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DOCUMENT TITLE :
WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDING QUALITY
CONTROL for PIPING
Rev.
0
EFFECTIVE DATE
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
8.
SCOPE
DEFINITIONS
REFERENCES
WELDING PROCEDURE AND PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
GENERAL
DOCUMENTATION of WPSs AND PQRs
GENERAL WELDING REQUIREMENT for PIPING
WELDING REQUIREMENT for SPECIFIC MATERIAL
WELDING RODS AND ELECTRODES
WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION TEST
GENERAL
CLASSIFICATION of WELDER
REQUIRED TEST And ACCEPTANCE CRETERIA
RECORD of TESTS.
QUALITY CONTROL
GENERAL
QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURE
SUPPORTING PROCEDURE
INSPECTION and TEST
APPENDIXES.
REVISION RECORDS
REV.
DATE
DESCRIPTION
CONTRACTOR
Prepared by
ARS
Checked by
OWNER
Review by
Approved by
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DISTRIBUTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
REMARKS
SCOPE
This specification covers the requirements for welding procedures, welding procedure and
welder. Performance qualifications and the minimum quality control / inspection requirements
for piping welding.
This specification applies to piping welding work at the jobsite, as well as any prefabrication
shop(s), on-site or off-site, including piping welding as part of packaged equipment.
2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.
DEFINITI
ONS
Project Title
Contractor
Owner
:
:
:
2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.
REFERE
NCES
The requirements contained in the latest edition as of March 2009 of the following publications
shall form a part of this specification, unless a different edition is specified in the individual
datasheets, drawing or specification
-
ASME Sec. IX
ASME B31.1
: Power Piping
ASME B31.3
: Process Piping
ASME B 31.8
ASME B31.9
: Building Piping
ASME/ANSI B1.20.1
ASME/ANSI B 16.5.
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2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.3.
WELDIN
G
PROCED
URE AND
PROCED
URE
QUALIFI
CATION
4.1 General.
(1) In principle, welding procedures for piping using manual welding process (GTAW and/or SMAW
process) shall comply with Appendix-1 Outline of Recommended Welding Procedures for
Piping herein.
Detailed Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) and supporting Procedure Qualification
Records
(PQRs) for piping shall be prepared by Supplier in accordance with the requirements of local
Regulation applicable Code and this specification
Contractor shall submit WPSs and PQRs to Owner for review and approval prior to commencing
of any production welding.
(2) If Contractor intends to use manual welding procedures other than those specified in Appendix-1
herein or welding procedures for other piping materials not listen in Appendix-1 herein, Supplier
shall submit such welding procedures to Owner for review and approval. Supporting technical
data and/or evidence of previous satisfactory application shall also be submitted to Owner when
so requested.
(3) The use of semi-automatic or automatic FCAW/GTAW/GMAW/SAW process for piping welding
are acceptable at piping fabrication shop only within the limitation imposed in SPGN-P-PR-001
and the provision of the specific approval of Owner. Contractor shall submit satisfactory previous
experience, limitation on material, pipe size, thickness, welding position, etc. and quality control
method for Owner satisfaction.
(4) PQRs for previous jobs are acceptable provided that the contents of WPSs/PQRs satisfy all the
requirements of this specification except that the following WPSs shall require new qualification
at the jobsite or Contractor fabrication shop.
a) When an impact test is required, e.g., WPSs for low temperature carbon steels and austenitic
stainless steels in cryogenic service. Welding procedure qualification test shall be carried out
using exactly the same manufacturer and trade name of welding consumables to be used for
production welds. And the welding parameters shall be monitored by using proper equipment
such as electronic portable monitoring equipment.
b) When Contractor proposes to use semi-automatic or automatic welding process. Welding
procedure qualification test shall be carried out using the same manufacturer and trade name
of welding consumables, the same type of welding machine and essentially the same welding
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All butt welds and branch connection welds shall be full penetration welds unless otherwise
specifically approved by Owner for the specific piping.
(2)
The required weld size for branch connections, sockets, flanged connections and other
pressure- retaining welds shall comply with the requirements of applicable piping code. The
fillet weld size for support welds, etc., shall comply with the applicable piping standard
drawings approved by Owner
(3) The edge preparation and root gap for girth butt welds and branch connection welds shall
comply with the requirements/recommendations of applicable piping code and the approved
WPS.
