Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
INGLS DCIMO
CDIGO: 80019
ANTOLOGAS CONED
2011
2011, CONED.
INDEX .
10 LEVEL
1. Achievements of our national athletes
32
45
74
110
137
160
8. Our Democratic
Tradition..
186
200
222
11. Bibliography
225
First unit:
Objectives
Drawing inferences.
Functions:
Reporting and describing events.
Narrating information.
Asking for and giving information about national athletes, their lives and
achievements.
.cycling
.badminton
5
.fishing
golf
.darts
.table-tennis
.running
diving
volleyball
.hockey
.boxing
horse-riding
.motor-racing ...soccer
.football
.ice skating
basketball
... baseball
.tennis
1
0
15
11
12
13
14
16
17
19
20
18
Can you find the following sporting items in the pictures above? Write down
the correct numbers!
___boxing glove
___helmet
___snorkel
6
___flippers.
___running track
___baseball bat
___golf club
___skates
___racing car
___hockey stick
___ basketball
___fishing rod
___saddle
___skis
___target
___basket
___net
___shuttlecock
___bicycle
___darts
___basketball
___tennis racket
___table-tennis
___running shoe
___football
___skiing-stick
___horse
___baseball glove
___badminton racket
Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
1. score
2. team
3. amateur
4. match
5. spectator
6. professional
7. referee
8. crowd
9. player
Sports are very important for many people. If you want to express that someone is
nice, fair and a good friend you say,He is a good sport!
Are you sporting / sportive / sporty/ a sportswoman / a sportsman?
What are your favourite kinds of sports? Write a short text about yourself!
How often do you play it? What equipment do you need to play it?
Massive schools of fish, an amazing array of marine life and an ideal water
temperature throughout the year, has meant that scuba diving conditions in
Costa Rica are near perfect. While some of the Pacific Coast of the country
does not have much to offer, as the underwater visibility is quite low; in places
like Playas del Coco, Playa Hermosa and Playa Ocotal, scuba diving is actually
quite good. Here one gets the opportunity to see giant manta rays, swimming
alongside brightly colored tropical fish and sharks.
One of the best scuba diving zones on the Pacific Coast is off Bahia Drake or
Drake Bay. Visit the Isla del Cao and the Isla del Coco off the bay and you will
be treated to some spectacular underwater sights. These two islands have an
abundance of marine life off their coast, where one can encounter sharks,
turtles and many different species fish. The Isla del Cao is said to be the best
place to scuba dive in the country. Home to 18 species of coral, 3 species of
dolphin and 57 different species of crustaceans, this tiny island is the ultimate
scuba diving spot.
10
2. The
word
stunning
on
line
number
is
synonym
for
the
word________________________
a. Simple
b. Ugly
c. Regular
d. Breath Taking
1. What are some factors that makes Costa Rica an ideal place to practice
diving.
4. Why is it that the Caribbean Coast is not as good as the Pacific Coast?
12
GRAMMAR POINT
WH- QUESTIONS
What
Function
asking for
something
information
asking
for
confirmation
what...for
Example
about
repetition
or
When
Where
Which
Who
Whom
Whose
13
Why
asking
for
what...for
reason,
asking
why don't
making a suggestion
How
Distance
how long
how many
quantity (countable)
How many
there?
how much
quantity (uncountable)
Age
how + adj/adv
how far
how old
how come
(informal)
14
cars
are
Do
They
Go
to school?
When
Does
Mary
watch T.V.?
What
Did
You
Do
What time
Do
They
Why
Does
John
come late?
Who(m)
Did
Ann
Go
with?
How often
Do
They
play
soccer?
yesterday?
Lets Practice!
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. Click on the boxes in the right
hand column and drag them to the appropriate boxes in the left hand column.
Where does George usually
eat lunch? (
)
1. Because
she's
very
mean to me.
2. At 8:30 a.m.
3. In October
.
4. Once a week.
6. About 10 miles.
7. About $500.
8. With my brother.
3. How long ____________it usually take to drive from San Antonio to Dallas?
1.
A: What time __________________ in the morning? (you)
2.
A: When__________________? (Tony)
3.
A: Where___________________? (Randy)
4.
A: Who_________________with? (Anna)
6.
A: How much___________________to get an oil change? (it)
7.
A: What kind of car____________________? (your brother)
8.
A: What_______________________to buy at the mall? (you)
17
18
Reading
Before you read the text think about these questions.
