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Sponsored by the American Welding Society and the Welding Research Council
Introduction
The oxygen cutting of thi c k steel
sect ions is an economical alternative
to other cutting and shaping methods,
particularly if little further machining
Material
Yield
strength
5)', ksi
Ultimate
strength
5", ksi
stra in
at fracture
e r, %
55
108.3
52.0
79
119.0
23
15.2
A572 1"
A5'14 1"
A514 (norm alized)lb '
("\ ISuppli ed
by
no
manufacturero
(O'Ove(all spec imen length 12 in., 1 in . gage lenglh, 0.5 in. d!am eler redLJ ced sectlon.
Experimental Procedure
Two structural steels were obtained
as 1 in . (25 mm) thi c k pl at e. One wa s
co mparable to ASTM A572 grade 42
0.22% ma x. ca rb o n , 42 ksi (290 MPa)
minimum yield strength, and the
second was a quenched-and-tem
pered steel which conformed to ASTM
A514 grade
(0.2% max. carbon ,
0.005 % max. boron , 100 ksi (609 MPa)
minimum yield strength).
The tensile properties of these mate
rials are given in Table 1. The pl ates
were cut into 12 in. (305 mm) sq uares
and mill ed to the cross-se c tion shown
in Fig 1. Speci mens of a varying rough
ness were ox ygen c ut from these
blanks by moving them beneath a
c utting torch whi c h was oscillated at
different amplitudes and frequencies.
The cutting parameters were as
follows #1 tip , propylene gas at 5 psig
(34 KP a), preheat oxygen at 7 psig (48
KP a), c utting o xyge n at 50 psig (345
KPa), average cutting speed 9 ipm (3.8
mm / s) and torch tip to metal separa
tion of 1/ 4 in. (6 mm) . After cutting,
one side of the specimen was milled
parallel to the opposite oxygen c ut
surfa ce to give a 3/4 in . sq uare test
r-------
6" - - - - - - 1
Results
Metallography and Microhardness
Fii
b,
ri
ar
ar
sn
ar
Al
re
Al
th
pl
ex
ox
fa
w,
ro
stl
sic
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 12" ------------~
Machined
Surfaces
Fr;
In
th
ge
th
to
R~
ini
dr,
(gm)
riety
js of
long
las a
here
Ihe
fied
i: ed
\<'1
ents
luch
Iher
the
io ns
(in
, I!
=f
'1
as a
s. In
was
Iged
just
e of
the
ized
:f
~
lout
ace.
:ical
ting
very
ra in
less
20f
ore
ow
be
uc
,itie
, in
ved
rit e
for
Ind
red
lhe
1d
eC
~by
nts
ter
Discussion
Stress Concentration al Nolc hes
led,
was
and
1m).
mly
ical
'om
1m)
the
(5
1.0"
l.
-l
0.10"
.1
Fig. 2-Prolilom eler lraces and m acrograp h s 01 lhe tour oxygen-cul surfaces sludied
Fractography
600
500
Z
I
>
400
300"
K,
(1 )
oiS
.... .
e.e
.......
..
200
0
Dislance Below Surface. millimelers
Fig. 4- 0 xygen cul surlace 01 A514 sl ee l specimen : lop -micros lru clural modilication s;
bOllom-microhardness var iation
Intercritical
Mod. Pearlile
Marlen si le
600
Fine Ferrite
Partially
Spheroid ized
Pearlite and
Ferrite
Pearl,te
and Ferrite
500
Z
I
>
400
300
OiSfance
'"
5Or
25 r-
Roughne.. IRMSI
o 0 .001 in.
o 0 .002 in.
v 0 .007 in.
Il 0 . 0 11 In .
a:
Vi
10
100
RoO
,1
la
10'
A 514
,1
10
iO'
Cycles lo Failure
~ 100
K f
Vi
25 -
M~, 7s~eel
RoO
Roug hness
o 0.001
o 0.002
., 0.007
4l 0.011
(R MSI
in.
in.
in,
in.
,1
lO'
S (sm oo th)
S (notched)
(3)
is usuall y le ss th an K, because of pl as
ticit y eHects. Peterso n G has found that
these eHects can be empirically
acco unted for by a mat eri al property,
a, w here
Cycle s lo Foilure
0 .0
Kf
Fig.
phi(
K, - 1
1
(4)
+ al r
WhE
ind
Su,
Fati
lOO/:,
A
res i
cut
rou :
whl
tip s
Thi ~
stat
Ir
mor
ri ca
esti l
lev,
cale
e lli ~
met
fac t,
c iru
th e
Tabl
m en
w en
Fig. 8- Topograph y oi oxygen -cut surface .
top-at torch edge, botlom -at midsectibn
mil(
Fig 9- Fatigue crack origin ating at decarburiz ed, reso lidified metal
alt er
".
"
J': . . . . . . 4
for
19le
ular
:Jr a
'n is
19le
her
'r of
end
60
Min~rTO')
40
1
r::'--t.? $+
s-+
OOIa[
111111
, r-.c,in; r
r:l~
CT max
CTmax
20
I
I
K,
l.
lip
:he
rray
Jnd
-1
2
ae
'
l 1
1 11111
6 8 10
"!!!1
20
40
.~~
!!
!
!
~~~
.~~
t !!!
"
tlr
Fig. 11-Elastic stress concentratio n la cto r lor sing le sllrlace notch '
- - - - - , - - - - - , - - - - , -- -- 1
4.0 ~,
der
)VV
l.
la II
pe
the
md
.1
3.5
12
-he
as
of
at
K,
2.5
)1-----
2.0
----=~~~ls~~
lat
lIy
ty,
4)
'e
th
.001 (300 )
Su
J.S
(5)
11.
S.
b/c
~2r
Fig. 1O-A ellla l (lOp) and idealized oxygen -cllt surlace topogra
phies
Infinile Array
?TI
./
1.5
as
.Y
a (in .)
AS72
AS14
AS14 (normalized)
0.0'10
0.0053
tn) K r
v alue~
Semi circ ul ar
ElIiptica l
.Measured K,
-1.30
-1. 83
1.28
1.48
1.24
2. -16
H8
1.80
-1.53
0.012
Jre lor roUglW ";l spec imens lesled (0.011 in . RMS) co mpared 10 smoo thesl speci m ens lested (OJ)(JI in . RMS).
200,
1 I i
i i
' 1 1
100f
'""'<l>
g""
o::
"'
"'
!"
Vi
~
o
50f
25 f-
10 I
lO
__
A 514
Roughness (RMS)
o 0.001 in.
o 0.002 in .
o 0.007 in.
o 0.011 in .
Normolized
Sleel
R~O
1I
11
105
106
Id
200r------------,-------------.------------~
---------
~
~tee l
Hig h Strength
-'""'
100
.,o
e
~
50-
<f)
"'~
- ---...
-.. ........
25-
g' 50f-
o
o;:
10
1001
.,
-----.----.--
(f)
200r------------.------------r-----------~
(A 514)
- -
---'-~
---'--'-
25f
(f)
106
Id
Cyeles
Id
Cyeles
Conclusions
10 6
10
ti
8
o
al
tr
te
ce
al
w
gl
le l
t:r
to
tu
hy
INi
t re
dn
un
hy
un
ste
lec
no