A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL

FOR
OIL TRANSPORT AND STORAGE PROBLEM
BY DR. MUSTASFA ABDULAAL
AL- FATAH

UNIVERSITY I DEPT. OF COMPUTER

S C I E N C E S ~T R I P O L I ~ L I B Y A

ABSTRACT

This paper solves the problem of alternating transport of two

different kinds of crude oil via same pipe-line from a distant
production field to port terminal where it is stored in tanks to be
Picked-up by ships,
ships donot arrive to port at deterministic
times. The two kinds of crude oil belong to different companies
and donot mix at all. In this paper we determine the optimum
transport schedule for the two crudes depending on different
production levels, and we deterimine the optimum tank storage
capacity to be used by each crude at the port terminal under
stochastic oil pickup by ships.
A computer simulation technique is developed to solve this problem
based on relevant history data. The implementation resuts of the
simulation program are also presented and interpreted.
optium transport schedules and major savings in storage capacity
is concluded.
A. INTRODUCTION
Two Oil Companies Zuetina(C1)and Agip (C2) are producing
different crude oil at common field location. Oil produced by C1 and
C2 is pumped from field to the same port terminal through
a common pipe line at alternating schedule between C1 and C2.
Each company has its own storage tanks at port, from which tanker
ships lift oil for export. Also here, common berth tubes are used to
pump oil from the different oil storage tanks to the tanker ships. As
Cl oil is wax free and C2 oil is waxy, the berth tubes are flushed
with C1 oil after each loading of C2 oil to keep tubes waxfree.
Over the past period the quantity ~of oil produced by C1 has been
on decline while that produced by C2 has been rising. The six
storage tanks constructed by C1 at port several years ago
appear to be in excess of the current needs. Since the maintenance

117

of storage tanks, whether or not in use, is very costly, and

Company C2 is interested to buy or lease excess tanks of C1, it is
considered very necessary for C1 to find the optimum number of
tanks corresponding to its current and near future needs. In
addition, it is required to know how to adjust schedules of
transporting oil from field to port between C1 and C2 as per
varying production levels of C1 and C2 and hence this study is
conducted.
The complexity of this problem arises from the facts that tanker
ships do not guarantee arrival to lift oil at regular basis to make
deterministic storage calculation. Moreover, weather problems at
ports prevents embarked tankers to be loaded for unexpected
periods of time ( port closure).
If regular lifting of oil is assumed and port closure is omitted, it
would have been a simple deterministic problem based on
production levels. Over estimation of port closure and time gaps
between tanker ships arrivals may result in a costly over estimated
number of tankers.
Therefore, we resort to simulation techniques based on history
data of tanker arrivals and port closures.

118

B. INPUT DATA

F o u r kinds of data which are directly or indirectly relevant to the

study have been used. The data Were made available in a very crude
form, with items spread over different backlog registry sheets and
files. They were identified, extracted and entered into the computer
as A S C I I data files. The interpretation of data is also difficult as the
people filing and archiving the data forms and registers are not
aware of the technicalities of the interpretation. However, the data
used are:
i)

Shipping Data
This is the most relevant aiid useful data file for the study. The
quantity of oil lifted by each tanker along with the date, time
and duration of loading is available here since J a n u a r y 1992
on morning r e p o r t sheets and on manual registry books. It is
observed that, broadly Speaking, there were two kinds of
shipments for Company C1 which have been studied and
treated separately:-

a)
b)

Flush shipment to clear berth tubes with quantity fixed at 1.5

M B L L S (thousands of barrels).
N o r m a l shipment with much larger quantities of export.

ii)

Port-Closure Data
The data relating to periods during which the p o r t remained
closed due to bad weather since 1992 have been used after
collecting them from daily w e a t h e r reports. They are very
relevant and o f m u c h use.

119

iii)

Production Data

These provide i n f o r m a t i o n about the trend in the quantity of

production over the past few years (since 1992). These d a t a
were not of important use. We however collected these d a t a
from daily reports and from the manual registry books. The
data are then computerised and used for checking and testing
purposes only, since the philosophy of the model is to estimate
storage requirements for any given production rate. In other
words, production is a control p a r a m e t e r to be input at will,
which is quite natural and is the right and desirable approach.

iv)

In-Stock Data

These relate to the quantity Of oil supplied from the field to the
terminal in batches. The quantity of oil left in stock in storage
tanks is also available and given to us from morning reports
since 1992.
Some missing gaps were logically and
computationally defined. This quantity of course increases
when C1-Oil is pumped from field to port, and decreases when
t a n k e r ships lifts C1-Oil for exports. It decreases slightly by
1.5 M B L L S when berth tubes a r e flushed after C2-Oil
pumping.