1. Who is Lobito Fonseca?
2. What sport did he practice?
3. What do you know about him and this sport?
Now read Lobito Fonsecas story
Born on September 3, 1981 in San Jos, Costa Rica, Fonseca began riding dirt
bikes at the age of 5. At 12 years old, his natural talent had led him to the
United States for a chance to race in mini-classes where he dominated the
80cc class. At this point, Ernesto decided to move up to the 125cc Pro class,
where the powerhouses of Costa Rican motocross such as Adrian Robert,
Rodolfo Pea, Arnoldo Beeche, and others had a tough battle for the
championship.
At first, there was a little controversy since MotoClub de Costa Rica has a rule,
that the minimum age to ride 125's was 17. In the end M.C.C.R. modified this
rule and Fonseca was perfectly legal in the 125cc class. It was in his first
exhibition race in la Gucima where Fonseca showed his talent by beating
Adrian Robert. From here on, Ernesto and Adrian Robert were the fans
favorites and the all time contenders for the 125cc & 250cc class titles, battling
one each other race after race. Ernesto's dominance also gave him several
125cc Latin American motocross championships. Fonseca kept a busy
schedule competing in winter Olympics and Loretta Lynn's amateur motocross
19
championships where he met his long time friend Ricky Carmichael. In 1999,
Phil Alderton and Erik Kehoe of Yamaha of Troy would hire him to race the
AMA Supercross Series East.
It was just matter of time for Fonseca to step up to AMA motocross. AMA Pro
Racing, and Yamaha of Troy (Y.O.T.), embraced him and made him feel at
home. A confidence boost for Ernesto was also that he was understudy of
names like Jeremy McGrath, Jimmy Button & others.
That season he had certainly proven himself, winning the first five rounds of the
series, and the championship. For this, Fonseca was named the 1999 AMA
Rookie of the Year award and he went on to win the 125 East division
championship (first championship for Yamaha of Troy as a Team) aboard a
Yamaha YZ125R. Ernesto's second season at Y.O.T. was full of struggles as
he adapted from two to four-stroke bikes. In his third season, now accustomed
to his four-stroke bike and the different riding it requires, he went on to win the
west conference championship. He became the first rider to win both East and
West division championships and also the first rider to win Supercross on a
four-stroke.
As AMA rules state a rider must move to the 250cc Supercross class if they've
won two 125cc Supercross championships, Fonseca joined the American
Honda factory racing team in 2002 joining long time friend Ricky Carmichael.
At Honda, Carmichael helped Ernesto immensely, helping him improve in the
outdoor motocross championship. This was reflected by Fonseca usually
finishing in the top five.
Tragically, Fonseca's career came to an end due to a practice crash that broke
cervicals C5, C6 and C7. Ernesto Fonseca, a tough rider, remains a Costa
Rican motocross legend.
Taken from: www.wikipedia.com
20
21
22
Andres Brenes Mata was the only tico cyclist to go to the Olympic Games in
Atlanta. He had a good shot at a medal after winning the silver Panamerican
Games in Mar de Plata Argentina (1995) and the Tour of Costa Rica and
Guatemala.
1. Juan Jose and Melissa ______________________________________.
a. Competed in the Panamerican Games
b. Held the first place in the race
c. Won an Olympic silver medal
d. Are both swimmers
23
Gilbert
Category
Open*
Age
23
Brown
Impressive
Favorite
Fact
Wave
2001-2002
Salsa
National
Brava
Experience
Hometown
14
Puerto Viejo
12
Puerto Viejo
10
Jaco
Champion
Nino
Open*
21
Myrie
2002-2003
Salsa
National
Brava
Champion
and
Pavones
Lisbeth
Womens
Vindas
Bodyboar
Champion
d **
the
24
Womens a
Category
Central
American
Womens
Champion
24
Natalie
Womens
Bernold
Category
13
2005-2006
Avellana
Junior
Beach
Tamarindo
Womens
Champion
Century
21
Coastal
Estates
Charity
Surf
Classic
Include all the categories*
a. Wear spikes
b. use a helmet
c. Wear swimwear
d. practice on a court.
2. Wave refers to _____________ in the chart
25
3. The people in the chart are very young, __, they have lots of experience
a. Nevertheless
b. even
c. however
d. in addition
5. Based only on the chart, you can infer that there _______ in Costa Rica
Based on the previous reading choose the option that best completes the
statements or question.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is __________________________
a.
b.
c.
d.
28
29
Now complete the chart below with the information about the athletes
mentioned in the article.
Athletes name
Occupation
Sport
Achievements
Down
competitions
3.
