Project:

Proposed High End Condo @ Sunway Southern Precinct

Client:

Sunway South Quay Sdn. Bhd.

Jurutera Perunding Tegap Sdn. Bhd.

Made by

Date

Calvin
Basement wall design to BS8110:1997, BS8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.
Originated from 'RCC61 Basement Wall.xls' on CD

Page

03-Nov-2014

Checked

Revision

Ir. YH Teoh

1999 BCA for RCC

1
Job No

IDEALISED STRUCTURE and FORCE DIAGRAMS

05162

DESIGN STATUS : VALID

L G K , L Q K in k N /m

X
S G K , S Q K in k N /m

W G K , W Q K in k N / m

P r o p b y G r o u n d F lo o r
E X T E R N A L

T W

H E

W A T E R

B 1

LW

Tb

LE

LS

H W

LL

B A S E M E N T

B
DIMENSIONS

(mm)
H=
Hw =
He =

3000
2000
3000

B=
BI =

3000
300

Tw =
Tb =

175
200

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
2
gm =
30
N/mm
gm =
460
N/mm2
Cover to tension reinforcement (co) =
Max. allowable design surface crack width (W) =
Concrete density =

1.50
1.05
40
0.3
24.0

concrete
steel
mm
mm
kN/m3

Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l () =

Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) =
Density of retained mat'l (q ) =
Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) =
Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (b) =
Design cohesion of base mat'l (Cb ) =
Density of base mat'l (qb ) =
Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) =

30
0
18
0.00
30
0
18
100

degree
kN/m2
kN/m3
kN/m3
degree
kN/m2
kN/m3
kN/m2

Surcharge load -- live (SQK) =

Surcharge load -- dead (SGK) =
Line load -- live (LQK) =
Line load -- dead (LGK) =
Distance of line load from wall (X) =
Wall load -- live (WQK) =
Wall load -- Dead (WGK) =

1.5
10
0
0
0
0
0

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m
kN/m
mm
kN/m
kN/m

0.50
1.41

default Ko = (1-SIN ) =
= 2Ko0.5

fcu =
fy =

Wall Geometry

SOIL PROPERTIES
(Only granular backfill considered, ie "C" = 0)
(default=2/3 of q), only apply when Hw >0
=
ASSUMPTIONS
a) Wall friction is zero
b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH
c) Granular backfill
h) Design not intended for walls over 3.5 m high

LOADINGS (unfactored)

LATERAL FORCES

Ko
Kac
Force (kN)

PE =

=
=

Lever arm (m)

22.50

LE =

1.267

0.50

gf

Ultimate Force (kN)

1.40

31.50

12.00

Project

Proposed High End Condo @ Sunway Southern Precinct

Client

Sunway South Quay Sdn. Bhd.

Jurutera Perunding Tegap Sdn. Bhd.

Made by

Date

Page

Calvin
Basement wall design to BS8110:1997, BS8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.
Originated from 'RCC61 Basement Wall.xls' on CD

Checked

03-Nov-2014
Job No

Ir. YH Teoh

1999 BCA for RCC

Revision

EXTERNAL STABILITY

05162

STABILITY CHECK :

OK

ANALYSIS - Assumptions & Notes

1) Wall idealised as a propped cantilever ( i.e. pinned at top and fixed at base )
2) Wall is braced.
3) Maximum slenderness of wall is limited to 15, i.e [ 0.9*(He-Tb/2)/Tw < 15 ]
4) Maximum Ultimate axial load on wall is limited to 0.1fcu times the wall cross-sectional area
5) Design Span (Effective wall height) = He - (Tb/2)
6) -ve moment is hogging ( i.e. tension at external face of wall )
+ve moment is sagging ( i.e. tension at internal face of wall )
7) " Wall MT. " is maximum +ve moment on the wall.
8) Estimated lateral deflections are used for checking the PD effect .
UNFACTORED LOADS AND FORCES

Lateral Force

Force
(kN)

Lever arm
to base (m)

Base MT.
(kNm)

Wall MT.
(kNm)

Reaction at
Base (kN)

Reaction at
Top (kN)

Estimated Elastic
Deflection D (mm)

PE
PS(GK)
PS(QK)
PL(GK)
PL(QK)
PW

=
=
=
=
=
=

21.60
14.50
2.17
0.00
0.00
18.05

1.22
1.45
1.45
2.90
2.90
0.63

-8.74
-5.26
-0.79
0.00
0.00
-6.55

5.98
2.96
0.44
0.00
0.00
2.33

15.55
9.06
1.36
0.00
0.00
16.37

6.05
5.44
0.82
0.00
0.00
1.68

0.7
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2

Total

56.32

-21.33

11.72

42.33

13.99

1.5

GROUND BEARING FAILURE

LOAD CASE:
Taking moments about centre of base (anticlockwise "+")
Vertical FORCES (kN)