120

C. ANALYSED PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

The movement ofoil from the field to the port and from port to the
tankers is considered in various stages, as below :

i)

The oil produced by CI is transported from the field to the port

terminal through pipeline in batches, i.e. it flows for some
specified hours, and then the pipeline is used for the flow of C2
oil. This is more or less a regular program: e.g. 20 hours of
C I oil is followed by 60 hours of oil, as per current production
levels.

ii)

The oil is stored in storage tanks at the port.

iii)

Oil tankers arrive at varying time intervals lifting varying

quantity of oil.

iv)

A n y tanker that lifts C2 oil has to lift L5 MBLLS of C1 oil to

get the berth tubes flushed.

v)

Due to bad weather the port is closed intermittently. While the

inflow of oil continues during the period the port is closed the
outflow (shipment) is suspended causing large quantities of oil
stored in port tanks.
The period of closure and the inter-closure gap are very
varying, however, it is observed that during the winter,
closures are more frequent and for longer periods than in other
seasons.
This led us to study the closure-of-port data separately for the
two seasons:
November through March: which we call bad season, and
A p r i l through October: wh!ch we call good season.
To attain accurate model fittings.

a)
b)

Keeping the above factors in view the storage facility at the port is to
be minimized provided that it is Sufficient to cope with the expected
production storage under the anticipated long periods of closure and
delay in oil lifting. In fair weather, that is when the port is open,
accumulation of oil may not pose serious p r o b l e m .

D. T H E PROPOSED M O D E L

W e propose simulation technique to be adopted to study the problem

at hand. Simulation is a computer technique which generates an
estimated system which is more or less a picture of a real-life system
under study. This is based on a number of m a t l ! e ~ l ~ s t a t i s t i c a l
and logical relationships between the various factors involved in the
system.
In this study some of the relevant factors are:
i)

Input To Storage:
The elements of a batch schedule a r e direct outcome of
production rates (input to storage) which fully dictates the
following elements:

a)
b)
e)

No. of hours during which C1 oil is transported through the

pipleline from the field to the port.
No. of hours not used by C1 (i.e. used by C2)
Rate of flow of oil.

122

ii)

Output From Storage:

The following stochastic variables are the most important and
relevant factors governing the output from the storage tanks
and have therefore been used in the model:

a)

Gap (in hours) between twosuccessive closures during bad

season.

b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Period (in hours) of closures during bad season.

Gap (in hours) between two successive closures during good
season.
Period ( in hours) of closures during good season.
Gap between two successive flush shipments lifting 1.5 MBLLS.
Gap between two successive normal shipments.
Quantity lifted in the normal shipments.

iii)

Initial Stock:
This is the initial quantity in C1 storage tanks at the port at
some base period, to avoid unrealistic system generation of
future daily stock levels that would in the absence of this initial
value, start with Zero stock level.
E. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA

Each of the seven stochastic variables enumerated above has been

analysed using the collected (and then computerised) data files to give
the following statistics:
a)
Minimum value,
b) Maximum value,
Mean or the average,
c)
d) V~riance,
Beta 1,
e)
f)
Beta 2, and
g)
Frequency distribution.

123

Several computer program s have been written for the above statistics
which a r e necessary to specify the proper model to represent the
different variables. The programs are :

a)

cl.exe ...
which computes the above statistics for :
i)
duration of port closed hours for :
a)
good season,
b}
bad season,
ii)
gap ( in hours) between consecutive closures in :
a)
good season,
b)
bad season,

b)

outbig, exe ...

which computes the relevant statistics for :
i)
quantity of oil lifter!by normal shipment,
ii)
gap (in hours) between two consecutive normal
shipments.

c)

outsm, exe ...

which computes the required statistics for :
i)
gap ( in hours) between two consecutive flush shipments.

(Note that the quantity lifted by flush shipments being fixed at 1.5
M B L L S need not be investigated into, any further).