_______
6. An oxygen tank is needed to
to
the
National
Soccer
Team.
practice _______________
7. To ______ is to move on ice with
8. Tennis is played on a _________
skates
8.
concentration
30
net.
player
hurts
another
soccer?
intentionally
31
Second Topic
32
Objectives
33
There are many kinds of music. Can you match the different styles of music
with some of its most famous and representative singers?
) Country Music
) Heavy Metal
) Rap Music
) Pop Music
1. EMINEM
2. Marck Anthony
3. Carrie Underwood
4. Beyonce
5.
34
35
d. There were changes and difficult situations in some of the bands members
lives
3. The members of the Band Garbanzos are __________ on average
a. Teenagers
b. 10 years old
c. 28 years old
d. 38 years old
4. The Band is going to play ____________ during the concert
a. Only their new material
b. A mixture of their new and old songs
c. The music that made them famous ten years ago
d. Fourteen songs from their album Algo en la Vida
Read the following text
Jacques who? Who is he?
A writer and a musician, Jacques Sagot has become one of the most
prominent personalities in the cultural panorama in Costa Rica. Feeling this
passion for both kinds of art, Sagot studied music and became of the most
celebrated pianist Costa Rica has ever had.
As a writer, he prefers to write short stories and articles for newspapers.
Among his works, we can find Cuentos Magicos y Goticos (Magic and the
Gothic Tales) published in 1998, where the writer bases his tales on fantasy.
Cuentos de Plenilunio (Full Moon Tales) published in 2001, is his second
book. This time the author remains faithful to the narrative style and fantastic
world shown in his previous publication.
Besides these two books, Sagot has published a work titled Ella (She) and
the first volume of Pensamiento en forja (Thoughts under Construction),
37
whose second volume was released last year. In these two volumes, he
compiles the articles he has published on page 15 for La Nacion from 1988 to
the present. So the next time you listen to this uncommon name, you will
know who this prolific artist is.
Choose the correct option that completes each sentence based on the
reading above.
1. The text emphasizes to the work of Sagot as _________
a. A pianist mostly
b. A writer exclusively
c. A journalist in La Nacion
d. Booth a musician and a writer
2. In his second book Sagot ________________
a. Writes magic and gothic stories
b. Tries a new way to write short stories
c. Keeps a similar style and topic as in his first book
d. Continues with the second volume of his first book
3. The two volumes of Pensamiento en Forja have been __________
a. Released in 2006
b. Considered fantastic
c. Published by La Nacion
d. Written from 1988 to the present
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
Arts Fest will Go On
Organizers of the beleaguered Festival of the Arts, set to begin this weekend in
Limon, were plowing forward at press time, despite a local strike which
38
1. The organizers of the Festival of the Arts fear that the ________affects it.
a. Strike in Limon
b. Absence of music
c. Schedule in Cahuita
d. Low quality of music
2. The Festival of Arts lasts ________________
a. Nine days
b. Nineteen days
c. Almost 15 days
d. About two weeks
39
b. Colombia
c. Nicaragua
d. Guatemala
2. Rodrigo Penalba inspired Rafa Fernandez to ____________________
a. Study at the Casa del Artista
b. Accept a scholarship
c. Use tone and color
d. Go to Spain
3. Rafa Fernandez _____________________ in Spain
a. Studied with Mr. Penalba
b. Got his style and expression
c. Gained international distiction
d. Worked in the Circle of Fine Arts
4. Rafa Fernandez paints ____________________
a. Human figures
b. Antique figures
c. Typical portraits
d. Colored photographs.
Read the text. Choose the best alternative to answer the questions.
The three-time Grammy award winning musical trio Editus realized their vision
with the opening of the Editus Arts Academy. The Academy has 50 students,
and Ednin Solis expects 400 students to be enrolled, working within a broad
range of musical styles. Solis vision for the academy and the types of courses
offered is similar to the trios music: a blend of style from across the musical
spectrum.
Editus, an all-instrumental group, works in parallel with classical and
contemporary music, Solis said. In keeping with that style, the academy has
41
tried to break from the traditional concept of formal musical training and expand
the focus from solely classical to styles such as rock, jazz, Latin and electronic.
Not limited to music or convention, the academy lends its unique perspective to
Costa Rican artist in the field of theater, dance, painting, literature, film and
poetry through workshops.
