Inherency:

Nano Development in Mexico is on the rise its unregulated and risks spinning out of control
Inter Press Service 2k12
(Tierramrica, MEXICO: Scientists Call For Regulation of Nanotechnology, 03/12/2012,
http://www.tierramerica.info/nota.php?lang=eng&idnews=3920&olt=568, AC)
MEXICO CITY, Mar 12 (Tierramrica).- Nanotechnology, which is currently unregulated in
Mexico , could pose serious threats to human health and the environment , cautions a
new study. "Far from a policy of precaution vis--vis these new technologies, products are entering the
market without regulation to guarantee their safety or labels to inform of their use," researcher
Guillermo Foladori of the public Autonomous University of Zacatecas told Tierramrica. Foladori and his colleague
Noela Invernizzi are the co-authors of a new report, "Implicaciones sociales y ambientales zdel desarrollo de las
nanotecnologas en Amrica Latina y el Caribe" (Social and Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology
Development in Latin America and the Caribbean), presented on Mar. 7 in Mexico City. Nanotechnology
involves the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale to change its physical
and chemical properties, and is used in electronic components, cosmetics and packaging, among other
products.


Plan Text
Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase nanotechnology
assistance and regulation with Mexico.
Solvency:

US Science and Technology assistance uniquely key to solve many global issues -
development, diplomacy, economic growth, poverty alleviation, agriculture, food security,
health, climate, environment, democracy, and innovation countries will say yes
Fedoroff 8 subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110
Congress, administrator of USAID, science and technology advisor to the Secretary of State and US Department of State (Nina, International
Science and Technology Cooperation, Government Printing Office, 4/2/2008, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-
110hhrg41470/html/CHRG-110hhrg41470.htm)//RH
Development can directly support diplomacy and science is an integral part of
development . The foci of our foreign assistance are building self-sustaining
economies and poverty alleviation, transforming agriculture and resolving food
insecurity, solving global health problems, climate and environment, as well as building
democracy and supporting the rule of law. Science and technology have a role to play in
all of these . Science, engineering, and technology are eagerly desired by developing
countries and remain among the most admired aspects of American society. Access to S&T
is a key component of innovation, which in turn, is a key component of economic
competitiveness in all countries, at every stage of development. Investments in science and technology have
long been recognized as a key element of development strategies to lift people out of poverty and onto a path
of self-sufficiency and sustainable growth.

Nanotechnology directly impacts our economy, environment, health, and technological
advances positively for the better
OMICS 13 (OMICS, International organization toward science, Nano Technology Conference- 2012 by OMICS Group,
http://www.omicspublishinggroup.org/conference-nano-technology-2012/)
Nanotechnology is a group of emerging technical innovations in which the framework of
matter is controlled at the nanometer scale, the range of small numbers of atoms, to
generate novel elements and devices for controllable properties. It does not have to be as small as
molecules, but it is much smaller in size than anything you can see with your naked eye. The nanotechnology research encompasses observations
and studies that are encouraged by OMICS Publishing Group as it promotes research across disciplines. Nanotechnology enhances
new elements and manufacturing opportunities, which in turn will significantly impact our
economic system, our environment, and our society. It has provision for creating
innovative tools to help create a more energy efficient world through sources like fuel cells,
batteries and solar panels. This technology applied to separators and chemicals more research to enable it to be a major energy
storage solution. More advanced scope of the discipline would be discussed at the meet organized by OMICS Publishing Group. The latest
works in nanotechnology involve components smaller than 100 nanometers. It is rapidly becoming an interdisciplinary field. Researchers,
physicists and engineers are all involved in the research of compounds at the nano-scale, and OMICS Publishing Group has invited the best
among those researchers for delivering presentations at nanotechnology conference 2012. Nanotechnology solves global challenges by producing
and applying new multidisciplinary knowledge of nanoscale phenomena that are discussed at the natek-2013 organized by the OMICS Publishing
Group. It may also be able to invent new materials and instruments which would be very useful,
such as in medication, computer systems, and making efficient low-energy lighting. The term
nanotechnology encompasses many different fields and areas of expertise, such as engineering technology, electronics, and medication in terms
of a billionth of a meter, or the size of six atoms in a row. The OMICS Publishing Group takes a keen interest in disseminating knowledge in the
concerned field through expert literature and organizing events to reach the objective.

