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Kerajaan: Animalia

Filum: Chordata
Kelas: Mammalia
Ordo: Artiodactyla
Famili: Bovidae
Upafamili: Caprinae
Genus: Capra
Spesies: C. aegagrus
Upaspesies: C. a. hircus
Kebiasaan abnormal pada kambing,:
Menyeruduk saat di kasih makan
Lari saat di dekati manusia
Manginjak anak anaknya setelah melahirkan
Kambng memanjat pohon
Kambing makan nasi















PAPER NEEDS ANIMAL NUTRITION broiler duck


PART I
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
Waterfowl (waterfowls) are all species of winged animals (class aves) that can live in air.`
produce products or services that are usable and partly dependent on human life. Species
including waterfowl are ducks (duck), geese (goose), and pelican (swan). The second type is
called the first geese itikdan already quite popular in Indonesia, while the opposite pelican
not widely known by the public.
In meeting the needs of protein of animal origin, in addition to the role played by terrestrial
poultry, especially chickens, waterfowl also provide a substantial contribution primarily as a
producer of eggs. Among the rural communities and even the type of livestock has been fused with
their daily lives.
However, the state of duck farms in Indonesia in fact relatively very slow progress. Year after year
the situation is still traditional in nature without any significant improvements. This is mainly due to
the still very least masysrakat our attention to these types of birds, including poultry expert
attention to the ducks. This is evident from at least the publication of the ducks either in book form
or in the form of scientific research results.
Besides, it also maintains the ability of farmers in duck feed problems were minimal, especially in
accordance with the needs of their animals. Feed is a basic requirement in the maintenance effort
duck. The cost to feed occupy the largest percentage compared to other costs. Therefore,
knowledge and skills in the provision and preparation of a good ration is required by the breeder.

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
The intent and purpose of this paper is:
Divide the insight and knowledge about the duck itself needs
Increasing knowledge about the nutritional needs of duck
For knowledge to be applied in the world of employment and community

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
Feed is a basic requirement in the maintenance effort duck. The cost to feed occupy the
largest percentage compared to other costs. Therefore, knowledge and skills in the provision
and preparation of a good ration is required by the breeder.
In principle, the function of food to meet the basic needs of life, forming the cells and tissues
of the body, as well as replace the damaged parts. Further food for the needs of production.
A. Nutrition
What is meant by nutrition was the substances contained in livestock rations, namely
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Carbohydrate, fat and protein will form
as a result of combustion energy.
1 Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are a source of power and energy are used in every activity in the body and
motion duck. Among other sources of carbohydrates are in corn, rice, sorghum and rice bran.
2 Fat
Fat serves as a source of energy and contains vitamins A, D, E and K. Excess carbohydrates
deposited under the skin of the body as fat. So the lack of fat can be filled by carbohydrates.
But excessive fat can cause the disruption of the reproductive tract. The source material is a
fatty diet containing corn, soybean and fish oils.
3 Protein
Protein is needed for growth, to replace damaged tissues and produce. Crude protein
requirement depends on the phase of live ducks. In addition to the percentage of the total
protein content in the food, it also pays the balance of amino acids that make up proteins. To
maintain the balance of amino acids, the preparation is recommended ration consists of
various kinds of raw materials. Thus an amino acid deficiency can be covered by amino acids
derived from other raw materials. Based on the source, the protein can be classified into two
proteins derived from animal and plant derived proteins.
a. Animal protein
Protein of animal origin have a higher biological value than those derived from plants.
Among other sources of animal protein contained in fish meal, meat by-products from
slaughterhouses and dry milk powder.
b. vegetable protein
Vegetable protein derived from plants such as corn, rice bran, soybean meal, coconut meal,
peanut meal and peanut meal green. However, excess protein can lead to a decrease in light
growth, a decrease in body fat storage and increase the level of uric acid in the blood.
Moreover, it can also cause litter becomes wet due to excessive livestock consume water.
4 Minerals
Minerals are substances builders and production growth. Mineral needs relatively little but
mineral deficiencies can result in unfavorable effects on duck. Sources of minerals is from
food and animal forage.
5. Vitamins
Vitamins are needed in calcium and phosphorus metabolic functioning as bone and eggshell
formation.
B. Energy
Energy is the result of the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the body with calories
metrics. Energy is required for all physiological activities and production of ducks including
respiratory activity, blood circulation, pencernaaan food and so on. Carbohydrate and fat is a food
source that is practical and efficient energy.
Livestock needs Ducks
A lot of which we find the need to duck table including table needs according to NRC (1984),
according to winter and funk (1960), according to ARC (1975) etc.. The following tables will be noted
that the aforementioned requirements.
Table broiler duck nutritional needs according to NRC (1984)
FOOD SUBSTANCES

STARTER

Grower

ratio EP

FINISHER

ratio EP
Metabolic energy (Kcal / Kg)

2800

2800



2900


Protein (%)

16

16

181

15

193
Lysine (%)

0.9

0.9



0.7


Methionin + cystin (%)

0.8

0.8



0.55


vitamin A

4000

4000



4000


vitamin D

220

220



500


Riblofavin (mg)

4

4



4


Panthothenic acid (mg)

11

11



10


Niacin (mg)

55

55



40


Pyridoxin (mg)

2.6

2.6



3


Calcium (%)

0.6

0.6



2.75


Phosphorus (%)

0.6

0.6



0.6


Sodium (%)

0.15

0.15



0.15


Manganesium (mg)

500

500



500


Source: NRC (1984)
When raised to 22% for the first 2 weeks (131 ratio) will obtain a greater growth rate.
Table-type broiler ducks nutritional needs according to ARC (1975)
nutrient

Amount Needed

ratio EP
proteins
metabolic energy
Lisyin
methionin
ca
magnesium


33%
3100 kk / kg
0.89%
0.39%
0.56%
0.05%



135
Source: ARC (1975)
Table according to the nutritional needs winter duck and funk (1960)
Phase / Age

Protein (%)

Em (kk / kg)

ratio EP
Sarter (- 2 mnggu)

18

2860

159
Grower (- marketed)

16

2930

183
Adult / producing seed

16

2875

180
Source: winter & funk (1960)
Of the three guidelines needs as noted earlier, it can be concluded that for the type of broiler ducks
when expected to grow at a rapid pace, the necessary rations with protein energy ratio is relatively
narrow, namely between 120 - 140 figures that ratio seems no correspondence with needs of broiler
chickens each for 121 (scott, 1982) and 139 (NRC, 1984). When ducks reared broiler on for the
purpose of generating seed (breeder), the EP ratio in the ration becomes wider again at around 180
to 195. besides that it also needs to be improved provision pitamin D and Ca (NRC, 1984)


CHAPTER III
CLOSING
conclusion
From the above discussion it can be concluded that the maintenance of a duck farmer should pay
attention primarily on maintenance management problems due to feed costs for livestock feed
ducks in the maintenance of which is about 70-80% of the total maintenance cost of the duck itself.
Needs for duck feed is also very important to note, these needs can be seen from the table - a table
that has been published requirements.












REFERENCES
Naidoo, 1990, Ducks Animal Science, PT Gramedia, Jakarta
Srigandono Banbang, 1986, Air Poultry Science, Gadjah Mada University Press.
Revelation 2004, Animal Nutrition Needs Ducks,

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