Untitled

CHAPTER 3
Section 3.1 Solutions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Function

2. Function
3. Not a function
4. Not a function
1pm and 4pm both map to two elements in
Pat maps to two elements of the range.
the range.
6. Not a function
5. Function
Both elements of the domain map to 2
elements of the range.
8. Not a function
7. Not a function
2 maps to both 2 and 2, and 5 maps to
0 maps to both 3 and 3.
both 5 and 5.
9. Not a function
4 maps to both 2 and 2, and 9 maps to
10. Function
both 3 and 3.
11. Function
12. Function
14. Not a function
13. Not a function
Since (1, 1) and (1,1) are both on the graph,
Since 1, 2 2 and 1, 2 2 are both on
it does not pass the vertical line test.
the graph, it does not pass vertical line test.
15. Not a function

Since (1, 1) and (1,1) are both on the
16. Function
graph, it does not pass the vertical line test.

17. Function
18. Function
19. Not a function
20. Not a function
Since ( 0,5 ) and ( 0, 5 ) are both on the
Since ( 0, 4 ) and ( 0, 4 ) are both on the
graph, it does not pass the vertical line test. graph, it does not pass the vertical line test.
21. Function
22. Function
23. Not a function
Since ( 0, 1) and ( 0, 3) are both on the
24. Function
graph, it does not pass the vertical line test.
25. a) 5 b) 1 c) 3
26. a) 1 b) 5
c) 0
28. a) 0 b) 4 c) 5
27. a) 3 b) 2 c) 5
29. a) 5
b) 5
c) 5
30. a) 2
b) 6
c) 4
31. a) 2 b) 8
c) 5
32. a) DNE b) 0 c) 3
34. 1.5 and 3
33. 1
35. 1 and 3
36. 7
221
Chapter 3
37. For all x in the interval [4, 4]

39. 6
41. f (2) = 2(2) 3 = 7
38. For all x in the set [4, 0) [4]

40. 3
42. G (3) = (3) 2 + 2(3) 7 = 4
43. g (1) = 5 + 1 = 6
45. Using #41 and #43, we see that
f (2) + g (1) = 7 + 6 = 1 .
3 f (2) 2 g (1) = 3(7) 2(6) = 33 .
f (2)
7
= .
g (1)
6
51.
f (0) f (2) ( 2(0) 3) ( 7 )
=
6
g (1)
44. F (1) = 4 (1) 2 = 3

G (3) F (1) = 4 3 = 7 .
2 F (1) 2G (3) = 2(3) 2(4) = 14 .
G (3)
4
= .
F (1)
3
=
53.
52.
2
G (0) G (3) ( 0 + 2(0) 7 ) ( 4 )
=
F (1)
3
7 + 4
=
= 1
3
3 + 7 2
=
6
3
f ( x + 1) f ( x 1) = [ 2( x + 1) 3] [ 2( x 1) 3]
= [ 2 x + 2 3] [ 2 x 2 3]
= [ 2 x 1] [ 2 x 5]
= 2x 1 2x + 5
= 4
54.
F (t + 1) F (t 1) = 4 (t + 1) 2 4 (t 1) 2
= 4 ( t 2 + 2t + 1) 4 ( t 2 2t + 1)
= 4 t 2 2t 1 4 t 2 + 2t 1
= 4 t 2 2t 1 4 + t 2 2t + 1
= 4t
55.
g ( x + a) f ( x + a) = [5 + ( x + a) ] [ 2( x + a) 3]
= [5 + x + a ] [ 2 x + 2a 3]
= 5 + x + a 2 x 2a + 3
= 8 xa
222
Section 3.1
56.
G ( x + b) + F (b) = ( x + b) 2 + 2( x + b) 7 + 4 b 2
= x 2 + 2bx + b 2 + 2 x + 2b 7 + 4 b 2
= x 2 + 2bx + 2 x + 2b 3
57.
f ( x + h) f ( x) [ 2( x + h) 3] [ 2 x 3]
=
h
h
2 x + 2h 3 2 x + 3
=
h
2h
=
= 2
h
58.
2
2
F (t + h) F (t ) 4 (t + h) 4 t
=
h
h
2
4 ( t + 2ht + h 2 ) 4 t 2

=
h
4 t 2 2ht h 2 4 t 2
=
h
2
4 t 2ht h 2 4 + t 2
=
h
2
2ht h
h(2t + h)
=
=
= ( 2t + h )
h
h
59.
g (t + h) g (t ) [5 + (t + h) ] [5 + t ]
=
h
h
5+t + h5t h
=
= =1
h
h
60.
2
2
G ( x + h) G ( x) ( x + h) + 2( x + h) 7 x + 2 x 7
=
h
h
x 2 + 2hx + h 2 + 2 x + 2h 7 x 2 2 x + 7
=
h
2hx + h 2 + 2h h(2 x + h + 2)
=
=
= 2x + h + 2
h
h
223
Chapter 3
61. It follows directly from the

computation in #57 with x = 2 that this
equals 2.
computation in #59 with t = 1 that this
equals 1 .
65. The domain is \ .
This is written using interval notation as
( , ) .

computation in #58 with t = 1 that this
equals 2 h .
computation in #60 with x = 3 that this
equals h 4 .
( , ) .

( , ) .

( , ) .
69. The domain is the set of all real

numbers x such that x 5 0 , that is
x5.
( ,5 ) ( 5, ) .

numbers t such that t + 3 0 , that is
t 3 .
( , 3) ( 3, ) .

numbers x such that
x 2 4 = ( x 2)( x + 2) 0 ,
that is x 2, 2 .
( , 2 ) ( 2, 2 ) ( 2, ) .

numbers x such that
x 2 1 = ( x 1)( x + 1) 0 ,
that is x 1,1 .
( , 1) ( 1,1) (1, ) .
73. Since x 2 + 1 0 , for every real number 74. Since x 2 + 4 0 , for every real number
x, the domain is \ .
x, the domain is \ .
( , ) .
( , ) .
numbers x such that
7 x 0,
that is 7 x .
( , 7] .

numbers t such that
t 7 0,
that is t 7 .
[ 7, ) .
224
Section 3.1

numbers x such that
2x + 5 0 ,
that is x 52 .
52 , ) .

numbers x such that
5 2x 0 ,
that is 52 x .
( , 52 .

numbers t such that t 2 4 0 , which is
equivalent to (t 2)(t + 2) 0 .
CPs are 2, 2

numbers x such that x 2 25 0 , which is
equivalent to ( x 5)( x + 5) 0 .
CPs are 5, 5
+
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
G
|
|
2
+
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
G
|
|
5

( , 2] [ 2, ) .

( , 5] [5, ) .

numbers x such that
x 3 > 0,
that is x > 3 .
( 3, ) .

numbers x such that
5 x > 0 ,
that is 5 > x .
( ,5) .
83. Since 1 2x can be any real number,

there is no restriction on x, so that the
domain is (, ) .
84. Since 7 5x can be any real number,

there is no restriction on x, so that the
domain is (, ) .
85. The only restriction is that x + 4 0 ,

so that x 4 . So, the domain is
(, 4) (4, ) .
86. The only restriction is that

x 2 9 = ( x 3)( x + 3) 0 , so that x 3 .
So, the domain is
(, 3) (3,3) (3, ) .

numbers x such that
3 2x > 0 ,
3
that is 2 > x .
( , ) .
3
2

numbers t such that 25 x 2 > 0 , which is
equivalent to (5 x)(5 + x) > 0 .
CPs are 5, 5
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
G
|
|
5

( 5,5 ) .
225
Chapter 3

numbers t such that t 2 t 6 > 0 , which is
equivalent to (t 3)(t + 2) > 0 .
CPs are 2, 3
+
+
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJG
|
|
2
90. Since t 2 + 9 > 0 , for all real numbers t,

there is no restriction. So, the domain is
( , ) .

( , 2 ) ( 3, ) .
numbers t such that x 2 16 0 , which is
equivalent to ( x 4)( x + 4) 0 .
CPs are 4, 4
+
+
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJG
|
|
4
92. There is no restriction on x. So, the

domain is ( , ) .

( , 4] [ 4, ) .
93. The function can be written as

x2
r ( x) =
. So, the domain is the set
3 2x
of real numbers x such that 3 2 x > 0 ,
that is 32 > x . This is written using interval
notation as ( , 32 ) .
95. The domain of any linear function is

( , ) .
97. Solve x 2 2 x 5 = 3.
x2 2 x 8 = 0
( x 4)( x + 2) = 0
94. The function can be written as

( x 1) 2
. So, the domain is the
p ( x) =
3
5
x2 9
set of real numbers x such that

x 2 9 = ( x 3)( x + 3) 0 , so that x 3 .
So, the domain is
(, 3) (3,3) (3, ) .
96. The domain of any quadratic function
is ( , ) .
98. Solve
5
6
x 34 = 23 .
10 x 9 = 8
10 x = 17
x = 17
10
x = 2, 4
226
Section 3.1
99.
2 x( x 5)3 12( x 5) 2 = 0
100.
3x( x + 3) 2 6( x + 3)3 = 0
2( x 5) [ x( x 5) 6] = 0
2
3( x + 3) 2 [ x 2( x + 3)] = 0
2( x 5) 2 ( x 2 5 x 6) = 0
3( x + 3) 2 ( x 6 ) = 0
2( x 5) ( x 6)( x + 1) = 0
2
x = 3, 6
x = 1,5, 6
101. Let x = number of people

y = cost
Then, y = 45 x, x > 75 . The domain is
( 75, ) .
102. Let x = number of minutes of a

domestic long distance call
y = cost
Then, y = 35 + 0.10 x, x 0 .
103. Assume: 6am corresponds to x = 6

noon corresponds to x = 12
104. h(14) = 16(4) 2 + 128(4) = 256 ft
Then, the temperature at 6am is:

T (6) = 0.7(6) 2 + 16.8(6) 10.8
= 64.8D F
The temperature at noon is:
T (12) = 0.7(12) 2 + 16.8(12) 10.8
= 90D F
106. Since
The domain is [ 0, ) since we are starting

at time t = 0 sec.
105. P(10) = 10 + 400, 000 100(10)
$641.66
P(100) = 10 + 400, 000 100(100)
$634.50
400, 000 100x is non-negative wherever it is defined, the lowest price
400, 000 100 x = 0 . This happens when

400, 000 100 x = 0
x = 4000
So, the lowest price is $10 and 4000 tickets were available at that time.
Similarly, the highest price occurs when there is only 1 signed card for sale. This
corresponds to P (1) = 10 + 400, 000 100(1) $642.38 .
must occur when
227
Chapter 3
107. Start with a square piece of

cardboard with dimensions 10 in. 10 in..
Then, cut out 4 square corners with
dimensions x in. x in. , as shown in the
diagram:
Upon bending all four corners up, a box of

height x is formed. Notice that all four
sides of the base of the resulting box have
length 10 2x . The volume of the box,
V ( x) , is given by:
V ( x) = ( Length ) ( Width ) ( Height )
= (10 2 x) (10 2 x) ( x)
= x(10 2 x) 2
The domain is ( 0,5 ) . (For any other values
of x, one cannot form a box.)
108. The volume of a right circular cylindrical tank whose base radius is 10 ft and
whose height is h is given by V (h) = (10) 2 h = 100 h . If the height is increased by 2
ft, the corresponding volume would be:
V (h + 2) = (10) 2 (h + 2) = 100 h + 200
So, the volume increased by 200 cubic ft, which corresponds to
200 7.48gal 4700 gal .
109. Yes. For because every input (year),
there corresponds to exactly one output
(federal funds rate).
111. (1989, 4000), (1993, 6000),
(1997, 6000), (2001, 8000), (2005,11000),
113. a) F(50) = number of tons of carbon
emitted by natural gas in 1950 = 0
b) g(50) = number of tons of coal emitted
by natural gas in 1950 = 1000
c) h(5) = 2000
115. Should apply the vertical line test to
determine if the relationship describes a
function. The given relationship IS a
function in this case.
110. (2000, 5.45), (2002, 1.73),

(2004, 1.00), (2006, 4.50), (2008, 3.50)
112. Yes, for every input there
corresponds a unique output.
114. F (100) + g (100) + G (100) represents
the total amount (in millions of metric
tons) of carbon emitted in 2000 by natural
gas, coal, and petroleum.
116. H (3) H (1) H (3) + H (1) , in
general. You cannot distribute 1 through
in this manner.
228
Section 3.1
118. There are two mistakes.

One, the computation 3 t > 0 should be
3 t 0 . And two, the statement directly
preceding the computation should be,
What can 3 t be?
The domain should be ( ,3] .
117.
f ( x + 1) f ( x) + f (1) , in general. You
cannot distribute the function f through the
input at which you are evaluating it.
120. f (1) = 1 means the

point (1, 1) must satisfy the function. So,
1 = 1 A 1
119. G (1 + h) G (1) + G (h) , in

general.
0 = 1 A
1= A
122. False. Consider the function

f ( x) = x 2 on its domain \ .
121. False. Consider the function
f ( x) = 9 x 2 on its domain [ 3,3] . The
vertical line test x = 4 doesnt intersect the 123. False. This simply means that a
particular horizontal line intersects the
graph, but it still defines a function.
graph twice. Consider f ( x) = x 2 on \ . In
this case, f (a) = f ( a) , for all real
numbers a.
125.
124. True. The graph of the circle

x 2 + y 2 = r 2 satisfies this relationship, but
does not pass the vertical line test.
126. g (3) =
f (1) = A(1) 2 3(1) = 1

A 3 = 1
A=2
1
is undefined only if b = 3 .
b3
C (2) C + 2
=
is undefined only if D = 2 . So,
D (2) D + 2
C (1) C + 1 C + 1
F (1) =
=
=
= (C + 1) = 4 implies that C = 5 .
D (1) D + 1 2 + 1
127. F (2) =
229
Chapter 3
128. Many functions will work here. The easiest ones to construct are of the form
b
g ( x) =
. For such a function, certainly g (5) is undefined. In order for (1, 1) to be
x 5
b
b
on the graph, it must be the case that 1 =
, so that b = 4 . So, one function
=
1 5 4
4
that works is g ( x) =
.
x 5
numbers x such that
x 2 a 2 = ( x a )( x + a ) 0 .
numbers x such that
CPs: x = a
x 2 a 2 = ( x a )( x + a) 0 , which is
+
+
equivalent to x a . So, the domain is
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJG
|
|
( , a ) ( a, a ) ( a, ) .
131.
The time of day when it is warmest is

Noon ( x = 12 ) and the temperature is
approximately 90 degrees.
This model is only valid on the interval
[6,18] since the values of T outside the
interval [ 6,18] are too small to be
considered temperatures in Florida.
So, the domain is ( , a ] [ a, ) .

