In groups

What are the criteria for a good cause &

Effect essay?
What are the criteria for a good process
analysis essay?
Analyze the sample essays
Rank in order from best to worst

Exchange essay with a peer

Complete peer review sheet
Return both to author

What is the difference between arguing and

persuading?
Both thesis, statement of purpose/position,
seek to move audience to particular course of
action
Argument seeks to win over audience by
appealing to reason
Persuasion seeks to win over audience by
appealing to emotions, feelings, prejudices,
and beliefs
Rare to find one strategy without use of other
Which is more beneficial in a research-based
essay?

How do you analyze your audience?

Answer the following questions:
Who are my readers?
What do they already know about this subject?
How interested are they likely to be?
How impartial or prejudiced are they going to be?
Is my subject one that strongly challenges their lifestyle
or their ethical or moral beliefs and values?
What values do my readers share with me?
What types of evidence are most likely to be effective
with them?
Is my plan for requested agreement or action
reasonable?

Anticipate and prepare for audiences objections

What does it take to convince a reader?

In some cases, nothing will persuade your
reader; It is a win if opponents can see your
point even if they cant agree
Present a fair, logical argument
Supply factual evidence
Appeal to readers emotions and values
Be fair, reasonable, and credible
Do not use unfair or inflammatory language, faulty
logic, and biased or distorted evidence

How do you connect your thesis and your

evidence in an argument?
The claim (thesis)
The data (evidence or support for thesis)
The warrant (the assumptions that connect
the thesis and evidence

Also referred to as Toulmins model

How do you make sure that your argument is

logical?
Avoid logical fallacies:

Ad hominem
Ad populum
Appeal to unqualified authority
Begging the question
Either-or
Faulty analogy
Hasty generalization
Non sequitur
oversimplification

How do you structure an argument?

Inductive

Moves from specific evidence to generalized

conclusion
Can arouse readers interest

Deductive

Starts with a general truth or assumption and moves

to provide evidence or support

Immediately announces thesis so it can quickly
alienate reader

Syllogism

Three-step argument involving a major premise, a

minor premise, and a conclusion

Nothing is ever this simple

How do you revise an A or P essay?

Understanding or respecting your
opposition
Decide which points to concede and which to

refute

Being honest and fair

Is the information fair and accurate?
Is your language free from inflammatory words

and phrases?

Ending forcefully
Conclusion completes the stand/position and

remains in readers minds

Choose one of the topics

List all the pros
List all the cons
Analyze your audience
List the evidence you will use in your
argument. What are you going to look for?

You are not writing an actual essay

You are writing an annotated
bibliography

A bibliography is a list of sources used for

research (Works Cited, References)
An annotation is a summary and/or
evaluation
An annotated bibliography includes a
summary and/or evaluation of each of
the sources
Annotations can

Summarize
Assess
Reflect

Forces to read each source more

carefully and critically
Help one gain a good perspective on
what has and is being said about topic

Helps clarify issues, current arguments, and

develop personal view

Helps other researchers

Bibliographic information of source

follows either MLA or APA style guides

Annotations for each source are written

in paragraph form

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlpri
nt/614/

create an annotated bibliography

regarding a controversial issue in which
a strong stance or position is researchbased
Five sources
Annotations
Quotes

I. Thesis statement
II. Citations & Annotations
A. Citation #1
1. Reason #1 (why are you using this
source?)
a. explanation
b. explanation
2. Reason #2
a. explanation
b. explanation
3. Reason #3
a. explanation
b. explanation
Complete for all 5 citations

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.

Literally
its
Supposebly
Cancelled
Exceptable
360 degrees
I could care less
Irregardless
For all intensive purposes
Sherbert

http://youtu.be/0wtJwnO1Jc8

Affect
To influence (verb)
Lack of sleep affects the quality of your
work.
Effect
Result (noun)
The subtle effect of the lighting made the
room look ominous.
To accomplish (verb)
Can the university effect such a change
without disrupting classes?