1. Whats Editus main achievement? They ______________________
a. Launched an academy
b. Play instrumental music
c. Won the Grammy Award
d. Got a national trophy twice
2. Whats Editus expectation? To ________________
a. Have hundreds of students
b. Enroll fifty students
c. Open an academy
d. Found a new trio
3. What kind of music does Editus play?
a. A mix of styles
b. Formal music
c. Choral music
d. autochthon
4. What type of courses does Editus offer in their academy? Courses _____
a. Specialized in formal music
b. On musical instruments
c. On sculpture and design
d. In different art fields.
42
Sarchi
Costa Rica is full of delightful places, but Sarchi stands out for the precision,
skill, charm and crafts of its arts which are the best in Costa Rica. Sarchi is
alson known for its carpentry. Josefinos come here to buy skillfully crafted
wooden chairs, tables and beds. These things might be a bit impractical for
foreign visitors to take home, but there are leather comfortable and wood
rocking chairs that can be folded to transport. Beautiful and useful bowls,
plates, cutting boards, napkin holders and the like of all made of native
hardwoods, are also available.
43
The pretty town of Sarchi is most famous for the brightly colored, artfully
painted oxcarts, in all sizes, that are made there. Visitors are welcome to enter
the fbricas de carretas and watch the master artist at work on miniature
versions of the carretas which are famous worldwide.
Third Topic
45
Objectives
Typical food:
Functions:
Convincing people to do something.
46
Look at these two recipes. One of them is to prepare chili con carne and
the other is to prepare pancakes. Arrange them according to the recipe.
Ingredients:
Directions:
Simmer uncovered for 45 minutes.
is completely mixed.
Once the vegetables are cooked,
brown.
1/2 tsp salt 1 lb ground beef
2 eggs
47
Now write the ingredients and procedures appropriately for each recipe.
Chili con Carne
Ingredients:
Procedures:
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
Pancakes
Ingredients:___________________ Procedures:_______________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
____________________________
_________________________
48
Fruit Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Grapes
Pineapples
Bananas
Apples
Peaches
Pears
Apricots
Plums
9. Grapefruit
10. Oranges
11. Lemons
12. Limes
13. Tangerines
14. Avocadoes
15. Cantaloupes
16. Cherries
17. Strawberries
18. Raspberries
19. Blueberries
20. Papayas
21. Mangoes
22. Coconuts
23. Nuts
49
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Watermelon
Dates
Prunes
Raisins
Not ripe
Ripe
Rotten
Vegetables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Lettuce
Cabbage
Carrots
Zucchini
Radishes
Beets
Sweet
peppers
8. Chili
peppers
9. Celery
10. Parsley
11. Spinach
12. Cucumbers
13. Squash
14. Turnips
15. Broccoli
16. Cauliflower
17. Scallions
18. Eggplants
19. Peas
20. Artichokes
21. Potatoes
22. Yams
50
23. Tomatoes
24. Asparagus
25. String beans
26. Mushrooms
27. Corn
28. Onions
29. Garlic
Beef
1. Roast Beef
2. Steak
3. Stewing
beef
Beef ribs
Pork
6. Veal
cutlets
9. Ham
10. Pork chops
7. Liver
11. Bacon
8. tripe
12. Sausage
4. Ground
5. Beef
51
Lamb
13. Lamb
Shanks
14. Leg
lamb
15. Lamb
chops
of
Poultry
16. Chicken
19. breasts
22. drumsticks
17. Turkey
20. wings
23. gizzards
18. duck
21. thighs
24. raw
chicken
25. Cooked
chicken
52
1. Bottle
2. Jar
3. Can
4. Carton
5. Container
6. Box
13. A bottle of
soda
14. a jar
15. a can
soup
of
16. a carton of
eggs
17. a container
of cottage
cheese
18. a box
cereal
of
19. a bag
flour
of
20. a package
of cookies
7. Bag
8. Package
9. Six-pack
10. Loaf
11. Roll
12. Tube
53
of
23. a roll
paper
towels
of
24. a tube of
toothpaste
11
10
13
12
10
11
12
9
8
54
Across
Down
9. A white liquid
Cooking Vocabulary
Match the words with the according picture.
a
Pour
Stir
Cut
Fry
Grill
Melt
Peel
f
g
Bake
i
Add
Boil
Chop
Brownies
Recipe taken from:
http://www.cacaoweb.net/brownies.html
Ingredients
1+1/3 cup _____________________
1+ cup _______________________
4 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
cup (170 g) ______________________
3 fl oz (0.9 dl) boiling _________________
3 ____________________
4 oz (120 g) ___________________
5 oz (150 g) chopped walnuts or pecan nuts
Frosting
1/3 cup (75 g) ___________________
8 oz (220 g) sweet or semisweet _______________________
2 tablespoon light corn syrup
2 tablespoon hot espresso or very strong coffee
56
Method
Preheat
Line a 13 x 9 in (33 x 23 cm) cake tin with grease proof or other non-stick paper
and grease the tin. Put it in the ________________________
Add
_________ melted
____________,
, cocoa powder,
Cool the
__________________
______________________frosting.
57
Glace
with
the
roasted
boiled
baked
___________________
______________________
_________________
_______________________
fried
______________________________
Read the following recipe by writing the appropriate verb. Use the words on
the box to complete it.
