SENIOR SECONDARY ASSESSMENT BOARD OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION 2006

SOLUTIONS DRAFT 1
QUESTION BOOKLET 1
SECTION A
1
L
2
J
3
M
4
M
5
M
6
M
7
K

8
9
10
11
12
13
14

K
M
L
M
J
K
L

15
16
17
18
19
20
21

J
J
K
M
K
K
L

22
23
24
25

J
J
L
L

Extended-response questions: (marks allocated against the criterion)

communication
More than half a page, structured in the form of sentences and paragraphs. (1 mark)

Uses correct grammar and spelling. Spelling emphasis placed terms in the curriculum statement. (1 mark)

Clearly and concisely explains concepts using relevant biological language. (1 mark)

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SECTION B
26 (a) translation
-1 spelling

(2)

(b) (i) CTA

(2)
(b) (ii) Explain (2+2):
active site is complementary shape to specific amino acids

(2)

different amino acids/tRNA have different shapes

(2)

(c) synthesis reactions

(1)

require energy

(1)

(4)

(10)

(2)

27. (a) Explain (2+2):

Energy is lost at each step (trophic level) in a food chain

(2)

(4)
More steps/trophic levels in B

(2)
(6)

(b) recycle resources/nutrients

(2)
(2)

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28 (a) Increase crop yields on saline soils

(2)
(b)

(plasmid and DNA containing salt resistant cut with the same restriction enzyme)
then joined together
(2)
(recombinant plasmid put into bacterium) then bacterium infects cereal plant
transferring genes
(2)

(4)

(10)

[Maximum of (3 marks) if one of; first and last point missed]

(c) The DNA unwinds to expose base sequences
free DNA nucleotides join by complementary base pairing

(2)
(2)

29 (a) between 4 am and 2 pm concentration of CO2 decreases

(2)

between 2 pm and 4 am concentration of CO2 increases

(2)

(b)

CO2 is substrate for photosynthesis

increasing light intensity increases rate of photosynthesis

or
photosynthesis greater than respiration

(c) autotrophs produce organic compounds/oxygen

heterotrophs need to consume organic compounds

or
heterotrophs need oxygen for aerobic respiration

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(4)

(4)

(2)

(2)

(4)
(12)

(2)

(2)
(4)

30 (a) Detect the presence of systematic errors

(2)
(b) (i) to increase sample size (1 only) and minimise the effect of random errors
or
increase reliability of the results

(2)

(b) (ii) to ensure that the effect was due to the drug
or
as a control
(comparison only (1 mark)

(2)
(8)

(c) A number of reasonable answers are possible:

More effective use of health money (rather than treatment)

Greater productivity in workplace

Greater uptake by members of society

Less accidents

31(a) Cell membrane receptors bond to specific hormones

Not all cells have a cell membrane receptor for for EPO

(2)

(2)
(2)

(b) (i) Rate of chemical reaction dependent on temperature

or
High temperature can denature proteins (enzymes) (EPO)

(4)

(2)

(b) (ii) Amino acids are substrates of proteins (EPO)

(2)
(14))
(c) red blood cells transport oxygen
or
More red blood cells

(2)
(4)

More aerobic respiration occurs releasing more energy for athlete

(d) May not function properly
or
Unknown side effects

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(2)

(2)

SECTION B: Short Answers

BOOKLET 2 (Questions 32 to 37)
32 Transmission A is by nerves, B is by hormones
Nerve transmission faster than hormones

(2)
(2

33 (a) So that each daughter cell gets an identical copy (complete set) of the DNA.

(4)

(2)

(b) Pattern at 10 minutes

must have four replicted and two pairs of chromosomes on equatorial plate
Pattern at 20 minutes
must have four single (two pairs) of chromosomes near poles

(2)

(c) Cancer is uncontrolled cell division

Preventing separation of sister chromatids stops cell division

(2)
(2

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(4)

(2)
(4)

(4)

(10)

34 (a) That chemical X is a mutagen

or
Chemical X affects mutation rate in Salmonella
or
Chemical X allows the cell to produce histidine

(2)

(b) Number of colonies of Salmonella

or
production of histidine

(2)
(10)

(c) Culture medium contained histidine

or
Wrong bacterium used in experiment

(2)

(d) Many more colonies are able to grow when chemical X is added to the culture
medium.
(e) (i) high temperatures

(2)
(1)
(2)

(ii) radiation

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(1)

35 (a) Graph:
accurate plot (3)
labels on both axes (1)
appropriate choice of scale (1)
lines of best fit (1)

(6)

