A ,iBn tC tD trong JavaScript..................................................................13
3.3. Ei(A ,F li<A............................................................................................... 13
1.1.1. E%(A ngAGHn I%ntergerJ.........................................................................10
1.1.2. Ei(A ,KA phLG M+ng INloating &ointJ...................................................10
1.1.3. Ei(A logic I>ooleanJ.............................................................................15
1.1.0. Ei(A chAOi IStringJ...............................................................................15
2. Xy dng cc biu thc trong JavaScript........................................16
#nh ngh$a v% ph&n '"() *i+u th,c..........................................................................1-
C.c t".n t/ 0"p1rat"r2................................................................................................. 1-
2.1.1. 1;n....................................................................................................... 1'
2.1.2. So 5;nh................................................................................................. 1'
2.1.3. SD hPc.................................................................................................. 1/
2.1.0. #hAOi.................................................................................................... 1/
2.1.5. Logic..................................................................................................... 1/
2.1.'. >itQi5e................................................................................................. 1R
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2.1./. #?A hSi................................................................................................ 18
2.1.R. TrT l4i................................................................................................... 18
. !c "#nh........................................................................................2$
C&u '4nh i5u 6i4n.................................................................................................. 27
C&u '4nh '8p............................................................................................................ 21
3.1.1. U-ng lVp Wor........................................................................................ 21
3.1.2. Qhile..................................................................................................... 22
3.1.3. >reaX.................................................................................................... 22
3.1.0. continAe............................................................................................... 22
C.c c&u '4nh tha" t.c tr9n :i t;ng...........................................................................23
Ehoa Toan tinY 9:i hPc ZADc gia H N+i
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3.1.5. Wor...in................................................................................................... 23
3.1.'. neQ...................................................................................................... 20
3.1./. thi5....................................................................................................... 2'
3.1.R. Qith...................................................................................................... 2'
C.c h%m 0<uncti"n=2................................................................................................... 2>
C.c h%m c =?n......................................................................................................... 23
3.1.8. eval...................................................................................................... 28
3.1.1[. par5e%nt................................................................................................ 3[
3.1.11. par5eNloat............................................................................................ 31
@Ang 0BrraC2.............................................................................................................. 32
SD 6i4n....................................................................................................................... 34
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3.1.12. #?A hSi................................................................................................ 3/
3.1.13. TrT l4i................................................................................................... 38
%. !c &'i t(ng trong JavaScript..........................................................%2
E:i t;ng navigat"r........................................................................................................ 44
E:i t;ng FinG"F........................................................................................................... 45
0.1.1. #;c thA+c t\nh..................................................................................... 05
0.1.2. #;c ph]ng th^c....................................................................................0'
0.1.3. #;c ch]ng tr_nh .6 l` 5a Xi<n.............................................................0/
E:i t;ng '"cati"n.......................................................................................................... 4>
E:i t;ng Hram1............................................................................................................. 4I
0.1.0. #;c thA+c t\nh..................................................................................... 0R
0.1.5. #;c ph]ng th^c....................................................................................0R
0.1.'. S6 ,7ng Nra*e..................................................................................... 0R
E:i t;ng G"cum1nt....................................................................................................... 57
