Lecture#10

WELDING
Welding is a materials joining process which produces
coalescence of materials by heating them to suitable
temperatures with or without the application of
pressure, and with or without the use of filler material.
Welding is used for making permanent joints.
It is used in the manufacture of automobile bodies,
aircraft frames, railway wagons, machine frames,
structural works, tanks, boilers, general repair work and
ship building.
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ME205 : Machine Drawing

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Lecture#10

WELDING PROCESS TYPES

Plastic Welding or Pressure Welding

The piece of metal to be joined are heated to a plastic
state and forced together by external pressure
(Ex) Solid State Welding
Fusion Welding or Non-Pressure Welding
The material at the joint is heated to a molten state
and allowed to solidify
(Ex) Gas welding, Arc welding

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ME205 : Machine Drawing

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Lecture#10

Classification of welding processes

(i). Arc welding

Carbon arc
Metal arc
Metal inert gas
Tungsten inert gas
Plasma arc
Submerged arc
Electro-slag

(ii). Gas Welding

Oxy-acetylene
Air-acetylene
Oxy-hydrogen

(iii). Resistance Welding

Butt

Spot

Seam

Projection

Percussion
(iv).Thermit Welding
(v). Solid State Welding

Friction

Ultrasonic

Diffusion

Explosive
(vi). Newer Welding

Electron-beam

Laser

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ME205 : Machine Drawing

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Type of Weld

Butt weld : this weld is formed by joining the end surfaces of two plates or rods

Fillet weld : this weld is formed by joining surfaces of plates usually at right angles
by filling metal

Slot welding : To join two plates of large area, slots are made on one plate and
welding is done inside these slots to fill the gap

Plug weld : This joint is similar to slot weld. Here, the slots are replaced by round
holes to form the plugs by welding.

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ME205 : Machine Drawing

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Type of Weld

WELD TERMINOLOGY

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Types of Welded Joints

Butt Joint
Lap Joint
Tee Joint
Corner Joint
Edge Joint

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Types of Welded Joints

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Length of Welded Joints

Depending on the length of weld and portion without

weld, the welds are grouped into different categories
1. Continuous fillet weld

2. Intermittent fillet weld

a) Chain one side

b) Chain both side

c) Staggered

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ME205 : Machine Drawing

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Lecture#10

Edge Preparation
Depending on the thickness of plates and the size
of joint made, the edge of plates are to be prepared
before welding.
Suitable edge preparation ensures proper fusion at
the root of the weld and use of minimum weld metal.
The edge preparation is required mainly for butt
welds of plates having thickness ranging 6 mm to
above

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ME205 : Machine Drawing

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Edge Preparation

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Elementary weld symbols

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Elementary weld symbols

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Combination of elementary symbols

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The difference between Weld symbol

& Welding symbol

Weld symbol indicates the

type of weld and shows
only groove shape
Welding symbol shows the
weld symbol along with
other supplementary
information. 8- elements
are required to represent
welding symbol on
drawings.

Reference line
Arrow
Basic weld symbol
Dimension and other data
Supplementary symbols
Finish symbols
Tail
Specification, process or
other reference

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ME205 : Machine Drawing

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Welding symbol on the drawings

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Welding symbol on the drawings

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Welding symbol on the drawings

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Method -1

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Method -2
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Combination of elementary symbols

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Fillet Welds
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