132.
The firecracker is airborne for 8 seconds

after liftoff this corresponds to the xintercept.
The firecracker maintains a maximum
height of 256 ft within 4 seconds of liftoff.
The model only applies for 8 seconds since
the firecracker will land after 8 seconds,
and presumably will not travel through the
ground afterwards.
230
Section 3.1
133.
134.
Observe that
S ( r + 3 ) = 4 (r + 3) 2

Radius
increased by 3
Corresponding
surface area
= 4 ( r 2 + 6r + 9 )
= 4 r 2 + 4 ( 6r + 9 )
So, the surface area would increase by
4 ( 6r + 9 ) .
The lowest price is $10 and the highest

price is $642.38. These agree with the
values of Exercise 105.
135.
136.
The graph of y2 can be obtained by

shifting the graph of y1 two units to the
right.
The graph of y2 can be obtained by

shifting the graph of y1 two units to the
left.
231
Chapter 3
Section 3.2 Solutions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. h( x) = 3 ( x) = 3 + x h( x)

1. G ( x) = x + 4 x + 4 = G ( x)
So, not even.
So, not even.
G ( x ) = ( x + 4 ) = x 4 G ( x )
h( x ) = ( 3 ( x ) ) = ( 3 + x ) h( x )
So, not odd. Thus, neither.
3. f ( x) = 3( x) 2 + 1 = 3x 2 + 1 = f ( x)
So, even. Thus, f cannot be odd.
5. g (t ) = 5(t )3 3(t ) = 5t 3 + 3t
4. F ( x) = ( x ) + 2 ( x )
4
= x 4 + 2 x 2 = F ( x)
So, even. Thus, F cannot be odd.
6. f ( x) = 3( x)5 + 4( x)3
= ( 3x5 + 4 x3 ) f ( x)
= ( 5t 3 3t ) g (t )
So, not even.
f ( x) = ( 3x5 + 4 x3 )
So, not even.

g (t ) = ( 5t 3 3t ) = g (t )
= 3x + 4 x = f ( x)
So, odd.
5
So, odd.
7. h( x) = ( x) 2 + 2( x) = x 2 2 x h( x)
So, not even.
h( x ) = ( x 2 2 x ) = x 2 + 2 x h( x )
8. G ( x) = 2( x) 4 + 3( x)3
= 2 x 4 3 x3 G ( x)
So, not even.
G ( x ) = ( 2 x 4 3 x 3 ) G ( x )

9. h( x) = ( x) 3 ( x)
1
10. g ( x) = ( x) 1 + ( x)
= ( x 1 + x ) g ( x)
= x 3 x h( x )
1
So, not even.
((
h( x ) = x x
1
)) = x
So, not even.
g ( x) = ( x 1 + x )
x = h( x )
So, odd.
11. f ( x) = x + 5 = 1 x + 5
= x 1 + x = g ( x)
So, odd.
(Note: ( x) 1 = 1x = 1x = ( x) 1 )
12. f ( x) = x + ( x) 2
= x + 5 = f ( x)
= 1 x + x 2 = f ( x)
232
Section 3.2
13. f ( x) = x = 1 x = f ( x)

15. G (t ) = ( t ) 3 = (t + 3)
14.
f ( x ) = ( x ) = x 3 = 1 x 3 = f ( x )
3

16. G (t ) = ( t ) + 2 G (t )
= t + 3 G (t )
So, not even.

G (t ) = ( t ) + 2 G (t )
So, not even.

G (t ) = t + 3 G (t )

17. G (t ) = t 3 = (t + 3) G (t )
So, not even.
G (t ) = (t + 3) G (t )

Note: Cannot distribute

1 here
18. f ( x) = 2 ( x) = 2 + x f ( x)
So, not even.
f ( x) = 2 + x f ( x)

19. g ( x) = ( x) 2 + ( x)
= x 2 x g ( x)
So, not even.
20. f ( x) = ( x) 2 + 2 = x 2 + 2 = f ( x)
g ( x) = x 2 x g ( x)
1
21. h( x) =
+ 3 h( x )
x
So, not even.
1
1
h( x ) =
+ 3 = 3 h( x )
x
x
23. Call the function h.
h is not even since h(1) = 4 0 = h(1) .
h is not odd since h(1) = 4 0 = h(1) .
Thus, neither.
22.
1
1
2( x) = 2 x h( x)
x
x
So, not even.

1
1
h( x ) = 2 x = 2 x = h( x )
x
x
So, odd.
24. Call the function h.
h is not odd since h(2) = 3 3 = h(2) .
h is even since h( x) = h( x) for all x.
(This can be visualized by reflecting the
graph about the y-axis.
h( x ) =
233
Chapter 3
25.
Domain
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
( , )
[ 1, )
( 1, )
(3, 2)
d) 0
e) 1
f) 2
( , 3) ( 2, 1)
26.
Domain
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
[ 4, )
( ,3]
(1, 2 )
(3, 0) (2, )
d) 1
e) approximately 1.8
f) 1
[ 4, 3) (0,1)
27.
Increasing
[ 7, 2]
[ 5, 4]
( 4, 0 )
Decreasing
Constant
(7, 4) (0, 2)
nowhere
Domain
Range
d) 4
e) 1
f) 5
234
Section 3.2
28.
Increasing
( , )
( , )
( , 3) ( 3, )
Decreasing
Constant
(3,3)
nowhere
Domain
Range
d) 0
e) 3.5
f) approximately 3.3
29.
Increasing
( , )
( , )
( , 3) ( 4, )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
( 3, 4 )
Domain
Range
d) 2
e) 2
f) 2
30.
Range
( , )
( , )
Increasing
Decreasing
nowhere
( , )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
d) 2
e) 1
f) 1
235
Chapter 3
31.
Decreasing
( , )
[ 4, )
( 0, )
( , 0 )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
d) 4
e) 0
f) 0
32.
Domain
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
( , )
[0, )
( 3, )
( , 3)
( 3,3)
d) 0
e) 0
f) 0
33.
Increasing
( , 0 ) ( 0, )
( , 0 ) ( 0, )
( , 0 ) ( 0, )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
nowhere
Domain
Range
d) undefined
e) 3
f) 3
236
Section 3.2
34.
Decreasing
( , 4 ) ( 4, )
( , )
( , 0 ) ( 4, )
( 0, 4 )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
d) 4
f) approximately 2.5
35.
( , 0 ) ( 0, )
( ,5) [7]
( , 0 )
( 5, )
( 0,5)
Domain
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
d) undefined
e) 3
f) 7
36.
Decreasing
( 8, 0 ) ( 0, 4]
( 4,3]
( 8, 5) ( 0, 4 )
( 5, 0 )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
37.
d) undefined
f) 0
38.
( x + h) ( x + h) x x
=
h
x 2 + 2hx + h 2 x h x 2 + x
=
h
h ( 2 x + h 1)
= 2x + h 1
h
2
( x + h) 2 + 2( x + h) x 2 + 2 x
=
h
x 2 + 2hx + h 2 + 2 x + 2h x 2 2 x
=
h
h ( 2x + h + 2)
= 2x + h + 2
h
237
Chapter 3
39.
40.
( x + h) + 3( x + h) x + 3x
=
h
x 2 + 2hx + h 2 + 3x + 3h x 2 3x
=
h
h ( 2 x + h + 3)
= 2x + h + 3
h
2
( x + h) 2 + 5( x + h) x 2 + 5 x
=
h
x 2 2hx h 2 + 5 x + 5h + x 2 5 x
=
h
h ( 2 x h + 5 )
= 2 x h + 5
h
41.
( x + h) 2 3( x + h) + 2 x 2 3x + 2
42.
( x + h) 2 2( x + h) + 5 x 2 2 x + 5
=
h
x 2 + 2hx + h 2 3x 3h + 2 x 2 + 3x 2
=
h
h ( 2 x + h 3)
= 2x + h 3
h
43.
=
h
x 2 + 2hx + h 2 2 x 2h + 5 x 2 + 2 x 5
=
h
h ( 2x + h 2)
= 2x + h 2
h
44.
3( x + h) 2 + 5( x + h) 4 3 x 2 + 5 x 4
=
h
3x 2 6hx 3h 2 + 5 x + 5h 4 + 3x 2 5 x + 4
=
h
h ( 6 x 3h + 5 )
= 6 x 3h + 5
h
4( x + h) 2 + 2( x + h) 3 4 x 2 + 2 x 3
=
h
4 x 2 8hx 4h 2 + 2 x + 2h 3 + 4 x 2 2 x + 3
=
h
h ( 8 x 4h + 2 )
= 8 x 4h + 2
h
33 13 27 1
=
= 13
3 1
2
3 1
=1
47.
3 1
(1 2(3)) (1 2(1)) 5 (1)
49.
=
= 2
3 1
2
45.
51.
5 2(3) 5 2(1)
3 1
1 3
2
= 1
11 32
=
= 13
3 1 2
2(3) 2(1) 4
48.
= = 2
3 1
2
46.
1
3
( 9 3 ) ( 9 1 ) = 0 8 = 4
2
50.
3 1
52.
238
3 1 1 1
8
=
=1
3 1
2
2
Section 3.2
53.
Increasing
( , )
( , 2]
( , 2 )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
( 2, )
Domain
Range
54.
Range
( , )
{1} (1, )
Increasing
Decreasing
nowhere
( , 1)
Constant
( 1, )
Domain
Notes on Graph: There should be an open

hole at (1,1), and a closed hole at (1, 1) .
55.
Domain
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
( , )
[0, )
( 0, )
( 1, 0 )
( , 1)
239
Chapter 3
56.
Domain
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
( , )
[0, )
( 0, 2 )
( , 0 )
( 2, )
57.
Increasing
( , )
( , )
( , )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
nowhere
Domain
Range
58.
Decreasing
( , )
[0, )
( 0, )
( , 0 )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
240
Section 3.2
59.
Decreasing
( , )
[1, )
(1, )
( ,1)
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
60.
Decreasing
( , )
( , )
( , 1) ( 0, )
( 1, 0 )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
61.
Increasing
( , )
[ 1,3]
( 1,3)
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
( , 1) ( 3, )
Domain
Range
241
Chapter 3
62.
Increasing
( , 1) ( 1,3) ( 3, )
[ 1,3]
( 1,3)
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
( , 1) ( 3, )
Domain
Range
Notes on Graph: There should be open

holes at (1, 1) and (3,3) .
63.
Increasing
( , )
[1, 4]
(1, 2 )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
( ,1) ( 2, )
Domain
Range
64.
Increasing
( ,1) (1, 2 ) ( 2, )
[1, 4]
(1, 2 )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
( ,1) ( 2, )
Domain
Range

holes at (1,1) and (2, 4) .
242
Section 3.2
65.
Decreasing
( , 2 ) ( 2, )
( , )
( 2,1)
( , 2 ) (1, )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing

holes at (2,1) , (2, 1), and (1, 2) , and a
closed hole at (1, 0) .
66.
Decreasing
( ,1) (1, )
( , )
( 2,1)
( , 2 ) (1, )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing

holes at (2, 1), (1, 2), and (1, 0) , and a
closed hole at (2,1) .
67.
Increasing
( , )
[0, )
( 0, )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
( , 0 )
Domain
Range
243
Chapter 3
68.
Increasing
( ,1) (1, )
[1, )
(1, )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
( ,1)
Domain
Range

hole at (1,1) .
69.
Range
( , )
( , )
Increasing
Decreasing
nowhere
( , 0 ) ( 0, )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Notes on Graph: There should be a closed

hole at (0,0).
70.
Increasing
( , )
( , )
( , 0 ) ( 0, )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
nowhere
Domain
Range
Notes on Graph: There should be a closed

hole at (0,0).
244
Section 3.2
71.
Decreasing
( ,1) (1, )
( , 1) ( 1, )
( 1,1)
( , 1) (1, )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing

holes at (1, 1) , (1,1) and (1, 1) . Also,
the graph of 3 x should appear on the
interval ( , 1) with a closed hole at
(-1,1).
72.
Decreasing
( ,1) (1, )
( ,1) (1, )
(1, )
( , 1)
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
Notes on Graph: The graph of 3 x

should appear on the interval ( , 1) .
245
Chapter 3
73.
Decreasing
( , )
( , 2 ) [ 4, )
( , 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) ( 2, )
( 2, 0 )
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing

holes at (2, 2), (2, 2) and closed holes
at (2,1), (2, 4) .
74.
Domain
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
( , 1) ( 1,1) (1, )
[1, )
(1, )
( , 1)
( 1,1)

holes at (1,1), (1,1) .
75.
Increasing
( ,1) (1, )
( ,1) (1, )
( ,1) (1, )
Decreasing
Constant
nowhere
nowhere
Domain
Range

hole at (1,1) .
246
Section 3.2
76.
Decreasing
( , )
( 1, )
( 1, )
( , 1)
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing

hole at (1, 1) and a closed hole at (1,1) .
77. Let x = number of T-shirts ordered.
The cost function is given by
10 x, 0 x 50
C ( x) = 9 x, 50 < x 100
8 x, x > 100
78. Let x = number of new uniforms

ordered. The cost function is given by
176.12 x, 0 x 50
C ( x) =
159.73 x, 50 < x 100
79. Let x = number of boats entered. The cost function is given by

250 x,
0 x 10
0 x 10
2500 + 175
250 x,
( x 10)
, x > 10
C ( x) =
=

175 x + 750, x > 10

# of boats beyond first 10
Cost for first
10 boats
80. Let x = number of minutes. The cost function is given by
0.39 x,
0 x 10
0.39 x,
0 x 10
3.90 + 0.12
( x 10)
, x > 10
C ( x) =
=

0.12 x + 2.7 , x > 10

# of minutes beyond first 10
Cost for first
10 minutes
81. Let x = number of people attending the reception. The cost function is given by
1000 + 35 x,
0 x 100
Fee for reserving
dining room
C ( x) =
3500 + 25
( x 100)
, x > 100
1000 +
Cost
for
first
#
of
guests
beyond
first
100
100 guests
Simplifying the terms above yields

1000 + 35 x, 0 x 100
C ( x) =
2000 + 25 x, x > 100
82. Let x = number of hours of labor. The cost function is
C ( x) = 1400 + N
25 x .

Cost for parts
247
Cost for labor
Chapter 3
83. Let x = number of books sold.

Since a single book sells for $20, the amount of money earned for x books is 20x.
Then, the amount of royalties due to the author (as a function of x) is given by:
50, 000 +
0.15(20 x) ,
0 x 100, 000
Amount upfront
Amount from 15% royalties
R ( x) = 50, 000 + 0.15(2, 000, 000) +
0.20(20)( x 100, 000) , 100, 000 < x

Royalties from first 100,000 books

20% royalties on books
beyond initial 100,000

50, 000 + 3x, 0 x 100, 000
R ( x) =
50, 000 + 4 x, x > 100, 000
84. Let x = number of books sold.
Since a single book sells for $20, the amount of money earned for x books is 20x.
Then, the amount of royalties due to the author (as a function of x) is given by:
35, 000 +
0.15(20 x) ,
0 x 100, 000
Amount upfront
Amount from 15% royalties
R ( x) = 35, 000 + 0.15(2, 000, 000) +
0.25(20)( x 100, 000) , x > 100, 000

Royalties from first 100,000 books

25% royalties on books
beyond initial 100,000

0 x 100, 000
35, 000 + 3 x,
R ( x) =
165, 000 + 5 x, x > 100, 000
85. Let x = number of stained glass units sold.
Total monthly cost is given by: C ( x) = N
100 + N
700 +
35 x = 800 + 35 x .