Chocolate Cake
Beat
4 oz of sugar
Pour
4 oz of flour
Cut
4 oz of butter
Add (twice)
1 bar of chocolate
Mix (twice)
2 eggs
Melt
tsp vanilla
Bake
59
Food Adjectives
Bland
Sweet
Sour
green
Cylindrical
Indian
Round
Spicy
Hot
Cold
Oval
Italian
soft
Crumbly
Creamy
Delicious
Japanese
Crunchy
oily
Crispy
Cream white
Hard
Fluffy
Chinese
Chewy
Disgusting
purple
Taste
sweet
Shape
Colour
round
green
60
Texture
chewy
origin
Chinese
Food
Taste
Color
61
Shape
Texture
Tamales:
Pati:
Hamburguers:
Hot Dogs:
64
65
Now based on the e-mail read the sentences and write if theyre True or
False. Write (T) or (F) or NG if the information is not given.
Statement
Becky is a good cook
T/F/NG
Imagine you invite a Canadian friend for lunch. Write a well-balanced, typical
Costa Rican menu.
66
Read the text and choose the best alternative that best completes each
sentence
Costa Rica Style with a Chorreador de Caf
We are well acquainted with the traditional way of coffee brewing. Our coffee
machines are quite popular throughout the country, many of us are still using the
traditional chorreador de cafe. You will find those at the Central Market or just email
us,
we
usually
have
on
stock
ask
for
information
at
costaricatours@earthlink.net
The Costa Rican method is simple. All you need is a wooden stand with a round
hole at the top. There you place a cloth filter to hold the ground coffee (two
tablespoons of fine ground coffee per cup). Bring water to a boil and pour it down
the filter and into the coffeepot, which has been placed underneath the cloth filter.
It is critically important to bring water to a boil; otherwise coffee will lose its aroma
and flavor properties.
1. The use of chorreador de caf is very ________ in Costa Rica?
a. Ancestral
b. Restricted
c. Uncommon
d. Inexpensive
2. The chorreador de cafe __________
a. Is made by costaricatours@earthlink.net
b. Has a hole on the base
c. Is made of wood
d. Boils water
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
Tico food is neither spicy nor, in many respects unfamiliar. It is built around the
basis of rice, beans, corn, vegetables, meat, chicken or fish and usually served
with corn tortillas. Breakfast typically features a delicious mixture of rice and black
beans known as gallo pinto which may be accompanied by eggs, corn tortillas
and sour cream. Calorie counters may prefer a tropical fruit plate of papaya,
watermelon, pineapple, bananas and, in season, mango or cantaloupe. Casados,
popular at midday, are huge plates of white rice, beans, fried plantains, salad,
cheese, diced vegetables and your choice of meat, chicken or fish. Hearty soups
are a favorite for dinner. Commonly served desserts include caramel or coconut
flan, several type of pudding, and a cake called tres leches. The fresh fruit
drinks, are flavorful and healthy. Any kind of fruit, from strawberries to mango, is
mixed in a blender with crushed ice, either water or milk and a little honey or
sugar.
Adapted from Costa Rica Horizons
68
Creative Cooking
By Christine Dietz The Tico Times Staff
Flat Bread
(Makes 2-3 flat loaves)
5 cups wheat flour
5 tbsp dry yeast
tsp. salt
69
a. You need 12 peeled and cubed large potatoes, two finely chopped onions,
70
two pounds of processed cheese, one pound of cubed ham, ground black
pepper, 3 tablespoons of all purpose flour; one cup of milk and water.
b. And how do you prepare this special soup?
First, you place the potatoes, onions, and cubed ham in a large pot; a cover
them with water. Then, you cook the potatoes until theyre almost tender.
Remove about one cup of cooked potatoes and mash in a bowl with the back
of the fork. So, you add some of the liquid from the pot along with the flour and
cheese until you have a thick paste. Add this back to the pot. Finally, let the
soup boil and add pepper to taste.
