STPM Trial 2012 Physics Qa Kelantan

SECTION A; Answer all the questions
1. For an object moving with uniform acceleration, the velocity v is given by the equation v
2

=p +
qx, where p and q are constants and x is a variable.What are the dimensions of the term qx?
A L B LT
-1
C LT
-2
D L
2
T

-2

2. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. The upward direction is considered the positive direction.
Assuming that air resistance is negligible, which of the following statements is correct?
A When the ball is at the highest point, its acceleration is zero
B Its velocity is negative during the upward and downward motions.
C Its acceleration is negative during the upward and downward motions.
D Its displacement from the point of projection is negative during the upward and downward
motions

3. A car of mass 1250 kg accelerates from 0 to 100 km h
-1
A 121 kW
in 4.0 s. The average power of the car
is
B 341 kW
C 484 kW
D 681 kW

4. A particle moves with constant speed in a horizontal circle. Which of the following quantities is
zero?
A Angular velocity
B Angular acceleration
C Centripetal acceleration
D Resultant force

5. A bicycle wheel of radius 0.2 m can rotate freely about a fixed axis. A constant force of 3 N is
applied tangentially to the wheel for 0.4 s. The wheel starts to rotate from rest and its moment of
inertia about the axis of rotation is 0.5 kg m
2

. What is its angular velocity after 0.4 s?
A 0.12 rad s
-1
B 0.48 rad s

-1
C 0.20 rad s

D 0.60 rad s
-1

-1

6. The figure shows a rod pivoted at point P on a smooth horizontal surface.

Two forces, each of magnitude 5.0 N acting in opposite directions, are applied at the two ends of
the rod. The resultant torque on the rod is

A 2.5 N m B 12.5 N m C 21.7 N m D 25.0 N m
http://www.chngtuition.blogspot.com
7. If the gravitational field strength at a certain area is uniform. which of the following statements is
true?

A No work is done when a mass is displaced in that area..
B The gravitational field strength is the same at all points in that area..
C The gravitational potential is the same at all points in that area.
D The gradient of the gravitational field strength is of the same magnitude as the gravitational
potential.
.

8. The graph shows the variation of the acceleration a with displacement x of a particle performing
simple harmonic motion.
.

The frequency of oscillation of the simple harmonic motion is

A 0.87 Hz C 4.77 Hz
B 1.15 Hz D 34.41 Hz

9. Which of the following statements about critical damping is true?

A No energy is lost from the system
B Only a few oscillations are possible.
C The system takes an infinite time to return to equilibrium.
D The system does not oscillate but returns easily to its equilibrium position.

10.Which of the following physical quantities has the same dimensions as impulse?

A Weight
B Momentum
C Work done
D Kinetic energy

11. A fluid flows through a pipe of diameter d and length l. The volume flow rate R is given by
l
p cd
R
=
4
,where c is a dimensionless constant, p the pressure difference between the two
ends of the pipe and the viscosity of the fluid. The unit of in terms of base units is

A kgm C kg m
-1
s
B kg s
-1
-2
D kg m
-3
s

-1
12. For an object moving with uniform acceleration, the velocity v is given by the equation v
2

=p +
qx, where p and q are constants and x is a variable.What are the dimensions of the term qx?
A L C LT
B LT
-2

-1
D L
2
T
-2


13. The velocity-time (v-t) graph for a car is as shown in the graph.
.

Which of the following is the displacement-time (s-t) graph for the car?

14. Which one of the following is not a valid example of action and reaction to which Newton's
Third Law of Motion applies?

A The forces of attraction between an electron and a proton in a hydrogen atom
B The forces of repulsion between two parallel wires carrying currents in opposite directions.
C The forces of attraction between two gas molecules passing near each other
D The weight of a satellite and the centripetal force keeping the satellite in orbit

15. When a force of 8 N acts on an object of mass 4 kg for 2 s, what is the rate of change of
momentum of the object?

A 2 kgms
-2
B 4 kgms
-2
C 8 kgms
-2
D 16 kg ms

-2

16 A transverse periodic wave described by the expression (where y and x are in
meters and t is in seconds) is established on a string. Which one of the following
statements concerning this wave is false?

A The wave is traveling in the negative x direction.
B The amplitude is 1.0 m
C The wavelength of this wave is 2.0 m.
D The wave travels with speed 5.0 m/s.