Business
Costs
Studio
Rent
Cost of materials
for x units
Revenue for x units sold is given by: R( x) = 100 x

So, the total profit is given by: P ( x) = R ( x) C ( x) = 100 x ( 800 + 35 x ) = 65 x 800
86. Let x = number of people who attend.
Since it is assumed that each person eats 1 lb. of shrimp, it will cost 5x dollars for x
people for the shrimp.
So, the total cost is given by: C ( x) = 30 + 5 x
The total revenue is given by: R( x) = 10 x
So, the total profit is given by: P ( x) = R ( x) C ( x) = 10 x (30 + 5 x) = 5 x 30
248
Section 3.2
87. Observe that

0.80,
0.80 + 0.17,
f ( x) = 0.80 + 0.17(2),
0.80 + 0.17(n),
0 x <1
1 x < 2
2 x<3
n x < n +1
Using the greatest integer function, we

have f ( x) = 0.80 + 0.17 a x b , x 0 .
t
91. a)
) (
16(2) 2 + 48(2) 16(1) 2 + 48(1)

h(2) h(1)
=
2 1
2 1
= 0 ft/sec
88. Observe
0 x <1
1
1
1 x < 2
f ( x) = 1
2 x<3
n x < n +1
1
Using the
thegreatest
greatestinteger
integer
function,
function,
we we Using the g
have f ( x) =
have f ( x) = 1.13 + 0.17 a x b , x 0 .
cd x fg
1+ d
g
e100 h
89. f (t ) = 3(1)a b , t 0
1500 500
= 20 per year
1950 1900
7000 1500
b)
= 110 per year
2000 1950
93.
88. Observe that

1.13,
1.13 + 0.17,
f ( x) = 1.13 + 0.17(2),
1.13 + 0.17(n),
, x0
90. f ( x) = (1)
5000 1500
= 140 per year
92. a)
1975 1950
7000 5000
b)
= 80 per year
2000 1975
94.
) (
16(3) 2 + 48(3) 16(1) 2 + 48(1)

h(3) h(1)
=
3 1
2 1
= 16 ft/sec
95. Should exclude the origin since x = 0

is not in the domain. The range should be
(0, ) .
96. The open and closed holes at x = 1

should be switched, and then the range
should be changed to [ 1, ) .
97. The portion of C ( x) for x > 30 should

be:
15 + N
x 30
98. The portion of C ( x) for x > 10, 000

should be:
0.02(10, 000) + 0.04( x 10, 000)
Number miles
beyond first 30
99. True. This corresponds to y = mx + b

with m = 1, b = 0 .
100. True. This corresponds to

y = mx + b with m = 0 .
101. False. For instance, f ( x) = x 3 is

102. True.
always increasing.
103. The individual pieces used to form f, namely ax , bx 2 , are continuous on \ . So,
the only x-value with which we need to be concerned regarding the continuity of f is
x = 2 . For f to be continuous at 2, we need a(2) = b(2) 2 , which is the same as a = 2b .
104. Both 1x and 1x are undefined at x = 0 . So, for every value of a, either a > 0 or
a 0 . Hence, we would need to evaluate either 1x or 1x at 0, which is not possible. So,
this function cannot be continuous, for any value of a.
249
Chapter 3
105. The graph is odd.
106. The graph is even.
107. The graph is odd.
108. This is the graph of tan x (in #107).
109.
110.
Domain: \ Range: The set of integers
Domain: \ Range: The set of integers
250
Section 3.3
Section 3.3 Solutions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. l Shift the graph of x 2 up 1 unit.

2. j Shift the graph of x 2 right 1 unit.
4. d Reflect the graph of x 2 over x-axis,
3. a Shift the graph of x 2 right 1 unit,
then reflect over x-axis.
then shift down 1 unit.
2
5. b Shift the graph of x left 1 unit, then 6. k Shift the graph of x 2 right 1 unit,
reflect over x-axis.
reflect over x-axis, and then shift up 1 unit.
7. i Shift the graph of x right 1 unit,
8. h Reflect the graph of x over x-axis,
then shift up 1 unit.
then shift down 1 unit.
9. c Shift the graph of x right 1 unit,
10. e Reflect the graph of x over y-axis,
then reflect over y-axis, and then shift
then shift up 1 unit.
down 1 unit.
11. g Reflect the graph of x over y12. f Shift the graph of x right 1 unit,
axis, then reflect over x-axis, and then shift then reflect over y-axis, then reflect over xup 1 unit.
axis, and then shift down 1 unit.
13. y = x + 3
14. y = x + 4
15. y = x = x (since x = 1 x = x )
16. y = x
17. y = 3 x
18. y = 13 x
19. y = x 3 4
20. y = ( x 3)3
21. y = ( x + 1)3 + 3
22. y = x 3
23. y = x 3
25.
24. y = x 3
26.
251
Chapter 3
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
252
Section 3.3
33.
35.
37.
34.
36.
38.
253
Chapter 3
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
254
Section 3.3
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. Shift the graph of x 2 down 2 units.
50. Shift the graph of x 2 up 3 units.
255
Chapter 3
51. Shift the graph of x 2 left 1 unit.
52. Shift the graph of x 2 right 2 units.
53. Shift the graph of x 2 right 3 units, and

up 2 units.
54. Shift the graph of x 2 left 2 units, and

up 1 unit.
55. Shift the graph of x 2 right 1 unit, and

56. Shift the graph of x 2 left 2 units, and

256
Section 3.3
57. Reflect the graph of x over y-axis.
(This yields the same graph as x since
58. Reflect the graph of x over x-axis.
x = 1 x = x .)
59. Reflect the graph of x over x-axis,
60. Since 1 x + 2 = x 1 + 2 , shift the
then shift left 2 units and down 1 unit.
graph of x right 1 unit, and up 2 units.
257
Chapter 3
61. Vertically stretch the graph of x 2 by a

factor of 2, then shift up 1unit.
63. Shift the graph of x right 2 units,

62. Vertically stretch the graph of x by a
factor of 2, then shift up 1unit.
64. Since
2 x = ( x 2) , reflect the
graph of x over y-axis, then shift right 2

units.
258
Section 3.3

then shift left 2 units and down 1 unit.
67. Shift the graph of

up 2 units.

up 2 units.
1
x
66. Since 2 x + 3 = ( x 2) + 3 ,
reflect the graph of x over y-axis, then

right 2 units and up 3 units.
x right 1 unit, then 68. Shift the graph of

down 1 unit.
left 3 units, then
x left 2 units, then
70. Since 31 x = x13 , shift the graph of 1x

right 3 units, and then reflect over x-axis.
259
Chapter 3
71. Shift the graph of 1x left 2 units, then

reflect over x-axis, and then shift up 2
units.
73. Reflect the graph of x over y-axis,

then expand vertically by a factor of 5.
72. Since 2 ( x11) = 2 + x11 , shift the
graph of
1
x
right 1 unit, then up 2 units.

then contract vertically by a factor of 5.
75.
Completing the square yields

f ( x) = x 2 6 x + 11
= ( x 2 6 x + 9 ) + 11 9
= ( x 3) + 2
2
So, shift the graph of x 2 right 3 units, then

up 2 units.
260
Section 3.3
76.

f ( x) = x 2 + 2 x 2
= ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) 2 1
= ( x + 1) 3
2
So, shift the graph of x 2 left 1 unit, then

down 3 units.
77.

f ( x) = ( x 2 + 2 x )
= ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 1
= ( x + 1) + 1
2
So, reflect the graph of x 2 over x-axis, then

shift left 1 unit, then up 1 unit.
78.

f ( x) = x 2 + 6 x 7
= ( x2 6x ) 7
= ( x2 6x + 9) 7 + 9
= ( x 3) + 2
2
So, reflect the graph of x 2 over x-axis, then

shift right 3 units, then up 2 units.
261
Chapter 3
79.

f ( x) = 2 x 2 8 x + 3
= 2 ( x2 4 x ) + 3
= 2 ( x2 4 x + 4) + 3 8
= 2 ( x 2) 5
2
So, vertically stretch the graph of x 2 by a

factor of 2, then shift right 2 units, then
down 5 units.
80.

f ( x) = 3 x 2 6 x + 5
= 3 ( x2 2 x ) + 5
= 3 ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 5 3
= 3 ( x 1) + 2
2
So, vertically stretch the graph of x 2 by a

factor of 3, then shift right 1 unit, then up 2
units.
81. Let x = number of hours worked per
week. Then, the salary is given by
S ( x) = 10 x (in dollars). After 1 year,
taking into account the raise, the new

salary is S ( x) = 10 x + 50 .
83. The 2006 taxes would be:
T ( x) = 0.33( x 6500)
85. (b) is wrong shift right 3 units.
87. (b) should be deleted since
3 x = x 3 . The correct sequence of
steps would be: (a) (c)* (d ) , where

(c)* : Shift to the right 3
82. The profit in a rainy year is given by

P( x) 10(Cost of 1) , where x is the
number of pallets sold.
Since they are giving away 10 pallets in a
rainy year, they dont make a profit on the
first 10. So, the profit would be P ( x 10) .
84. The actual amount administered if the
weight is overestimated by 3 ounces is
A( x + 3) = x + 3 + 2 .
86. (c) is wrong reflect over x-axis.
88. (b) is wrong and (d) is misplaced. The
correct sequence of steps would be:
(a) (d ) () (c) ,
where () = reflect over x-axis.
262
Section 3.3
89. True. Since x = 1 x = x .
90. False. y = x is the reflection of
y = x over the y-axis.

91. True.
92. True.
93. The graph of y = f ( x 3) + 2 is the graph of y = f ( x) shifted right 3 units, then up 2
units. So, if the point ( a, b) is on the graph of y = f ( x) , then the point ( a + 3, b + 2) is
on the graph of the translation y = f ( x 3) + 2 .
94. The graph of y = f ( x) + 1 is the graph of y = f ( x) reflected over y-axis, then over
x-axis, and then shifted up 1 unit. So, if the point (a, b) is on the graph of y = f ( x) ,
then the point (a, b + 1) is on the graph of the translation y = f ( x) + 1 .
b.
95. a.
Any part of the graph of y = f ( x) that is below the x-axis is reflected above it for the
graph of y = f ( x) .
263
Chapter 3
96. a.
97. a.
b.
f ( x), x 0
The relationship is described by: f ( x ) =
f ( x), x < 0
b.
If a > 1 , then the graph is a horizontal compression.

If 0 < a < 1, then the graph is a horizontal expansion.
264
Section 3.3
98. a.
b.
If 0 < a < 1, then the graph is a vertical compression.

If a > 1 , then the graph is a vertical expansion.
100.
99.
The graph of g is as follows:
The graph of f is as follows:
Each horizontal line in the graph of

y = a x b is stretched by a factor of 2. Any
portion of the graph that is below the xaxis is reflected above it. Also, there is a
vertical shift up of one unit.
Any portion of the graph of y = a x b that is

below the x-axis is reflected above it.
Also, there is a vertical shift up of one unit
and a vertical compression by a factor of
1 .
2
265
Chapter 3
Section 3.4 Solutions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.

2.
f ( x) + g ( x) = ( 2 x + 1) + (1 x )
f ( x) + g ( x) = ( 3 x + 2 ) + ( 2 x 4 )
= x+2
= 5x 2
f ( x) g ( x) = ( 2 x + 1) (1 x )
f ( x) g ( x) = ( 3 x + 2 ) ( 2 x 4 )
= 2x + 1 1 + x
= 3x + 2 2 x + 4
= 3x
= x+6
f ( x) g ( x) = ( 2 x + 1)(1 x )
f ( x) g ( x) = ( 3x + 2 ) ( 2 x 4 )
= 2x + 1 2x2 x
= 2 x 2 + x + 1
f ( x) 2 x + 1
=
g ( x) 1 x
Domains:
dom( f + g )
dom( f g ) = ( , )
dom( fg )
= 6 x 2 12 x + 4 x 8
= 6x2 8x 8
f ( x) 3x + 2
=
g ( x) 2 x 4
Domains:
dom( f + g )
dom( f g ) = ( , )
dom( fg )
f
dom = ( ,1) (1, )
g
3.
f ( x) + g ( x) = ( 2 x 2 x ) + ( x 2 4 )
f
dom = ( , 2 ) ( 2, )
g
4.
= 3x x 4
2
= x 2 + 3x 23
f ( x) g ( x) = ( 2 x x ) ( x 4 )
2
f ( x) g ( x) = ( 3 x + 2 ) ( x 2 25 )
= 2x x x + 4
= x2 x + 4
2
= 3 x + 2 x 2 + 25
= x 2 + 3x + 27
f ( x) g ( x) = ( 2 x 2 x ) ( x 2 4 )
f ( x) g ( x) = ( 3 x + 2 ) ( x 2 25 )
= 2 x x 8x + 4 x
f ( x) 2 x 2 x
= 2
g ( x)
x 4
4
Domains:
dom( f + g ), dom( f g ), dom( fg )} = ( , )

f
dom = ( , 2 ) ( 2, 2 ) ( 2, )
g
f ( x) + g ( x) = ( 3 x + 2 ) + ( x 2 25 )
= 3 x 3 + 2 x 2 75 x 50
f ( x) 3x + 2
=
g ( x) x 2 25
Domains:
dom( f + g ), dom( f g ), dom( fg )} = ( , )

