PELTON TURBINE VELOCITY TRIANGLES

1. PELTON TURBINE VELOCITY TRIANGLES

A 137 mm diameter jet of water issuing from a nozzle impinges on
the buckets of a Pelton turbine, and is deflected through an angle of
1650 by the buckets. Head available at the nozzle is 400 m.
Assume: Cv = 0.97, speed ratio = 0.46; reduction in relative velocity
= 15 %. Determine
a) Force developed by the jet on the runner

b) Power developed
c) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine

2. PELTON TURBINE VELOCITY TRIANGLES

A Pelton Turbine works under a gross head of 400 m. The jet
diameter is 80 mm and the penstock diameter is 0.6m with length
of 4 km. The buckets deflects the jet through 165 % and reduces
the relative velocity by 15 %. Assume mechanical efficiency of 90%,
determine:
a) Flow rate

b) Shaft power developed by the pump

c) Overall efficiency

PELTON TURBINE DESIGN

3. PELTON TURBINE DESIGN

A Pelton Turbine is required to drive a generator to develop 10 MW
of power. Available head at the nozzle is 760 m. Assume electric

generation efficiency of 95 % and Pelton wheel efficiency of 87%.

The jet after striking the blades, deflects by 1650 with a 15 % loss
in velocity due to blade friction. Assume Cv = 0.97 and Ku = 0.46.
Determine:
a) Flow through Nozzle

b) Diameter of the jet

c) Force exerted by Jet on the bucket
d) Best synchronous speed for generation at 50 Hz;
Corresponding bucket diameter (Jet ratio = 10)

4. PELTON TURBINE DESIGN

Design a Pelton Turbine for the following specifications:
SHP = 9560 kW

Head = 350 m
Speed = 750 rpm
Overall Efficiency = 85 %
Jet ratio (m) = 1/6
Cv = 0.985

Ku = 0.45

FRANCIS TURBINE VELOCITY TRIANGLES

5. FRANCIS TURBINE VELOCITY TRIANGLES

Francis Turbine Inward Flow Reaction Turbine
An inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal diameters

as 0.9 and 0.45 m. Turbine is running at 200 rpm, width of the

turbine at inlet is 200 mm. Velocity of flow through the runner is
constant, and is 1.8 m/s. Guide blades makes an angle of 10 0 at
the inlet, and discharge at the outlet of the turbine is radial. Find:
a) Components of velocity triangle at inlet and outlet

b) Power developed by the runner

c) Hydraulic efficiency

FRANCIS TURBINE DESIGN

6. FRANCIS TURBINE DESIGN

Francis Turbine Inward Flow Reaction Turbine
Design a Francis Turbine for following specifications:

Net head = 60 m
Speed = 700 rpm
Shaft Power = 294.3 kW
Overall Eff. = 84 % ; Hyd. Efficiency = 93 %
Flow ratio = 0.2

Breadth Ratio = 0.2

Outlet Dia = 0.5 Inlet dia
Vane thickness = 5 % of runner circumference
Velocity of flow at inlet and out are the same
Discharge is radial at the outlet

GEOMETRICALLY SIMILAR TURBINES

Specific Speed of a Turbine The speed of a turbine, which is
identical in shape, geometric dimension, blade angle, gate

opening, etc. but of such a size that it develops unit power when
working under unit head

FOR THE SAME TURBINE DIFFERENT CONDITIONS

Unit Speed (Nu) =

Unit Discharge (Qu) =

Unit Power (Pu) =

7. UNIT QUANTITIES
A Turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m at 200 rpm. The

discharge is 9 cumecs. If the overall efficiency is 90 %, determine

the performance of the turbine under a head of 20 m.

8. DRAFT TUBE
In a Francis turbine ,the velocity at the entrance and exit of the
draft tube are 6 m/s and 1.2 m/s. For a friction loss of 0.1 m,
and a tail water of 5 m below the entrance of the draft tube,
determine the pressure at inlet of the draft tube.