Wall load =
Wall (sw) =
Base =
Earth =
Water =
Surcharge =
Line load =
V=

SLIDING AT BASE

0
11.76
14.40
5.40
5.40
3.45
0.00
40.41

Lever arm (m)

Moment (kNm)

1.11
1.11
0.00
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.20

0
13.08
0.00
7.29
7.29
4.66
0.00
Mv =
32.32

MIN
MAX

0
1

BEARING PRESSURE (kN/m)

0.00
0

MOMENT due to LATERAL FORCES, Mo =

-21.33

kNm

RESULTANT MOMENT, M = Mv + Mo =

10.99

kNm

ECCENTRICITY FROM BASE CENTRE, M / V =

MAXIMUM GROSS BEARING PRESSURE =

0.27

m
kN/m2

20.79

42.33
-23.33

3.00

50

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor)

SUM of LATERAL FORCES, P =
BASE FRICTION, Fb = - ( V TANb + B.Cb ) =

Wall Load
Surcharge

< 100
F.O.S =

OK

1.50

kN
kN

Factor of Safety, Fb / P =

0.55

< 1.50

therefore, LATERAL RESISTANCE to be provided by BASEMENT SLAB = 40.17 kN

FAIL .. but

Project:

Proposed High End Condo @ Sunway Southern Precinct

Client:

Sunway South Quay Sdn. Bhd.

Jurutera Perunding Tegap Sdn. Bhd.

Made by

Calvin
Basement wall design to BS8110:1997, BS8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.
Originated from 'RCC61 Basement Wall.xls' on CD

OUTER BASE ( per metre length )

gf =

Ult. Shear =
Ult. MT. =

Revision

4
Job No

05162
BS8110

1.50
-8.85
-1.56

(ASSUMED)
kN
kNm

reference

(AT d from FACE of WALL)

TENSION - TOP FACE
260
12
200
565

mm2
mm
mm
mm2

d=
Z=
As' =
Mres =

154
145
0
35.86

mm
mm
mm2
kNm

> 1.56

OK

100As/bd =
vc =
Vres =

0.45%
0.61

N/mm2
kN

> -8.85

OK

3.5.5.2

mm

< 0.30

OK

App. B.2

Min. As =
f=
centres =
As =

MOMENT of RESISTANCE :

SHEAR RESISTANCE:

CHECK CRACK WIDTH IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS8007 :

X=
Acr =

44.81
104.07

mm
mm

INNER BASE ( per metre length )

Ult. Shear =
Ult. MT. =

-24.91
30.44

kN
kNm

em =
W=

SHEAR RESISTANCE:

OK
OK

3.4.4.4

Table 3.8

BS8007

mm2
mm
mm
mm2

< 474
> 260

OK
OK

d=
Z=
As' =
Mres =

154
145
0
35.86

mm
mm
mm2
kNm

> 30.44

OK

100As/bd =
vc =
Vres =

0.37%
0.61

N/mm2
kN

> 24.91

OK

3.5.5.2

mm

< 0.30

OK

App. B.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS8007 :

REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY for BASE

-0.001068818
-0.18

< 474
> 260

260
12
200
565

Min. As =
f=
centres =
As =

MOMENT of RESISTANCE :

44.81
104.07

94.02

Table 3.25

(AT d from FACE of WALL)

TENSION - BOTTOM FACE

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT :

TOP
BOTTOM
TRANSVERSE

Page

03-Nov-2014

Ir. YH Teoh

1999 BCA for RCC

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT :

X=
Acr =

Checked

Date

mm
mm

em =
W=

94.02

0.000859042
0.15

Table 3.25

3.4.4.4

Table 3.8

BS8007

Type

centres

As

Min. As

T
T
T

mm
12
12
12

mm
200
200
200

mm2
565
565
565

mm2
260
260
260

OK
OK
OK

Project:

Proposed High End Condo @ Sunway Southern Precinct

Client:

Sunway South Quay Sdn. Bhd.

Jurutera Perunding Tegap Sdn. Bhd.

Made by

Calvin
Basement wall design to BS8110:1997, BS8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.
Originated from 'RCC61 Basement Wall.xls' on CD

Checked

Date

Page

03-Nov-2014
Revision

Ir. YH Teoh

1999 BCA for RCC

05162

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF REINFORCEMENT per metre length of wall

No.

Type

Dia

Length

Unit Wt

Weight

WALL VERTICAL - External face

VERTICAL - Internal face
TRANSVERSE (Ext.+ Int.)

7
7
30

T
T
T

12
16
12

2896
2928
1000

0.888
1.578
0.888

18.00
32.35
26.63

BASE TOP (MAIN)

BOTTOM (MAIN)
TRANSVERSE ( T & B )
WALL STARTERS (Ext.)
WALL STARTERS (Int.)