17 A loudspeaker at the base of a cliff emits a pure tone of frequency 3000.0 Hz. A man
jumps from rest from the top of the cliff and safely falls into a net below. How far has
the man fallen at the instant he hears the frequency of the tone as 3218.0 Hz? The
speed of sound is 343 m/s.

A 12.2 m B 15.3 C 31.7 D 46.8

18
The physical process not observable for sound waves is
A Reflection
B Refraction
C Interference
D Polarization

19 The graph shows the potential energy curves of two kinds of solid P and Q.

Which among the following statements is not true of P and Q

A Solid P has a higher specific latent heat than that of solid Q
B Solid P has a higher force constant than that of solid Q
C The molecular bond in solid P is stronger than or solid Q
D The molecules of solid P reaches the minimum potential energy at a temperature
lower than that of solid Q

20 The diagram below shows a light rod, of length a , hung from the lower ends of the
wires P and Q so that both the wires are vertical. P and Q possess the same natural
length and the same natural radius but each possess different Young modulus of
1
E
and
2
E respectively. A load is placed on the rod at a distance x from wire P so that
the rod will remain horizontal

P Q

load

Rod
X

a

What is the value of x in terms of a ,
1
E and
2
E
A
2
1
E
a E
B
2 1
1
E E
a E
+
C
2 1
2
E E
a E
+
D
( )
1
2 1
E
a E E +

21

Figure 14.9 shows two isothermals for an ideal gas of fixed mass at temperatures
1
T and
2
T . The ratio
2
1
T
T
is

A
4
1
B
2
1
C 1 D 4

22 Which of the following shows correctly the relation between the mean speed v , the
ms speed
rms
v , and the most probable speed
o
v of the molecules of a gas?
A
v
rms
v
B
rms
v
o
v
C

o
v v
D
rms
v
o
v

23 According to the kinetic theory of gases, the internal energy of an ideal gas is best
defined as
A The average kinetic energy of the molecules of gas.
B The total kinetic energy of the molecules of gas
C The mast probable kinetic energy of the gas molecules
D The total potential energy and the kinetic energy of the molecules of the gas

24 An ideal monoatomic gas with an initial volume of V at the initial pressure of p
expands adiabatically to a pressure of
32
p
. The new volume of gas is

A 4 V B 8 V C 8 V D 32 V

25 Which one of the following statements provides the most convincing evidence that
visible light is
a form of electromagnetic radiation?

A Two light sources can be coherent.
B Light can be reflected from a surface.
C Light can be diffracted through an aperture.
D Light can form a double-slit interference pattern.

26 A charge q =4.0 C is moved 0.25 m horizontally to point P in a region where an
electric field is 150 V/m and directed vertically as shown. What is the change in the
electric potential energy of the charge?

A -2.4 x 10
B
-3
-1.5 x 10
C
-4

+1.5 x 10
D
-4
Zero J oules

27 The figure below shows four parallel plate capacitors: A, B, C, and D. Each
capacitor carries the same charge q and has the same plate area A. As suggested
by the figure, the plates of capacitors A and C are separated by a distance d while
those of B and D are separated by a distance 2d.
Capacitors A and B are maintained in vacuum while capacitors C and D contain
dielectrics with constant = 5.


A A B C D C BADC
B A B D C D BACD

28 If the work required to move a +0.35 C charge from point A to point B is +125 J ,
what is the potential difference between the two points?
A Zero
B 44 V
C 88 V
D 360 V

29 In the circuit below, switch S is connected to position 1 at time t =0. At the instant
t =T, when the voltmeter reading reaches V
o
, the switch S is connected to the
position 2.

Which of the following graphs shows the variation of the voltmeter reading V with
time t?

A
A B
C D

30 Which one of the following statements is true concerning the spacing of the electric
field lines in the
vicinity of two point charges of equal magnitude and opposite sign?

A It indicates the direction of the electric field.
B It does not depend on the magnitude of the charges.
C It is large when the magnitude of the charges is large.
D It indicates the relative magnitude of the electric field.

31 Which one of the following statements concerning the magnetic force on a charged
particle in a
magnetic field is true?

A It is zero if the particle moves perpendicular to the field.
B It is a maximum if the particle moves parallel to the field.
C It acts in the direction of motion for a positively charged particle.
D It depends on the component of the particle's velocity that is perpendicular to the
field.