0.1./. #;c thA+c t\nh..................................................................................... 51
0.1.R. #;c ph]ng th^c....................................................................................51
E:i t;ng anch"r=.......................................................................................................... 51
E:i t;ng H"rm=.............................................................................................................. 52
0.1.8. #;c thA+c t\nh..................................................................................... 52
0.1.1[. #;c ph]ng th^c....................................................................................52
0.1.11. #;c ch]ng tr_nh .6 l` 5a Xi<n.............................................................52
E:i t;ng hi=t"rC............................................................................................................ 53
0.1.12. #;c thA+c t\nh..................................................................................... 53
0.1.13. #;c ph]ng th^c....................................................................................53
E:i t;ng 'in6=............................................................................................................... 53
0.1.10. #;c thA+c t\nh..................................................................................... 53
0.1.15. #;c ch]ng tr_nh .6 l` 5a Xi<n.............................................................50
JavaScript
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E:i t;ng @ath............................................................................................................... 54
0.1.1'. #;c thA+c t\nh..................................................................................... 50
0.1.1/. #;c ph]ng th^c....................................................................................50
E:i t;ng Jat1............................................................................................................... 55
0.1.1R. #;c ph]ng th^c....................................................................................55
E:i t;ng String............................................................................................................. 5-
0.1.18. #;c ph]ng th^c....................................................................................5'
C.c phn t/ cKa :i t;ng <"rm...................................................................................5>
0.1.2[. ThA+c t\nh tGpe...................................................................................5R
0.1.21. &hbn t6 @Atton..................................................................................... 5R
0.1.22. &hbn t6 checX@o..................................................................................58
0.1.23. &hbn t6 Nile cploa,..............................................................................'1
0.1.20. &hbn t6 hi,,en..................................................................................... '1
0.1.25. &hbn t6 &a55Qor,.................................................................................'1
0.1.2'. &hbn t6 ra,io........................................................................................ '2
0.1.2/. &hbn t6 re5et........................................................................................ '0
0.1.2R. &hbn t6 5elect...................................................................................... '0
). *+ hnh &'i t(ng ,-b./ct *od/"0....................................................1%
E:i t;ng v% thuLc tMnh................................................................................................. >4
N(" c.c :i t;ng mOi.................................................................................................... >5
5.1.1. S6 ,7ng Xh=i t:o MDi tdng...................................................................../5
5.1.2. S6 ,7ng *+t h* .?G ,angI#on5trActor NAnctionJ............................./'
5.1.3. Lep *7c l7c cho c;c thA+c t\nh cfa MDi tdng.......................................//
5.1.0. 9)nh nghga thH* c;c thA+c t\nh cho *+t Xi(A MDi tdng....................../R
5.1.5. 9)nh nghga c;c c;ch th^c..................................................................../R
5.1.'. S6 ,7ng cho c;c tha* chi2A MDi tdng I@hect $eWerence5J................../8
5.1./. io; MDi tdng......................................................................................... /8
6. 23ng t4ng 56t cc t7 5ho.............................................................8$
1. 94ng 56t......................................................................................81
JavaScript
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ch:ng 1 ;<i n=i &>u
U3i HTML an, Micro5oWt Nront&age @:n Mj @i2t c;ch t:o ra trang ke@ l
tAG nhiHn chm *3i = *^c @i(A ,iBn thnng tin ch^ cha phTi l c;c trang
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hai ngnn ngF riHng @i<t.
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ke@.
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TAG veG JavaScript Xhnng l ngnn ngF h3ng MDi tdng nh #xx haG Java
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trd JavaScript. Ngoi ra JavaScript giDng Java = Xh\a c:nh an ninh{
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JavaScript
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!h:ng 2 ?h@p A+n JavaScript
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on#licX l iTG ra Xhi ng4i 56 ,7ng nhKn vo linX.
onMoA5ever l iTG ra Xhi con chA+t ,i chAG(n vAa linX.
JavaScript
58
f'i t(ng *ath
9Di tdng Math l MDi tdng n+i t:i trong JavaScript. #;c thA+c t\nh cfa MDi
tdng nG châ nhiwA h}ng 5D to;n hPcY c;c h* to;n hPcY ldng gi;c phr
@i2n. 9Di tdng Math Xhnng co ch]ng tr_nh .6 l` 5a Xi<n.
Ui<c tha* chi2A t3i numbCr trong c;c ph]ng th^c co th( l 5D haG c;c
@i(A th^c Mdc Mn;h gi; l 5D hdp l<.
%.1.16. !c thuVc tnh
l H}ng 5D AlerY XhoTng 2Y/1R.