A2: Poverty

Mexicos poverty is high
Hart 9/4 (Stanley Hart, editor on the guardian.com, Mexico: on the verge of a Meltdown,
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/04/mexico-fragile-state-president-pena-nieto)
To be fair, Mexico has advanced at least from a macroeconomic perspective. When I first arrived, the Mexican peso had more zeros than
one could count, inflation was close to 100% with high unemployment and all of the other issues affecting a
very troubled economy. Today, GDP growth is positive, Mexico has many trade agreements, democracy exists, and economically
speaking, Mexico is stable, although about half the population lives in poverty. Mexico is a fragile point, as President
Enrique Pea Nieto, who is in his first year in office, knows well. I fear that much of the progress I have seen since I moved here will be undone.

A3: US and Mexico Hegemony/Economy

Mexican economy is low
Hart 9/4 (Stanley Hart, editor on the guardian.com, Mexico: on the verge of a Meltdown,
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/04/mexico-fragile-state-president-pena-nieto)
To be fair, Mexico has advanced at least from a macroeconomic perspective. When I first arrived, the Mexican peso had more zeros than one
could count, inflation was close to 100% with high unemployment and all of the other issues affecting a very troubled economy. Today, GDP
growth is positive, Mexico has many trade agreements, democracy exists, and economically speaking, Mexico is stable, although about half the
population lives in poverty. Mexico is a fragile point, as President Enrique Pea Nieto, who is in his
first year in office, knows well. I fear that much of the progress I have seen since I moved
here will be undone. The violence is mostly drug related. The drug business for Mexico represents around $50 billion, according to
some sources. Obviously, no one knows the full extent. That's a lot of money, more than tourism and remittances, which are two basic sources
other than oil for the entry of foreign currency into Mexico. How is that money used? Payoffs to police and politicians perhaps, payoffs to border
guards perhaps, saved in tunnels and safe houses for future use and, of course, the purchase of weapons principally from the US. What we do
know is that the "drug war" has claimed 60,000 lives in Mexico since 2006 alone.

US Science and Technological assistance is key to diplomacy, national security, and
economy
Fedoroff 8 subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110
Congress, administrator of USAID, science and technology advisor to the Secretary of State and US Department of State (Nina, International
Science and Technology Cooperation, Government Printing Office, 4/2/2008, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-
110hhrg41470/html/CHRG-110hhrg41470.htm)//RH
Encouraging, and more importantly, assisting countries to use science and technology to build food security,
manage land and water resources, and create knowledge-based economic opportunities, are essential goals for
U.S. diplomacy and U.S. national security. Indeed, they are a central element of the Secretary's Transformational
Diplomacy Initiative. Let me give you just one small personal example of science diplomacy, from my experience before I came
to State. I am a plant molecular biologist and geneticist. In 2004, I published a book on the science behind genetically modified plants, generally
known as GM crops, or GMOs. Not long after, I received an e-mail from a junior Foreign Service Officer in the American Embassy in
Bangladesh, inviting me to come and speak about GMOs. Bangladesh is a poor country, with a limited amount of arable land, and a still-
growing population. It badly needs contemporary science to increase its agricultural output. Caught
between U.S. acceptance and Europe's continued rejection of GM crops, Bangladesh had not developed its own GM
policy. The conference opened an important dialogue among scientists in our country and
theirs, diplomats and government officials, as well as the local press, in the effort to distinguish fact from fiction in this highly charged area
and move forward. There is a growing recognition that science and technology are, and will increasingly be, the
drivers of the successful economies of the 21st Century. From countries to companies, today's organizations
are shaped by their expertise in science, technology, and engineering. Improving the welfare and stability
of the poorest nations will require a concerted effort by the developed world to address the underlying disparities in access to the education, the
science, and the technology essential for economic growth. The world also faces common threats, climate change, energy and water shortages,
infectious diseases, and environmental degradation. Such threats are blind to political boundaries. The birds that spread avian flu don't apply for
visas or stop at border crossings. Addressing global challenges necessitates international scientific
cooperation. Scientists speak a common language, making it possible for members of ideologically divergent societies to cooperatively
address the problems confronting all of us.


