Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Cross-section
y
P
y
A
h
x
b
Iy>Iz
Fig. 9.6 Column cross section showing the direction of buckling (here: I z
bh 3
12
Iy
hb 3
)
12
A column can either fail due to the material yielding, or because the column buckles, it is of
interest to the engineer to determine when this point of transition occurs.
Consider the Euler buckling equation 9.10
2
EI
PE
L2
Because of the large deflection caused by buckling, the least second moment of area term I
can be expressed as follows:
I Ar 2
(9.13)
where: A is the cross sectional area and r is called radius of gyration of the cross sectional
area, i.e. r
I / A . Note that the smallest radius of gyration of the column, i.e. the least
second moment of area I should be taken in order to find the critical stress.
Dividing the buckling equation by A, gives:
2
PE
E
(9.14)
E
A
L/r 2
where: E is the compressive stress in the column and must not exceed the yield stress Y of the
material, i.e. E< Y, L / r is called the slenderness ratio, it is a measure of the column's flexibility.
If this equation is plotted for steel it gives:
x
Y
240MPa
2
Crit
89
L/r
L/r
Section a-a
y
I
a
s
Part (a)
Second moment of area
Iz
Iy
Buckling criterion
1 3
ss
12
s4
12
F fail
Fallow
s B1
250 10 3 2 2
12
2
12.5 10 9
allow
250 10 3 L2
2
E
0.0993m
99.3mm
s2
allow
100 10 3
0.0913m 91.3mm
1
12 10 6
allow
Comparing the results from these two criteria, we have s max s B 2 , s 2 99.3mm . In this
case, the design is taken against the buckling criterion. Finally, one may select a round-up
amount, e.g. s = 100mm, as the design of the size of cross section.
P
i.e. s
Part (b)
Buckling criterion
PCrit
FS P
2
EI
L2
500 10 3 N
500 10 3 N
500 10 3 2 2
12
2
12.5 10 9
allow
s2
500 10 3 L2
2
E
0.1181m 118.1mm
P
allow
200 10
0.1291m 129.1mm
12 10 6
allow
Comparing the results from these two criteria, we have s max s B 2 , s 2 129.1mm . In this
case, the design is taken against the stress criterion. One may select s = 130mm as the design
of the size of cross section.
i.e. s
2.5 200kN