International Journal of Nanotechnology

and Application (IJNA)

ISSN(P): 2277-4777; ISSN(E): 2278-9391
Vol. 4, Issue 4, Aug 2014, 45-48
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

STUDIES ON STRUCTURAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CERIUM OXIDE

DOPED BARIUM STRONTIUM TITANATE (Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3) CERAMICS
P. SREENIVASULA REDDY1, T. RANJETH KUMAR REDDY2 & T. SUBBA RAO3
1,3

Department of Physics, S. K University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Department of Physics, SRIT Engineering College, Ananatapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
Cerium oxide doped (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) barium strontium titanate (Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST50))
ceramic sample were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The structure of Cerium oxide doped BST50 was studied by
XRD. From the XRD data the lattice parameter a, particle sizes and unit cell volume were calculated. As a function of
frequency and temperature, dielectric properties were studied in the frequency range 1 kHz to 1 MHz.

KEYWORDS: X-Ray Diffraction, Dielectric Constant, Lattice Constant

INTRODUCTION
The general formula of perovskite is ABO3; the oxidation states of A, B and O are 2+, 4+ and 2- respectively.
Barium strontium titanate is also belongs to the perovskite family [1, 2]. Barium strontium titanate (BST) based ceramics
are chosen because of its several industrial applications, including dynamic random access memory capacitor [3, 4],
microwave filters, infrared detectors, and dielectric phase shifters [5-7], due to their excellent ferroelectric, dielectric,
piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties

PREPARATION OF SAMPLES
Cerium oxide doped (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) barium strontium titanate (BST50) ceramic sample was
synthesized using a solid-state reaction method [811]. Reagent grade, BaCO3, SrCO3, TiO2 and CeO2 powders were used
as starting materials. The powders were mixed by ball milling for 20h for uniform mixing. The mixed powders were
calcined at 1200 - 12500C for 24h. After calcining the samples are ballmillied for 24h. Fine calcined powders were pressed
into disc-shaped pellets at an isostatic pressure of 10 tons. No binder was used. The pellets are sintered at 12800C. To find
out the properties, silver paste applied to it on both surfaces the sintered samples. The dielectric properties were measured
using HOCI LCR HITESTER-3532-50 meter at 1 kHz 1 MHz from 300C to 3000C.

DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS
Dielectric capacitance (c) dielectric and loss (tan ) of the samples were measured in the frequency range 1 kHz to
1MHz using LCR meter (HIOKI 3532-50 LCR Hi Tester). Temperature variation of dielectric and dielectric loss were
studied at different frequencies (viz. 1 kHz, 10 kHz, and 100 kHz and 1 MHz). The dielectric constant (r) was calculated
using the relation:

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P. Sreenivasula Reddy, T. Ranjeth Kumar Reddy & T. Subba Rao

Where c = the capacitance of the pellet,

t= the thickness of the pellet,
A= the area of cross section of the pellet and
o is the permittivity of free space (8.8541012 F/m).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Crystal Structure
Figure 1 shows the x-ray diffraction patterns of BST50 and Cerium oxide doped (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and
0.20%) BST50 ceramics. The peak sharpness and intensity indicate that BST is fully crystalline. No impurity peaks was
observed in the XRD patterns. From XRD pattern we conformed that the structure of the Cerium oxide doped
(0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) BST50 is cubic structure.
The lattice parameter of Cerium oxide doped BST 50 is 3.9822A0. The volume of unit cell and average particle
sizes of Cerium oxide doped BST50 are 63.1494 cm3 and 20 to 90 nm respectively.
Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Loss
Variation of dielectric constant with frequency for CeO2 doped and BST50 at room temperature is shown in
Figure 2. The dielectric constant decrement was observed for 0.05% CeO2 doped composition. Further the dielectric
constant is increased up to 0.15% and then decreased.
When the Ce4+ (ionic radius 1.01 Ao) replaces Ti4+ (ionic radius 0.68 Ao), the decreasing the amount of
spontaneous polarization will occur, which will explain the decrease of the permittivity with increasing Ce 4+ ion
concentration. This is in agreement with the previous published work [12-19].
Variation of dielectric loss with frequency for CeO 2 doped and BST50 at room temperature is shown in Figure 3.
At lower frequencies tan is large and it decreases with increasing frequency. The tan is the energy dissipation in the
dielectric system, which is proportional to the imaginary part of dielectric constant . At higher frequencies the losses are
reduced and the dipoles contribute to the polarization.

Figure 1: XRD Patterns of the 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% Wt% Ceo 2 Doped BST50 Ceramics

Impact Factor (JCC): 1.8003

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

47

Studies on Structural and Dielectric Properties of Cerium Oxide Doped

Barium Strontium Titanate (Ba0.5sr0.5tio3) Ceramics

Figure 2: Variation of Dielectric Constant with Frequency for

CeO2 Doped and BST50 at Room Temperature

Figure 3: Variation of Dielectric Loss with Frequency for CeO2 Doped and BST50 at Room Temperature

CONCLUSIONS
Cerium oxide doped (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) barium strontium titanate (BST50) ceramics prepared by
high temperature solid reaction technique. It exhibit good homogeneity, small particle size and formation of single phase
compounds with cubic structure. The dielectric constant decrement was observed for CeO2 doped composition. +

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P. Sreenivasula Reddy, T. Ranjeth Kumar Reddy & T. Subba Rao

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Impact Factor (JCC): 1.8003

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0