(b) group of organisms living together in a particular pplace at a particular time

or
Interacting population

(2)

(c) Plant 2 needs specific environmental conditions to survive

Plant 1 alters pre-existing conditions to make them suitable for plant 2

(2)
(2

(d) Animal A eats plant 2

The graph pattern for Animal A has the same shape
but lags behind that of plant 2

(2)
(2)

36 (a) Meiosis
(incorrect spelling 1)

(4)

(2)
(10)

(c) Mitosis
(incorrect spelling.-1)

(2)
(2)

hence more variation in is possible in subsequent poulations and more likely to

produce favourable adaptations
(2)

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(4)

(2)

(b) restores deploid number

or
increase genetic variation in popultion

(d) genetic variation is greater between less closely related individuals

(16)

(4)

37(a) Active transport requires energy and glucose is a source of energy

(2)
Glucoseis used in cellular respiration and the inhibitors of cellular respiarion have
reduced the rate of glucose transport
(2)
(b) vesicle migrates to the cellular membrane
(2)
the lipid molecules of the two bi-layers (vesicle and cell membrane) fuse and
reaarange themselves so that the vesicle is on the outside
(2)
(c) villi are the site of amino acid absorption

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(4)
(10)
(4)
(2)

Section C: Extended-Response Questions (30 marks)

38. The cell cycle is controlled by internal and external factors. Some of these factors are gene products,
which require energy in order to be synthesised.

Describe:
The role of at least one internal and at least one external factor in controlling the cell cycle; (6 marks)

Internal factor role of (3 marks)

MPF controls mitosis
Made of cyclin and kinase or word equation
Cyclin is regulatory protein which activates the enzyme
Cyclin levels rise and fall during cell cycle
Kinase is an enzyme
Kinase levels remains the same in the cell cycle
Rise in MPF levels (due to rise in cyclin) initiate mitosis through to end of metaphase
Sudden drop in MPF initiates anaphase
Rise and fall needed so only cell does not divide continuously/mitosis finishes
External factor role of (3 marks)
Growth factors
May be hormones
Are proteins
Made by other cells
Bind to receptor molecules in the cell membrane of the target cell
Binding induces changes in cytoplasmic proteins called relay proteins
Relay proteins relay message to cell control mechanisms
Cells move beyond the restriction checkpoint/checkpoint 1
Cell commits to DNA replication

cellular processes that use glucose to provide the ATP that is needed to synthesis gene products.
(6 marks)
The question states cellular processes that use glucose hence the answer is restricted to the respiration
components only.
Aerobic respiration (3 marks)
Anaerobic respiration (3 marks)
Discussion of the following for each reaction
reactants
products
balanced equation or word equation
use of oxygen
completeness of glucose breakdown
site
number of ATP molecules formed

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39. Describe:

one method that could be used by scientists to determine whether the leafy sea dragon is more
closely related to the sea horse or to the pipefish;
(4 marks)
Method 1 DNA sequencing
Isolate corresponding sections of DNA from both species
Determine base sequence of each segment
Compare sequences for similarity of base sequence
More similar = more closely related
Method 2 - DNA fingerprinting
Isolate fragments of DNA from both species
PCR to amplify sections
Compare lengths of the specified STRs/junk repeats
Frequency of the repeated base sequences compared
Close match of lengths indicates close relationship
Method 3 DNA-DNA hybridisation
DNA from one species heated to separate complementary strands
Single strand from other species mixed with separated strand
Mixture is cooled
Closely matched strands bind more tightly than those not well matched
Newly formed double helix is reheated
At lower temperatures, poorly matched strands separate more easily
DNA from closely matched strands should match well
Method 4 Protein comparison
Common molecule selected, eg cytochrome c
Amino acid sequences from both species compared
Amino acid sequence is due to order of bases in the mRNA/DNA from each species
Good degree of match indicates close relationship

the importance to the kelp forest community of protecting the leafy sea dragon;

(4 marks)

Maintains stability of all relationships within the kelp forest + reason

Maintains food sources for other organisms + explanation
Maintains food chain of the sea dragon/feeding levels preserved + example
Maintains biodiversity + reason (aesthetic, moral, financial, responsibility to planet)

two advantages of protecting the kelp forests rather than protecting only the leafy sea dragon
(4 marks).

Maintains habitats for all species + example (eg nesting sites)

Maintains resources for all + example (eg food)
Unaltered habitat means less selection pressures on species/communities cope better + reason
Maintaining the forest maintains the interconnectedness of species
Maintains food sources for all species + example
Preserves the whole environment for aesthetic, economic reasons

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