32 Two electrons are located in a region of space where the magnetic field is zero.
Electron A is at
rest; and electron B is moving westward with a constant velocity. A non-zero
magnetic field
directed eastward is then applied to the region. In what direction, if any, will each
electron be
moving after the field is applied?

A Upward away from earth westward
B at rest westward
C northward eastward
D at rest eastward

33 A proton is traveling south as it enters a region that contains a magnetic field. The
proton is
deflected downward toward the earth. What is the direction of the magnetic field?

A downward B west C north D
east

34 A long, straight wire carries a current I. If the magnetic field at a distance d from the
wire has
magnitude B, what is the magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance 2d from the
wire?

A B/2 B 2B C B/4 D 4B

35 The current in a certain ac circuit is independent of the frequency at a given voltage.
Which
combination of elements is most likely to comprise the circuit?
A F/s
B F s
C
D W b

36 A battery is used to drive a circuit. After a certain amount of time, the current is zero
amperes. When
the same circuit is driven by an ac generator, the current is non-zero and alternates.
Which
combination of elements is most likely to comprise the circuit?
A resistors only
B inductors only
C capacitors only
D a combination of inductors and resistors

37 A variable inductor is connected to an ac source. What effect does increasing the
inductance have on
the reactance and current in this circuit?
Reactance Curren t
A no change no change
B decreases no change
C decreases increases
D increases decreases

38 When the frequency of an ac circuit is increased at constant voltage, the current
increases and then
decreases. Which combination of elements is most likely to comprise this circuit?

A resistors only
B capacitors only
C a combination of inductors and resistors
D a combination of inductors and capacitors

39 Which one of the following types of wave is intrinsically different from the other four?
(a) (c) (e) visible light
(b) (d)
A radio waves
B sound waves
C gamma rays
D ultraviolet radiation

40 What is the correct order, beginning with shortest wavelength and extending to the
longest
wavelength, of the following colors in the visible light spectrum: blue, green, red,
violet, and
yellow?

A red, yellow, blue, green, violet
B violet, blue, yellow, red, green
C red, yellow, green, blue, violet
D violet, blue, green, yellow, red

41 Which one of the following statements concerning the energy carried by an
electromagnetic wave
is true?

A The energy is carried only by the electric field.
B More energy is carried by the electric field than by the magnetic field.
C The energy is carried equally by the electric and magnetic fields.
D More energy is carried by the magnetic field than by the electric field.

42 The most convincing evidence that electromagnetic waves are transverse waves is
that

A they can be polarized.
B they carry energy through space.
C they can travel through a material substance.
D they do not require a physical medium for propagation.

43 Linearly polarized light is incident of a sheet of polarizing material. The angle
between the
transmission axis and the incident electric field is 52. What percentage of the
incident intensity
is transmitted?

A 38 % B 43 % C 52 % D 62 %

44 Which one of the following statements provides the most convincing evidence that
visible light is a form of electromagnetic radiation?

A Two light sources can be coherent.
B Light can be reflected from a surface.
C Light can be diffracted through an aperture.
D Light can form a double-slit interference pattern.

45 Which one of the following quantities is not necessarily conserved in nuclear
reactions?

A electric charge
B number of protons
C linear momentum
D angular momentum

46 The nucleus of a certain isotope of tin contains 68 neutrons and 50 protons. Which
symbol
correctly represents this isotope?
A
Sn
68
50

B
Sn
50
68

C
Sn
118
50

D
Sn
118
68


47 Which model of atomic structure was developed to explain the results of the
experiment shown?

A Bohr model
B nuclear atom
C billiard ball atom
D plum-pudding model

48 Which one of the following pairs of characteristics of light is best explained by
assuming that
light can be described in terms of photons?

A photoelectric effect and the effect observed in Young's experiment
B diffraction and the formation of atomic spectra
C polarization and the photoelectric effect
D existence of line spectra and the photoelectric effect

49 Determine the wavelength of incident electromagnetic radiation required to cause an
electron transition from the n =6 to the n =8 level in a hydrogen atom.