Economic engagement toward Mexico is key to Hegemony in US and Mexicoempirical
evidence proves
Sabatini, senior director of policy at the Americas Society and Council of the Americas, 13
(Christopher. senior director of policy at the Americas Society and Council of the Americas. "Will Latin America Miss US Hegemony." Journal of
International Affairs 66.1 (2013): Print. JMR)

Even during the height of U.S. power in the region, it did not act alone, nor did it act in the
most cynical of terms. In the cases of intervention--from the days of Dollar Diplomacy to the U.S.-supported
insurrection in Guatemala in 1954--the United States did so with the support (at times even at the request of) segments
of the local populations. Nor were U.S. actions driven only by its own narrow national
interests. Policymakers often acted in what they believed to be in the broader interests of
development, peace, and prosperity, but for the very citizens of the countries, were rooted in
the perceived risks communism posed to human rights and economic freedom. It was in this sense
that, despite the litany of abuses (assumed or real), the United States gave cause and breath to real interests
and benefits in the region. Those contributions to rights and freedoms and to political and
economic stability became particularly true in the waning years of the Cold War and the
decades after. In the late 1980s, the United States provided diplomatic and material support to the "No" coalition that opposed the
continued rule of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile and that eventually paved the way for Chilean democracy today. The creation of
and push for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which entered into force in
1993, has tied together the economies of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. By
providing access to the U.S. market, Mexico has become an exporter of manufactured goods
and looks poised to become a global economic leader. In 2000, the United States, in collaboration
with the Colombian government, developed Plan Colombia to provide the technical and
financial assistance that allowed the one-time beleaguered Colombian state to re-establish
security, reduce crime, and regain state control over its territory from armed guerrillas and
paramilitaries. And the United States through bilateral assistance and the support of local nongovernmental
organizations (NGO) has helped to ensure free and fair elections in countries such as Guatemala, El
Salvador, the Dominican Republic, and Peru. Through these efforts, the United States has
assisted in ushering in one of the longest periods of democratic rule and expanded political
representation in the region's history. While suspicions over U.S. interventions of the past remain a part of the Latin
American perspective, leaders like Chavez, Morales, Correa, and the Kirchners (first under President Nestor and today under his wife, President
Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner) have cynically stoked those fears to avoid or distract domestic and international criticism. Too often, scholars
and observers have taken these suspicions as the example of the decline in U.S. power or deep-rooted, insoluble anti-Americanism. (10) Yet, as
Baker and Cupery demonstrate, the patterns of popular anti-Americanism are in fact not correlated with
what authors like McPherson and Sweig assume to be its causes: patterns of intervention, proximity, or economic
dominance. Instead, Baker and Cupery demonstrate that positive assessments of the United States are
most closely linked with close commercial relations and consumption of U.S.
products, irrespective of the other factors often wrongly assumed to shape anti-
Americanism. (11)



A4: Science and Technology

US Science and Technology innovation is on the decline
McCoy 10 (Alfred W. McCoy. Editor of TheNation.com, The Decline and Fall of the American Empire,
http://www.thenation.com/article/156851/decline-and-fall-american-empire#axzz2f7baGFDW)
Today, three main threats exist to Americas dominant position in the global economy: loss
of economic clout thanks to a shrinking share of world trade, the decline of American
technological innovation, and the end of the dollar's privileged status as the global reserve
currency. By 2008, the United States had already fallen to number three in global merchandise exports, with just 11% of them compared to
12% for China and 16% for the European Union. There is no reason to believe that this trend will reverse itself. Similarly, American
leadership in technological innovation is on the wane. In 2008, the US was still number two
behind Japan in worldwide patent applications with 232,000, but China was closing fast at
195,000, thanks to a blistering 400% increase since 2000. A harbinger of further decline: in
2009 the US hit rock bottom in ranking among the 40 nations surveyed by the Information
Technology & Innovation Foundation when it came to change in global innovation-
based competitiveness during the previous decade. Adding substance to these statistics, in October China's
Defense Ministry unveiled the world's fastest supercomputer, the Tianhe-1A, so powerful,
said one US expert, that it blows away the existing No. 1 machine in America.