(4) For butt welding of pipe sizes 2 inch NPS and smaller, the GTAW process shall be used for all
passes of the complete weld.
(5)
All pressure-retaining welds shall be made by multilayer welding (at least two layers)
regardless of pipe size, thickness and joint/weld type (butt, branch, socket or fillet). If it is not
practical for small bore piping, the GTAW process with a minimum two layers shall be used.
(6)
All welding shall be uphill for the vertical position unless otherwise approved by Owner for
pipeline welding.
(7)
Impact test requirements shall comply with the applicable piping code. In addition,
manufacturer and trade names of welding consumables shall be the essential variable for
procedure qualification when an impact test is required.
(8)
PWHT requirements for carbon and low alloy steels shall comply Subsection 4.4 and
Appendix-1 herein.
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Hardness test requirements for welding procedure qualification and production weld shall
comply with Subsection 4.4 herein.
(10) Front weld of slip-on flange shall be carefully done so that the flange face is not damaged.
(11) If a threaded joint need seal welding, it shall be made up without compound or seal tape, and
all exposed thread shall be covered by welds.
4.4 Welding Requirements for Specific Material.
4.4.1 Welding Carbon Steel and Low-Temperature Carbon Steels (P No.1)
(1) Root pass of girth butt welds and branch connection welds shall be made by the GTAW process
except as permitted in (2) & (3) below.
(2) Root pass of girth butt welds and branch connection welds shall be made by the SMAW process
using high cellulose type electrodes per AWS E6010, provided that the piping is for Category
D fluid service of ASME B31.3 and size is 3 inch NPS or greater.
(3) For large bore piping where accessible from inside double sides welding using SMAW, i,e weld
from outside, back-gouge or back-grind from inside and back weld from inside, is acceptable
provided that all weld slag is removed and pipe internal is thoroughly cleaned.
(4) Electrodes for the SMAW process shall be low-hydrogen types for all pressure-retaining parts of
piping except for the root pass of girth butt welds and branch connection welds described in (2)
above.
(5) The GTAW process (minimum of 2 layers) shall be used for socket welds unless otherwise
approved by Owner.
(6) Welding of carbon steel and low-temperature carbon steel piping shall required preheating at a
minimum 10C or as per Manufactures recommendation and it with a wall thickness 25.4mm or
greater shall require preheating at a minimum 80C.
(7) PWHT shall be applied either when required by applicable piping code or when required for
process reason, such as for piping in wet H2S (sour), amine or caustic service, as specified in the
applicable Project Specification and the piping service class. PWHT condition shall be those
specified in piping code and Appendix-1 herein, with a minimum holding time of one hour.
When PWHT is required for process reason, PWHT shall be required for not only pressure
retaining welds but also for attachment welds to the pressure parts.
(8) Each PQR for carbon steel piping in wet H2S (sour including lean and rich amine) service shall
include a hardness survey as per requirement of SPGN-P-PR-001. The maximum Brinell
hardness of production welds (on the deposited weld metal) in these shall be 200BHN.
4.4.2 Welding of C-1/2Mo and Cr-Mo Low-Alloy Steels (P. No. 3, 4 5A & 5B)
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4.4.4 The Welding of High-Nickel Alloys (such as Incoloy 800, 825, Inconel 600, 625, Monel, etc)
The same requirement for austenitic stainless steels shall apply to the welding of high-nickel alloys.
In addition:
(1) To avoid hot cracking, the weld area and adjacent area within 30mm of each side of the weld
shall be cleaned prior to welding. Acetone or an equivalent cleaning solvent should be used for
cleaning.
(2) Maximum inter pass temperature shall be 150 C or as per Manufacturers recommendation.
(3) All weld craters shall be ground off to eliminate possible crater cracks or pinholes.
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Separate qualification tests shall be conducted for Carbon Steel piping welders, Cr-Mo Low Alloy
Steel piping welders and Stainless Steel piping welders. These qualifications are not
interchangeable, even if the F. No. of ASME Section IX is the same. The qualification test for
Special Alloy piping welders shall comply with ASME Section IX.