f
dom = ( , 5 ) ( 5,5 ) ( 5, )
g
266
Section 3.4
5.
1 + x2
x
1 x2
f ( x) g ( x) = 1x x =
x
f ( x) g ( x) = 1x x = 1
f ( x) 1x 1
= =
g ( x) x x 2
f ( x) + g ( x) = 1x + x =
6.
Domains:
dom( f + g )
dom( f g )
dom( fg ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
f
dom
g
2x + 3 x 4
x 4 3x + 2
2x + 3
=
3x + 2
2x + 3
6 x 2 + 9 x + 4 x + 6 + x 2 8 x + 16
(
)
f
x
=
= x4
( x 4 )( 3x + 2 )
x4
g ( x)
2
3x + 2
7 x + 5 x + 22
=
2
x + 3 3x + 2
( x 4 )( 3x + 2 )
=
4
x
x4
2x + 3 x 4
f ( x) g ( x) =
( 2 x + 3)( 3x + 2 )
x 4 3x + 2
=
2
2
( x 4)
2 x + 3)( 3 x + 2 ) ( x 4 )
(
=
Domains:
( x 4 )( 3x + 2 )
2x + 3 x 4
+
x 4 3x + 2
2
2 x + 3)( 3 x + 2 ) + ( x 4 )
(
=
( x 4 )( 3x + 2 )
f ( x) g ( x) =
f ( x) + g ( x) =
dom( f + g )
6 x 2 + 9 x + 4 x + 6 x 2 + 8 x 16
=
dom( f g )
4
3
2
x
x
+
(
)(
)
=
dom( fg ) = ( , 23 ) ( 23 , 4 ) ( 4, )
f
dom
g
5 x + 21x 10
( x 4 )( 3x + 2 )
2
Domains:
7.
dom( f + g )
dom( f g ) = [ 0, )
dom( fg )
f ( x) + g ( x) = x + 2 x = 3 x
f ( x) g ( x) = x 2 x = x
f ( x) g ( x) = x 2 x = 2 x
f
dom = ( 0, )
g
f ( x)
x 1
=
=
g ( x) 2 x 2
267
Chapter 3
8.
f ( x) + g ( x) = x 1 + 2 x
Domains:
Must have both x 1 0 and 2 x 2 0. So,
dom( f + g )
dom( f g )
dom( fg ) = [1, )
f
dom
g
f ( x) g ( x) = x 1 2 x 2
f ( x) g ( x) = 2 x 2 x 1
f ( x)
x 1
=
g ( x)
2x2
9.
f ( x) + g ( x) = 4 x + x + 3
f ( x) g ( x) = 4 x x + 3
f ( x) g ( x) = 4 x x + 3
f ( x)
4 x
4 x x+3
=
=
g ( x)
x+3
x+3
10.
f ( x) + g ( x) = 1 2 x + 1x
f ( x) g ( x) = 1 2 x 1x
f ( x) g ( x) = 1 2 x 1x
f ( x)
1 2x
=
= x 1 2x
1
g ( x)
x
11.
Domains:
Must have both 4 x 0 and x + 3 0 .
So,
dom( f + g )
dom( f g ) = [ 3, 4] .
dom( fg )
For the quotient, must have both 4 x 0
f
and x + 3 > 0 . So, dom = ( 3, 4] .
g
Domains:
Must have both 1 2 x 0 and x 0 . So,
dom( f + g )
dom( f g )
dom( fg ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, 12 ]
f
dom
g
( f D g )( x) = 2 ( x 2 3) + 1 = 2 x 2 6 + 1 = 2 x 2 5
( g D f )( x) = ( 2 x + 1) 3 = 4 x 2 + 4 x + 1 3 = 4 x 2 + 4 x 2
2
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , ) = dom( g D f )
12.
( f D g )( x) = ( 2 x ) 1 = 4 4 x + x 2 1 = x 2 4 x + 3
2
( g D f )( x) = 2 ( x 2 1) = 2 x 2 + 1 = x 2 + 3
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , ) = dom( g D f )
268
Section 3.4
13.
1
1
=
( x + 2) 1 x + 1
1
1 + 2( x 1) 1 + 2 x 2 2 x 1
+2=
=
=
( g D f )( x) =
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
( f D g )( x) =
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , 1) ( 1, ) ,
dom( g D f ) = ( ,1) (1, )
14.
2
2
=
(2 + x) 3 x 1
2
2( x 3) + 2 2 x 6 + 2 2 x 4
=
=
=
( g D f )( x) = 2 +
x3
x3
x3
x3
( f D g )( x) =
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( ,1) (1,3) ( 3, ) ,
dom( g D f ) = ( ,3) ( 3, )
15.
16.
1
1 x
1 =
x
x
1
( g D f )( x) =
x 1
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
1
1
=
x 1 x 1
1
( g D f )( x) =
x 1
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( ,1) (1, )
( f D g )( x) =
( f D g )( x) =
dom( g D f ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0,1) (1, )
dom( g D f ) = ( , 1) ( 1,1) (1, )
17.
( f D g )( x) = ( x + 5) 1 = x + 4
( g D f )( x) = x 1 + 5
Domains:
dom( f D g ) : Must have x + 4 0 . So, dom( f D g ) = [ 4, ) .
dom( g D f ) : Must have x 1 0 . So, dom( g D f ) = [1, ) .

18.
( f D g )( x) = 2 ( x 2 + 2 ) = 2 x 2 2 = x 2
( g D f )( x) =
2 x
+2 = 2 x+2 = 4 x
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = [0] since x 2 0 only when x = 0.
dom( g D f ) = ( , 2]
269
Chapter 3
19.
3
( f D g )( x) = ( x 4) 3 + 4 = x 4 + 4 = x
1
( g D f )( x) = ( x3 + 4 ) 4 = x3 = x
1
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , ) = dom( g D f )
20.
( f D g )( x) =
( g D f )( x) =
(x
3
+ 1 1 = 3 x 3 + 2x 3 + 11 = 3 x 3 + 2x 3 = 3 x
x2 1
(x
+2
+ 1 = ( x 2 1) + 1 = x 4 2 x 2 + 1 + 1 = x 4 2 x 2 + 2
2
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , ) = dom( g D f )
21.
22.
( f + g )(2) = f (2) + g (2)
23.
= 102 + 10 + 10 1
= 14 + 1 = 15
= 110 + 3 = 113
24.
( f g )(2) = f (2) g (2)
( f g )(5) = f (5) g (5)
= 2 + 10 2 1
= 52 + 10 5 1
= 14 1 = 13
= 35 2 = 33
25.
( f + g )(10) = f (10) + g (10)
= 2 + 10 + 2 1
2
26.
( f g )(4) = f (4) g (4)
( f g )(5) = f (5) g (5)
= 4 + 10 4 1
= 52 + 10 5 1
= 26 3
= 35(2) = 70
28.
27.
f
f (10) 10 + 10
=
=
(10) =
g (10)
10 1
g
f
f (2) 22 + 10
=
=
= 14
(2)

g (2)
2 1
g
110
3
29.
30.
f ( g (2)) = f N
2 1 =12 + 10 = 11
=1
31.
f ( g (1)) = f N
1 1 = 02 + 10 = 10
=0
32.
g ( f ( 3)) = g (3) 2 + 10 = 19 1 = 3 2

=19
g ( f (4)) = g 4
+ 10 = 26 1 = 5
= 26
270
Section 3.4
33. 0 is not in the domain of g, so that

g (0) is not defined. Hence, f ( g (0)) is
undefined.
34.
g ( f (0)) = g 0
+ 10 = 10 1 = 3
=10
36.
35. f ( g (3)) is not defined since g (3)

in not defined.
( ( 7 )) = g ( 7 ) + 10
2
g f
= g (17) = 17 1 = 4
37.
( f D g )(4) = f ( g (4)) = f
= f
( 3) = ( 3)
4 1
38.
( g D f )(3) = g ( f (3)) = g (3) 2 + 10
+ 10 = 13
= g (19) = 19 1 = 3 2
40.
39.
1 2
=1 + 1 = 2
f ( g (1)) = f
2 1
N
=1
1
2
+ 1 =
= 13
g ( f (2)) = g 2N
=5 2 5
f ( g (1)) = f 2(1) + 1 = 13

=3
g ( f (2)) = g ( 12 ) = 2 ( 12 ) + 1 = 2
2
+ 2 Since 3 is not in
41. f ( g (1)) = f 1N
=3
the domain of f, this is undefined.
Likewise, g ( f (2)) is undefined since 2 is
not in the domain of f.
43.
1
f ( g (1)) = f 1N
+ 3 =
= 13
4
1
=4
1
g ( f (2)) = g
= 1+ 3 = 4
2 1
N
=1
42.
2
f ( g (1)) = f 1N
+ 1 = 3 2 = 1
=2
g ( f (2)) = g 3
2 = 12 + 1 = 2
=1
44.
1
f ( g (1)) = f 2(1) 3 = = 1

1

=1
g ( f (2)) = g ( 12 ) = 2 ( 12 ) 3 = 2
46.
45.
1 3 1
7
3
f ( g (1)) = f
= 2 3 = 2
1
3
= 2
3
1
g ( f (2)) = g
2
3 =
= 14
1 3
=1
+ 5 = 6 1 = 5
f ( g (1)) = f 1N
=6
g ( f (2)) = g N
2 1 = 12 + 5 = 6
=1
271
Chapter 3
48.
47. f ( g (1)) is undefined since g (1) is not

defined.
1
g ( f (2)) = g 2
= g (1) , which is not
2 3
defined. So, this is also undefined.
49.
3
= 3
23
g ( f (2)) is undefined since f (2) is not
defined.
50.
1
1
f ( g (1)) = f (1 3) 3 = f (2) 3
f ( g (1)) = f 12 + 2(1) + 1 = f (4)

= (4 1) =
1
g ( f (2)) = g (2 1)
) = g (1)
51.
x 1
f ( g ( x)) = 2
+ 1 = x 1 + 1 = x
2
(2 x + 1) 1 2 x
g ( f ( x)) =
=
=x
2
2
(x
g ( f ( x)) =
+ 1) 1 = x 2 = x = x
N
))
2
2
= 1N
2 3 ,
<0
2
which is undefined
g ( f (2)) is undefined since f (2) is not
defined.
52.
(3 x + 2) 2 3 x
f ( g ( x)) =
=
=x
3
3
x2
g ( f ( x)) = 3
+2 = x2+2 = x
3
54.
= 1 + 2(1) + 1 = 4
f ( g ( x)) =
= 1 (2)
53.
f ( g (1)) = f 4 12 = f (3) =
f ( g ( x)) = 2
2 x
= 2 (2 x)
= 22+ x = x
Since x 1
g ( f ( x)) = 2 ( 2 x 2 ) = 2 2 + x 2 = x 2 = x
x 1 + 1 = ( x 1) + 1 = x
56.
3
f ( g ( x)) = 5 ( 5 x 3 ) = 5 5 + x 3
1
55.
f ( g ( x)) =
1
1
x
=x
g ( f ( x)) =
1
1
x
= x 3 = x
=x
57.
2
x+9
x+9
f ( g ( x)) = 4
9 = 4
9 = x
2
4
g ( f ( x)) =
(4x
g ( f ( x)) = 5 (5 x) 3 = 5 (5 x)
= 55+ x = x
9 +9
2
272
4x2 2x
=
=x
2
2
Section 3.4
58.
x3 + 1
3 3
f ( g ( x)) = 8
1 = x = x
8
3
(
g ( f ( x)) =
8x 1 + 1
8
8x 1 + 1
=x
8
59.
f ( g ( x)) =
g ( f ( x)) =
60. f ( g ( x)) = g ( f ( x)) = 25

61.
1
1
1
=
=
=x
x +1
x +1 x
1
x 1
x
x
+1
1
x 1
1
x 1
25 x 2
f ( x) = 2 x 2 + 5 x g ( x) = 3x 1
1+ x 1
x 1
1
x 1
x
x 1
1
x1
=x
= 25 25 x 2 = x 2 = x since x 0 .
62. The most natural pairs are:
f ( x) = 1x g ( x) = x 2 + 1
f ( x) =
63. f ( x) =
2
x
g ( x) = x 3
64. f ( x) = x
3
g ( x) = x + 1
x 2
67. F (C ( K )) = 95 ( K 273.15 ) + 32
65. f ( x) =
66. f ( x) =
g ( x) = x 2
1
x +1
g ( x) = 1 x 2
x
g ( x) = x
3x + 2
68. We need to calculate the composition function ( K D C )( F ) .

Solve F = 95 C + 32 for C: C = 95 ( F 32)
Solve C = K 273.15 for K: K = C + 273.15
So, ( K D C )( F ) = K (C ( F )) = K ( 95 ( F 32) ) = 95 ( F 32) + 273.15 =
5
9
F + 255.37 .
Thus, 32D F corresponds to 95 (32) + 255.37 = 273.15K , and

212D F corresponds to 95 (212) + 255.37 = 373.15K .
69. Let x = number of linear feet of fence purchased.
a. Let l = length of each side of the square pen ( = 4x )
2
b. A(100) = ( 100
4 ) = 625 ft
2
2
c. A(200) = ( 200
4 ) = 2500 ft
2
A = area of the square pen = l 2 .

So, ( A D l )( x) = A ( 4x ) = ( 4x ) .
2
273
Chapter 3
70. Let x = number of linear feet of fence purchased.

a. Let l = length of a radius of the circular pen
2 l = x so that l = 2x
N
b. A(100) = 100
4 =
2
2500
Circumference
A = area of the square pen = l 2 .

So, ( A D l )( x) = A ( 2x ) = ( 2x ) =
2
x2
4
c. A(200) =
2002
4
= 10,000
71. First, solve p = 3000 12 x for x: x = 2(3000 p ) = 6000 2 p
a. C ( x( p )) = C ( 6000 2 p ) = 2000 + 10(6000 2 p ) = 62, 000 20 p

b. R( x( p)) = 100(6000 2 p) = 600, 000 200 p
c. Profit P = R C . So,
P ( x( p )) = R( x( p)) C ( x( p))
= ( 600, 000 200 p ) ( 62, 000 20 p )
= 538, 000 180 p
1
72. First, solve p = 10, 000 4 x for x: x = 4(10, 000 p) = 40, 000 4 p
a. C ( x( p )) = C ( 40, 000 4 p ) = 30, 000 + 5(40, 000 4 p ) = 230, 000 20 p

b. R ( x( p )) = 1000(40, 000 4 p ) = 40, 000, 000 4000 p
c. Profit P = R C . So,
P( x( p )) = R( x( p)) C ( x( p))
= ( 40, 000, 000 4000 p ) ( 230, 000 20 p )
= 39, 770, 000 3,980 p
2
73. A(t ) = 150 t = 22,500 t ft 2

74. Volume of rectangular pool = length width height = 20 10 h = 200h .
Let t = number of hours water has been pumped into the pool.
Then, from the information we are given, volume = 50t .
50 t
=t
Thus, solving 50t = 200h for h yields: h = 200

4
Height of water as a
function of time t
274
Section 3.4
75. Let h = height of the fireworks above

ground.
Then, the distance between the family and

the fireworks is given by
d (h) = (h 0) 2 + (0 2) 2 = h 2 + 4 .
76. Let p = asking price for a home.

Then, the profit is given by
Realtor
Commission

+
R( p ) = p 172,
000
0.6
p
Amount initially
paid for home
79. ( f D g )( x) = f ( g ( x)) , not f ( x) g ( x)

81. The mistake made was that ( f + g )
was multiplied by 2 when it ought to have
been evaluated at 2.
77. Must exclude 2 from the domain.

78. Must also exclude 2 from the
domain.
80. Domain is [3, )
82. Didnt distribute to all parts of
g ( x) . Should have been:
f ( x) g ( x) = ( x + 2) x 2 4
= x + 2 x2 + 4
= x2 + x + 6
83. False.
84. False.
The domain of the sum, difference, or
For example, consider the functions
product of two functions is the intersection
f ( x) = x + 1, g ( x) = 3 .
of their domains; the domain of the
Observe that
quotient is the set obtained by intersecting
f ( g (4)) = f (3) = 4
the two domains and then excluding all
g ( f (4)) = g (5) = 3
values where the denominator equals 0.
85. True
86. False
87.
1
1
=
( g D f )( x) =
Domain: x 0, a
( x + a) a x
275
Chapter 3
88.
( g D f )( x) =
=
1
1
= 2
( ax + bx + c ) c ax + bx
2
1
x(ax + b)
Domain: x 0, ba , c
89.
( g D f )( x) =
x+a
a = x+aa = x
Domain: Must have x + a 0, so that

x a . So, domain is [ a, ) .
90. ( g D f )( x) =
1
b
1
= x ab
1
x ab
1
a
x
Domain: The domain depends on the
values of a and b. For instance, if a = 1
and b = 3 , then domain is ( , 0 ) ( 0, ) .
If a = 2 and b = 1 , then domain is ( 0, ) .
1
91.
Notes on the graph:

The dotted curve is the graph of y1 , while
the thick, solid curve is the graph of
y1 + y2 .
Domain of y2 is [-7, 9].
The graph of y3 is as follows:
92.
y1 = 3 x + 5
1
3 x
y1
y3 =
y2
y2 =
Domain of y3 = ( ,3)
276
Section 3.5
93.
y1 = x 2 3 x 4
1
x 2 14
1
y3 =
2
( y1) 14
y2 =
Domain of y3 = ( ,3) (3, 1] [4, 6) (6, )
94.
Notes on the graph:

The dotted curve is the graph of y1 , while
the thick, solid curve is the graph of
y3 = y12 + 2 .
Section 3.5 Solutions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Is a function.