More Science & Technology is needed now to maintain leadership empirics prove
Hummel et al 12 Hummel - Ph.D in Mathematics, Chief Scientist at Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, former project manager at
DARPA. Cheetham Research Associate for Academic Centers and Programs at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, research and analytical
support to policy development projects for DOD (Robert Hummel, Patrick Cheetham, Justin Rossi, US Science and Technology Leadership, and
Technology Grand Challenges, Synesis, 2012, http://www.synesisjournal.com/vol3_g/Hummel_2012_G14-39.pdf)//RH
The US enjoys a science and technology (S&T) enterprise that is the envy of the world. Our universities, industries, laboratories, and government
institutions have developed and used technology that has driven economic benefits and secured superpower defense status. The US remains the
leader in S&T innovation, a position enjoyed since World War II. While the health of the US S&T enterprise remains strong, there are
considerable stresses within each major component. Some believe that the US position as leader in S&T could falter, at least in some fields. We
review the stresses in various components of the S&T enterprise and the evidence of trends in S&T quality. We conclude that the enterprise
maintains a leadership position for now. We believe that this leadership position, in order to be maintained,
requires specific challenges, to aim at goalposts. While most of the work in the S&T fields result in incremental
improvements to products and capabilities, certain grand challenges are within our grasp if the science and
technology community is provided with specific directions and priorities. Much as the 1961
call by then-President Kennedy, for a manned mission to the moon and safe return with a deadline of
less than a decade, provided an impetus for advances and accomplishments that benefited
the nation, national security, and society in general, so too it should be possible to develop certain
specific applications in reasonable time-frames that achieve new specific goals.