Conspicuous identification is required for each class of welders for the purpose of avoiding weld
by a wrong class welder.
6.3 Required Test and Acceptance Criteria.
Each welder shall be clearly budged with the assigned test No. or their name for identification. Test
position shall be the 6G position. Grinding the external surfaces of welds is prohibited except for
crater treatment. The finished weld shall be cleaned by the welder with a chipping hammer and/or
wire brush, and shall be free from slag and arc spatters.
Welds shall be examined by visual inspection and radiographic examination as follows:
(1) Visual Welding
During and after welding, each welders skill, technique and appearance of their weld beads
shall be checked carefully. External weld reinforcement and internal protrusion shall be fused
with and shall be merged smoothly into the component surfaces. Cracks, incomplete
penetration, surface porosity, exposed slag inclusion and undercutting (over 0.5mm dept) are
unacceptable.
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Radiographic examination shall comply with QW-302.2 of ASME Sec. IX and acceptance
criteria per QW-191.
6.4 Records of Test.
At the construction site, after the welder performance qualification test, Contractor shall submit a
Welder Performance Qualification Test Record (per the format suggested in QW-484 of ASME
Section IX) and the photograph of each welder to Owner for site registration prior to commencing
any production welding.
7. QUALITY CONTROL
7.1 General
Contractor is wholly responsible for the quality of welding. To achieve and maintain the required
quality level as specified by the contract throughout the construction period, Contractor shall
establish an adequate quality control system, including the necessary quality control procedure(s)
and supporting procedure(s). Such system and procedures shall be subject to review and approval
by Owner before Contractor commences any piping work.
7.2 Quality Control Procedure
Contractor Quality Control procedure shall ensure that the following controls is fully implemented:
(1) The correct piping material is welded in accordance with the established WPS by a qualified
piping welder using a properly controlled, correct welding rod or electrode.
(2) Necessary examination (visual inspection, NDE, PMI, etc) and PWHT are properly performed
at the correct timing in accordance with the approved procedures by qualified personal without
oversight. The result must also be acceptable to Owner.
(3) When a defect is detected, an acceptable repair procedure shall be applied and the defect
thoroughly re-examined/accepted.
(4) Specified quality control and inspection records or reports shall be prepared, approved,
compiled and retained.
Contractor quality control procedures related to piping welding shall detail proper control methods
including, but not limited to the following:
-
Welding consumables control during storage, at fabrication shop and at site including
identification method of consumables, especially that have close chemistry.
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Weld joint numbering system on each ISO Drawing. or spool Drawing for recording of welder
identities and all the welding inspection results, including visual inspection/NDE/PMI/PWHT.
Marking each production weld with the joint number, welder identity and indication that visual
inspection is complete. (Note that hard die-stamping shall not be used on low temperature
service piping.)
Procedure for instructing welders of the correct WPS to be used for a specific weld joint.
(Especially for piping other than carbon steel piping).
Weld QC monitoring before, during and after welding, covering such precautions as protecting
welds from detrimental weather conditions such as wind or rain (including at the time of weld
interruption), condition of welding machines and cables, scaffolding, baking/handling and
correct usage of weld consumables, fit-up check including root gap/miss-alignment,
preheating, post heating, etc.
Procedure for release to pressure test of a piping system including documentation of a test
package, i.e., :
Checking satisfactory completion of all welding work and required welding inspections/
PWHT. (Summary/check sheet for the welding inspection results for each weld is
required.)
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7.4.4 Rejection
Defects that are outside the limits of the codes, project specifications or other requirements shall be
cause rejection and Contractor shall take such remedial action as is necessary to secure acceptance
and shall be at sole expense of Contractor.
8. APPENDIX
Appendix-1
Appendix 2
WELD TYPE
GW: Groove Weld (for butt & branch connection welds)
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THICK RANGE (thickness range) is applicable to butt welding. For fillet welding, there is no
limitation on thickness.
(3)
WELDING PROCESS
SMAW: Shielded Metal Arc Welding
GTAW: Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
(4)
When the ambient temperature is below 100 C, preheat to at least hand-warm (min.10 C) or
the specified preheat temperature, whichever is higher.