LN2 l logarit ta nhiHn cfa 2Y XhoTng [Y'83.
LN1[ l logarit ta nhiHn cfa 1[Y XhoTng 2Y3[2.
L12 l logarit c] 5D 2 cfa eY XhoTng 1Y002.
&% l 1i; tr) cfa Y XhoTng 3Y10158.
SZ$T12 l #pn @ec 2 cfa [Y5Y XhoTng [Y/[/.
SZ$T2 l #pn @ec 2 cfa 2Y XhoTng 1Y010.
%.1.11. !c ph:ng thc
Math.a@5 Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i gi; tr) tAG<t MDi cfa num*1r.
Math.aco5 Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i gi; tr) arc co5ine Itheo ra,ianJ
cfa num*1r. 1i; tr) cfa num*1r phTi np*g giFa l1 v 1.
Math.a5in Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i gi; tr) arc 5ine Itheo ra,ianJ cfa
num*1r. 1i; tr) cfa num*1r phTi np*g giFa l1 v 1.
Math.atan Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i gi; tr) arc tan Itheo ra,ianJ cfa
num*1r.
Math.ceil Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i 5D ngAGHn nhS nhKt l3n h]n hoVc
@}ng num*1r.
Math.co5 Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i gi; tr) co5ine cfa num*1r.
Math.e.p Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i gi; tr) e num*1rY v3i e l h}ng 5D
Aler.
Math.oor Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i 5D ngAGHn l3n nhKt nhS h]n hoVc
@}ng num*1r.
Math.log Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i logarit ta nhiHn cfa num*1r.
Math.*a. Inum1^num2J l TrT l:i gi; tr) l3n nhKt giFa nA*1 v
nA*2
Math.*in Inum1^num2J l TrT l:i gi; tr) nhS nhKt giFa nA*1 v
nA*2.
JavaScript
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Math.po5 I*a=1^1gp"n1ntJ l TrT l:i gi; tr) @a5e lA thCa
e.ponent.
Math.ran,o* IrJ l TrT l:i *+t 5D ngtA nhiHn giFa [ v 1.
&hQong th^c nG chm thac hi<n Mdc trHn nwn tTng cN%i.
Math.roAn, Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i gi; tr) cfa num*1r l* tr-n t3i 5D
ngAGHn gbn nhKt.
Math.5in Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i 5in cfa num*1r.
Math.5vrt Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i cpn @ec 2 cfa num*1r.
Math.tan Inum*1rJ l TrT l:i tag cfa num*1r.
f'i t(ng at/
9Di tdng ate l MDi tdng co 5n trong JavaScript. No cAng cKp
nhiwA ph]ng th^c co \ch M( .6 l` vw th4i gian v ngG th;ng. 9Di tdng
ate Xhnng co thA+c t\nh v ch]ng tr_nh .6 l` 5a Xi<n.
&hbn l3n c;c ph]ng th^c ,ate MwA co *+t MDi tdng ate Mi cqng. #;c
ph]ng th^c gi3i thi<A trong phbn nG 56 ,7ng MDi tdng ate ,ateUarY
v\ ,7{
,ateUar neQ ate IAgA5t 1'Y 188' 2[{05{[0J
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Gat1Zar.getateIJ l TrT l:i ngG trong th;ng I1l31J cho
Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.getaGIJ l TrT l:i ngG trong tAbn I[chf
nhetY...'th^ @TGJ cho Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.getHoAr5IJ l TrT l:i gi4 I[l23J cho Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.getMinAte5IJ l TrT l:i pht I[l58J cho Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.getSecon,5IJ l TrT l:i gi?G I[l58J cho Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.getTi*eIJ l TrT l:i 5D ldng c;c *ili gi?G tC [[{[[{[[
ngG 1"1"18/[.
Gat1Zar.getTi*eone5etIJ l TrT l:i M+ ,)ch chAG(n@}ng
pht cfa gi4 M)a ph]ng hi<n t:i 5o v3i gi4 vADc t2 1MT.