Not one-to-one
2. Is a function.
3. Is a function.
April and October both
One-to-one
One-to-one
map to 78D F .
4. Is a function.
5. Is a function.
6. Is a function.
Not one-to-one
One-to-one
One-to-one
Carrie and Michael both
map to A, for instance.
277
Chapter 3
7. Not a function since 4

maps to both 2 and 2 .
10. Is a function.
One-to-one
13. Is a function.
One-to-one
8. Is a function.
Not one-to-one
0,1,2,3 all map to 1 in the
range.
11. Is a function.
Not one-to-one
Doesnt pass the horizontal
line test. Both (1,1) , (0,1)
are on the graph.
14. Is a function.
One-to-one
9. Is a function.
Not one-to-one
0,2, 2 all map to 1 in the
range, for instance.
12. Is a function.
Not one-to-one
line test.
15. Is a function.
Not one-to-one
line test.
16. Is a function. One-to-one

17. Not one-to-one. Both (0,3), (6,3) lie
on the graph.
18. Not one-to-one. Both (0,5), (4,5) lie

on the graph.
19.
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
1
1
=
x1 1 x2 1
x2 1 = x1 1
x2 = x1
One-to-one
278
Section 3.5
20.
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
x1 = 3 x2
( x ) =( x )
3
x1 = x2
One-to-one
21. f is not one-to-one since, for example,

f (1) = f (1) = 3 .
22.
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
x1 + 1 = x2 + 1
x1 + 1 = x2 + 1
x1 = x2
One-to-one
279
Chapter 3
23.
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) x13 1 = x23 1
x13 = x23
x1 = x2
One-to-one
24.
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
1
1
=
x1 + 2 x2 + 2
x2 + 2 = x1 + 2
x2 = x1
One-to-one
25.
Given: f ( x) = 2 x + 1, f 1 ( x) =
x 1
2
x 1
f ( f 1 ( x) ) = 2
+ 1 = x 1 + 1 = x
2
(2 x + 1) 1 2 x
f 1 ( f ( x) ) =
=
=x
2
2
Notes on the Graphs:
Thick, solid curve is the graph of f.
Thin, solid curve is the graph of f 1 .
Thick, dotted curve is the graph of y = x .
280
Section 3.5
26.
x2
, f 1 ( x) = 3 x + 2
3
x
(3
+ 2) 2 3 x
f ( f 1 ( x) ) =
=
=x
3
3
x2
f 1 ( f ( x) ) = 3
+2 = x2+2 = x
3
Given: f ( x) =

27.
Given: f ( x) = x 1, x 1
f 1 ( x) = x 2 + 1, x 0
f ( f 1 ( x) ) =
f 1 ( f ( x) ) =
(x
+ 1) 1 = x 2 = x = x
N
Since x 0
x 1 +1 = x 1+1 = x

281
Chapter 3
28.
Given: f ( x) = 2 x 2 , x 0
f 1 ( x ) = 2 x , x 2
f ( f 1 ( x) ) = 2
2 x
= 2 (2 x) = x
f 1 ( f ( x) ) = 2 ( 2 x 2 ) = x 2 = x = x
N
Since x 0

29.
Given: f ( x) = 1x , f 1 ( x) = 1x
1
f ( f 1 ( x) ) = 1 = x
x
f 1 ( f ( x) ) =
1
1
x
=x

282
Section 3.5
30.
1
Given: f ( x) = (5 x) 3 , f 1 ( x) = 5 x 3
f ( f 1 ( x) ) = (5 (5 x 3 )) 3 = (5 5 + x 3 )
1
= ( x3 ) 3 = x
1
f 1 ( f ( x) ) = 5 (5 x) 3 = 5 (5 x) = x
1

31.
1
1
3
, f 1 ( x) =
2x + 6
2x
1
1
f ( f 1 ( x) ) =
=1
6+6
1
2 3 + 6 x
2x
1
= 1 =x
Given: f ( x) =
1
1
3 =
3
1
1
2
x+3
2 x + 6
= x +33 = x
f 1 ( f ( x) ) =

283
Chapter 3
32.
3
3
, f 1 ( x) = 4
4 x
x
3
3
=
f ( f 1 ( x) ) =
3
3
44 44+
x
x
x
= 3 = x
3
3
4 x
1
= 4 3
f ( f ( x) ) = 4
3
3
4 x
= 44+ x = x
Given: f ( x) =

33.
x+3
3 4x
, f 1 ( x) =
x+4
x 1
3 4x
3 4 x + 3( x 1)
+3
x 1
f ( f 1 ( x) ) = x 1
=
3 4x
3 4 x + 4( x 1)
+4
x 1
x 1
3 4 x + 3x 3
x
x 1
=
= x 1
1
3 4 x + 4x 4
x 1
x 1
x x 1
=x
=
x 1 1
x+3
4 x + 12
3 4
3
+
x
4
=
x+4
f 1 ( f ( x) ) =
x+3
x+3
1
1
x+4
x+4
Given: f ( x) =
3 x + 12 4 x 12
x
x+4
=
= x+4
1
x +3 x 4
x+4
x+4
x x + 4
=x
=
x + 4 1

284
Section 3.5
34.
3x + 5
x 5
, f 1 ( x ) =
3 x
x +1
3x + 5
3 x + 5 5( x + 1)
5
x +1
=
f ( f 1 ( x) ) = x + 1
3x + 5 3x + 3 ( 3x + 5)
3
x +1
x +1
2 x
3x + 5 5 x 5
x +1
= x +1
=
2
3 x + 3 3x 5
x +1
x +1
2 x x + 1
=
=x
x + 1 2
x 5
3 x 15
3
+5
+5
3
= 3 x
f 1 ( f ( x ) ) =
x5
x 5
+1
+1
3 x
3 x
3 x 15 + 5(3 x) 3 x 15 + 15 5 x
3 x
3 x
=
=
x 5+3 x
x 5+ 3 x
3 x
3 x
2 x 3 x
=
=x
3 x 2
Given: f ( x) =

35.
36.

Thin, solid curve is the graph of f.
Thick, solid curve is the graph of f 1 .

285
Chapter 3
37.
38.


39.

40.

286
Section 3.5
41.
42.


Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
43. Solve y = x 1 for x:

x = y +1
1
Thus, f ( x) = x + 1 .
44. Solve y = 7 x for x:
x = 17 y
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 17 x .
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )
45. Solve y = 3x + 2 for x:

x = 13 ( y 2)
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 13 ( x 2) = 13 x + 32 .
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )
46. Solve y = 2 x + 3 for x:

x = 12 ( y 3)
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 12 ( x 3) .
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )
47. Solve y = x 3 + 1 for x:
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
x=
1
y 1
Thus, f ( x) = x 1 .
3
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )
287
Chapter 3
48. Solve y = x 3 1 for x:

x=
y +1
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 3 x + 1 .
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )

x = y2 + 3
Thus, f 1 ( x) = x 2 + 3 .
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [3, )

x = 3 y2
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 3 x 2 .
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( ,3]
51. Solve y = x 2 1 for x:
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [ 0, )
x=
y +1
Thus, f 1 ( x) = x + 1 .
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [ 0, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [ 0, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [ 1, )
52. Solve y = 2 x 2 + 1 for x:
2 x2 = y 1
y 1
(since x 0)
2
x 1
.
Thus, f 1 ( x) =
2
53. Solve y = ( x + 2) 2 3 for x:
x=+
y + 3 = ( x + 2) 2
y + 3 = x + 2 (since x 2)
2 + y + 3 = x
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [ 0, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [1, )
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [ 2, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [ 3, )
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 2 + x + 3 .
54. Solve y = ( x 3) 2 2 for x:
y + 2 = ( x 3) 2
y + 2 = x 3 (since x 3)
3+ y + 2 = x
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [3, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [ 2, )
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 3 + x + 2 .
288
Section 3.5
55. Solve y =
2
x
for x:
xy = 2
x = 2y
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 2x .
56. Solve y = 3x for x:
yx = 3
x = 3y
1
Thus, f ( x) = .
3
x
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
(3 x ) y = 2
3 y xy = 2
xy = 3 y 2
x = 3 yy 2
Thus, f 1 ( x) =
58. Solve y =
3 x 2
x
7
x+2
for x:
2 y + xy = 7
xy = 7 2 y
x = 7 y2 y
59. Solve y =
72 x
x
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , 2 ) ( 2, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
7 x +1
5 x
for x:
y (5 x) = 7 x + 1
5 y xy = 7 x + 1
7 x xy = 1 5 y
x(7 + y ) = 1 5 y
x = 57y+y1
Thus, f 1 ( x) =
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
= 3 2x .
( x + 2) y = 7
Thus, f 1 ( x) =
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( ,3) ( 3, )
5 x 1
x +7
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( ,5 ) ( 5, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , 7 ) ( 7, )
289
Chapter 3
60. Solve y = 27x++x5 for x:

y (7 + x) = 2 x + 5
xy + 7 y = 2 x + 5
2 x + xy = 5 7 y
x( y 2) = 5 7 y
x = 5y72y
Thus, f 1 ( x) =
5 7 x
x2
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , 7 ) ( 7, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , 2 ) ( 2, )
61. Not one-to-one
63. One-to-one
The portion of the graph for non-negative
x values is as follows. The graph for
negative x-values is merely a reflection of
this graph over the origin.
62. One-to-one
Calculate the inverse function piecewise:

For x < 0 : Solve y = 1x for x:
y = 1x
xy = 1
x = 1y
So, G 1 ( x) = 1x on ( , 0 ) .
For x 0 : Solve y = x for x:
y= x
x = y2
So, G 1 ( x) = x 2 on ( 0, ) .
Thus, the inverse function is given by:
1x , x < 0
1
G ( x) = 2
x , x 0
290
Section 3.5
64. Not one-to-one
65. Solve y = 95 x + 32 for x:

y 32 = 95 x
5
9 ( y 32) = x
So, f 1 ( x) = 95 ( x 32) .
The inverse function represents the
conversion from degrees Fahrenheit to
degrees Celsius.
(Note: Should also have the graph of
y = x 2 , x 2 , above. The present curve
would have an open hole at (2,2), and this
newly-added piece would have a closed
hole at (2,4) and extend upward to the
right quadratically.)
66. Solve y = 95 ( x 32) for x:
y = x 32
y + 32 = x
9
5
9
5
So, C 1 ( x) = 95 x + 32 . The inverse function represents the conversion from degrees

Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit.
67. Let x = number of boats entered. The cost function is
250 x,
0 x 10
C ( x) = 2500 + 175( x 10) , x > 10

= 175 x + 750
To calculate C 1 ( x) , we calculate the inverse of each piece separately:
y
x
For 0 x 10 : Solve y = 250 x for x: x = 250
. So, C 1 ( x) = 250
, for 0 x 2500 .
750
. So, C 1 ( x) =
For x > 10 : Solve y = 175 x + 750 for x: x = y175
x , 0 x 2500
C 1 ( x) = x 250
750
175 , x > 2500
291
x 750
175
, for x > 2500 .
Chapter 3
68. Let x = number of long-distance minutes. The cost function is

0.39 x,
0 x 10
C ( x) = 3.9 + 0.12( x 10) , x > 10

= 0.12 x + 2.7
1
To calculate C ( x) , we calculate the inverse of each piece separately:
y
x
For 0 x 10 : Solve y = 0.39 x for x: x = 0.39
. So, C 1 ( x) = 0.39
, for 0 x 3.9 .
2.7
2.7
. So, C 1 ( x) = x0.12
, for x > 3.9 .
For x > 10 : Solve y = 0.12 x + 2.7 for x: x = y0.12
x , 0 x 3.9
C 1 ( x) = x 0.39
2.7
0.12 , x > 3.9
69. Let x = number of hours worked. Then, the take home pay is given by
E ( x) = N
7 x 0.25(7 x) = 5.25 x .

$7 per hour,
for x hours
Amount withheld
for taxes
y
x
To calculate E 1 , solve y = 5.25 x for x: x = 5.25
. So, E 1 ( x) = 5.25
, x0.
The inverse function tells you how many hours you need to work to attain a certain take
home pay.
70. Let x = number of hours worked.
Since the hourly rate for overtime pay is 1.5(8) = 12 dollars per hour, we see that the
weekly earnings are described by the following function:
8 x,
0 x 40
0 x 40
320 + 12( x 40) , x > 40
8 x,
E ( x) =

=
12 x 160, x > 40
Pay for first Amount of overtime
pay
40 hours
To calculate E 1 ( x) , we calculate the inverse of each piece separately:
For 0 x 40 : Solve y = 8 x for x: x = 8y . So, E 1 ( x) = 8x , for 0 x 320 .
For x > 40 : Solve y = 12 x 160 for x: x = y +12160 . So, E 1 ( x) = x +12160 , for x > 320 .
x , 0 x 320
E 1 ( x) = x +8160
12 , x > 320
The inverse function tells you how many hours you need to work to attain a certain take
home pay.
72. To determine the points on the graph
71. Not a function since the graph does
of the inverse of f, switch the order of the x
not pass the vertical line test.
and y in the ordered pairs rather than
292
Section 3.5
73. Must restrict the domain to a portion

on which f is one-to-one, say x 0 . Then,
the calculation will be valid.
74. dom ( f 1 ) = rng ( f ) = [ 0, ) , not
[ 2, ) .
76. False. The function f ( x) = 0 is odd,

but not one-to-one.
78. True. dom( f ) is inside ( , 0 ) and
rng ( f ) is inside ( 0, ) . Since they are

switched for f 1 , dom( f 1 ) is inside ( 0, )
multiplying by 1 . So, in this case, since

(3,3), (0, 4) are on the graph of f, the
points (3,3), (4, 0) are on the graph of f 1 .
75. False. In fact, no even function can be
one-to-one since the condition
f ( x) = f ( x) implies that the horizontal
line test is violated.
77. False. Consider f ( x) = x . Then,
f 1 ( x) = x also.
79. (b, 0) since the x and y coordinates of
all points on the graph of f are switched to
get the corresponding points on the graph
of f 1 .
and rng ( f 1 ) is inside ( , 0 ) . Thus, the

graph of f 1 is in Quadrant IV.
80. If (a, 0) is on the graph of f, then (0, a) is on the graph of f 1 . This is its yintercept.
81. The equation of the unit circle is x 2 + y 2 = 1 . The portion in Quadrant I is given by
y = 1 x 2 , 0 x 1, 0 y 1 .
To calculate the inverse of this function, solve for x:
y 2 = 1 x 2 , which gives us x = 1 y 2
So, f 1 ( x) = 1 x 2 , 0 x 1 . The domain and range of both are [0,1] .
82. Let f ( x) = cx , c 0 . To calculate the inverse of this function, solve for x:
y = cx x = cy yx = c y = cx .
Thus, f ( x) = f 1 ( x), x 0 .
83. As long as m 0 (that is, while the
graph of f is not a horizontal line), it is
one-to-one.
84. Assume m 0 . Then, solving

y = mx + b for x yields: x = ymb .
So, the inverse of f ( x) = mx + b is
f 1 ( x) =
293
x b
m
Chapter 3
85. Not one-to-one
87. Not one-to-one
89. Not inverses. Had we restricted the

domain of the parabola to [ 0, ) , then they
86. One-to-one
88. One-to-one
90. Yes, it appears as though the given

functions are inverses of each other.
would have been.
294
Section 3.6
91. Yes, it appears as though the given

functions are inverses of each other.
92. No, they are not inverses.
Section 3.6 Solutions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. y = kx

2. s = kt
3. V = kx3
5. z = km
k
7. f =
kw
L
11. v = kgt
k
13. R =
PT
9. F =
15. y = k x
17. The general equation is d = kt . Using
the fact that d = k (1) = r , we see that
k = r . So, d = rt .
19. The general equation is V = klw .