A 1.2 x10
3
B
nm
2.2x 10
3
C
nm
3.4 x 10
3
D
nm
7.5 x 10
3

nm

50 Which one of the following statements concerning the cutoff wavelength typically
exhibited in X-ray spectra is true?

A The cutoff wavelength depends on the target material.
B The cutoff wavelength depends on the potential difference across the X-ray tube.
C The cutoff wavelength is independent of the energy of the incident electrons.
D The cutoff wavelength occurs because of the mutual shielding effects of K-shell
electrons

OBJ ECTIVE ANSWER SCHEME

N0

Answer

No

Answer
1
D
26 D
2
C
27 C
3
A
28 D
4
A
29 C
5
B
30 D
6
B
31 D
7
B
32 B
8
A
33 B
9
D
34 A
10 B 35 C
11 C 36 C
12 D 37 D
13 D 38 D
14 B 39 B
15 D 40 D
16
D
41 C
17 C 42 A
18 D 43 A
19 D 44 D
20 C 45 B
21 D 46 D
22 B 47 B
23 D 48 D
24 C 49 D
25 D 50 B

STPM 2012 - 1 -
960/2
*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over CONFIDENTIAL*
SECTION A: Answer all questions

1. State Newtons third law of motion. [1]

(a) A brick is lying on the ground as shown in figure 1, with the forces shown acting
on it. Write down what these forces are and with them their corresponding reaction
pair. [3]
R

fig.1 W
(b) What are the characteristic of this force? [2]

3. (a) Define intensity level, . [2]

(b) A recording engineer works in a soundproofed room that is 44.0 dB quieter
than the outside. If the sound intensity in the room is 1.2 X 10
-10
W m
-2

, what is the
intensity outside? [4]

STPM 2012 - 2 -
960/2
4. A jet plane is made of different classes of materials with different properties.
The table below indicates a certain material with its properties. Explain why such
material is suitable for certain part of the jet plane. Sketch on the given axis to

Material

Properties
Part of the
J et-plane

Graph Stress vs Strain

Durulamin

Exterior
body of the
jet plane
Stress

strain

Ceramic

rotor blade in
jet engines
Stress

strain

Rubber

Tyre
Stress

strain

[6]

STPM 2012 - 3 -
960/2
5. Two long, straight wires separated by0.10 m carry currents of 18 A and 6 A in the
same direction as shown in the figure

(a) Determine the magnitude of the magnetic field at the point P. [4]

(b) What is the direction of the magnetic field at the point P? [1]

6. Draw a circuit diagram for either inverting amplifier or non-inverting amplifier.
Explain your circuit. [6]

STPM 2012 - 4 -
960/2
7. A physics professor wants to find the diameter of a human hair by placing it
between two flat glass plates, illuminating the plates with light of vacuum wavelength
=552 nm and counting the number of bright fringes produced along the plates. The
prof finds 125 bright fringes between the edge of the plates and the hair. What is the
diameter of the hair? [4]

8. An electron with a kinetic energy of 1.2 x 10
-18

J collides with an electron in orbit
around an atom, causing it to jump from 6.2 eV level to 1.5 eV level. What is the
final KE of the first electron? [4]

STPM 2012 - 5 -
960/2
Section B: Answer any four question

9. (a) Define impulse. What are the units for impulse? [2]
(b) A spaceship of mass 4000 kg is moving with a constant velocity of 3.12 x 10
5
ms
-1
.
It is suddenly hit by a mysterious impulse of 1.65 x 10
5

Ns in the opposite direction to
its motion. What is its final velocity and direction of motion? [4]
c) (i) Explain why parachutists bend their knees and roll when they hit the ground.[2]
(ii) If the parachutists mass is 80 kg, and the velocity of the impact is 12 m s
-1

, what
is the minimum time required for the impact if the parachutist does not break a leg?
Take the force required to break a leg is 600 N. [7]

10.(a) i. Name one physical example of a longitudinal wave motion. [1]
ii. What features do longitudinal wave have in common with transverse wave? [3]

(b) Explain, using clearly labeled sketches where appropriate, the meaning of the following
terms when applied to wave motion.
i. displacement
ii. amplitude
iii. wavelength
iv. phase difference between two waves [4]

(c) The excess pressure in a traveling sound wave is given by the equation
p =1.5 sin ( )
(
|
.
|
\
|
t x 330
2
where x and in metres, t in seconds & p in Pa

(i) What is the velocity of the wave?
(ii) If =2 m, what is the frequency of the wave?
(iii) What is the maximum pressure ( pressure amplitude)?
(iv) What is the pressure at x =
6
1
and t =0? [7]

