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schools use them as uniform, but this only occurs at private schools. However,
English and occasional American boys at the Scottish private schools do not like
kilt uniform. Even, some of them had never heard of a kilt before enrolling at
schools. Some schools in Ireland also adopted the kilt as a school uniform, but not
as commonly as in Scotland.
Kilts are also still worn at Scottish events around the world. All people
attending the events wear kilts. The example of the events is Dunedin Summer
Dance, held in Edinburg, south-east Scotland. While the kilt is a popular feature at
Scottish Highland gatherings, it is rarely seen at Irish events. At Irish events, only
the pipers and dancers wear kilt. The dancers only put on their kilt costumes to
perform and then take them off immediately after their last performance.
The other occasion in which kilts are worn is the wedding ceremony. The
groom, attendants and guests wear kilts as formal dress at Scottish weddings. Ring
bearers in Scotland and England also sometimes wear kilts. Normally, they are
combined with black jackets.
(Taken from Headlight 2)
A. Vocabulary
1. Alter (v)
8. Offence (n)
2. Bearer (n)
9. Rebellion (n)
3. Clan (n)
4. Enroll (v)
5. Exile (n)
6. Imprisonment (n)
7. Kilt (n)
shape
age
color
nationality
material
Descriptive Adjectives
General
Specific
Size
Lovely
Comfortable
Big
Shape
Age
Nationality
Material
Wooden
Expensive
New
Large
Color
Noun
Black
German
Round
Chair
Car
Metal
table
When you use a noun in front of another noun, you never put adjectives between
them. You put adjectives in front of the first noun.
e.g. He works in the Indian film industry.
Put the words in good order.
1. John bought a (wooden round large) table.
2. Diana is looking for the (ugly blue nasty Chinese) vase.
3. I hate hearing the (Irish old) song.
4. The scientists found the (Egyptian valuable ancient) manuscript.
5. My mother likes to wear the (golden beautiful new) necklace.
D. Answer key
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Vocabulary
1. Alter (v): mengubah,
berubah. To become
different; to make
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reading text
A. Vocabulary
1.
Abate (v)
7.
Inhabitant (n)
2.
Accompany (v)
8.
Massive (adj)
3.
Aristocracy (n)
9.
Munitions (n)
4.
Attribute (v)
10.
Prevalent (adj)
5.
Crown (v)
11.
Refinement (n)
6.
Flourish (v)
Regular:
He studied hard yesterday.
I walked to school this morning.
The pilgrims travelled by boat three decades ago.
We attended a lecture in Arabic last week.
Irregular:
She was sick yesterday.
I met my lecturer on the bus this morning.
The government built the bridge two years ago.
The professor wrote two books last year.
I got up this morning at five oclock, dressed, ate breakfast and
went to the university.
Negative form: adding not, for example:
We did not go to the cinema last night.
I was not sick.
Interrogative form, e.g. Did she write the letter yesterday? (yes, she did or
no, she did not)
Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, simple
present or simple past tense.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
The window was open and a bird flew into the room.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Reading Text
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From its formation in 1707, the United Kingdom has had a vibrant tradition
of theatre, much of it inherited from England and Scotland.
Theatre was introduced from Europe to England by the Romans and
auditoriums were constructed across the country for this purpose. By the medieval
period theatre had developed with the mummers' plays, a form of early street
theatre associated with the Morris dance, concentrating on themes such as Saint
George and the Dragon and Robin Hood. These were folk tales re-telling old
stories, and the actors travelled from town to town performing these for their
audiences in return for money and hospitality. The medieval mystery plays and
morality plays, which dealt with Christian themes, were performed at religious
festivals.
The reign of Elizabeth I in the late 16th and early 17th century saw a
flowering of the drama and all the arts. Perhaps the most famous playwright in the
world, William Shakespeare, wrote around 40 plays that are still performed in
theatres across the world to this day. They include tragedies, such as Hamlet
(1603), Othello (1604), and King Lear (1605); comedies, such as A Midsummer
Night's Dream (159496) and Twelfth Night (1602); and history plays, such as
Henry IV, part 12. The Elizabethan age is sometimes nicknamed "the age of
Shakespeare" for the amount of influence he held over the era. Other important
Elizabethan and 17th-century playwrights include Ben Jonson, Christopher
Marlowe, and John Webster.
During the Interregnum 16421660, English theatres were kept closed by
the Puritans for religious and ideological reasons. When the London theatres
opened again with the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, they flourished under
the personal interest and support of Charles II. Wide and socially mixed audiences
were attracted by topical writing and by the introduction of the first professional
actresses (in Shakespeare's time, all female roles had been played by boys). New
genres of the Restoration were heroic drama, pathetic drama, and Restoration
comedy. The Restoration plays that have best retained the interest of producers
and audiences today are the comedies, such as William Wycherley's The Country
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Wife (1676), The Rover (1677) by the first professional woman playwright, Aphra
Behn, John Vanbrugh's The Relapse (1696), and William Congreve's The Way of
the World (1700). Restoration comedy is famous or notorious for its sexual
explicitness, a quality encouraged by Charles II (16601685) personally and by
the rakish aristocratic ethos of his court.
In the 18th century, the highbrow and provocative Restoration comedy lost
favour, to be replaced by sentimental comedy, domestic tragedy such as George
Lillo's The London Merchant (1731), and by an overwhelming interest in Italian
opera. Popular entertainment became more important in this period than ever
before, with fair-booth burlesque and mixed forms that are the ancestors of the
English music hall. These forms flourished at the expense of legitimate English
drama, which went into a long period of decline. By the early 19th century it was
no longer represented by stage plays at all, but by the closet drama, plays written
to be privately read in a "closet" (a small domestic room).
A change came in the late 19th century with the plays on the London stage
by the Irishmen George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde and the Norwegian
Henrik Ibsen, all of whom influenced domestic English drama and vitalised it
again.
Today the West End of London has a large number of theatres, particularly
centred on Shaftesbury Avenue. A prolific composer of the 20th century Andrew
Lloyd Webber has dominated the West End for a number of years and his musicals
have travelled to Broadway in New York and around the world, as well as being
turned into films.
The Royal Shakespeare Company operates out of Shakespeare's birthplace
Stratford-upon-Avon in England, producing mainly but not exclusively
Shakespeare's plays.
Important modern playwrights include Alan Ayckbourn, John Osborne,
Harold Pinter, Tom Stoppard, and Arnold Wesker.
15
8. Monarchy (n)
2. Burlesque (n)
9. Notorious (adj)
3. Decline (n)
4. Expense (n)
5. Highbrow (adj)
6. Inherit (v)
7. Medieval (adj)
16
damage
hold
include
invite
17
make
overtake
show
translate
write
18
2.
Mummers plays are form of early street theatre associated with the Morris
dance.
3.
19
4.
5.
The highbrow and provocative Restoration comedy lost favour in the 18th
century.
Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form.
1.
2.
3.
The roof of the building was damaged in a storm a few days ago.
4.
5.
6.
7.
In the United States, elections for President are held every four years.
8.
Originally the book was written in Spanish and a few years ago it was
translated into English.
9.
We were driving along quite fast but we were overtaken by lots of other
cars.
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