EXPERIMENT 1 : IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOUND

NAME : NABILAH BINTI AMINUDDIN

GROUP : AS2301M1
COURSE CODE : CHM 420
LECTURER`S NAME : DR. ZURAIDA KHUSAIMI



EXPERIMENT 1
IDENTIFICATION OF A COMPOUND

OBJECTIVE

1. To identify identity of a given compound on the basis of its chemical properties.
2. To determine identity of a given unknown compounds based on their chemical
properties.

INTRODUCTION

The experiment conducted to identify a given compound by observing chemical
reactions. Such chemical reactions are usually accompanied by chemical changes which may
involve one or more of the following:

a) A gas is evolved and this evolution may be rapid or slow with a frizzing sound.
b) Heat may be evolved or absorbed. An exothermic reaction gives off heat while an
endothermic reaction absorbs heat. The reaction vessel will feel warm for an
exothermic reaction and cool to the touch for an endothermic reaction.
c) A precipitate may appear. It is useful to observe the texture and colour of the
precipitate.
d) Odour may be detected. There could also be a change in odour for example more
intense, less intense or different odour.
e) A change in colour of the solution may occur.

CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS

Known solutions : Unknown solutions: Test Reagents:
0.2 M NaCl Solution 1 0.2 M AgN

(aq)
0.2 M

Solution 2 0.2 M NaOH (aq)

0.2 M

Solution 3 0.2 M HCL (aq)

0.2 M N

Cl Solution 4


METHOD
Observations of Chemical Properties of Known Compounds

I. Observations with silver nitrate test reagent.

1. Four small clean test tubes is labelled.
2. 5-10 drops of each of the five known solutions is placed into the labelled test
tubes.
3. A dropper pin is used to deliver several drops of silver nitrate test reagent to
each labelled test tubes.
4. Observations made is recorded in Table 1.
5. If chemical change is observed after adding several drops of silver nitrate test
reagent,5-10 more drops is added to see additional changes. Observations
made is recorded.
6. The test solutions is saved as reference for Part B.
7. Chemical equations for the reactions is written to show chemical change.

II. Observations with sodium hydroxide test reagent.

1. Four small clean test tubes is labelled.
2. 5-10 drops of each of the five known solutions is placed into the labelled test
tubes.
3. Several drops of sodium hydroxide test reagent. Observations is recorded in Table
1.
4. The test solutions is saved as reference for Part B.
5. Chemical equations for the reactions is written to show chemical change.

III. Observations with hydrochloric acid test reagent.

1. Four small clean test tubes is labelled.
2. 5-10 drops of each of the five known solutions is placed into the labelled test
tubes.
3. Several drops of sodium hydroxide test reagent.
4. Observations is recorded in Table 1.
5. The test solutions is saved as reference for Part B.
6. Chemical equations for the reactions is written to show chemical change.

B. Chemical Properties of Unknown Compounds

1. Four unknown solutions labelled 1-4 is given.
2. Experiments is performed using the given reagents to determine the identity of the
unknowns.
3. Observations is recorded in Table 2.
4. Each of the four unknown solutions is identified.


DATA/RESULT

NaCl

Mg

Cl
AgN

White
precipitate
formed
White
precipitate
formed
White
precipitate
formed
White
precipitate
formed
NaOH Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution turns
cloudy
Solution
remains
unchanged
HCl Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution turns
cloudy

Table 1 : Observations for Known Solutions


Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3 Solution 4
AgN

Solution
remains
unchanged
White
precipitate
formed
White
precipitate
formed
White
precipitate
formed
NaOH Solution turns
cloudy
Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution
remains
unchanged
HCl Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution
remains
unchanged
Solution
remains
unchanged

Table 2 : Observations for Unknown Solutions



Identification of unknown solutions

Solution 1 is Mg

Solution 2 is

Solution 3 is NaCl
Solution 4 is N

Cl

QUESTIONS

Answers
1.
a) Reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of

and

is N

(aq).
When N

(aq) react with

, no change shows in observation but when N

(aq)
react with

,the observation show white precipitate.

b) Reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of

and

is N

(aq)
and HCl(aq). No change can be seen when N

(aq) react with

, but white
precipitate formed when N

(aq) react with

. Then, white precipitate formed

when HCl(aq) react with

but no change when react with

.
c) Reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of

and

are

(aq)
and N

(aq).

shows blue precipitate when react with

(aq) but

shows no changes. Besides,

remains no change when react with N

(aq) while

becames white precipitate.

d) Reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of

and

are

(aq)
and N

(aq).

shows blue precipitate when react with

(aq) but

shows no changes. Besides,

remains no change when react with N

(aq) while

becames white precipitate.

e) Reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of HCl(aq) and

(aq) are
and . This is because when HCl(aq) react with

, white precipitate can be seen but

when react with

(aq), no change occur. Next, when HCl (aq) react with

,
no change can be seen but white precipitate form when react with

(aq).

2.
Test tube 1: 0.10 M
Test tube 2: 0.10 M
Test tube 3: 0.10 M


DISCUSSION

There are 4 unknown solutions and known solutions given.The experiment is
conducted and several observation for each known and unknown solution is recorded. This
observation is then compared to each other (Table 1 and 2) to deduce what is the unknown
solution. Solution 1 is Mg

olution 2 is

olution 3 is NaCl and solution 4 is

N

Cl.

There are several errors when experiment is conducted. Errors such as wrong mixture
of compounds as the instruction given was misunderstood. This cause a waste to the
chemicals used and cause a waste of time.Next some of the reactions gave out by the
compounds when mix occurred very quickly so,some of observation that should be made is
missed and due to this it is hard to compare the known and unknown solution
observations,thus, deducing the unknown solutions is also hard as the observations is almost
the same.

CONCLUSION

The identity of given unknown compounds is solution 1 is Mg

olution 2
is

olution 3 is NaCl and solution 4 is N

Cl.

REFERRENCE

Exploring Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for General Chemistry, Sharipah Ruzaini Syed
Aris, Kamariah Muda, Nesamalar Kantasamy,2010,University Publication Cetre (UPENA).

Chemistry 11
th
edition,Raymond Chang, Kenneth A. Goldsby,2014,Mc Graw Hill Education

Oxford Dictionary of Chemistry sixth edition ,John Daintith,2008,Oxford University Press