11. The first law of thermodynamic, an application of energy conservation, states
that the change in internal energy, U, of a system is equal to the sum of the changes
of heat energy Q and work done W by or on the system.
(a) Use this law to explain water boiling and heating a gas at constant pressure.
[6]
(b) What is the relation between the specific heats, at constant pressure and
constant volume? [4]

(c) What is a field? Sketch the variation of g inside and outside the Earth and
variation of E and V
E

inside and outside a hollow conductor. Explain. [5]

STPM 2012 - 6 -
960/2
12. ( a) What is the relation between resistance and resistivity?
Compute the resistance of 180 m of silver wire ( 1.6 x 10
-8
) having a cross section of
0.3 mm
2

. [3]
(b) If a battery or other source of emf has internal resistane, then the terminal voltage
does not equal to the emf when current is flowing. What are the relations between emf
and terminal voltage in such situations? [4]

(c) A 1400 resistor is connected in series with a 200 resistor and a 12 V battery.
i. How much does the current in the circuit change when a 5000 voltmeter is
connected across ( in parallel with) with the 1400 resistor?
ii. Across the 200 resistor?
iii. What does the voltmeter read in (i)?
iv. In (ii)? [8]

13. (a) Define the following properties of lenses: converging, diverging, focal length,
power and diopter. [5]
(b) A convexo-concave lens has faces of radii 3 and 4 cm, respectively, and is made
of glass of refractive index 1.6. Determine its focal length and the linear magnification
of the image when the object is 28 cm from the lens. [5]
(c) A grating have 15 000 lines per cm produces spectra of a mercury arc. The green
line of the mercury spectrum has a wavelength 5461. What is the angular
separation between the first order green line and second order green line. [5]

14 (a) State Bohrs postulate for an atom. [2]

(b) State four most important results from a photoelectric effect experiment.. [4]

(c) State two laws of conservation in radioactive decay. [2]

(d) Explain how X-ray is diffracted at high intensity in certain directions by
a crystal. [3]

(e) Explain the working principle of a mass spectrometer to measure the masses
of ions. [4]

OBJ ECTIVE ANSWER SCHEME

N0

Answer

No

Answer
1
D
26 D
2
C
27 C
3
A
28 D
4
A
29 C
5
B
30 D
6
B
31 D
7
B
32 B
8
A
33 B
9
D
34 A
10 B 35 C
11 C 36 C
12 D 37 D
13 D 38 D
14 B 39 B
15 D 40 D
16
D
41 C
17 C 42 A
18 D 43 A
19 D 44 D
20 C 45 B
21 D 46 D
22 B 47 B
23 D 48 D
24 C 49 D
25 D 50 B


scheme
SECTION A: Answer all questions

1. State Newtons third law of motion. [1]

Every force that acts on an object has an equal and opposite force reacting to it.

(a) A brick is lying on the ground as shown in figure 1, with the forces shown acting on
it. Write down what these forces are and with them their corresponding reaction pair.
[3]

W = gravitational pull of the Earth on the brick R
Its reaction force is the gravitational pull of the brick
on the Earth. ..........................................................1

R = normal contact force of the ground on the brick
its reaction force is the normal contact force of the brick W
on the ground .........................................................1

(b) What are the characteristic of the forces? [2]

All the forces occur in action-reaction pair must be
equal in magnitude & opposite in direction ................................1
the same type of force & acting on different objects ..................1


3. (a) Define intensity level, . [2]

Intensity level, is defined as = 10 log
10
|
|
.
|
\
|
0
I
I
dB, ..........................1
Where
0
I = 10
-12
W m
-2
lowest intensity at a given frequency that can be heard 0 dB) ........1
( known as threshold hearing which is the

The decibel, dB is a measurement unit used when comparing two sound
intensities. It is dimensionless (like radian)

(b) A recording engineer works in a soundproofed room that is 44.0 dB quieter than
the outside. If the sound intensity in the room is 1.2 X 10
-10
W m
-2

, what is the intensity
outside?
outside
=
inside
=(10 dB) log
+ 44.0 dB
0 . 44
0
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
I
I
inside
....................................................1

=(10 dB) log 0 . 44
10 1
10 2 . 1
12
10
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=20.8 +44.0 =64.8 dB .......1

