Practice Test - Nuclear Chemistry

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for that isotope to decay.
____ 2. Carbon dating is not used to measure the age of rocks because the half-life of carbon-14 is too short.
____ 3. The mass of a 25. g piece of 23!"#Cm $half-life% 2.4 hr& 'ill be reduced to 3.1 g after (.2 hr.
____ 4. ) nuclear reactor produces energy from fuel rods containing uranium-23!.
____ 5. The amount of energy produced for each kilogram of uranium is about the same as the amount of energy from a
kilogram of coal.
____ #. The only elements that can be used as fuel in a nuclear po'er plant are those in 'hich a chain reaction can occur.
____ (. The purpose of the control rods in a nuclear reactor is to reflect neutrons back into the core.
____ !. The production of energy in a nuclear reactor can be stopped by pulling out all control rods.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ ". ) light'eight isotope is likely to be stable if the ratio of protons to neutrons in its nucleus is _____.
a. 1%2. c. 2%1.
b. 1%1. d. 5%1.
____ 1. The only nucleon among the follo'ing is the _____.
a. electron. c. beta particle.
b. positron. d. neutron.
____ 11. The isotope least likely to be found in the band of stability among the follo'ing is _____.
a.
C.
c.
)l.
b.
*.
d.
+i.
____ 12. The isotope formed by the beta decay of , has an atomic number of _____.
a. 1!. c. 2.
b. 3". d. 21.
____ 13. The isotope formed by the alpha decay of - has a mass number of _____.
a. 234. c. 23!.
b. 23#. d. 24.
____ 14. .uring electron capture/ a proton in the nucleus of an atom is con0erted into a$n& _____.
a. neutron. c. electron.
b. positron. d. another proton.
____ 15. 1hen the isotope 2a decays by beta emission/ the isotope formed is _____.
a.
)c.
c.
-.
b.
Th.
d.
-.
____ 1#. )toms located abo0e the band of stability on a graph of numbers of neutrons 0ersus number of protons are usually
unstable because they contain too many _____.
a. protons. c. electrons.
b. neutrons. d. nucleons.
Completion
Complete each statement.
1(. The form of nuclear radiation that has the greatest penetrating po'er is the ____________________ .
1!. 1hen a radioacti0e nucleus gi0es off a gamma ray/ its atomic number increases by ____________________.
1". 3ach alpha particle carries an electric charge of ____________________.
2. 3ach beta particle carries an electric charge of ____________________.
21. 3ach gamma ray carries an electric charge of ____________________.
-se the follo'ing diagram to complete the passage.
4n a nuclear po'er plant/ energy is produced in the reactor core by fission reactions that occur in uranium-
containing bars called $1& ____________________. The uranium is found at location $2& ____________________
in the diagram. The rate at 'hich the nuclear reaction takes place is controlled by other bars called $3&
___________________. These bars of metal are found at location $4& ____________________. *ne of the
important safety factors in the po'er plant is a strong dome-shaped structure surrounding the reactor. The
structure is labeled $5& ____________________ in this diagram and called $#& ____________________.
5eat produced by nuclear fission is carried a'ay by $(& ____________________/ 'hich enters the core at point
$!& ____________________ in the diagram. 4t then lea0es the core at point $"& ____________________.
5eat from the reactor core is used to boil 'ater in the $1& ____________________/ sho'n at $11&
____________________ in the diagram. +team produced here is used to generate electricity at point $12&
____________________ in the diagram. The steam is then cooled at location $13& ____________________ by
'ater from an outside source.
2ro0ide the missing term in each of the follo'ing e6uations.
23. ____________________
24. 7 ____________________
25. ____________________
Short Answer
The e6uations belo' represent nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions. 8or each e6uation/ tell 'hether fission
or fusion has occurred and 'rite the missing term in the e6uation.
2#. _____
2(.
2!.
2".
Problem
1rite a complete nuclear e6uation for each of the follo'ing.
3. The decay of 8e by beta emission.
31. The decay of by alpha emission.
32. The decay of by electron capture.
33. The decay of by positron emission.
34. The radioisotope technetium-"" is often used as a radiotracer to detect disorders of the body. 4t has a half-life of
#.1 hours. 4f a patient recei0ed a 25.-mg dose of this isotope during a medical procedure/ ho' much 'ould
remain 4!. hours after the dose 'as gi0en9
Practice Test - Nuclear Chemistry
Answer Section
TRUE/FASE
1. 8
2. T
3. T
4. 8
5. 8
#. T
(. 8
!. 8
MUT!PE C"#!CE
". :
1. .
11. C
12. C
13. )
14. )
15. .
1#. :
C#MPET!#N
1(. gamma ray
1!.
1". 72
2. -1
21.
22. 5
23.
24.
25.
S"#RT ANS$ER
2#. / fusion
2(. / fission
2!. / fusion
2". / fission
PR#%EM
3.
31.
32.
33.
34. ."! mg