1) Define genetics.

Define Heredity
Genetics is the study of heredity. Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.
2) Who is the father of genetics? What organism did he study?
Gregor Mendel. Studied Pea plants.
) Define the term gene.
Gene is the molecular unit of heredity of a li!ing organism.
") Ho# did Mendel o$tain his P generation? What is the P generation?
P generation is the parent generation% Mendel o$tained his P generation $y self
pollination &true $reeding)
') Ho# did he get his (1 generation?
He o$tained his (1 generation $y crosspollinating plants from P generation.
)) *+( Mendel disco!ered predicta$le patterns in the inheritance of traits.
*rue
,) - genetic trait that appears in e!ery generation of offspring is called Dominant & a trait
that is e.pressed)
/) What is the difference $et#een dominant and recessi!e forms of a gene?
Dominant gene is al#ays e.pressed% if it is present. - 0ecessi!e gene #ill only $e
e.pressed in the a$sence of dominant gene.
1) Define allele
An allele is defned as an alternative form of a single gene passed from
generation to generation
12) *+( Genes on chromosomes are the units of inheritance
*rue
11) Define the la# of segregation
The two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis
12) Define la# of independent assortment
*he inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another.
1) When mem$ers of (1 generation are allo#ed to $reed #ith each other% the offspring
are referred to as (2 generation.
1") What is the difference $et#een cross pollination and self pollination?
3n cross pollination Pollen from another plant is used for pollination &4e# genetic
material and traits may $e added). 3n self pollination% pollen from the same plant is used
&no ne# genetic material or traits added)
1') *+( 5urrent scientific 6no#ledge supports mendel7s Principles
*rue
1)) What is the difference $et#een phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype is the physical appearance or out#ard e.pression of the trait% #here as
genotype is the genetic information of the trait.
1,) What is the difference $et#een homo8ygous and hetero8ygous?
3n homo8ygous% the alleles are the same &yy% DD% gg)% in hetero8ygous% the alleles are
different &Dd% 9y..).
1/) What is the purpose of punnett S:uare?
*o ma6e predictions for pro$a$le outcome for genetic crosses.
11) Define pro$a$ility. ;no# ho# to get the pro$a$ility from punnett s:uare.
Pro$a$ility is the chance of occurrence.
22) *+( 3ndi!iduals must e.i$it a trait in order for it to appear in the offspring.
(alse.
21) Define monohy$rid cross
A cross that involves hybrids for a single trait is called a monohybrid
cross.
22) 3n humans% ha!ing frec6les &() is dominant to not ha!ing frec6les &f)
Dra# a punnett s:uare for cross $et#een Hetero8ygous #ith hetero8ygous.
2) 3n the a$o!e cross #hat are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios?
Phenotypic ratio< <1
Genotypic ratio = 1< 2 <1
2") Define dihy$rid cross
heterozygous for two diferent traits.
25) n a dihybrid cross of a heterozygous and a heterozygous for both
traits! what would be the e"pected phenotypic ratio#