The sound intensity outside the room is,

utside
I
0
=
0
I 10
dB
outside
10

= ( )
10
8 . 64
12
10 10 00 . 1

......................................1

= 3.02 x 10
-6
W m
-2

...................................1

4. A jet plane is made of different classes of materials with different properties.
The table below indicates a certain material with its properties. Explain why such
material is suitable for certain part of the jet plane. Sketch on the given axis to

Material

Properties
Part of the
J et-plane

Graph Stress vs Strain

Durulamin

Tough & stiff
show plastic
deformation before
breaking

Exterior
body of the
jet plane
Stress

strain

Ceramic

Brittle but very strong.
It has the ability to
resist high
temperature

rotor blade in
jet engines
Stress

strain

Rubber

Highly elastic
behaviour extends
easily until it reaches
a point where it
becomes hard to
stretch again

Tyre
Stress

strain

5. Two long, straight wires separated by0.10 m carry currents of 18 A and 6 A in the
same direction as shown in the figure

(a) Determine the magnitude of the magnetic field at the point P. [4]
B =4.8 10
-5

T

(b) What is the direction of the magnetic field at the point P? [1]

Into the plane of the page

6. Draw a circuit diagram for either inverting amplifier or non-inverting amplifier.
Explain your circuit. [6]

Inverting Amplifier Non-inverting Amplifier
1. Circuit diagram

*The +input is grounded V
Q
*The input is connected to V
= 0
in
signal via R
* The path through R
f

f
*The amplifier function in a close-loop mode
acts as a path for
feedback negative
1. Circuit diagram

*The V
in

is connected to the + input
*The path through R
f
*The amplifier function in a close-loop mode
acts as a path for
feedback negative

7. A physics professor wants to find the diameter of a human hair by placing it
between two flat glass plates, illuminating the plates with light of vacuum wavelength
=552 nm and counting the number of bright fringes produced along the plates. The
prof finds 125 bright fringes between the edge of the plates and the hair. What is the
diameter of the hair?

The reflection from the boundaries will cause a net 180
0
The condition for bright fringe is 2t =( m + )
phase shift.
film
and m =124, since there is bright fringe for m =0. and
............................................1
film
n
=
t =
2
2
1
film
m |
.
|
\
|
+
=
n
m
2
2
1
|
.
|
\
|
+
....................................................................1
=
00 . 1 2
10 552
2
1
124
9
|
.
|
\
|
+

.......................................................1

=3.44 x 10
-5

m ................................................................1
8. An electron with a kinetic energy of 1.2 x 10
-18

J collides with an electron in orbit
around an atom, causing it to jump from 6.2 eV level to 1.5 eV level. What is the
final KE of the first electron? [4]
Change in energy, E
2
E
1
=4.7 eV
=1.5 (6.2) .................................................1
=4.7 x 1.6 x 10
= 7.52 x 10
-19
-19

J ................................................1
The final Kinetic Energy = 1.2 x 10
-18
7.52 x 10
-19
...............................1

= 4.48 x 10
-19

J ................................................1

Section B: Answer any four question

9. (a) Define impulse. What are the units for impulse? [2]

Impulse is change in momentum. ..........................................................1
unit: Ns or kg m s
-1

.....................................................................1

(b) A spaceship of mass 4000 kg is moving with a constant velocity of 3.12 x
10
5
ms
-1
. It is suddenly hit by a mysterious impulse of 1.65 x 10
5
[4]
Ns in the opposite
direction to its motion. What is its final velocity and direction of motion?
Impulse, I = m (v u ) ......................................................................1
1.65 x 10
5
= 4000 ( v 3.12 x 10
5
v = 1.01 x 10
) .................................................1
5
m s
-1

.......................................................1
It moves backwards .......................................................................1

(c) (i) Explain why parachutists bend their knees and roll when they hit the ground.
It is to spread out the time of the impact, and so reduce the force acting
on the parachutist. ............................................................................2

(ii) If the parachutists mass is 80 kg, and the velocity of the impact is 12 m s
-1

,
what is the minimum time required for the impact if the parachutist does not break a
leg? Take the force required to break a leg is 600 N.
Weight of parachutist =80 x 9.81 =784.8 N ......................................1
Maximum force that can be produced by the leg before breaking
L =2 x 600 =1200 N .....................................1
Left over force for decelerating acting in opposite direction to the motion
F =W L ...............................................................1
=784.8 1200 ...................................................1
= 415.2 N .......................................................1
Impulse, Ft =m (v u )
t =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 . 415
12 80 0
F
mu mv
1
t =2.31s .............................................................1