Using the fact that V = k (2)(3) = 6h we
see that k = h . So, V = lwh .
4. A = kx 2
6. h = k t
k
8. P = 2
r
kT
10. V =
P
12. S = ktd
k
14. y =
xz
k
16. y = 3
t
18. The general equation is F = km .
Using the fact that F = k (1) = a, we see
that k = a . So, F = ma .
20. The general equation is A = kbh .
Using the fact that A = k (5)(4) = 10 we see
that k =
295
1
1
. So, A = bh .
2
2
Chapter 3
21. The general equation is d = kr 2 .

Using the fact that A = k (3) 2 = 9 , we see
22. The general equation is V = kr 3 .

Using the fact that V = k (3)3 = 36 , we
4
4
see that k = . So, V = r 3 .
3
3
that k = . So, A = r 2 .
4
23. The general equation is V = khr 2 . Using the fact that V = k (2) 2 = 1, we see

that k =
16
. So, V =
16
hr 2 .
24. The general equation is W = kRI 2 . Using the fact that W = k (100)(0.25) 2 = 4 , we
25k
16
16 2
= 4 , so that k =
. Hence, W =
RI .
4
25
25
k
k
25. The general equation is V = . Using the fact that V =
= 1000 , we see that
400
P
400, 000
k = 400, 000 . Hence, V =
.
P
k
k
26. The general equation is I = 2 . Using the fact that I = 2 = 42 , we see that
16
d
10, 752
k = 10, 752 . Hence, I =
.
d2
k
27. The general equation is F =
. Using the fact that F = 6 k 5 = 20 , we
L
(10 m )(10 m )
see that
see that k = 2 . So, F =
2
.
L
28. The general equation is y =
k
k
. Using the fact that y =
= 32 , we see that
xz
4(0.05)
k = 4(0.05)(32) = 6.4 . Hence, y =
6.4
.
xz
k
k
. Using the fact that t = = 2.4 , we see that
8
s
19.2
k = 2.4(8) = 19.2 . Hence, t =
.
s
29. The general equation is t =
296
Section 3.6
30. The general equation is W =
k
k
= 180 , we see that
. Using the fact that W =
2
(0.2) 2
d
7.2
.
d2
k = 180(0.2) 2 = 7.2 . Hence, W =

31. The general equation is R =
k
k
. Using the fact that R =
= 0.4 , we see that
2
I
(3.5) 2
k = (3.5)2 (0.4) = 4.9 . Hence, R =

32. The general equation is y =
4.9
.
I2
k
x z
. Using the fact that y =
that k = 12(0.2)(2) = 4.8 . Hence, y =

33. The general equation is R =
k
= 12 , we see
(0.2) 4
4.8
.
x z
kL
k (20)
. Using the fact that R =
= 0.5 , we see that
A
(0.4)
50k = 0.5 , so that k = 0.01 . Hence, R =
0.01L
.
A
km
k (20)
= 32 , we see that
. Using the fact that F =
d
8
12.8m
.
k = 32 ( 208 ) = 12.8 . Hence, F =
d
km m
k (8)(16)
35. The general equation is F = 12 2 . Using the fact that F =
= 20 , we see
(0.4) 2
d
20(0.4) 2
0.025m1m2
= 0.025 . Hence, F =
that k =
.
(8)(16)
d2
36. The general equation is w =
k g
k 16
. Using the fact that w =
= 20 , we see that
2
(0.5) 2
t
1.25 g
20(0.5) 2
.
k=
= 1.25 . Hence, w =
t2
4
37. Assume that W = kH . We need to determine k. Using Jasons data, we see that
172.50 = 23k , so that k = 7.5 . So, W = 7.5H . (Note that Valeries data also satisfies
this equation.)
297
Chapter 3
38.
Orange County: Assume that T = kP . We need to determine k. Using the data, we see
that 2.60 = 40k , so that k = 0.065 . So, T = 0.065P .
Seminole County: Assume that T = kP . We need to determine k. Using the data, we

see that 0.84 = 12k , so that k = 0.07 . So, T = 0.07 P .
39. Let S = speed of the object, and M =
40. Using the same model as in Exercise
Mach number. We are given that S = kM . 39, we see that for the F-22A Raptor,
We also know that when S = 760 mph (at S = 760 (1.5 ) = 1,140 mph .
sea level), M = 1. As such, k = 760.
Hence, for U.S. Navy Blue Angels,
S = 760 (1.7 ) = 1, 292 mph .
41. We are given that F = kH . Using the
fact that F = 11 when H = 6.8, we see that
11 = 6.8k , so that k = 1.618. Hence,
F = 1.618 H .
43. Assume Hookes law holds: F = kx.
Using the fact that F = 30N when
x = 10 cm, we see that k = 3 N
. So,
cm
F = 3 x . As such, 72N = 3 N
x , so
cm
that x = 24 cm .
45. Let D = demand for Levis jeans

P = price for Levis jeans.
k
We are told that D = . Using the given
P
information for Flare 519 jeans (namely
that P = 20 when D = 300,000) yields
k
so that k = 6, 000, 000 .
300, 000 =
20
Thus, for Vintage Flare jeans, the demand
6, 000, 000
= 20, 000 .
D is given by: D =
300
42. Let S1 and S2 denote two abutting

sections of a finger. It is known that
S1 = kS2 . Using the fact that S 2 = 5 when
S1 = 8 , we see that k = 1.6 . So,
S1 = 1.6S 2 .
44. Using the same information as in
Exercise 43, we see that the given
information yields
F= 3N
18 cm ) = 54N .
cm (
46. Let D = demand for Levis jeans

P = price for Levis jeans.
k
We are told that D = . Using the given
P
information for Silver Tab baggy jeans
(namely that P = 30 when D = 400,000)
k
yields 400, 000 =
so that
30
k = 12, 000, 000 . Thus, for Offender jeans,
the demand D is given by:
12, 000, 000
D=
= 75, 000 .
160
298
Section 3.6
47. Use the formula I =
k = 1400 w
k
. Using the data for Earth, we obtain:
D2
k
so that
1400 w 2 =
m (150, 000 km )2
(150, 000 km ) = (1400 w m ) (150, 000, 000 m ) = 3.15 10

m )
2
19
Hence, the intensity for Mars is given by:

3.15 1019 w
3.15 1019 w
I=
=
600 w 2
2
2
m
( 228, 000 km ) ( 228, 000, 000 m )
48. Use the formula I =
k
. Using the data for Earth, we obtain:
D2
k
1400 w 2 =
so that
m (150, 000 km )2
(150, 000 km ) = 1400 w m2 (150, 000, 000 m ) = 3.15 1019 w

m2
Hence, the intensity for Mercury is given by:
3.15 1019 w
3.15 1019 w
I=
=
9400 w 2
2
2
m
( 58, 000 km ) ( 58, 000, 000 m )
k = 1400 w
49. Use the formula I = kPt .

50. Use the formula I = kPt . Observe
Bank of America:
750 = k (25, 000)(2) , so that k = 0.015,
1
that 3250 = k (130, 000) , so that
which corresponds to 1.5%.
2
Navy Federal Credit Union:
k = 0.05. So, 5% interest rate is needed to
1500 = k (25, 000)(2) , so that k = 0.03,
make $3250 in interest in 6 months.
which corresponds to 3%.
kT
51. Use the formula P =
with T = 300K, P = 1 atm., and V = 4 ml to obtain
V
PV (1 atm ) (4)
4
4 275 11
k=
=
=
. Thus, P =
or 0.92 atm .
=
300
300
T
300 4 12
kT
52. Use the formula P =
with T = 300K, P = 1 atm., and V = 4 ml to obtain
V
PV (1 atm ) (4)
4
4 300 4
k=
=
=
. Thus, P =
or 1.33 atm .
=
300
300
T
300 3 3
54. y varies directly with the square of x
53. Should be y is inversely proportional
to x.
( x 2 ), NOT the square root ( x ).
299
Chapter 3
56. False. Since d = rt , it follows that

d
r = . So, r is directly proportional to d,
t
but inversely proportional to t.
57. b
58. a
2
2 7 6 116
59. Use the equation p1 = Cn k L with the following information (all converted to
1
55. True. A = bh , so area is directly
2
proportional to both base and height.
meters):
Cn2 = 1.0 1013 , L = 2000m, = 1.55 106 m (so that k =
Substituting this information into the equation yields :
7.1 = (1.0 10
2
), and p21 = 7.1 .
1.55 106 m
6
) 1.55 106 2000116
7
13
so that
7.1
(1.0 10
6
) 1.55 106 2000116
7
13
Thus, the equation is given by p21 = 1.23Cn2 k 6 L

7
60. Use the equation s2p = Cn2 k 6 L

7
11
11
1.23 .
with the following information (all converted to
meters):
Cn2 = 1.0 1013 , L = 2000m, = 1.55 106 m (so that k =
Substituting this information into the equation yields :
2.3 = (1.0 10
2
), and s2p = 2.3 .
6
1.55 10 m
6
) 1.552106 2000116
7
13
so that
2.3
(1.0 10
6
2
) 1.55 106 2000116

7
13
Thus, the equation is given by s2p = 0.399Cn2 k 6 L

7
300
11
0.399 .
Section 3.6
61. (a) The least squares regression line is y = 2.93x + 201.72 , and is plotted as seen
below:
(b) The variation constant is 120.07 and the equation of the direct variation is
y = 120.074 x 0.259 .
(c) When the oil price is $72.70 per barrel in September 2006, the predicted stock index
obtained from the least squares regression line is 415, and the value from the equation of
direct variation is 364. In this case, the least squares regression line provides a closer
approximation to the actual value, 417.
301
Chapter 3
62. (a) The least squares regression line is y = 0.04 x + 6.08 .

The following is the sequence of commands, and screen captures, to use on the TI-8*.
Then, the graph of the least squares regression line, with the scatterplot, is given by:
(b) The variation constant is 11.53 and the equation of the inverse variation is
11.53
y = 0.27 . The following is the sequence of commands, and screen captures, to use on
x
the TI-8*.
(c) When oil price is $72.70 per barrel in September 2006, the predicted 5-year maturity
rate obtained from the least squares regression line is 3.25, and the equation of inverse
variation is 3.61. The equation of the inverse variation provides a closer approximation
to the actual value, 5.02. Here are the corresponding screen captures from the TI-8*.
302
Section 3.6
63. (a) The least squares regression line is y = 141.73x + 2, 419.35 . The following is
the sequence of commands, and screen captures, to use on the TI-8*.
(b) The variation constant is 3,217.69 and the equation of the inverse variation is
3217.69
. The following is the sequence of commands, and screen captures, to use
y=
x 0.41
on the TI-8*.
The graph of the curve of inverse variation,with the scatter plot, is given by:
Continued onto the next page

303
Chapter 3
(c) When the 5-year maturity rate is 5.02% in September 2006, the predicted number of
housing units obtained from the least squares regression line is 1708, and the equation of
inverse variation is 1661. The equation of the least squares regression line provides a
closer approximation to the actual value, 1861. The picture of the least squares line,with
the scatter plot, as well as the computations using the TI-8* are as follows:
304
Section 3.6
64. (a) The least squares regression line is y = 0.15 x + 22.60 . The following is the
sequence of commands, and screen captures, to use on the TI-8*.
(b) The variation constant is 0.32 and the equation of the inverse variation is
y = 0.32 x 0.91 .
Then, the graph of the curve of inverse variation, with the scatterplot, is given by:
Continued onto the next page
305
Chapter 3
(c) There are 1861 housing units in September 2006. The predicted utilities stock index
obtained from the least squares regression line is 307, and the equation of direct
variation is 304. The equation of the least squares regression line provides a closer
approximation to the actual value, 417. The screen captures from the TI-8* are as
follows:
1861 X
1861.000
Y1
308.186
Y2
303.583
66. (a) The variation constant is 0.346,
65. (a) The equation is approximately
and the equation is approximately
y = 0.218 x + 0.898
y = 1.163x 0.346 .
(b) About $2.427 per gallon. Yes, it is
very close to the actual price at $2.425 per (b) About $2.283 per gallon. No, it is
very close to the actual price at $2.425 per
gallon.
gallon.
(c) $3.083
(c) $2.583
Chapter 3 Review Solutions ----------------------------------------------------------------------2. No, since 3 is assigned

3. Yes
1. Yes
to two different values.
5. No, since both (0, 6) and
(0, 6) satisfy the equation, 6. No, since the graph fails
4. Yes
the vertical line test.
so that the graph fails the
vertical line test.
9. No, since the
7. Yes
8. Yes
10. Yes
graph fails the
vertical line test.
11. (a) 2
12. (a) 0
(b) 4
(b) 4
(c) when x = 3, 4
(c) when x 2,3.2
13. (a) 0
14. (a) 7
(b) 2
(b) 1.5
(c) when x 5, 2
(c) never
15. f (3) = 4(3) 7 = 5
16. F (4) = 42 + 4(4) 3 = 29
306
Chapter 3 Review
17.
f (7) g (3) = ( 4(7) 7 ) 32 + 2(3) + 4
18.
= 35 19 = 665
F (0)
3
=
g (0)
4
19.
f (2) F (2) ( 4(2) 7 ) ( 2 + 4(2) 3)

=
20. f (3 + h) = 4(3 + h) 7 = 5 + 4h
g (0)
4
1 9
= 2
4
21.
f (3 + h) f (3) ( 4(3 + h) 7 ) ( 4(3) 7 )
=
h
h
5 + 4h 5
=
= 4
h
22.
2
2
F (t + h) F (t ) ( (t + h) + 4(t + h) 3) ( t + 4t 3)
=
h
h
2
2
t + 2ht + h + 4t + 4h 3 t 2 4t + 3
=
h
2
2ht + h + 4h h ( 2t + h + 4 )
=
=
= 2t + h + 4
h
h
23. ( , )
24. ( , )
25. ( , 4 ) ( 4, )
2
26.
27. We need x 4 0 , so
the domain is [ 4, ) .
( , )
28. We need 2 x 6 > 0 , so

the domain is ( 3, ) .
D
for D: 2 = D9 , so that D = 18 .
5 16
30. There are many such functions. The most natural one to construct has the form
D
f ( x) =
. Since ( 0, 4 ) is to lie on the graph of f, we substitute this point
( x + 3)( x 2)
into the equation for the function to find the corresponding value of D that will ensure
D
D
this: 4 =
=
, so that D = 24 . Hence, one such function is given by:
(0 + 3)(0 2) 6
24
.
f ( x) =
( x + 3)( x 2)
29. Solve 2 = f (5) =
307
Chapter 3
31.
f ( x) = 2( x) 7 = (2 x + 7) f ( x)
So, not even.
f ( x) = ( (2 x + 7) ) = 2 x + 7 f ( x)
So, not odd.
Thus, neither.
33.
h( x) = ( x)3 7( x) = ( x 3 7 x ) h( x)
So, not even.

h( x ) = ( x 3 7 x ) = x 3 7 x = h( x )
32.
g ( x) = 7( x)5 + 4( x)3 2( x)
= ( 7 x5 + 4 x3 2 x ) g ( x)
So, not even.
g ( x) = ( 7 x5 + 4 x3 2 x )
= 7 x5 + 4 x3 2 x = g ( x)
So, odd.
34.
f ( x) = ( x) 4 + 3( x) 2 = x 4 + 3 x 2 = f ( x)
So, even.
Hence, cannot be odd.
So, odd.
35.
1
1
f ( x) = ( x ) 4 + ( x) = ( x) 4 x f ( x)
So, not even.
1
1
f ( x) = x 4 x = x 4 + x f ( x)
36.
f ( x) = x + 4 f ( x)
So, not even.
f ( x) = x + 4 f ( x)
So, not odd.
Thus, neither.
So, not odd.