Gat1Zar.getearIJlTrT l:i np* cho ,ateUar.
ate.par5e IGat1StrJ l &h?n t\ch chAOi Gat1Str v trT l:i 5D ll
dng c;c *ili gi?G t\nh tC [[{[[{[[ ngG [1"[1"18/[.
Gat1Zar.TetaGIGaCJ l 9Vt ngG trong th;ng l GaC cho
Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.TetHoAr5Ih"ur=J l 9Vt gi4 l h"ur= cho Gat1Zar.
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Gat1Zar.TetMinAte5Iminut1=J l 9Vt pht l minut1= cho
Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.TetMonth5Im"nth=J l 9Vt th;ng l m"nth= cho
Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.TetSecon,5I=1c"nG=J l 9Vt gi?G l 51c"nG= cho
Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.TetTi*eIva'u1J l 9Vt th4i gian l valAeY trong Mo
valAe @i(A ,iBn 5D ldng *ili gi?G tC [[{[[{[[ ngG
[1"[1"1[8/[.
Gat1Zar.TetearIC1ar=J l 9Vt np* l C1ar= cho Gat1Zar.
Gat1Zar.to1MTStringIJ l TrT l:i chAOi @i(A ,iBn ,ateUar ,3i ,:ng
1MT.
Gat1Zar.toLocaleStringIJlTrT l:i chAOi @i(A ,iBn ,ateUar theo
XhA vac th4i gian hi<n th4i.
ate.cT# IGearY *onthY ,aG YhoAr5 Y*inAte5 Y5econ,5J l
TrT l:i 5D ldng *ili gi?G tC [[{[[{[[ [1"[1"18/[ 1MT.
f'i t(ng String
9Di tdng String l MDi tdng Mdc .?G ,ang n+i t:i trong JavaScript cAng
cKp nhiwA ph]ng th^c thao t;c trHn chAOi. 9Di tdng nG co thA+c t\nh
,AG nhKt l M+ ,i IlengthJ v Xhnng co ch]ng tr_nh .6 l` 5a Xi<n.
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5tr.anchor Ina*eJ l 9dc 56 ,7ng M( t:o ra th <! I*+t c;ch
M+ngJ. Tha* 5D na*e l thA+c t\nh NM cfa th <!.
5tr.@igIJ l E2t vAT giDng nh th <>%1! trHn chAOi =tr.
5tr.@linXIJ l E2t vAT giDng nh th <>L%NE! trHn chAOi =tr.
5tr.@ol,IJ l E2t vAT giDng nh th <>L! trHn chAOi =tr.
5tr.chartIaJ l TrT l:i X` ta th^ a trong chAOi =tr.
5tr.f.e,IJ l E2t vAT giDng nh th <TT! trHn chAOi =tr.
5tr.WontcolorIJ l E2t vAT giDng nh th <NNT#L$ c"'"r!.
5tr.Wont5ieI=ir1J l E2t vAT giDng nh th <NNTS% =ir1!.
5tr.in,e.[WI5rchStr Yin,e.J l TrT l:i v) tr\ trong chAOi =tr v)
tr\ .AKt hi<n MbA tiHn cfa chAOi =rchStr. #hAOi =tr Mdc t_* tC
tr;i 5ang phTi. Tha* 5D inG1g co th( Mdc 56 ,7ng M( .;c
M)nh v) tr\ @ut MbA t_* Xi2* trong chAOi.
5tr.italic5IJ l E2t vAT giDng nh th <%! trHn chAOi =tr.
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5tr.la5t%n,e.[WI5rchStr Yin,e.J l TrT l:i v) tr\ trong chAOi =tr
v) tr\ .AKt hi<n cADi cqng cfa chAOi =rchStr. #hAOi =tr Mdc t_*
tC phTi 5ang tr;i. Tha* 5D inG1g co th( Mdc 56 ,7ng M( .;c
M)nh v) tr\ @ut MbA t_* Xi2* trong chAOi.