(5)
(6)
(A)
Groove weld (butt and branch connection welds) for pressure parts
(B)
(C)
Fillet welds between pressure parts and non-pressure parts, such as attachment welds for pad
plates, supports, and pipe shoes attached to run pipe.
(7)
Trade name TGS-50 (AWS A5.18, ER70S-G, KOBE STEEL LTD.) is also acceptable for
GTAW of carbon steel.
(8)
GTAW process is mandatory for butt welds in 2 inch NPS or smaller piping.
(9)
Trade name ER 70S-G or TGS-1N (KOBE STEEL LTD.) is also acceptable for GTAW of
low-temperature carbon steel piping down to 50 C.
(10)
Trade name LB 52 and LB52U (AWS A5.5, E7016-G, KOBE STEEL LTD.) is also
acceptable and recommended for SMAW of low-temperature carbon steel piping down to 50
C.
(11)
When low-temperature and wet H2S (sour) service is specified for the same piping, the
maximum nickel content of the filler metal shall be 1%.
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When AWS EXX16-XX is specified, EXX15-XX or EXX18-XX (low hydrogen type) is also
acceptable.
(13)
Preheat temperature may be lowered to minimum 100 C for GTAW root and second passes.
(14)
(15)
(16)
Welding consumable shall be selected for each type of austenitic stainless steel as follows:
BASE METAL
Type 304 a), b)
304L
304H
316 b)
316L
321
GTAW
SMAW
(AWS Class)
ER308 c)
ER308L
ER308H c)
ER316 c)
ER316
ER347 c)
(AWS Class)
E308-15,16 c)
E308-15,16 d)
E308H-15,16 c)
E316-15,16 c)
E316L-15,16 d)
E347-15,16 c)
When a minimum carbon content of 0.04% is specified for Type 304 SS piping for high
temperature service, the minimum carbon content of E/ER308 weld consumables shall be
0.04% or alternatively E/ER308H may be used.
b)
When Type 304 or Type 316 SS piping is used in cryogenic service, low carbon grade E/ER
308L or E/ER 316L shall be used. See also Note d) below.
c)
When PWHT is specified or the design temperature is above 550 C, ferrite content of weld
consumables shall be 3-10% (3FN-10FN). The ferrite content shall be checked for each
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For cryogenic service temperature of below 101 C down to 196 C, each heat/lot of SMAW
electrodes (except for GTAW rods) shall be impact tested and shall satisfy the impact test
requirements of ASME B31.3 at 196 C.
(17)
(18)
Contractor shall select the welding consumables to be overmatching weld metal tensile
properties with base material.
1
Carbon Steel
4, 5A, 5B
Cr-Mo Low
Alloy
8
Austenitic Stainless Steel
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Pressure
Class
150
300
600
900
>=1500
Non-Low
Temperature
Service
A
A
A
A
C+E
Low
Temperature
Service
(down to
-46C)
B+D
B+D
C+E
C+E
C+E
1Cr-0.5Mo to
9Cr-1Mo
NonCryogenic
Service
Cryogenic Service
(-46C to -196C)
C+F
C+F
C+F
C+F
C+F
B+D
B+D
B+D
C+E
C+E
B+F
C+F
C+F
C+F
C+F
Legend
A: 5% Random RT, i.e. Entire circumference of one weld out of every twenty welds shall be examined.
(Applicable to circumferential butt and miter welds.)
B: 10% Random RT, i.e. Entire circumference of one weld out of every ten welds shall be examined.
(Applicable to circumferential butt and miter welds.)
C: 100% RT for all circumferential butt and miter welds.
D: 10% MT or PT for pressure retaining welds except circumferential butt and miter welds, i.e., branch
connection, socket and other fillet welds.
E: 100% MT or PT for all pressure retaining welds except circumferential butt and miter welds, i.e., all
branch connection, socket and other fillet welds
F: 100% MT or PT for all pressure retaining welds including all circumferential butt and miter welds, all
branch connection, socket and other fillet welds. In addition, for Cr-Mo Low Alloy piping, all attachment
welds to pressure parts shall also be 100% MT examined.
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