6
6
32
7
7

T
T
T
T
T

12
12
12
12
16

3096
3096
1000
851
1043

0.888
0.888
0.888
0.888
1.578

16.49
16.49
28.41
5.29
11.52

SUMMARY

5
Job No

Total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg)

155

Project
Location

Proposed High End Condo @ Sunway Southern Precinct

DATA FOR DIAGRAMS I
0
Basement wall design to BS8110:1997, BS8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.
sheet 1 of 2
Originated from 'RCC61 Basement Wall.xls' on CD

Job No 05162
Date 3-Nov-14

IF(ECCY>(B/1000)/6,IF(XX>(B/1000/2-ECCY)*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3-XX)/((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3))*BP),((VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/(B/1000))))+(B/1000-XX)/(B/1000)*(BP(VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/(B/1000)))))

IF(ABS(ECCY)>(B/1000)/6,IF((B-XX)>(B/1000/2-ABS(ECCY))*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ABS(ECCY))*3-(B-XX))/((B/1000/2-ABS(ECCY))*3))*BP),((VL/(B/1000)*(1(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))) +(B/1000-(B-XX))/(B/1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))))
IF(ABS(ECCY)>(B/1000)/6,IF(XX>(B/1000/2-ABS(ECCY))*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ABS(ECCY))*3-XX)/((B/1000/2-ABS(ECCY))*3))*BP), ((VL/(B/1000)* (16*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000))))+(B/1000-XX)/(B/1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))))

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

0.00
0.06
0.12
0.18
0.24
0.30
0.36
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.60
0.66
0.72
0.78
0.84
0.90
0.96
1.02
1.08
1.14
1.20
1.26
1.32
1.38
1.44
1.50
1.56
1.62
1.68
1.74
1.80
1.86
1.92
1.98
2.04
2.10
2.16
2.22
2.28
2.34
2.40
2.46
2.52
2.58
2.64
2.70
2.76
2.82
2.88
2.94
3.00

20.79493
20.79493
20.795
20.502
20.209
19.916
19.623
19.330
19.037
18.744
18.451
18.158
17.865
17.572
17.279
16.986
16.693
16.400
16.107
15.814
15.521
15.228
14.935
14.642
14.349
14.056
13.763
13.470
13.177
12.884
12.591
12.298
12.005
11.712
11.419
11.126
10.833
10.540
10.247
9.954
9.661
9.368
9.075
8.782
8.489
8.196
7.903
7.610
7.317
7.024
6.731
6.438
6.145067

BEARING PRESSURE
DIAGRAM
M
0.00
0

3.00

KN/M^2

XX=

Made by Calvin

1999 BCA for RCC

50

BPO
BPE
BPI
BPZ

0
0.3
0.475
3

20.795
20.795
19.33
18.475
6.1451

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

20.79
20.50
20.21
19.92
19.62
19.33
19.04
18.74
18.45
18.16
17.86
17.57
17.28
16.99
16.69
16.40
16.11
15.81
15.52
15.23
14.93
14.64
14.35
14.06
13.76
13.47
13.18
12.88
12.59
12.30
12.01
11.71
11.42
11.13
10.83
10.54
10.25
9.95
9.66
9.37
9.08
8.78
8.49
8.20
7.90
7.61
7.32
7.02
6.73
6.44
6.15

0.0600
0.06
0.06
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1.25
1.23
1.21
1.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.89

0.34
0.26
0.18
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.88

0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1.25
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.12
1.11
1.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.69

0.06
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1.25
1.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.48

Proposed High End Condo @ Sunway Southern Precinct

DATA FOR DIAGRAMS II
0
Basement wall design to BS8110:1997, BS8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.
sheet 2 of 2
Originated from 'RCC61 Basement Wall.xls' on CD

YY= 3.875

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

MOMENTS
MTE2=
MTE1=
MTLG=
MTLQ=
MTSG=
MTSQ=
MTW=

UTM= -112.77
-112.77
0
1.1313
2.2325
3.3013
4.335
5.3314
6.2879
7.202
8.0714
8.8935
9.6659
10.386
11.052
11.66
12.209
12.696
13.119
13.474
13.76
13.975
14.114
14.176
14.157
14.056
13.869
13.593
13.227
12.766
12.209
11.553
10.794
9.9305
8.9595
7.8783
6.684
5.3739
3.9454
2.3957
0.722
-1.078
-3.008
-5.07
-7.267
-9.601
-12.08
-14.69
-17.46
-20.37
-23.43
-26.65
-30.02