5tr.linXIhreWJ l 9dc 56 ,7ng M( t:o ra *+t X2t nDi HTML M+ng
cho chhAOi =tr. Tha* 5D hr1H l c$L M\ch cfa liHn X2t.
5tr.5*allIJ l E2t vAT giDng nh th <SMLL! trHn chAOi =tr.
5tr.5triXeIJ l E2t vAT giDng nh th <ST$%E! trHn chAOi =tr.
5tr.5A@IJ l T:o ra *+t 5A@5cript cho chAOi =trY giDng th
<Sc>!.
5tr.5A@5tringIaY@J l TrT l:i chAOi con cfa =tr l c;c X` ta tC v)
tr\ th^ a t3i v) tr\ th^ @. #;c X` ta Mdc M2* tC tr;i 5ang phTi
@ut MbA tC [.
5tr.5ApIJ l T:o ra 5Aper5cript cho chAOi =trY giDng th <Sc&!.
5tr.toLoQer#a5eIJ l 9ri chAOi =tr thnh chF th4ng.
5tr.tocpper#a5eIJ l 9ri chAOi =tr thnh chF hoa.
!c ph>n tF cRa &'i t(ng qorA
Nor* Mdc t:o @=i c;c phbn t6 cho phyp ng4i 56 ,7ng Ma thnng tin vo.
Ehi MoY n+i ,Ang IhoVc gi; tr)J cfa c;c phbn t6 5| Mdc chAG(n M2n
*+t ch]ng tr_nh trHn 5erver vAa *+t giao ,i<n Mdc gPi l #o**on
1ateQaG %nterWaceI1iao ti2p vAa *+t crng chAngJ gPi tut l #1%
S6 ,7ng JavaScript @:n co th( vi2t nhFng Mo:n 5cript5 chn vo HTML
cfa @:n M( l* vi<c v3i c;c phbn t6 cfa Wor* v c;c gi; tr) cfa chng.
VWng XI Cc ,h!n t" cYa Dorm
Kh>n tF *+ t3
@Atton
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checX@o. M+t checX@o. I<%N&cT T&checX@o.!J
Nilecploa,
L *+t phbn t6 tTi fle lHn cho phyp ng4i 56 ,7ng g6i lHn
*+t fle I<%N&cT T&fle!J
hi,,en M+t tr4ng Ln I<%N&cT T&hi,,en!J
pa55Qor,
M+t tr4ng te.t M( nhep *et XhLA * tKt cT c;c X` ta
nhep vo MwA hi(n th) l ,KA IJI<%N&cT
T&pa55Qor,!J
ra,io M+t nt @K* I<%N&cT T&ra,io!J
re5et M+t nt re5etI<%N&cT T&re5et!J
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M+t ,anh 5;ch laa chPn
I<SL#T!<&T%N!option1<"&T%N!
<&T%N!option2<"&T%N!<"SL#T!J
5A@*it M+t nt 5A@*it I<%N&cT T&5A@*it!J
te.t M+t tr4ng te.t I<%N&cT T&te.t!J
te.trea
M+t tr4ng te.t cho phyp nhep vp nhiwA ,-ng
<TiT$!,eWaAlt te.t<"TiT$!J
MOi phbn t6 co th( Mdc MVt tHn M( JavaScript trAG nhep M2n chng
vAa tHn
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Trong *Oi phbn t6 cfa Wor* MwA co thA+c t\nh tGpeY Mo l *+t .?A
chm M)nh r Xi(A cfa phbn t6 Mdc Ma vo nh nt @K*Y *+t tr4ng te.t
haG *+t checX@o....
i?A Mo co th( l *+t trong c;c gi; tr) 5aA{
Te.t fel,{ te.t
$a,io @Atton{ ra,io
#hecX@o.{ checX@o.