124

F r o m the study of the frequency distributions and other statistics it

has been inferred that the generalised gamma distribution may be
employed to approximate the unknown distribution of the variables
under study. This inference is also in conformity with the experience
of operations research practices in such fields of application.
The probability density function of the generalized gamma
distribution is of the form :
f(x) =1 ^ r~x ^ (r-l) / G (r) ~ exp ( - l ~ x )
where G is the gamma function, and other notations are explained
below.
G a m m a distribution in its general form, depending on the values of its
parameters,
includes various other important probability
distributions commonly used in such studies such as :

i)

Negative exponential distribution :

The probability density function of this distribution has the
form :
f (x) = 1 ~ exp (-lx)
where x is the exponential )'ariate, 1 is the parameter
and exp stands for e to the power ...
stands for multiplication.

ii)

Erlang distribution :

The probability density function of this distribution is :

f(x)

=1 ^r ~x ^(r-1)!~exp(-l~x)

where x is the Erlang variate,

r and 1 are the p a r a m e t e r s , and
! stands for factorial sign,
^ stands for ' to the power ' .

i25

10

iii ) N o r m a l distribution :
The probability density functionofsuch a distribution is :
f (x) -- 1/( s ~ sqrt ( 2 * pi ) ~ exp ( - 1 / 2 ~ ( ( x - m ) / s) ^ 2)
where m
S

pi
sqrt

is the m e a n
is the standard deviation,
stands for the well known mathematical constant,
stands for the square root operator.

G a m m a distribution has two parameters commonly known as alpha

and lambda. For some of the variables under study the parameters
have been worked o u t , rather estimated, from the statistics referred
to above. However, there are some parameters which are dependent
on such other values which would be available from time to time as
the simulation process proceeds and, hence, they are computed as
and when such values have been worked out.
G. DESCRIPTION OF THE SIMULATION MODEL

We have taken an ' hour' to be the unit of time for our

simulation scheme, i.e. simulation of hourly change of stock in
Cl-oil tanks at p o r t . The entire spectrum of time has been
taken to be one year (which could be altered). Using the
appropriate probability w e first generate the hours for which
the port is simulated to be closed.
Both, the gaps and the
periods have been generated independently and separately
for :
a)
the good season, and
b)
the bad season.

126

11

The inflow of the oil from the field is then generated. In our
model this is not a stochastic variable. It is deterministic, except
that the initial hour of flow is randomly selected.
This determines the total inflow of oil.
( the total inflow equals the total outflow over a long sepctrum
of time, since all oil will eventually be lifted.)

Using the properly selected parameters the inter-arrival gaps of

flush shipments are then generated and the hours of shipment
are simulated. Care is taken of the fact that the port is not
closed at that hour and if so it is shifted to the next hour at
which the port is found open. The quantity of each shipment is
now worked out. Thus the total quantity to be lifted during
the whole simulation period by the normal shipments is
determined.

The parameters of the gamma distribution for the generation of

the inter-arrival gaps and the quantities of normal shipments
are then computed. It is evident that for the purpose of
this study, a shipment is completely specified only by two
variables - the time of arrival and the quantity to be lifted. The
time of arrival is determined by adding the inter-arrival gap
time to the time of arrival of the previous ship. Thus the interarrival gap and the quantity are simulated on the basis of the
determined parameters. Again a shipment is not given effect to
unless the port is found open.

In the model a provision is made that in case there is an

abnormally long gap between two shipments, a shipment is
simulated provided the port is not closed. This is in conformity
with the practice that a tanker is invited to lift oil in such a
situation.

127

12

The system is first constructed on hourly basis for whole

simulation period with information on : port-closed / open,
inflow, outflow (flush + normal) the hourly stock is created.
All this is done inside the Computer and then the hourly
structure is remodelled into daily structure. Assuming the
given capacity of a tank to be 540 MBLLS the number of
tanks needed to store the stock at the port is computed each
day. The given value of 540 MBLLS can easily be
changed in the program.

The complete generated system for the whole simulation period

is then displayed on screen or printed on printer at will
showing:
[ day # closed
where

in

out

d-stock

no.tnks ]

day # ..

is the serial no. of the day from 1 up to the last d a y

of the simulation period.

closed ..

shows the number of hours the port is closed

on that day using the symbols :

+
x

meaning dosed for 1 to 6 hours,

meaning dosed for 7 to 12 hours
meaning closed for 13 to 18 hours
meaning dosed for 19 to 24 hours,

in

is the quantity of inflow of oil from the field to the pog~.

out

is the quantity of outflow of oil from the port by the

tankers.