Thus, neither.
37.
38.
1
1
f ( x) =
+ 3( x) = 3 + 3 x f ( x) f ( x) = 1 + 3( x) 4 + x = f ( x)
( x)3
x
( x) 2
So, not even.
So, even.
1
1
f ( x) = 3 + 3 x = 3 + 3 x = f ( x) Hence, f cannot be odd.
x
x
So, odd.
39.
40.
Domain
[ 4, 7]
Domain
( , 3) ( 3, )
Range
[ 2, 4]
Range
( , 2 ) ( 3, )
Increasing
( 3, 7 )
nowhere
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
( 0,3)
( 4, 0 )
308
Decreasing
( , 3) ( 3, )
Constant
nowhere
Chapter 3 Review
( 4 2 ) ( 4 0 ) = 2
41.
42.
43. Domain: ( , ) Range: ( 0, )
44. Domain: ( , ) Range: [ 3, )
Notes on the graph: There is an open hole

at (0,0), and a closed hole at (0,2).
Notes on the graph: There are open holes

at (0,4) and (1,5), and closed holes at (1,4)
and (0, 3) .
45. Domain: ( , ) Range: [ 1, )
Notes on the graph: There is an open hole

at (1,3), and a closed hole at (1, 1) .
47. Let x = number of 30-minute periods.
x 2,
25,
.
25 + 10.50( x 2), x > 2
Then, C ( x ) =
2(5) 1 2(1) 1
5 1
9 1
= 2
4
46. Domain: ( , 0 ) ( 0, )
Range: ( , 2] ( 0, )
Notes on the graph: There are open holes

at (0,0) and (1,1), and a closed hole at
(1, 2) .
48. Let x = number of hours worked.
Then, the weekly earnings are described by
30 x,
x 40
1200 + 45( x 40) , x > 40

E ( x) =

Amount of overtime
at time and a half.
309
Chapter 3
49. Reflect the graph of x 2 over x-axis,

then shift right 2 units and then up 4 units.
50. First, note that

x + 5 7 = ( x 5) 7 = x 5 7
So, shift the graph of x right 5 units and

then down 7 units.

and then up 2 units.
x right 3 units,

then down 4 units.
310
1
x
right 2 units, and
Chapter 3 Review
53. Reflect the graph of x 3 over x-axis, and

then contract vertically by a factor of 2.
54. Expand the graph of x 2 vertically by a

factor of 2, and then shift up 3 units.
55.
56.
311
Chapter 3
57.
58.
59. y = x + 3 Domain: [ 3, )
60. y = x 4 Domain: [ 0, )
61. y = x 2 + 3 Domain: [ 2, )
62. y = x
63. y = 5 x 6 Domain: [ 0, )
64. y =
65. y = ( x 2 + 4 x + 4 ) 8 4 = ( x + 2 ) 12
1
2
( , 0]
Domain: [ 0, )
Domain:
x +3
Domain: \ or ( , )
66.
y = 2 ( x 2 + 3 x ) 5 = 2 ( x 2 + 3 x + 94 ) 5 92
= 2 ( x + 32 ) 192
2
Domain: \ or ( , )
312
Chapter 3 Review
68.
g ( x ) + h( x ) = ( 2 x + 3 ) + ( x 2 + 6 ) = x 2 + 2 x + 9
67.
g ( x) + h( x) = ( 3 x 4 ) + ( x 3) = 2 x 7
g ( x) h( x) = ( 3 x 4 ) ( x 3) = 4 x 1
g ( x ) h( x ) = ( 2 x + 3 ) ( x 2 + 6 ) = x 2 + 2 x 3
g ( x ) h( x ) = ( 2 x + 3 ) ( x 2 + 6 )
g ( x) h( x) = ( 3 x 4 ) ( x 3) = 3 x 2 + 5 x + 12
g ( x ) 3 x 4
=
h( x )
x 3
Domains:
dom( g + h)
dom( g h) = ( , )
dom( gh)
g
dom = ( ,3) ( 3, )
h
69.
= 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 12 x + 18
g ( x) 2 x + 3
=
h( x ) x 2 + 6
Domains:
dom( g + h)
dom( g h)
dom( gh) = ( , )
g
dom
h
g ( x ) + h( x ) =
1
x2
+ x
Domains:
g ( x ) h( x ) =
1
x2
dom( g + h)
dom( g h)
dom( gh) = ( 0, )
g
dom
h
g ( x ) h( x ) =
g ( x)
=
h( x )
1
x2
1
x2
x=
1
5
x2
70.
g ( x ) + h( x ) =
x+3
3x 1
+
2 ( x 2) x 2
( x + 3) + 2 ( 3x 1)
( 2x 4)
7x +1
2 ( x 2)
x+3
3x 1
g ( x ) h( x ) =
2 ( x 2) x 2
=
( x + 3) 2 ( 3x 1)
( 2x 4)
5 x + 5
2 ( x 2)
g ( x ) h( x ) =
x + 3 3x 1 ( x + 3) ( 3 x 1)
=
2
2 ( x 2) x 2
2 ( x 2)
x+3
g ( x) 2 ( x 2 )
x+3
x2
x+3
=
=
=
3
x
1
h( x )
2 ( x 2 ) 3x 1 2(3x 1)
x2
Domains:
dom( g + h)
dom( g h) = ( , 2 ) ( 2, )
dom( gh)
f
dom = ( , 13 ) ( 13 , 2 ) ( 2, )
g
313
Chapter 3
Domains:
Must have both x 4 0 and 2 x + 1 0 .
So,
dom( f + g )
dom( f g ) = [ 4, ) .
dom( fg )
For the quotient, must have both
x 4 0 and 2 x + 1 > 0 . So,
f
dom = [ 4, ) .
g
71.
g ( x ) + h( x ) = x 4 + 2 x + 1
g ( x ) h( x ) = x 4 2 x + 1
g ( x ) h( x ) = x 4 2 x + 1
g ( x)
x4
=
h( x )
2x +1
72.
g ( x ) + h( x ) = ( x 2 4 ) + ( x + 2 ) = x 2 + x 2
g ( x ) h( x ) = ( x 2 4 ) ( x + 2 ) = x 2 x 6
g ( x ) h( x ) = ( x 2 4 ) ( x + 2 )
= x3 + 2 x 2 4 x 8
g ( x) x 2 4
=
= x 2, x 2
h( x ) x + 2
73.
Domains:
dom( g + h)
dom( g h) = ( , )
dom( gh)
g
dom = ( , 2 ) ( 2, )
h
74.
3
( f D g )( x) = ( x + 3) + 2 ( x + 3) 1
( f D g )( x) = 3 ( 2 x + 1) 4 = 6 x 1
= x 3 + 9 x 2 + 29 x + 3
( g D f )( x) = 2 ( 3 x 4 ) + 1 = 6 x 7
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , ) = dom( g D f )
( g D f )( x) = ( x3 + 2 x 1) + 3 = x 3 + 2 x + 2
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , ) = dom( g D f )
314
Chapter 3 Review
76.
75.
2
( f D g )( x) = 2
2
1
1 + 3(4 x)
+3
4 x
4 x
2(4 x) 8 2 x
=
=
13 3x 13 3x
x+3
1
1
( g D f )( x) =
=
=
2
4( x + 3) 2 4 x + 10
4
x+3
x+3
( f D g )( x) =
Domains:
dom( f D g ) = ( , 4 ) ( 4, 133 ) ( 133 , )
dom( g D f ) = ( , 3) ( 3,
5
2
) (
5
2
x+6
5 = 2( x + 6) 5
= 2x + 7
( g D f )( x) =
2 x2 5 + 6
Domains:
dom( f D g ) : Need both x + 6 0 and
2 x + 7 0 . Thus, dom( f D g ) = 72 , ) .
, )
dom( g D f ) : Note 2 x 2 5 + 6 0 , for
all values of x for which 2 x 2 5 is

defined. This is true when 2 x 2 5 0 .
So, solving this inequality yields:
2 x2 5 0
x 2 52 0
( x )( x + ) 0
5
2
CPs:
5
2
5
2
+G
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
|
|
5
2
5
2
So, dom( g D f ) = ,
315
5
2
)(
5
2
, .
Chapter 3
78.
1
= x2 4
1
2
x 4
1
1
=1
( g D f )( x) =
2
1
4 x 4
x
( f D g )( x) =
77.
( f D g )( x) = x 2 4 5 = ( x 3)( x + 3)
( g D f )( x) =
x 5
( )
4 = x9
Domains:
dom( f D g ) : Need ( x 3)( x + 3) 0 .
CPs: 3
+G
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
|
|
3
3
1
1 4 x
x
x
1 4x
Domains:
dom( f D g ) : Need ( x 2)( x + 2) > 0 .
So, dom( g D f ) = ( , 3] [3, ) .
CPs: 2
dom( g D f ) : Need x 5 0 . Thus,
+G
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
|
|
2
2
So, dom( g D f ) = ( , 2 ) ( 2, ) .
dom( g D f ) = [5, ) .
dom( g D f ) : Need 1 4 x 0 , so that
x 14 . So,
dom( g D f ) = ( , 0 ) ( 0, 14 ) ( 14 , ) .
79.
g (3) = 6(3) 3 = 15
f ( g (3)) = f (15) = 4(15) 2 3(15) + 2 = 857
f (1) = 4(1) 2 3(1) + 2 = 9
g ( f (1)) = g (9) = 6(9) 3 = 51
81.
f (1) = 4 (1) = 5
g ( f (1)) = g
( 5) = ( 5)
+ 5 = 10
82.
g (3) = 5(3) + 2 = 17
g (3) = 32 1 = 8
17
17
=
2(17) 3 31
1
1
f (1) =
=
2(1) 3
5
f ( g (3)) = f (17) =
1
g ( f (1)) = g =
5
80.
g (3) = 32 + 5 = 14, but f ( g (3)) = f (14)
is not defined.
1
1
=
8 1 7
1
1
f (1) =
=
1 1
2
2
3
1 1
g ( f (1)) = g = 1 =
4
2 2
f ( g (3)) = f (8) =
1
5 + 2 = 1
5
316
Chapter 3 Review
83.
f ( g (3)) =
3 4
) (
2
3 4 + 10
84. f ( g (3)) is undefined since g (3) is

not defined.
4
1
g ( f (1)) = g
= g (4) = 7
2
(1) 2
= (1) 2 (1) + 10 = 12
g ( f (1)) = g (1) 2 + 1 + 10
= 3 12 4 = 2
x
, g ( x) = 3 x .
1 x
Then, h( x) = f ( g ( x)) .
85. Let f ( x) = 3 x 2 + 4 x + 7, g ( x) = x 2 .
Then, h( x) = f ( g ( x)) .
86. Let f ( x) =
1
, g ( x) = x 2 + 7 .
x
Then, h( x) = f ( g ( x)) .
88. Let f ( x) = x , g ( x) = 3 x + 4 .
87. Let f ( x) =
Then, h( x) = f ( g ( x)) .
90. Since 42 = lw, l = 42w . So, the
perimeter formula becomes:
84 + 2 w2
36 = 2l + 2 w = 2 ( 42w ) + 2 w =
w
so that
2w2 36 w + 84 = 0
w2 18w + 42 = 0
92. No, since Bill and Maria both
received an A.
89. The area of a circle with radius r (t ) is

given by:
A(t ) = ( r (t ) ) = 25 t + 2
2
= 625 (t + 2) in 2
91. Yes
93. No, since both (2,3) and (3,3) lie on the
graph of the function.
95. Yes
97. Yes
317
94. No, since 3 and 3 both map to 9.

96. Yes
98. No, since both (1,1) and
(1,1) satisfy the equation.
Chapter 3
100. Not one-to-one, since

f (1) = f (1) = 1 , for instance.
99. One-to-one
101.
x4
f ( f 1 ( x) ) = 3
+4 = x4+4 = x
3
318
Chapter 3 Review
102.
f ( f 1 ( x) ) =
1
1
=
+
1
7
x
1+ 7x
7
4
7
x
4x
1
1
=
=
= x
1
1
+77
x
x
103.
f ( f 1 ( x) ) =
(x
4) + 4 = x2 = x ,
since x 0 .
104.
7 x + 2 + 2( x 1)
7x + 2
+2
x 1
=
f ( f 1 ( x) ) = x 1
7 x + 2 7( x 1)
7x + 2
7
x 1
x 1
7x + 2 + 2x 2
9x
=
= x
=
9
7x + 2 7x + 7
319
Chapter 3
105. Solve y = 2 x + 1 for x:

x = 12 ( y 1)
x 1
.
2
106. Solve y = x 5 + 2 for x:
Thus, f 1 ( x) =
( x 1) =
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )
x=
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
1
2
y2
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 5 x 2 .
107. Solve y = x + 4 for x:
x = y2 4
Thus, f 1 ( x) = x 2 4 .
108. Solve y = ( x + 4) 2 + 3 for x:
y 3 = x + 4
4 + y 3 = x
1
Thus, f ( x) = 4 + x 3 .
109. Solve y = xx++63 for x:
( x + 3) y = x + 6
xy + 3 y = x + 6
xy x = 6 3 y
x( y 1) = 6 3 y
x = 6y31y
Thus, f 1 ( x) =
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
6 3 x
x 1
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [ 4, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [ 0, )
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [ 4, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [3, )
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , 3) ( 3, )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( ,1) (1, )
110. Solve y = 2 3 x 5 8 for x:

y +8 = 2 3 x5
( 12 ( y + 8) ) = x 5
3
5 + ( 12 ( y + 8) ) = x
3
Thus, f 1 ( x) = 5 + ( 12 ( x + 8) ) .
3
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( , )
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , )
111. Let x = total dollars worth of products sold. Then, S ( x) = 22, 000 + 0.08 x .
1
Solving y = 22, 000 + 0.08 x for x yields: x = 0.08
( y 22, 000 )
22,000
Thus, S 1 ( x) = x 0.08
. This inverse function tells you the sales required to earn a
desired income.
320
Chapter 3 Review
112. V ( s ) = 3s 2 , s 0 . Solving y = 3s 2 for s yields: s =
So, V 1 ( s ) =
1
3
1
3
y.
s . This inverse function tells you the length s of a side of a base
required to get a desired volume.