10.(a) i. Name one physical example of a longitudinal wave motion. [1]
- sound wave .............................................................................................................1

ii. What features do longitudinal wave have in common with transverse wave?[3]
-They both transmit energy from the source
-Repeats its pattern at equal distance, i.e. have a definite wavelength
-Profile of wave repeats equal number of times per second, i.e. have a definite frequency
-Travel at the speed given by f v = where wavelength
-Have a definite amplitude but can form standing waves.
-They both transmit energy from the source
any three points ..........................................................................3

(c) The excess pressure in a traveling sound wave is given by the equation
p =1.5 sin ( )
(
|
.
|
\
|
t x 330
2
where x and in metres, t in seconds & p in Pa

(i) What is the velocity of the wave?

p =- 1.5 sin
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
330
330
2
x
t
equivalent y =y
0
(
|
.
|
\
|
v
x t
v 2 sin 1

v =330 m s
-1
(ii) If =2 m, what is the frequency of the wave?
.1

v =f ......................................................................................................................1
330 =f (2)
f =165 Hz ............................................................................................1

(iii) What is the maximum pressure ( pressure amplitude)?

p
0

=1.5 Pa ......................................................................................................1
(iv) What is the pressure at x =
6
1
and t =0?
p =- 1.5sin 75 . 0
6
sin 5 . 1
330
6
1
0
2
330
2 = =
(
(
(
(
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
Pa .....................................2

11. The first law of thermodynamic, an application of energy conservation, states that
the change in internal energy, U, of a system is equal to the sum of the changes of
heat energy Q and work done W by or on the system.
(a) Use this law to explain water boiling and heating a gas at constant pressure. [6]

First Law of thermodynamics: U = Q + W
Boiling water:
Q is positive as heat is going into the system ....................................................1
W is negative as water expands when it changes state ....................................1
U is positive the system is changing state so potential energy increases ......1

heating a gas at a constant volume
Q is positive as heat is going into the system .....................................................1
W is zero because the volume is fixed ...............................................................1
U is positive as the temperature is increasing ....................................................1

(b) What is the relation between the specific heats, at constant pressure and constant
volume? [4]

When gas is heated at constant volume, the entire heat energy supplied goes to
increase the internal energy of the gas molecules. ..................................................But
when a gas is heated at constant pressure, the heat supplied not only increases the
internal energy of the molecules but also does the mechanical work in expanding the
gas against the opposing constant pressure. .......................................................1
Hence the specific heat of gas at constant pressure, c
p
is greater than it specific heat at
constant volume, c
v
It can be shown that for an ideal gas of molecular weight M,
. ........................................................................................1
c
p
c
v

= R/M where R is universal gas constant. ...........................1

11 (c) What is a field? Sketch the variation of g inside and outside the Earth and
variation of E and V
E

inside and outside a hollow conductor. Explain.
A field is a region of space where force can be felt ........................................1

V uniform across
conductor

V V 1/r ..1

g r
g increase g decreases E r
uniformly g
2
1
r
..1

1

r

12. ( a) What is the relation between resistance and resistivity?
Compute the resistance of 180 m of silver (( 1.6 x 10
-8
)wire having a cross section of
0.3 mm
2
R =
. [3]
A
L
where is resistivity .................1

R =
A
L
= ( 1.6 x 10
-8
10
10 3 . 0
180
) = 9.6 .......................................................2

(b) If a battery or other source of emf has internal resistance, then the terminal voltage
does not equal to the emf when current is flowing. What are the relations between emf
and terminal voltage in such situations? [4]

The terminal voltage of a battery or generator when it delivers a current I is equal to the
total emf minus the potential drop in its internal resistance,r. ..................................... 1
- When delivering current ( on discharge), terminal voltage =emf Ir .......................1
-When receiving current ( on charge ) terminal voltage =emf +Ir .......................1
- When no current exist, terminal voltage =emf of the battery .....................................1

Earth
Hollow
conductor
(charged)
E decreases as it had
started decreasing from the
center, E 1/r
2
..........1
E equals potential
gradient which is zero