128

13

cl-stock..

is the closing-stock of oil left in the storage tanks on the

day.
In case there is zero stock it is indicated by -0.0.

no. tuks..

is the n u m b e r of tanks required to store the closing stock.

It has been worked out taking a tank's capacity to be 540
M B L L S . To be realistic it appears as 1 even when the
stock is Zero.

H. IMPLEMENTATION

The main simulation program (Sim. Exe.) has been validated and
executed several times. Several implementation aspects should be
observed :

i)

In respect of randomization, the simulation program (SIM) has

two options for the initial yalue of seed for randomisation is :

a)

not reset : it meaning that every time the program is executed

the same set of random numbers would be generated causing
the reconstruction of the same system for the same input. This
is suitable if results are to be compared for different sets of
parameters.

b)

reset : meaning that every time the program is exectued a new

set of random numbers is generated and a different simulated
system is constructed. Although different, all the generated
systems represent the possible outcomes / pictures of the system
under study with the same parameters. This is often used to
compare results obtainedfor the same set of parameters, a
facility which makes the program very general and useful.

129

14

ii)

In respect of time validity of the model, since the model is

based on data from 1992 to April 1999, and being a discrete
simulation model, it is validated to generate storage
requirement via simulated operation of "production flowin/flow-out" for any period starting from day 1 of 99 and
extends practically to more than 3 years (theoretically to any
n u m b e r of years). More recent data is needed to extend the
duration validity of the model. As data ends in 30/04/99,
simulation can actually start any day from 01/05/99. P r o g r a m
S I M asks for the last day before simulation s t a r t and for the
length of the simulation period in days. Overlap period of d a t a
available and simulated d a t a is only used for validation
purposes. Simulation after the period of data available is the
actual foreease.

iii)

SIM also requires daily production as an input p a r a m e t e r , but

it is represented in terms of daily flow rate along the pipeline
(averaged at 12 MBLLS per hour), and the duration of flow
(duration of C1 batches and C2 batches), e.g. if c u r r e n t
production rate is about 60 MBLLS then in (60/12 = 5)five
hours daily, this production can be batched leaving 19 hours
daily for C2 batch. A batch cycle of 4 days will split batches in
the ratio of 20:76 between C1 and C2 respectively.
Currently the ratio is 20:80, adjusting the pipeline flow rate
whenever production level does not fit the batch schedule. In
SIM, both pipeline flow rate and batch duration are input
p a r a m e t e r s decided by the user according to the production
level.
In the appendix below, a print-out of three various cases
generated from SIM for different input parameters. All three
cases simulate 120 days of 1999 using the average pipeline flow
rate of 12 MBLLS.

130

15

Initial stock in all cases is assumed to be 500 MBLLS while in

fact it was only 338 MBLLS. These three cases impose very
severe test of the simulation model SIM as they represent the
currently known typical case, and the two radical cases of high
drop and high increase in C1 production.
case (i):

Using the current production average of 60 MBLLS

batched in 20:80 schedule. Stock levelis shown not to
exceed the need for only three tanks. This result can be
verified from the first 120 days of 1999 existing data.

case (ii):

Using half of the current production rate (30 MBLLS)

which alters the batch cycle as follows:
30/12 = 2.5 hours for C1 daily batch, leaving 21.5 hours
for C2 daily batches. Therefore, the 4 days cycle splits
into 10:86 batch hours for the C1 and C2 respectively.
With this very low production rate, SIM generates stock
levels of not more than two tanks which is very
consistent.

case (iii):

Using high production rate that equally splits the batch

cycle with C2 into 24:24 hours, SIM consistently
generates the corresponding high need for up to six
tanks.

The program gives results which appear to be absolutely realistic.

At the c u r r e n t rate of inflow, we find that normally three storage
tanks would be needed by C1 in the worst case of the c u r r e n t
practical and realistic situatiom This means a fourth t a n k is to be
available as a spare for maintenance purposes. Rarely, if ever, due
to delayed shipment the f o u r t h tank may be needed, a situation
which may even be avoided by invited shipments or by slowing down
the C1 batches.