113. The general equation is C = kr .
Using the fact that C = k (1) = 2 , we see
114. The general equation is V = klw .

Using the fact that V = k (2)(6) = 12h, we
that k = 2 . So, C = 2 r .
see that k = h . So, V = lwh .
115. The general equation is A = kr 2 .

Using the fact that A = k 52 = 25 , we see
that k = . So, A = r 2 .
k
.
L
Using the fact that

F=
(10 m )(10 m )
6
= 20
we see that k = 50 . So, F =
.
50 L
117. Assume that W = kH . We need to determine k. Using Coles data, we see that
229.50 = 27k , so that k = 8.5 . So, W = 8.5H . (Note that Dicksons data also satisfies
this equation.)
118.
3.50
= 0.07 T ( P) = 0.07 P
County A:
50
3.50
= 0.07 T ( P) = 0.08P
County B:
50
120. The graph of f is as follows:
119. The graph of f is as follows:
Domain of f:
( , 1) ( 3, )
Domain of f:
321
( , 3) ( 3,3) ( 3, )
Chapter 3
121.
Domain
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
( , 2 ) ( 2, )
{1, 0,1} ( 2, )
( 2, )
( , 1)
( 1, 2 )
Note on the graph: The vertical line at

x = 1 should NOT be a part of the graph.
122.
Decreasing
( , 2 ) ( 2, )
[0,3) ( 4, )
( 1, 0 ) (1, 2 ) ( 2, )
( 2, 1) ( 0,1)
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
322
Chapter 3 Review
123. The graphs of f and g are as follows:
The graph of f can be obtained by shifting

the graph of g two units to the left. That
is, f ( x) = g ( x + 2) .
124. The graphs of f and g are as follows:
The graph of f can be obtained by shifting

the graph of g one unit to the right and
then reflecting it over the x-axis. That is,
f ( x) = g ( x 1) .
125.
y1 = 2 x + 3
y2 = 4 x
y3 =
y1
y2
Domain of y3 = [ 1.5, 4 )
323
Chapter 3
126.
y1 = x 2 4
y2 = x2 5
y3 = ( y1) 2 5
Domain of y3 = ( , 2] [ 2, )
127. Yes, the function is one-to-one.
128. Yes, the functions are inverses.
129. (a) The line is approximately given

by y = 64.03 + 127.06 .
(b) No, it is not close to the actual price of
$517.20.
(c) $767.40
130. (a) The variation constant is

approximately 0.464 and the equation is
y = 215.35 x 0.464 .
(b) Yes, it is not close to the actual price
of $517.20.
(c) $626.45
Chapter 3 Practice Test Solutions----------------------------------------------------------------1. b (Not one-to-one since both (0,3) and 2. a (Doesnt pass the vertical line test.)
(3,3) lie on the graph.)
4. Observe that
3. c
f (11) = 11 2 = 9 = 3
g (1) = (1) 2 + 11 = 12
So, f (11) 2 g (1) = 3 2(12) = 21 .
324
Chapter 3 Practice Test
f
x2
5. ( x) = 2
x + 11
g
7.
g ( f ( x)) =
x2
Domain: [2, )
+ 11 = x 2 + 11 = x + 9
g
x 2 + 11
6. ( x) =
Domain: (2, )
x2
f
8.
( f + g )(6) = f (6) + g (6)
= 6 2 + ( 62 + 11) = 2 + 47 = 49
Domain: ( 2, )
9.
( ( 7 )) = f ( 7 ) + 11 = f (18)
10. f ( x) = x ( x) 2 = x x 2 = f ( x)
So, even. Therefore, f cannot be odd.
f g
= 18 2 = 4
12. f ( x) = 2x = 2x = f ( x)
So, odd.
Therefore, f cannot be even.
11.
f ( x) = 9( x)3 + 5( x) 3
= 9 x 3 + 5 x + 3 f ( x)
So, not even.
f ( x) = 9 x3 + 5 x + 3
= 9 x3 + 5 x + 3 f ( x)
13. f ( x) = x 3 + 2
Reflect the graph of x over the x-axis,

then shift right 3 units, and then up 2 units.
Domain: [3, ) Range: ( , 2]
14. f ( x) = 2( x 1) 2
Reflect the graph of x 2 over the x-axis,
then expand vertically by a factor of 2,
and then shift right 1 unit.
Domain: ( , ) Range: ( , 0]
325
Chapter 3
x, x < 1
15. f ( x) = 1, 1 < x < 2

x2 , x 2
Domain: ( , 1) ( 1, )
Range: [1, )
Open holes at (-1,1) and (2,1); closed hole
at (2,4)
16. (a) 5
(b) 2
(e) when x = 7
(d) when x = 1,1,5.5
(c) 7
17.
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) when x = 3, 2
19.
3( x + h) 2 4( x + h) + 1 3x 2 4 x + 1
) (
18.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
) = 3x
3
never
1
2
+ 6 xh + 3h 2 4 x 4h + 1 3x 2 + 4 x 1
h
h
h ( 6 x + 3h 4 )
=
= 6 x + 3h 4
h
( 5 7( x + h) ) ( 5 7 x ) = 5 7 x 7h 5 + 7 x = 7h = 7
20.
h
h
h
21.
22.
10 1 2 1 3 1 1
( 64 16(2)2 ) ( 64 16(0)2 ) = 0 64 = 32
=
=
10 2
8
4
2
2
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [5, )
y2 = x 5
2
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [ 0, )
y2 + 5 = x
Thus, f 1 ( x) = x 2 + 5 .
24. Solve y = x 2 + 5 for x:
Domains:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = [ 0, )
y = x2 + 5
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = [5, )
y 5 = x, since x 0.
Thus, f 1 ( x) = x 5 .
326
Chapter 3 Practice Test
Domains:
2x +1
for x:
dom ( f ) = rng ( f 1 ) = ( ,5 ) ( 5, )
5 x
(5 x ) y = 2x + 1
rng ( f ) = dom ( f 1 ) = ( , 2 ) ( 2, )
5 y xy = 2 x + 1
5 y 1 = x( y + 2)
5 y 1
x=
y+2
5x 1
Thus, f 1 ( x) =
.
x+2
26. We compute the inverse of f piecewise:
For x 0 : Solve y = x for x: x = y . So, f 1 ( x) = x on ( , 0] .
25. Solve y =
For x > 0 : Solve y = x 2 ( 0 ) for x: x = y . So, f 1 ( x) = x on ( 0, ) .

Thus, the inverse function is given by
x, x 0
f 1 ( x) =
x , x < 0
27. Can restrict to [ 0, ) so that f will have an inverse. Also, one could restrict to any
interval of the form [ a, ) or ( , a ] , where a is a positive real number, to ensure f is

one-to-one.
28. The point (5, 2) (switch x and y coordinates to get a point on the inverse.)
29. Let x = original price of a suit. Then, the sale price is x 0.40 x = 0.60 x . Hence,
the checkout price is S ( x) = 0.60 x 0.30(0.60 x) = 0.42 x .
30. Recall F = 95 C + 32 is the relationship between degrees Fahrenheit and degrees
Celsius. If K = C + 273.15 , then C = K 273.15 . Then, the composition function
F (C ( K )) gives the relationship between Kelvin and degrees Fahrenheit. The
composition is: F (C ( K )) = 95 ( K 273.15 ) + 32 = 95 K 459.67
31. Consider f ( x) = 1 x 2 , 1 x 0 . (The graph of f is the quarter unit circle in
the third quadrant.) To find its inverse, solve y = 1 x 2 for x:

y = 1 x2
( y)
= 1 x2
x2 = 1 y 2
x = 1 y 2 since 1 x 0
So, f 1 ( x) = 1 x 2 (The graph looks identical to that of f.)
327
Chapter 3
32. Solve r (t ) = 15 (At this point, the

puddle just touches the sidelines.)
10 t = 15
33. Let x = number of minutes.

Then,
15,
0 x 30
15 + 1( x 30) , x > 30
C ( x) =

Amount for minutes
beyond
the initial 30.
15, 0 x 30
=
x 15, x > 30
t = 1.5
t = (1.5) 2 = 2.25
So, after 2.25 hours, the puddle will reach
the sidelines.
34. The general equation is y = kx 2 . Using

the fact that y = k (5) 2 = 8 , we see that
k=
8
25
. So, y =
8
25
Range
Increasing
Decreasing
Constant
km
.
P
k (2)
= 20 , we
3
30m
see that k = 20 ( 32 ) = 30 . So, F =
.
P
Using the fact that F =
x2
36.
Domain
[ 4, 2 ) ( 2, 4]
[0,5]
( 1,1) ( 3, 4 )
( 2, 1) (1,3)
( 4, 2 )
37. Yes, the function is one-to-one.
328
Chapter 3 Cumulative Review
Chapter 3 Cumulative Review -------------------------------------------------------------------1.
2.
2
2
3+ 5 6+ 2 5 3+ 5
=
=
=
4
2
3 5 3 5 3+ 5
3.
x 3 4 x x( x 2) ( x + 2)
=
= x( x 2)
x+2
x+2
Domain: ( , 2 ) ( 2, )
10 x 2 29 x 21 = (5 x + 3)(2 x 7)
4.
1
6
x = 15 x + 11
5 x = 6 x + 330
11x = 330
x = 30
5. (8 9i )(8 + 9i ) = 64 + 81 = 145 + 0i
6.
5
10
10 = , x 0
x
3x
15 30 x = 10
5 = 30 x
x=
7. Since
is 40%.
35.70
59.50
= 0.60 , the percent markdown
8.
1
6
x(6 x + 1) = 12
6 x 2 + x 12 = 0
(3x 4)(2 x + 3) = 0
x = 43 , 32
10.
9.
2
1
x
x=
2
5
2
5 x 10 x = 2
5 x2 2 x
x + 2 = (3)3 = 27
x = 29
2=0
5 x2 2x + 1 2 5 = 0
Check:
5( x 1) 2 = 7
( x 1) 2 =
7
5
x = 1
x + 2 = 3
7
5
= 1
35
5
329
29 + 2 = 3 27 = 3 .
Chapter 3
11.
12.
7 < 3 2 x 5
x x 12 = 0
4
10 < 2 x 2
Let u = x 2 .
5 > x 1
u 2 u 12 = 0
(u 4)(u + 3) = 0
u = 3, 4
So, we have:
[ 1,5)
x 2 = 3 x = i 3
x 2 = 4 x = 2
13.
14.
x
<0
x5
CPs: x = 0,5
+G
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
|
|
0
1.3 2.7 3.2 x 1.3

4 3.2 x 1.4
4
1.4
x
3.2
3.2
N
N
=1.25
So, the solution set is ( 0,5 ) .
[0.4375, 1.25]
15.
16.
d=
( 5.2 (2.7) ) + ( 6.3 (1.4) )

2
= 0.4375
m=
= (7.9) 2 + (7.7) 2 11.03
4.3 (1.4) 5.7

=
= 2.375
2.7 0.3
2.4
2.7 + 5.2 1.4 + 6.3

,
M =
= (1.25, 2.45 )
2
2
17. Since m = 0 , the line is horizontal. Hence, its equation is y = 3 .

18.
x 2 + y 2 + 12 x 18 y 4 = 0
(x
+ 12 x + 36 ) + ( y 2 18 y + 81) = 4 + 36 + 81
( x + 6) 2 + ( y 9) 2 = 121
So, the center is (6,9) and the radius is 11.
19. Since the center is (2, 1) , the general equation is ( x (2)) 2 + ( y (1)) 2 = r 2 .
Now, use the fact that (4,3) lies on the circle to find r 2 . Indeed, observe that
(4 (2)) 2 + (3 (1))2 = 20 = r 2 .
So, the equation is ( x + 2) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = 20 .
330
Chapter 3 Cumulative Review
20. We place the tower at the origin, and

compute the distance between (0,0) and
(85,23). Observe that
21.
852 + 232 88.06 < 100 .

So, you can use the cell phone here.
5(4) 2 5(2) 2 80 20
22.
=
= 30
42
2
( ,1) (1, )
23.
g ( f (1)) = g ( 6 (1) ) = 7 2 3 = 46
24. y = x 2 + 3, x 0
To find the inverse, switch the x and y and
solve for y:
x = y2 + 3
x 3 = y2
y = x 3, x 3
Since the domain of the original function is
x 0 , we use the positive root. So,
f 1 ( x) = x 3 .
25. The general equation is r =
So, r =
k
k
. Using the fact that r = = 45 , we see that k = 135 .
t
3
135
.
t
26.
Decreasing
[ 1,1) (1,3]
[0,1]
( 1, 0 ) (1, 2 )
( 0,1) ( 2,3)
Constant
nowhere
Domain
Range
Increasing
Note on the graph: There should be an

open hole at x = 1 .
331
Chapter 3
27. Let f ( x) = x 2 3x, g ( x) = x 2 + x 2 .

Observe that
2
g (h( x)) = ( h( x) ) + ( h( x) ) 2 = x 2 3x
implies that
h( x ) = x 2 .
332

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CHAPTER 3

Section 3.1 Solutions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Function

15. Not a function

graph, it does not pass the vertical line test.

37. For all x in the interval [4, 4]

38. For all x in the set [4, 0) [4]

44. F (1) = 4 (1) 2 = 3

61. It follows directly from the

62. It follows directly from the

67. The domain is \ .

68. The domain is \ .

69. The domain is the set of all real

70. The domain is the set of all real

71. The domain is the set of all real

72. The domain is the set of all real

76. The domain is the set of all real

77. The domain is the set of all real

78. The domain is the set of all real

79. The domain is the set of all real

80. The domain is the set of all real

This is written using interval notation as

This is written using interval notation as

81. The domain is the set of all real

82. The domain is the set of all real

83. Since 1 2x can be any real number,

84. Since 7 5x can be any real number,

85. The only restriction is that x + 4 0 ,

86. The only restriction is that

87. The domain is the set of all real

88. The domain is the set of all real

This is written using interval notation as

89. The domain is the set of all real

90. Since t 2 + 9 > 0 , for all real numbers t,

This is written using interval notation as

92. There is no restriction on x. So, the

This is written using interval notation as

93. The function can be written as

95. The domain of any linear function is

94. The function can be written as

set of real numbers x such that

101. Let x = number of people

102. Let x = number of minutes of a

103. Assume: 6am corresponds to x = 6

104. h(14) = 16(4) 2 + 128(4) = 256 ft

Then, the temperature at 6am is:

The domain is [ 0, ) since we are starting

400, 000 100x is non-negative wherever it is defined, the lowest price

400, 000 100 x = 0 . This happens when

must occur when

107. Start with a square piece of

Upon bending all four corners up, a box of

110. (2000, 5.45), (2002, 1.73),

118. There are two mistakes.

120. f (1) = 1 means the

119. G (1 + h) G (1) + G (h) , in

122. False. Consider the function

121. False. Consider the function

f ( x) = 9 x 2 on its domain [ 3,3] . The

124. True. The graph of the circle

f (1) = A(1) 2 3(1) = 1

The time of day when it is warmest is

So, the domain is ( , a ] [ a, ) .

The firecracker is airborne for 8 seconds