Chapter 3, Solution 36

10 V
4 :
+
i
Applying mesh analysis gives,
10I
1
6I
2
= 12 and 6I
1
+ 8I
2
= 10
or

5
6
11
5 3
3 4
I
I
or
5
6
I
I
4 3
3 5
5
6
2
1
2
1
I
1
= (2415)/11 = 0.8182 and I
2
= (1825)/11 = 0.6364
i
1
= I
1
= 818.2 mA; i
2
= I
1
I
2
= 0.8182+0.6364 = 1.4546 A; and
i
3
= I
2
= 636.4 mA.
I
1
I
2

+ 12 V
6 : 2 :
1
i i
2 3
Chapter 3, Solution 52
For mesh 1,
2(i
1
i
2
) + 4(i
1
i
3
) 12 = 0 which leads to 3i
1
i
2
2i
3
= 6 (1)
(2)
or the independent current source, i
3
= 3 + i
2
(3)
olving (1), (2), and (3), we obtain,
i
1
= 3.5 A, i
2
= -0.5 A, i
3
= 2.5 A.
For the supermesh, 2(i
2
i
1
) + 8i
2
+ 2v
0
+ 4(i
3
i
1
) = 0
But v
0
= 2(i
1
i
2
) which leads to -i
1
+ 3i
2
+ 2i
3
= 0
F
S

+ V
S
+

2V
0
+
i
v
0
2

3A
i
1
i
3
8 :
4 :
2 :
i
2
i
3
Chapter 4, Solution 13.
Let , where v
1 2 o
v v v v = + +
3
1
, v
2
, and v
3
are due to the independent sources. To
find v
1
, consider the circuit below.
1
10
5 2 4.3478
10 8 5
v x x = =
+ +
To find v
2
, consider the circuit below.
2
8
5 4 6.9565
8 10 5
v x x = =
+ +
To find v
3
, consider the circuit below.
10 O
8 O
+
5 O
2 A
v
1
_
4 A
8 O
10 O
5 O
+
v
2
_
10 O
5 O
v
8 O
+
+
12 V
3
_
| |
= =
|
+ +
\ .
3
5
12 2.6087
5 10 8
v
1 2 3
8.6956 V
o
v v v v = + + = =8.696V.
Chapter 4, Solution 23
If we transform the voltage source, we obtain the circuit below.
8O

10O 6O 3O 5A
3A
3//6 = 2-ohm. Convert the current sources to voltages sources as shown below.
10O 8O 2O
+ +
10V
30V -
-
Applying KVL to the loop gives
= + + + + 0 ) 2 8 10 ( 10 30 I I = 1 A
8 W = = = R I VI p
2
Chapter 4, Solution 38
We find Thevenin equivalent at the terminals of the 10-ohm resistor. For R
Th
, consider
the circuit below.
1O
4O
5O
R
Th
16O


O = + = + + = 5 4 1 ) 16 4 //( 5 1
Th
R
For V
Th
, consider the circuit below.
1O
V
1
4O V
2
5O +
3A 16O V
Th

+
-

12 V
-
At node 1,
2 1
2 1 1
4 5 48
4 16
3 V V
V V V
=

+ = (1)
At node 2,
2 1
2 2 1
9 5 48 0
5
12
4
V V
V V V
+ = =

(2)
Solving (1) and (2) leads to
2 . 19
2
= = V V
Th
Thus, the given circuit can be replaced as shown below.
5O
+ +
19.2V V
o
10O
- -
Using voltage division,
) 2 . 19 (
5 10
10
+
=
o
V = 12.8 V.
Chapter 4, Solution 43.
To find R
Th
, consider the circuit in Fig. (a).
R
Th
a b
R
Th
= 10||10 + 5 = 10 ohms
To find V
Th
, consider the circuit in Fig. (b).
v
b
= 2x5 = 10 V, v
a
= 20/2 = 10 V
But, -v
a
+ V
Th
+ v
b
= 0, or V
Th
= v
a
v
b
= 0 volts
(a)
10O 10O 5 O
10 O
a b
+
V
Th
(b)
20V
+

2 A
10 O
+
v
a

+
v
b

5 O
Chapter 4, Solution 50.
From Fig. (a), R
N
= 6 + 4 = 10 ohms
6 O 6 O
From Fig. (b), 2 + (12 v)/6 = v/4, or v = 9.6 V
-I
N
= (12 v)/6 = 0.4, which leads to I
N
= -0.4 A
Combining the Norton equivalent with the right-hand side of the original circuit produces
the circuit in Fig. (c).
i = [10/(10 + 5)] (4 0.4) = 2.4 A
4 O
(a)
12V
+

I
sc
= I
N
4 O
2A
(b)
i
10 O 5 O
(c)
0.4A 4A
Chapter 4, Solution 56.
We remove the 1-kO resistor temporarily and find Norton equivalent across its terminals.
R
eq
is obtained from the circuit below.
12 kO 2 kO 10 kO
c
R 24 kO N
c
R
eq
= 10 + 2 + (12//24) = 12+8 = 20 kO
I
N
is obtained from the circuit below.
We can use superposition theorem to find I
N
. Let I
N
= I
1
+ I
2
, where I
1
and I
2
are due
to 16-V and 3-mA sources respectively. We find I
1
using the circuit below.
12 k 2 k 10 k
+
_
36 V 3 mA 24 kO b I
N
12 k 2 k 10 k
+
_
36 V 24 kO b I
1
Using source transformation, we obtain the circuit below.
12 k
12//24 = 8 kO
1
8
(3 ) 1.2 mA
8 12
I mA = =
+
To find I
2
, consider the circuit below.
2k + 12k//24 k = 10 kO
I
2
=0.5(-3mA) = -1.5 mA
I
N
= 1.2 1.5 = -0.3 mA
The Norton equivalent with the 1-kO resistor is shown below
+
V
o

V
o
= 1k(20/(20+1))(-0.3 mA) = -285.7 mV.
12 k
3 mA 24 k
b I
1
2 k 10 k
12 k
24 k 3 mA
b I
2
a
20 kO 1 kO
I
n
b