0.00
0.06
0.12
0.17
0.23
0.29
0.35
0.41
0.46
0.52
0.58
0.64
0.70
0.75
0.81
0.87
0.93
0.99
1.04
1.10
1.16
1.22
1.28
1.33
1.39
1.45
1.51
1.57
1.62
1.68
1.74
1.80
1.86
1.91
1.97
2.03
2.09
2.15
2.20
2.26
2.32
2.38
2.44
2.49
2.55
2.61
2.67
2.73
2.78
2.84
2.90

Geometry
0
0
300
300
3000
3000
475
475
475
3000
3000
0

0
200
200
3150
3150
2850
2850
3150
200
200
0
0

3150

3000

Job No 05162
Date 3-Nov-14

SHEARS
SE2=IF(YY>=(L-'ANALYSIS & STABILITY'!M28),Ka*(q-QS)*(YY-(L-'ANALYSIS & STABILITY'!M28))^(2)/2

35.65
-63.82 -81.99 39.234
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-16.47
37.539
-2.47
5.63
-33.08
39.61

0.00
0.06
0.12
0.17
0.23
0.29
0.35
0.41
0.46
0.52
0.58
0.64
0.70
0.75
0.81
0.87
0.93
0.99
1.04
1.10
1.16
1.22
1.28
1.33
1.39
1.45
1.51
1.57
1.62
1.68
1.74
1.80
1.86
1.91
1.97
2.03
2.09
2.15
2.20
2.26
2.32
2.38
2.44
2.49
2.55
2.61
2.67
2.73
2.78
2.84
2.90

Made by Calvin

1999 BCA for RCC

MOMENT DIAGRAM
-40

ULT. MT (KNM)
-20
0

20

0.00

0.58

1.16
WALL (M)

Location

1.74

2.32

2.90

MOMENT DIAGRAM
-40

ULT. MT (KNM)
-20
0
0.00

0.58

1.16

WALL (M)

Project

1.74

2.32

2.90

20

0.000
1.131
2.233
3.301
4.335
5.331
6.288
7.202
8.071
8.893
9.666
10.386
11.052
11.660
12.209
12.696
13.119
13.474
13.760
13.975
14.114
14.176
14.157
14.056
13.869
13.593
13.227
12.766
12.209
11.553
10.794
9.931
8.960
7.878
6.684
5.374
3.945
2.396
0.722
-1.078
-3.008
-5.070
-7.267
-9.601
-12.076
-14.694
-17.457
-20.369
-23.433
-26.650
-30.024

1.131
1.101
1.069
1.034
0.996
0.956
0.914
0.869
0.822
0.772
0.720
0.666
0.609
0.549
0.487
0.423
0.356
0.286
0.214
0.139
0.062
-0.018
-0.101
-0.187
-0.275
-0.367
-0.461
-0.557
-0.657
-0.759
-0.863
-0.971
-1.081
-1.194
-1.310
-1.429
-1.550
-1.674
-1.800
-1.930
-2.062
-2.197
-2.334
-2.475
-2.618
-2.764
-2.912
-3.063
-3.217
-3.374

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

14.18

1.22

b No 05162

b No 05162

Project
Location

Proposed High End Condo @ Sunway Southern Precinct

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS
0
Basement wall design to BS8110:1997, BS8002:1994. BS 8004:1986Made
etc. by Calvin
Originated from 'RCC61 Basement Wall.xls' on CD

WALL
MR=
As/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

em=

MR=
AsBB/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

em=

16.26
0.011
55.74
168418400
0.000734
0.001228
0.00037226
81.0449325
0.12
0.0009
16.26
0.0037
44.81
139632478
-0.0001
-0.0001
0.00097512
104.072703
-0.18
-0.0011

MS=
MSS=

MSBB=
MSBT=

MR=
AsBB/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

em=

1999 BCA for RCC

206
304
474
474

16.26
0.0037
44.81
139632478
0.0013
0.0018
0.00097512
104.072703
0.15
0.0009

Asreq =
Assreq =
ASBBreq=
ASBTreq=

1080
678
25
480

Job No 05162
Date 3-Nov-14

fs = 247.04Asprov%= 1.0554
fs = 275.74Asprov%= 0.5845
fs = 13.3 Asprov%= 0.3672
fs = 260.34Asprov%= 0.3672

Notes

Disclaimer
All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Council is intended
significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (includ
any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA, RCC or their subcontractors, supp
note that all BCA software and publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensu
of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadsheets for concrete
available from British Cement Association, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS.
Status of spreadsheet
Public release version.
Revision history RCC61 Basement Wall.xls

Date

Version

06-Aug-99 RCC61 v1.0

Action
First public release.
Includes b version comments

Page 10

Notes

Page 11

Notes

Concrete Council is intended for those who will evaluate the

application. No liability (including that for negligence) for
or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should
ime and should therefore ensure that they are in possession

ion 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and EC2'

ire RG45 6YS.

Size (kB)
398

Page 12

Notes

Page 13

Notes

Page 14