International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),

INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 156-161 IAEME
AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
ISSN 0976 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 6316(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 156-161
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IJCIET
IAEME

PARTIALLY PROCESS STEEL SLAG USED AS CEMENT REPLACEMENT

IN SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (S.C.C)
Syed Muqueet Ali,

Prof. D.N.Kakde

Department of civil engineering, P.E.S. College of engineering, Aurangabad

ABSTRACT
Self compacting concrete (SCC) exhibiting high-flow behavior is used to overcome
conventional concrete problems such as honeycomb that occur as a result of improper compaction.
Rapid increase in construction has brought heavy demand for ingredients of concrete such as cement
and sand, and these materials are becoming costly and scarce. Use of steel slag, as by-product from
the steel industries in concrete may help to conserve natural resources and at the same time an
economically positive option. This paper represents investigation to study the performance of Self
Compacting concrete prepared with utilizing steel slag as cementitious material. Compressive
strength on Self compacting concrete with 0.5 water/cement ratio was investigated. Steel slag
replacement varies from 0% to 30% are used. The fresh concrete properties are determined from Lchannel, V-funnel flow time. Experimental results shows that the strength of concrete attain desirable
value at 17% replacement by steel slag.
Keywords: Compressive Strength, Steel Slag, W/C Ratio, Super Plasticizers.
I. INTRODUCTION
Self compacted concrete (SCC) is one of the newest forms of high performance concrete
available on the market today. SCC is a material that meets a unique combination of performance
and uniformity requirements that cannot always be achieved using conventional constituents and
usual construction practices. It can spread readily into place and self-consolidate under its own
weight without exhibiting any significant separation of constituents. These characteristics translate
into substantial reduction in labor cost and construction time, and better working environment by
eliminating the impact of vibration. This SCC technology can allow the construction industry to
optimize material use, generate economic benefits, and build structures that are sound economically
and environmentally.
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 156-161 IAEME

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the main ingredients used for the production of
Self compacting concrete. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is having major cost of concrete and
production of cement involves emission of large amounts of carbon-dioxide gas into the atmosphere,
a major contributor for green house effect and the global warming, hence it is inevitable either to
search for another material or partially replace it by some other material. The search for any such
material, which can be used as an alternative or as a supplementary for cement should lead to global
sustainable development and lowest possible environmental impact. Concrete property can be
maintained with advanced mineral admixtures such as Steel slag powder as partial replacement of
cement 0 to 30%. Compressive strength of Steel slag concrete with different dosage of slag was
studied as a partial replacement of cement. From the experimental investigations, it has been
observed that, the replacement of Steel Slag Powder to cement without changing much the
compressive strength is 17%.
Following properties of concrete using pure cement and blended cements with Steels lag
were tested and compared
1. Workability
2. Compressive strength
II. OVERVIEW OF INGREDIENT OF CONCRETE
1

Nominal Max.Size of coarse aggregate

20 mm

Fineness Modulus Of Fine Aggregate

2.88 Confirming to zone II (IS 383-1970)

3
4
5

Fineness Modulus Of Coarse Aggregate

Specific Gravity Of Fine Aggregate
Specific Gravity Of Steel Slag Cement

5.12 Confirming to zone II (IS 383-1970)

2.65
2.67

6
7
8
9
10

Specific Gravity Of Coarse Aggregate

Specific Gravity Of Cement
Water Absorption of fine aggregates
Water Absorption of coarse aggregate
Water Absorption of steel slag

2.7
3.15
4.75 %
1.70 %
4.6 %

III. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL SLAG

a) Chemical properties of steel slag
Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Constituent

Percentage
Mean
39
36
10
12
0.5
0.44
1.4

Calcium Oxide (CaO)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)
Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
Iron (FeO or Fe2O3)
Manganese Oxide (MnO)
Sulfur (S)
157

Range
34-43
27-38
7-12
7-15
0.2-1.6
0.15-0.76
1-1.9

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 156-161 IAEME

b) Physical properties of steel slag

Sr.No
1
2
3
4
5

Physical Properties
Colour
Specific gravity
Appearance
Compacted Unit Weight (KN/m3 )
Absorption (%)

