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Network Devices
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Objectives
Install, configure and differentiate between
common network devices
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Switch Symbol
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Bridge Symbol
Router Symbol
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Wireless
Wired
Windows
Netware
MS Gateway
Services for
Netware
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Analog
Modem
Telco
Modem
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Internal
Network
Internet
(Untrusted)
(Trusted?)
Demilitarized
Zone
Client
Okay, here is
an IP
Address
DHCP
Server
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Summary
10
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Wireless
11
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Transceivers/Media Convertors
convert from one media type to
another
AUI
Coaxial
Fibre
UTP
12
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Signal
Strength
Repeater
Extends Network Reach
13
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Repeater
14
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Repeater
Hub
Broadcast
Domain
15
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Internal Modem
Analog
Modem
Telco
Modem
16
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Your LAN
CSU / DSU
WAN Side
LAN Side
17
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Summary
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Transceiver
Repeater
Hub
MAU
Modem
CSU/DSU
18
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Repeater
Hub
Broadcast
Domain
Bridge
Collision
Domains
Broadcast
Domain
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Layer-2 Switches
Switch
Collision
Domains
Broadcast
Domain
Domain
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Forwarding/Filtering
Loop Avoidance
ADDRESS LEARNING
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Table is initially
Empty
1
2
aaaa
bbbb
4
1
3
cccc
dddd
2
3
bbbb
4
1
dddd
3
cccc
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MAC Address
I want to send to
cccc
aaaa
aaaa
2
bbbb
4
1
3
cccc
dddd
MAC Address
aaaa
2
aaaa
bbbb
3
4
cccc
1
dddd
3
cccc
Reply to
aaaa
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MAC Address
aaaa
2
aaaa
bbbb
3
4
cccc
1
3
cccc
dddd
Reply to
aaaa
aaaa
Port
MAC Address
aaaa
dddd
bbbb
cccc
1
dddd
bbbb
3
cccc
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Layer 2 Forwarding
aaaa
I want to
send to
bbbb
Port
MAC Address
aaaa
dddd
bbbb
cccc
bbbb
dddd
cccc
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1.
2. Finds it
3. Forward Frame out ONLY the
associated port
Port
MAC Address
aaaa
dddd
bbbb
cccc
aaaa
I want to
send to
bbbb
bbbb
dddd
cccc
2
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MAC Address
aaaa, dddd
2
aaaa
bbbb
cccc
bbbb
Hub
1
dddd
3
cccc
4
aaaa
Port
MAC Address
aaaa, dddd
2
3
bbbb
cccc
bbbb
Hub
dddd
I dont need to
do anything
cccc
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Loop Avoidance
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Switches:
Bridges:
Cutthrough
Store-andforward
Store-andforward
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Cut-through Switching
The fastest way to forward frames
Looks at only the first 6 bytes (destination
MAC address) before forwarding
No error checking
Destination
MAC Address
Rest of Frame
Forwarding Decision
Fragment-free Switching
Waits for the first 64 bytes before forwarding
Catches most collisions
Limited error checking
Destination
MAC Address
64
Bytes
Rest of Frame
Forwarding Decision
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Store-and-Forward Switching
Slower but more reliable than the cut-through
Reads entire frame and performs a CRC check
If CRC check fails discard frame
Complete Frame
CRC
Forwarding Decision
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Token Ring
Ethernet
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Site A
Site B
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Summary
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Diagnostic
LEDs
RJ-45 Jack
PCI Connector
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Transmission Functions
100Mbps
1000Mbps
Auto
negotiation
Duplex
mode
Full duplex
Half duplex
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Selection Criteria
Consider the following:
The data-link layer protocol
The transmission speed requirements
Cabling and connector types
Computers bus architecture and resource
availability
Network interface driver availability
The operating system type
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Configuring a NIC
For none plug and play (PnP) NICs, configure
the following, as required:
Interrupt request (IRQ)
Input/output (I/O) port address
Memory address
Direct memory access (DMA) channel
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Device Drivers
A device driver provides the link between
operating system and the network interface
adapter
Operating
System
Device
Driver
Network
Card
Configuration Tools
Depends on the operating system
For all Microsoft Windows operating systems,
use the Device Manager utility
Accessed from the System Properties dialog
box in Control Panel or from the Computer
Management console
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Isolating a Problem
Check existing cables and connectors
are secure
Test with known good cables and
connectors
Exclude other related hardware and
software
Verify that the appropriate driver is
installed
Verify that no conflicts exists with
other devices
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Routers
Routers are network layer devices that
connect networks
Connect similar or different data-link layer
LANs
Must understand and support the network
layer protocol and addressing
Perform fragmentation
Strip the data-link header and footer off
received frames
Routers (Continued)
Add a new data-link header and trailer before
transmitting frames
Use routing protocols to build routing tables
and forward frames
Define separate broadcast domains
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Interface Address
192.168.2.254
Network: 192.168.1.x
Network: 192.168.2.x
Switch
Router
192.168.1.20
Switch
192.168.2.20
A Routed Internetwork
Switch
192.168.3.x
RouterA
3rd Floor
Switch
192.168.2.x
RouterB
2nd Floor
Switch
192.168.1.x
RouterC
1st Floor
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Layer-3 Switches
Perform the same function as a Router
Use special hardware integrated circuits
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuits
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Netware
MS Gateway
Services for
Netware
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Multilayer switch
Content switch
IDS/IPS
Load balancer
Multifunction network devices
DNS server
Bandwidth shaper
Proxy server
CSU/DSU
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External
Network
Cisco IDS/IPS-4235
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IPS
Internal
(Protected)
Network
Cisco IPS-4240
Minicomputer
Minicomputer
Minicomputer
Minicomputer
Servers
Load
Balancer
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Minicomputer
Minicomputer
Minicomputer
Minicomputer
Content Switch
I
S
R
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Minicomputer
DNS
Server
Recreational
Business
Critical
Bandwidth
Shaper
Business Critical
Non-Business Critical
Traffic IN
Traffic OUT
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Proxy server
Minicomputer
Proxy
Server
Minicomputer
www.example.com
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To WAN circuit
To router
Review
Multilayer switch
Content switch
IDS/IPS
Load balancer
Multifunction network devices
DNS server
Bandwidth shaper
Proxy server
CSU/DSU
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