Science & Technology is key to maximize cooperation on global issues and solve medicine,
economy, relations, and national security this leads to global stability empirics prove
Baird 8 subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110 Congress,
former House Representative for 3
rd
Congressional District (Brian, International Science and Technology Cooperation, Government Printing
Office, 4/2/2008, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg41470/html/CHRG-110hhrg41470.htm)//RH
Unfortunately, I also learned that we must do more to maximize the effectiveness of science and
technology cooperation. Cooperation should not be pursued simply as a means of achieving
bigger and better science. It should also be pursued for the sake of development,
diplomacy, and informing decision-makers around the world about critical environmental,
security, economic, resource and health issues. It seems to me that the Federal Government
might need an organization and a process dedicated to setting government-wide priorities
and overseeing implementation of those priorities. One of my goals for this hearing is to understand how--or if--the
Federal Government sets priorities for international science cooperation, and who is or who should be responsible for coordinating and
overseeing the entire effort. There have been some attempts in the past--such as the creation of a Committee on
International Science, Engineering and Technology under the President's National Science and Technology Council--to assign that task to a
dedicated organization. Some experts have suggested assigning this task to the State Department itself. To that end, Congress created a Science
and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State in 1999. Dr. Nina Fedoroff is the third renowned scientist to hold that position. In a
demonstration of her commitment to better integrate science in our diplomatic activities, Dr. Fedoroff personally lobbied Secretary Rice to
broaden her job description to include Science Adviser to the Administrator of USAID. While the State Department may be at the center of many
of these efforts, I would be remiss to downplay the critical role played by a number of other agencies, including the National Science Foundation;
the mission agencies, represented here today by NASA; and the Office of Science and Technology Policy, which has responsibility both for
advising the President on the science and technology components of national and international issues, and for coordinating research and
development activities across the Federal Government. Today, representatives from these agencies will tell us about current efforts and
opportunities in international science and technology cooperation and help us understand how such cooperation benefits the United States and the
world. I want to thank all of the witnesses for taking the time to appear before the Committee this morning and I look forward to your testimony.
Mr. Neugebauer. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman, and good morning, and Dr. Ehlers is sorry he could not be here to greet these esteemed--to hear
these great witnesses today, and hear their testimony, but he is giving his own testimony before a committee this morning, and cannot be here.
Hopefully, we will have the benefit of his presence shortly, but in the meantime, I ask unanimous consent that his opening statement be inserted
into the record. Chairman Baird. Without objection. [The prepared statement of Mr. Ehlers follows:] Prepared Statement of Representative
Vernon J. Ehlers International diplomacy can be crafted through a variety of mediums. Science and technology as a vehicle
of diplomacy has been explored by our nation, but I believe it is currently underutilized. This
hearing will help us understand both the established foundation of science diplomacy and how we might
build upon it. While I share the concern about the fiscal year 2008 omnibus and its impact on the ITER agreement, this is only one
symptom of a greater problem: the perceived worth that scientific collaboration has to our foreign affairs. While it is hard to gauge the return on
investment in international science and technology cooperation, it is much easier to realize the cost of not investing
in these types of endeavors. Furthermore, the U.S. will not remain globally competitive in science
and technology unless we are able to work with international partners on large facilities that simply
cannot be financed by individual nations. In many fields, U.S. researchers would be crippled by lack of
participation in these activities. I am very pleased that Dr. Fedoroff is testifying today and I believe that the Science and
Technology Advisor position at the Department of State has helped build the profile of science and technology diplomacy. Thank you for your
attendance, and I look forward to testimony from our panel today. Mr. Neugebauer. The issue of international science and technology cooperation
is one of importance to this nation. This committee spends a significant amount of time talking about American science and technology
developments and improvements in terms of global competitiveness. That is as it should be, and is necessary if we are going to remain ahead of
the innovation curve. We do not spend as much time talking or hearing about global cooperation and collaboration when it comes to science and
technology, but we are actively involved in these equally important endeavors, and I commend the Chairman for his interest in this topic, and for
calling this hearing today. I am pleased to see that we have such a distinguished panel before us this morning to give us an update on what their
agencies are doing and any challenges or obstacles that they may be facing when it comes to international cooperation. I thank you for coming,
and I look forward to your testimony, and I yield back the balance of my time. [The prepared statement of Mr. Neugebauer follows:] Prepared
Statement of Representative Randy Neugebauer Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and good morning. Dr. Ehlers is sorry he cannot be here to greet these
esteemed witnesses and hear their testimony, but he is giving his own testimony before another Committee this morning and cannot be here.
Hopefully, we will have the benefit of his presence shortly, but in the meantime, I ask unanimous consent that his opening statement be inserted
for the record. The issue of international science and technology cooperation is one of importance to this nation. This committee spends a
significant amount of time talking about American science and technology developments and improvements in terms of global competitiveness.
That is as it should be and is necessary if we are to remain ahead of the innovation curve. We do not spend as much time talking or hearing about
global cooperation and collaboration when it comes to science and technology, but we are actively involved in these equally important endeavors,
and I commend the Chairman for his interest in this topic and for calling this hearing today. I am pleased to see that we have such a distinguished
panel before us this morning to give us an update on what their agencies are doing and any challenges or obstacles they may be facing when it
comes to international cooperation. I thank you for coming; I look forward to your testimony; and I yield back the balance of my time. Chairman
Baird. Thank you, Mr. Neugebauer. If there are Members who wish to submit additional opening statements, your statements will be added to the
record at this point. [The prepared statement of Ms. Johnson follows:] Prepared Statement of Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson Good
morning. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for holding today's hearing on international collaborations in science and technology. In addition to my
service on this committee, I also lead an International Woman's Peace Initiative that is dedicated to improving peace through the empowerment of
women. I will be interested to know how our federal science enterprise is reaching out to other nations and utilizing scientific collaborations to
strengthen ties to them. Specifically, S&T outreach to the Middle East is of interest to me. I have also had the opportunity to travel to Cuba
several times. I know that the United States has medical students who are there, trying to earn their medical degrees. International
scientific collaborations with Cuba have decreased dramatically under the current Administration. This
stricture has robbed American citizens of important medical breakthroughs, simply because our
diplomats don't want to do business with Cuba. Scientific collaborations, when pursued, can serve as salve in
old wounds, to speed their healing. When those bonds are loosened or broken, harm may be done. I want to thank today's
panelists for your presence here today and for the information that you are about to share. Members of this committee want to ensure that
international collaborations are sustained and are well-coordinated. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back. [The prepared statement of Mr.
Carnahan follows:] Prepared Statement of Representative Russ Carnahan Mr. Chairman, thank you for hosting this important hearing on
international science and technology. As a Member of both the Subcommittee on Research and Science Education and the House Committee on
Foreign Affairs, I am pointedly interested in the coordination of international science and technology diplomacy. The United States
has a central role in science diplomacy, building more positive relationships with other
countries through science. We also understand that the U.S. can better affect U.S. national security
and economic interests by helping to build technological capacity in other countries. I am
particularly interested in the role that the Department of State plays in the effort and look forward to hearing more details.




Poverty high in Mexico
Solvency