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>Atton{ @Atton
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re5et @=i v) ,F li<A trong Wor* phTi Mdc g6i t3i *+t vi M)a chm c$L
Ith4ng l #1%l>%N 5criptJ M( .6 l` v lA trF.
M+t phbn t6 @Atton Mdc chm M)nh r Xhi 56 ,7ng th %N&cT{
OJ?Kj9 9Kk^YbuttonY ?i*k^YnaA/Y {i;jk^ Ybutton?aA/YQ
Trong th %N&cTY na*e l tHn cfa @AttonY thA+c t\nh ULc co châ
nhjn cfa @Atton 5| Mdc hi(n th) trHn Navigator cfa @roQ5er.
#hm co *+t th 5a Xi<n ,AG nhKt MDi v3i @Atton l on!"ic5. E2t hdp v3i
no l c;ch th^c ,AG nhKt c"ic5.&hbn t6 @Attton co XhT npng *= r+ng
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cho phyp ng4i lep tr_nh JavaScript co th( vi2t Mdc *+t Mo:n *j l<nh
JavaScript M( thac thi vi<c thH* vo *+t nt @K* trong *+t 5cript.
Trong v\ ,7 5aAY thaG v_ 56 ,7ng on#hangeY @:n co th( chmnh 56a
5cript M( M)nh gi; @i(A th^c Xhi @Atton Mdc @K*.
U\ ,7{ 9)nh gi; *+t Wor* 56 ,7ng phbn t6 @Atton.
<HTML!
<H!
<T%TL!@Atton .a*ple<"T%TL!
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Wor*.re5Alt5.valAe evalIWor*.entrG.valAeJ

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<"H!
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#;c phbn t6 checX@o. co XhT npng @et tut ,qng M( chPn hoVc Xhnng
chPn *+t thnng tin. #;c checX@o. co nhiwA thA+c t\nh v c;ch th^c
h]n @Atton. >Tng ,3i M?G l ,anh 5;ch c;c thA+c t\nh v c;c c;ch th^c
cfa phbn t6 checX@o..
>Tng . #;c thA+c t\nh v c;ch th^c cfa phbn t6 checX@o..
#;ch th^c v
thA+c t\nh
Mn tT
checXe,
#ho @i2t tr:ng th;i hi<n th4i cfa checX@o. IthA+c
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t\nhJ
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t\nhJ
na*e #ho @i2t tHn cfa phbn t6 Mdc chm M)nh trong th
%N&cT IthA+c t\nhJ
valAe #ho @i2t gi; tr) hi<n th4i cfa phbn t6 Mdc chm
M)nh trong th %N&cT IthA+c t\nhJ
clicXIJ Mn tT *+t clicX vo checX@o. I#;ch th^cJ
&hbn t6 checX@o. chm co *+t th 5a Xi<n l on#licX
U\ ,7{ T:o h+p checX@o. M( nhep vo *+t 5D rsi laa chPn t\nh nh?n
Mni v @_nh ph]ng{
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thA+c t\nh checXe, l *+t gi; tr) Xi(A >oolean co th( ,qng l* MiwA
Xi<n trong c?A l<nh iW...el5e
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dc checXY ch]ng tr_nh 5| lKG gi; tr) cfa noY n2A XhnngY *+t thac thi Ml
dc *Vc M)nh 5| nh?n Mni gi; tr) cfa no. Th 5a Xi<n on#licX trong
checX@o. Mdc M)nh nghga{
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thi5.na*eJ! J
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to;n l:i.
9( t:o ra 5a *= r+ng cho checX@o.. @:n co th( thaG Mri h*
calcAlateIJ nh 5aA{
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&hbn t6 nG cAng cKp cho Wor* *+t c;ch M( ng4i 56 ,7ng co th( chm
r *+t fle Ma vo Wor* .6 l`. &hbn t6 fle cploa, Mdc chm M)nh r
trong JavaScript @}ng MDi tdng qi"/jp"oad.