Steel Sagle
Black
2.67
Crystalline
10.98-13.34
4.6% of total weight

IV. TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE

o V-Funnel Test: The flow ability of the fresh concrete can be tested with the V-funnel test.
The funnel is filled with about 12 liters of concrete and the time taken for it to flow through
the apparatus is measured. Further, T 5min is also measured with V-funnel, which indicates
the tendency for segregation, wherein the funnel can be refilled with concrete and left for 5
minutes to settle. If the concrete shows segregation, the flow time will increase significantly.

o L-Box: The passing ability is determined using the L- box test. The vertical section of the LBox is filled with concrete, and then the gate lifted to let the concrete flow into the horizontal
section. The height of the concrete at the end of the horizontal section is expressed as a
proportion of that remaining in the vertical section (h2/h1). This is an indication of passing
ability. The specified requisite is the ratio between the heights of the concrete at each end or
blocking ratio to be 0.8.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 156-161 IAEME

Acceptance Criteria for SCC as per EFNARC:

Test
V-Funnel (sec)
L-Box(h2 /h1)

Range
6-12
0.8-1.0

Result
7.2sec
0.92

V. TESTED TO FULFILL THE IS REQUIREMENTS

Designed Self compacting concrete (SCC) mix of M-30 grade having mix proportion
1:1.99:1.7 with w/c ratio 0.5 same for different percentages of steel slag 0%,10%, 15% ,17%,20%,
25% and 30% were used in concrete.
The concrete ingredients namely, cement, steel slag, and course aggregate were first mixed in
the dry state and water with super plasticizer was added last. Cubes of size 150x150x150 mm for
compressive strength were casted. The replacement of cement by steel slag in self compacting
concrete was done at 0%, 10%, 15%, 17%, 20%, 25% and 30% by weight of cement.
All the samples were cured for 7 days to 28 days. For each batch of slag percentage
replacement, 6 specimens were cast. Details of the experimental investigation of used of steel slag in
different percentages as cement replacement are as fallows.
Test conducted
UTM (universal testing machine) was used as a test set up for carrying out the test on
hardened concrete. The test was carried out for finding the flexural strengths and compressive
strengths. A standard test procedure is followed for each test and strength performance of hardened
concrete is studied.
Compressive strength
Compressive strength was calculated by placing the cubes of size 150x150x150 mm on UTM. The
Compressive strength calculated by formula
Fcu = P/A
Where
Fcu =compressive strength of cube, MPa or N/mm2
P = Compressive load at failure, N
A = area of loading face of cube, mm2

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN

ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 156-161 IAEME

Test arrangement for Compressive Test

Fig Test arrangement for Compressive Test

50
45

43.65

40

42.88

39.7

41.62

35
30

28.65

29.96

36.65

28.18

27.42

35.1

30.87

26.05

25

37.18

26.3

20

7Days
28 Days

15
10
5
0
0%

10%

15%

17%

20%

25%

30%

Fig Compressive strength (N/mm2) V/S replacement percentage of steel slag

VI. CONCLUSION
Following are the conclusions drawn from the above research work
[1] 17 % replacement of cement with unprocessed steel slag gives desirable compressive strength
[2] At 10% of replacement of cement with unprocessed steel slag gives optimistic compressive
strength and further replace up to 17%.
[3] The cost of concrete is less than convention concrete.
[4] Thus use of steel slag in concrete could enhance the strength in concrete.
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 156-161 IAEME

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank the Management, Principal, Head of Civil Engineering Department
and staff of P.E.S engineering College, Aurangabad and Authorities of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University for their support. The authors express their deep sincere thanks to
Prof.D.N.Kakde (Department of Civil Engineering, PES Aurangabad) for her tremendous support
and valuable guidance from time to time.
REFERENCES
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[3] Chan WWJ.CML Wu2000. Durability of concrete with high cement replacement cements
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[4] Riyaz Khan and Prof.S.B.Shinde, Effect of Unprocessed Steel Slag on the Strength of
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Technology (IJCIET),Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 231 - 239, ISSN Print: 0976 6308,
ISSN Online: 0976 6316.
[5] H. Okamura, Self-compacting High-Performance Concrete, Concrete International 19 (7)
(1997) 50 54.
[6] EFNARC. 2002. Specification and Guidelines for Self-Compacting concrete. EFNARC
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Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, V.99, No. 6, pp. 521-527, November December, 2002.
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