131

16

I. CONCLUSION

A simulation technique to determine the optimum t a n k capacity in

port to store incoming oil from field subject to port-closure and nonuniform lifting of oil by ships was developed and implemented.

This .computer simulation model can be used for more than one
purpose :

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

to optimize schedule at the current situation,

to find optimum storage Cequirements at present,
to plan for batch scheduling with changed data in future,
to estimate storage requirement in future with changed
information on production or inflow schedule-

A very important observation is that the present study is based on

data available with us for the past few years. In o r d e r to keep the
system valid and workable for any period of time in future it wouid
not be necessary to rewrite the whole system.
W h a t would be needed will be computation of new p a r a m e t e r s based
on more recent data reflecting change in the pattern of the various
factors and incorporating them in the program.

132

APPENDIX
CASE (i)
base-date..
12
rateofinflow/hr:
day#
closed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

x
x
x

9
10
11
12
13
14

*
x
x
x
*

15

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

+
+

+
+

36

120.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
72.0
168.0
0.0
0.0
24.0
216.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
240.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
216.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
168.0
72.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
72.0
168.0
0.0
0.0
24.0
216.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
240.0
0.0

37
38
39
40

41

0.0

42
43
44

x
x
+

0.0
216.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
168.0
72.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
72.0
168.0
0.0
o.o

45

,~ ~

31; b - s t o c k :
500.0;
nhr-Cl
12.0;
pd-of-sim
in d a y s :
in
out

46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

b8

]33

0.0
0.0
0.0
494.7
245.3
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
554.4
83.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
559.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
312.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
n.O
0.0
116.4
290.1
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
145
0.0
0.0
0.0
291.0
206.0
0.0
O0
O0
15
O0
O0
O0
O0
0.0

:
120

20 ; nhr- C2
cl-stock
620 0
740 0
740 0
245 3
72 0
240 0
240 0
238.5
262.5
478.5
478.5
478.5
478.5
718.5
718.5
718.5
718.5
380.1
321.0
321.0
321.0
489.0
559.5
-0.0
-0.0
120.0
240.0
240.0
240.0
-0.0
168.0
168.0
168.0
190.5
406.5
406.5
290.1
-0.0
240.0
238, 5
238.5
238.5
454. 5.
477.0
477.0
477.0
645.0
426.0
220.0
220.0
340.0
460.0
458.5
458.5
530.5
698.5
698.5
698. 5

80

no.inks
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2

day#
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
ii0
iii
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
19N

closed

+
x
x

X
X
+
+

in

out

0.0
0.0
0.0
240.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
216.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
168.0
72.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
72.0
168.0
0.0
0.0
24.0
216.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
240.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
216.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
168.0
72.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
72.0
168.0
0.0
0.0
24.0
216.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
240.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
216.0
24.0
0.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
292.5
197.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
87.3
320.1
46.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1 5
0 0
0 0
0 0
379 8
270 7
0 0
0 0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
232.8
403.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
203.7
386.3
0.0
134

cl-stock
451 5
451 5
451 5
690 0
690 0
690 0
690 0
906 0
930 0
928.5
928.5
1096.5
876.0
679.0
679.0
799.0
919.0
917.5
917.5
989.5
1070.2
750.1
704.0
728.0
944.0
944.0
944.0
944.0
1184.0
1184.0
1182.5
1182.5
1398.5
1422.5
1042.7
772.0
940.0
1012.0
1012.0
1012.0
1132.0
1252.0
1252.0
1252.0
1324.0
1490.5
1490.5
1257.7
878.0
1094.0
1094.0
1094.0
1092.5
1332.5
1332.5
1332.5
1331.0
1343.3
981.0
981.0

no.tnks
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
.-

3
3
3
3
3
3

APPENDIX
CASE (li)
base-date:
12
31; b - s t o c k : 5 0 0 . 0 ;
12.0;
pd-o flsim
rateofinflow/hr:
in
day#
closed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

x
x
x

34

35

x
x
x
*

+
+

36

37
38
39
4O
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56

57
~ o

+
X
x
+

120 0
0.0
0 0
0.0
120 0
0.0
0 0
0.0
120 0
0.0
0 0
0.0
120 0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0

n h r - C1 :
i0; n h r - C2
in d a y s : 120
out
cl-stock
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
523.8
395.2
0.0
0.0
1,5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0

