This dissertation examines the role of newspaper editors in the

political turmoil and strife that characterized late First Empire

Rio de Janeiro (1827-1831). Newspaper editors and their
journals helped change the political culture of late First Empire
Rio de Janeiro by involving the people in the discussion of
state. This change in political culture is apparent in Emperor
Pedro Is gradual loss of control over the mechanisms of
power. As the newspapers became more numerous and
powerful, the Emperor lost his legitimacy in the eyes of the
people. To explore the role of the newspapers in the political
events of the late First Empire, this dissertation analyzes all
available newspapers published in Rio de Janeiro from 1827 to
1831. Newspapers and their editors were leading forces in the
effort to remove power from the hands of the ruling elite and
place it under the control of the people. In the process,
newspapers helped change how politics operated in the
constitutional monarchy of Brazil.
Impact social, cultural physical emotional

The purpose of this essay is to discuss Bruno Tauts attitude
towards glass in the Glashaus. Despite the intensive utilisation
of glass as the construction material,

The purpose of this essay is to examine the aspect of
transparency

Construction
Prism
Distinction to other glass building
John Ruskin


The purpose of this essay is to examine the transparency of glass in Bruno Tauts
Glashaus. The discussion revolves around an examination of different
configuration of glass that were present in the Glashaus, which include the
Luxfer prisms, coloured glass and glass bricks in comparison with the details of
Joseph Paxtons Crystal Palace. In discussing the details and to help interpret the
architects attitude towards glass, two concepts of transparency, literal and
phenomenal, would be brought into the essay.

While the two architects demonstrated similar affection towards glass due to its
fictive attributes, the underlying impacts created through the dissimilar
installations and intentions of transparent and translucent material were
clearly distinctive and could not be assessed through literal transparency alone.
For Paxton, glass enclosure in the Crystal Palace was intended to explore the
creation of natural environment for the visitors. On the contrary, for Taut, glass
was treated as an opaque element, which completely conceals the internal from
the external realm and lead to the creation of mythical spaces.

Then, comparisons would be made, which highlight the social, cultural and
emotional impact, as well as the quality of multisensory experiences felt by the
physical being who are contained within the architecture. Hence, this essay will
draw on these studies in conjunction with the details of both buildings with the
intention of revealing the meaning of transparency for Taut.




The discussion revolves around an examination of Tauts Glashaus in comparison
with the details of Joseph Paxtons Crystal Palace.
would be made by highlighting how different configuration of glass as a primary
material would


General understanding of transparency not sufficient
through the two concepts of transparency: literal and phenomenal. The two
concepts of transparency: literal and phenomenal, would be brought into the
essay in discussing the details

The advancing innovation of construction technology in the 19
th
and 20
th
century
has stimulated the reinvestigation of the potential of glass as a building material.