9Di tdng chm co hai thA+c t\nh l naA/ v va"u/Y cT hai MwA l gi; tr)
.?A nh c;c MDi tdng Xh;c. Ehnng co c;ch th^c haG th fle cho MDi tdng
nG.
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&hbn t6 hi,,en l phbn t6 ,AG nhKt trong 5D tKt cT c;c phbn t6 cfa
Wor* Xhnng Mdc hi(n th) trHn ke@ @roQ5er. Tr4ng hi,,en co th( 56
,7ng M( lA c;c gi; tr) cbn thi2t M( g6i t3i 5erver 5ong 5ong v3i 5a .AKt
ra tC Wor* IWor* 5A@*i55ionJ nhng no Xhnng Mdc hi(n th) trHn trang.
MPi ng4i co th( 56 ,7ng trong JavaScript M( lA c;c gi; tr) trong 5ADt
*+t 5cript v M( t\nh to;n Xhnng cbn Wor*.
9Di tdng hi,,en chm co hai thA+c t\nh l naA/ v va"u/Y Mo cng l
nhFng gi; tr) .?A giDng c;c MDi tdng Xh;c. Ehnng co c;ch th^c haG th
5a Xi<n no cho MDi tdng nG.
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9Di tdng &a55Qor, l MDi tdng ,AG nhKt trong c;c MDi tdng cfa Wor* *
Xhi g @Kt Xz X` ta no vo cng MwA hi(n th) ,KA 5aoIJ. No cho
phyp Ma vo nhFng thnng tin @\ *et nh Mpng X` *et XhLA...
9Di tdng &a55Qor, co 3 thA+c t\nh giDng tr4ng te.t l{ ,eWaAltUalAeY
na*e v valAe. Ehnng giDng v3i hai phbn t6 = trHnY tr4ng &a55Qor, co
nhiwA c;ch th^c h]nIWocA5IJY @lArIJY an, 5electIJ J v t]ng ^ng v3i c;c
th 5a Xi<n{ onNocA5Y on>lArY an, onSelect.
&hbn nG 5| Mdc noi X h]n trong MDi tdng te.t.
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9Di tdng ra,io gbn giDng 5a @et tut checX@o. Xhi co hai nt ra,io X2t
hdp thnh *+t nho*. Ehi nhiwA ra,io Mdc X2t hdp thnh *+t nho*Y chm
co *+t nt Mdc chPn trong @Kt Xz *+t th4i Mi(* no. U\ ,7 ,-ng l<nh
5aA t:o ra *+t nho* ra,io co @a nt tHn l te5t{
<%N&cT T&ra,io NMte5t ULc1 ch#E!1<>$!
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<%N&cT T&ra,io NMte5t ULc2!2<>$!
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Nho* c;c nt ra,io l:i @}ng c;ch MVt cho chng co cqng *+t tHn trong
c;c th %N&cT.
#o *+t vi thA+c t\nh M( Xi(* tra tr:ng th;i hi<n th4i cfa *+t nho*
nt ra,io. >Tng 5aA hi(n th) c;c thA+c t\nh v c;ch th^c cfa MDi tdng
ra,io.
>Tng . #;c thA+c t\nh v c;ch th^c cfa MDi tdng ra,io.
ThA+c t\nh v
c;ch th^c
Mn tT
checXe,
Mn tT tr:ng th;i hi<n th4i cfa phbn t6 ra,io IthA+c
t\nhJ
,eWaAlt#hecXe,
Mn tT tr:ng th;i *Vc M)nh cfa phbn t6 IthA+c
t\nhJ
in,e.
Mn tT th^ ta cfa nt ra,io Mdc chPn hi<n th4i trong
*+t nho*
length
Mn tT trng 5D nt ra,io trong *+t nho*
na*e
Mn tT tHn cfa phbn t6 Mdc chm M)nh trong th
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