135

0.0
203.7
331.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
I. 5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
475.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

620.0
620.0
620.0
620.0
740.0
740.0
740.0
738.5
858.5
858.5
858.5
858.5
978.5
454.7
59.5
59.5
179.5
178.0
178.0
178.0
298.0
298.0
296.5
296.5
415.0
415.0
415.0
415.0
331.3
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
120.0
118.5
118.5
118.5
238.5
238.5
238 5
237 0
357 0
357 0
357 0
355 5
475 5
475 5
475 5
-0 0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
238.5
238.5
238.5
238.5
i 358.5
358.5

86

no.tnks
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

day#
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9O
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
I00
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Iii
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120

closed

+
x
x

X
X

+
+

in

out

120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
378.3
188.7
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
320. 1
185.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
116.4
360.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0'
1.5
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
477.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
136

cl-stock
478.5
478.5
478.5
477.0
597.0
218.7
30.0
30.0
150.0
148.5
148.5
148.5
267.0
267.0
267.0
267.0
387.0
385 5
385.5
385.5
505.5
185.4
-0.0
-0.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
240.0
240.0
238.5
238.5
358.5
358.5
357.0
357.0
477.0
360.6
-0.0
-0.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
.240.0
238.5
238.5
238,5
357.0
357.0
357.0
357.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
118.5
118.5
118.5
118.5

no.tnks
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1

APPENDIX
CASE (iii)
b a s e - d a t e : 12
31; b - s t o c k : 5 0 0 . 0 ;
12.0;
pd-of-sim
rateofin1ow/hr:
in
dayU
closed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I0
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

x
x
x

*
x
x
x
*

+
+

+
+

+
x
x
+

~...

180.0
108.0
180.0
108 0
180 0
108 0
180 0
108 0
180 0
108 0
180 0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108 0
180 0
108 0
180 0
108 0
180 0
108 0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108,0

: 24; n h r - C 2 :
nhr-Cl
in d a y s : 120
cl-stock
out
0.0
0.0
0.0
640.2
192.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
465.6
1215.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
494.7
116.3
0.0
0.0

438.0
339.3

~.

137

51.7
0.0
396.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
117.9
378.3
35.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
874.5
118.0
494.7
213.3
0.0
0.0
513.0
87.3
437.7
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

680 0
788 o
968 0
435 8
423 0
531 0
711 0
817 5
997 5
1105 5
1285 5
1393 5
1107 9
-o o
180 0
288.0
468.0
574.5
259.8
251.5
431.5
539.5
281.5
50.2
178.5
286.5
69.6
177.6
357.6
465.6
645.6
753.6
933.6
923.7
725.4
798.1
978.1
1086.1
1266.1
1372.6
1552.6
1660.6
1840.6
1074 1
1136 1
749 4
716 1
824 1
1004 1
599 1
691.8
362.1
540.6
648.6
828.6
936.6
1116.6
1224.6

24
no.tnks
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
3

dayl|
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
7O
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
I00
i01
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
ii0
Iii

112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120

closed

+
x
x

X
X
+
+

out

in
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
i08.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
,_. 1 8 0 . 0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0
180.0
108.0

378.3
158.7
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
87.3
464.7
1.5
0.0
0.0
525.3
I~I. 2

138

0.0
0.0
494.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
232.8
533.2
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
407.4
42.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
633.0
0.0
465.6
123.4
989.4
241.6
0.0
263.4
315. 1
0.0
350.7
679.8
144.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
292. 5
888.0
0.0
0.0

cl-stock

no.tnk

657.3
606.6
786.6
893.1
1073.1
1181.1
13~I.i
1381.8
1097.1
1203.6
1383.6
1491.6
1146.3
1113.1
1293.1
1401.1
1087.1
1193.6
1373.6
1481.6
1661.6
1769.6
1948.1
1823.3
1470.1
1578.1
1758.1
1866.1
2046.1
2154".1
2332.6
2440.6
2620.6
2321.2
2459.1
2567.1
2747.1
2855.1
2402.1
2510.1
2224.5
2209.1
1399.7
1266.1
1446.1
1290.7
1155.6
1263.6
1092.9
521.1
557.1
665.1
843.6

951.6,
1131.6
1239.6
1127.1
347.1
527.1
635. i

2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4

4
3
3
4
4
4
4

5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
3

1
1

i2