(c) A 1400 resistor is connected in series with a 200 resistor and a 12 V battery.
i. How much does the current in the circuit change when a 5000 voltmeter is
connected across ( in parallel with) with the 1400 resistor? [8]
Original I =
200 1400
12
+
= 7.50 mA .................................................................1
Placing 5000 parallel with 1400 , R
-1
1400
1
5000
1
+ = , R =1093 ...........1

mA I
mA I
78 . 1 50 . 7 28 . 9
28 . 9
200 1093
12
= =
=
+
=
.....................................2

ii. Across the 200 resistor?
Placing 5000 parallel with 200 , R
-1
200
1
5000
1
+ = , R =192.3

mA mA mA I
mA I
036 . 0 50 . 7 536 . 7
54 . 7
1400 3 . 192
12
= =
=
+
=
..............2

iii. What does the voltmeter read in (i)?

The drop across 1400 is, V =12 200 ( 9.28 x 10
-3
(without voltmeter, potential drop =10.5 V)
) =10.15 V ..................1

iv. In (ii)?

Voltmeter reads: 12 (1400) x (7.536 x 10
-3
( instead of 1.5 V without the voltmeter )
) =1.45 V ...................................1

13. (a) Define the following properties of lenses: converging, diverging, focal length,
power and diopter. [5]

Converging lens is one that focuses parallel ray to a point .......................................1
A diverging lens is one that spreads parallel ray ........................................................1
Focal length refers to the distance from the lens to either principal focus. ................1
Power of a lens is the reciprocal of the focal length in metres. ...................................1
A diopter is the unit for the power of a lens, equal to the power of a lens of focal length
one metre ..................................................................................................................1

(b) A convexo-concave lens has faces of radii 3 and 4 cm, respectively, and is made of
glass of refractive index 1.6. Determine its focal length and the linear magnification of
the image when the object is 28 cm from the lens. [5]

( ) ( ) 5 . 0
12
1
6 . 0
4
1
3
1
1 6 . 1
2
1 1
1
1
1
= |
.
|
\
|
=
(
=
(
=
R R
n
f
cm f 20 = .......................2

u v f
1 1 1
+ = =
v
1
28
1
20
1
+ = v =70 cm ..............................................................2

linear magnification = 5 . 2
28
70
= =
u
v
.....................................................................1

(c) A grating have 15 000 lines per cm produces spectra of a mercury arc. The green
line of the mercury spectrum has a wavelength 5461. What is the angular separation
between the first order green line and second order green line.

n =1
sin d n = 8192 . 0
100 15000
1
10 5461 1
sin
10
1
=

= =

d
n

14 (a) State Bohrs postulate for an atom. [2]

The electron in an atom moves in a circular orbit about the nucleus
...1
Only certain permissible/stable/quantised / stationary states circular orbit are
allowed. ..1

Energy emitted only when electron transits from higher to lower
orbit....1
any 2 marks

(b) State four most important results from a photoelectric effect experiment..

- When the intensity of the light is increased, the magnitude of the current
increases. ........................................................................................................1
When the frequency of the light increases, the stopping potential remain constant.
...1
There exist a cut-off threshold frequency (below which no electron is ejected no
matter how intense the light). ...1
The ejection of photoelectrons is immediate. ....1
When the frequency of light is increased the stopping potential increases / the
maximum KE of electron increases. ...1
any four marks

(c) State two laws of conservation in radioactive decay. [2]
conservation of charge (or proton number) ......................................................1
conservation of mass number (or nucleon number) ..........................................1
conservation of mass-energy or ......................................................................1
conservation of momentum ............................................................................1
any 2

(d) Explain how X-ray is diffracted at high intensity in certain directions by
a crystal. [3]

Atoms as secondary source / X-ray is diffracted by atoms ..1
Path difference =n .1
Constructive interference happen / in phase happen 1

(e) Explain the working principle of a mass spectrometer to measure the masses of
ions. [4]

- Ions are accelerated through an electric field and its velocity determined.
.....1
- Ions are then deflected in a magnetic field. .....1
- The magnetic field / electric field are adjusted until the ions are detected.
..1
- The mass is calculated from the magnitude of the electric field and magnetic field.
....1


STPM Trial 2012 Physics Qa Kelantan

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SECTION A; Answer all the questions

where x and in metres, t in seconds & p in Pa

=20.8 +44.0 =64.8 dB .......1

where x and in metres, t in seconds & p in Pa

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