***hint replace confused word with definition***

Affect = to influence / effect = result, to
accomplish
The arrows ____ the Aardvark.
affected
The ____ was eye-popping.
effect
The sound ____ were amazing!
effects
The rain had no ____ on Amys hairdo.
Effect (remember this is a noun)

Affect can be used as a noun in psychology.

Psychologists know that one can never really
understand what someone else is feeling;
one can only know how they appear to be
feeling.
She displayed a happy affect.

Effect can be used as a verb meaning to

bring about or to accomplish.
Aardvark hoped to effect change within the
burrow.

Lie/lying/lied
To tell a falsehood
I lied to my mother.
Lie/lying/lay/lain
To recline
I have a headache, so Im going to lie down for a while.
I lay on the bed because I was tired.
He was lain in the grass.
Lay/laying/laid/laid
To put, to place
Lay down that shotgun!
I laid the baby in her cradle.
We have laid the dishes on the table.

Lay is subject acting on an object

I lay down the book.
Lie is subject doing action
I lie down.

The cat ___ in the mud after it rained

yesterday.
lay
Mary forcefully ___ her ring on the table.
laid
Dean has ___ on the floor for days.
lain
The cat has ___ in the mud for hours.
lain

Lose
Opposite of win, to misplace
Dont lose your mind.
Loose
Not tight
The burglars pants were so loose that he
couldnt run faster than the cop.

The hockey team doesnt want to __ the

game.
lose
The girl had such a bad sunburn that she
could only wear ___ clothes.
loose
Set the dog ___.
loose
I always seem to ___ my keys.
lose

A lot
Always leave a space
Alot
Isnt a word!!!!
You dont write alittle, abunch, a
cantaloupe, aporkchop, or alot.

then
Used for time
First I stole a panda bear, then we drank
malt liquor together.
than
Used for comparison
Im much better at holding my liquor than
a panda bear.

It was dark, ___ there was a scream

then
Money is better ___ poverty, if only for
financial reasons (Woody Allen)
than
Russia is even more spacious ___ Canada.
than
She used to holiday in Sri Lanka as it was ___
known.
then

Weather
Snow, rain, sunshine, typhoons
Withstand, endure
In Ireland, you will experience multiple
types of weather everyday.
whether
Expressing a doubt or choice between
alternatives
When I was in Ireland, I couldnt decide
whether to go home or stay.

Sarah wants to know ___ the visit is still on

schedule.
whether
I am going to the fair, ___ or not it is raining.
whether
Well anchor up, ___ the storm and then head
back to land.
weather
The sea will ___ that rope ion less than a
week.
weather

a male sheep, especially a castrated ram

Sit/sat/sitting
To be seated or come to a resting
position
I sat in my favorite chair.
Set/set/setting
To put or place
I set my glass on the table.

***hint replace set with put

We were surprised by the beautiful giftwrapped package ___ on our bed.
setting
The flowers were ___ on the table and the
mens tuxes were draped over chairs.
setting
Suki ___ in her office and paints her nails.
sits

All ready
prepared
Dinner was all ready when the guests
arrived.
already
By this time
The ham was already burned when the
guests arrived.

Jillian is ___.
All ready
When they pulled the shark up in the net, it
was ___ dead.
already
It is ___ illegal to culture human-animal
embryos for more than fourteen days.
already

Apart
To be separated
My old car fell apart before we reached
California.
A part
To be joined with
A part of this plan involves rising at dawn.

The rocks fell 30 feet ___.

apart
The whole room was silent ___ from Becky.
apart
Once we are ___ of this group, we must pay
dues.
a part

Pull
To extract, possibly in a quick way
He pulled the data from the system.
Pool
To share
Several people possess the data and must
pool it together to create a singular
document.

Of
Coming from, caused by, part of a
group, made from (preposition)
The leader of the band played bass guitar
Have
To possess
I should have started studying earlier.
***it is NEVER should of, could of, would of

http://www.uexpress.com/dearabby/20
02/4/9

Essay #3 due

Read Chapter 10 The Research Paper