1. How many ingredients does the person use to prepare the recipe?
a. Twenty
b. Eleven
c. Eight
d. Ten
71
72
Fourth Topic
73
Objectives
Criticizing.
74
Holidays Vocabulary
8. Fireworks
15. Thanksgiving
2. Parade
9. Flag
16. Feast
3. Confetti
10. Halloween
17. Turkey
4. Valentines Day
11. Jack-o-lantern
18. Christmas
5. Card
12. Mask
19. Ornament
6. Heart
13. Costume
7. Independence Day
or 4th of July
14. Candy
A. Plan a party
E. Hide
B. Invite Guess
Birthday
C. Decorate the
G. Shout Surprise!
J. Make a wish
K. Blow
out
candles
house
I. Sing Happy
D. Wrap a gift
the
75
Barranquillas Carnival
This carnival is celebrated in Barranquilla,
Colombia. It is on the second weekend in
February. Colombians have four famous
events in the carnival: The Battle of the
Flowers, The Great Parade, The
Orchestra Festival and the Vallenato
Festival. They finish the carnival with the
death of Joselitos Carnival
76
Where do they
celebrate it?
Rio de
Brazil
When do they
celebrate it?
How do they
celebrate it?
Janeiro
On November 2nd
Barranquillas
Carnival
April Fools Day
dancing
sending cards
candy
Desserts
chicken
putting on a costume
Halloween
Receiving gifts
Thanksgiving
Christmas
Activities
cake
Food
77
Celebration
Jane is talking to her mom, Kate. She couldnt be with her family on
Thanksgiving. Read their conversation
a. Hello,Mom
b. Hi, darling. Did you call me this morning?
a. Yes I did. But you werent at home. Mom, Im really sorry that I couldnt be
with you last Thursday for Thanksgiving.
b. What happened?
a. Well, I didnt book my flight in advance from Washington to Tallahassee.
When I went to the airport all the tickets had been sold. What did you do on
Thanksgiving?
b. Dad, Mary and Sally were at home. We all prayed and had dinner together.
We ate turkey, cranberries, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie. It was a
wonderful evening.
a. Sounds great! I just stayed at the university dormitories with two friends of
mine. In the morning, there was a mass at the university chapel and I went
with them
b. I hope you come next year
a. I promise. Ill see you in December, Mom.
b. Bye, sweetie.
Check Jane or Kate to specify who did each action
Jane
She
couldnt
fly
to
Washington
She went to a mass
She
prayed
with
her
family
She
ate
thanksgiving
dinner
78
Kate
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a
specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the
specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These
actions happened 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
79
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and
met the others at 10:00.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A
duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years,
for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
A:
How
long
did
you
wait
for
them?
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It
can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking
about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never,
when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
80
Examples:
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which
are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar
to the expression "used to."
Examples:
Here you can see examples of the past form and base form for irregular
verbs and regular verbs:
V1
V2
V3
base
past
past participle
regular
work
worked
worked
verb
like
liked
liked
ends in -ed.
irregular
go
went
gone
verb
see
saw
seen
irregular verbs is
81
sing
sang
sung
variable.
You
need to learn it by
heart.
You do not need the past
participle form to make the
simple past tense. It is
shown
here
for
completeness only.
The structure for positive sentences in the simple past tense is:
The structure for negative sentences in the simple past tense is:
Base
The structure for question sentences in the simple past tense is:
Base
The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all persons (I did,
you did, he did etc). And the base form and past form do not change. Look
at these examples with the main verbs go and work:
subject auxiliary verb
main verb
+ I
You
-
went
to school.
worked
very hard.
She
Did
not go
with me.
We
Did
not work
yesterday.
? Did
You
go
82
to London?
Did
They
work
at home?
main verb
Was
here.
I, he/she/it
Was
not there.
in London.
not happy.
I, he/she/it
right?
late?
Exercises
Change the verbs in the following sentence into past tense.
1. Yesterday, I go to the restaurant with a client.
____________________________________________________________
2. We drive around the parking lot for 20 minutes in order to find a parking
space.
___________________________________________________________
3. When we arrive at the restaurant, the place is full.
4. This morning before coming to class, Jack eats two bowls of cereal.
84
my
uniform.
He
said
it
was
never imagined the x-ray room would be at the far end of the corridor. Luckily no
one was around. But when I finished my x-ray, it was already 12 and the gates
were thrown open for the girls to come in. They were chatting among themselves
when suddenly they saw me.
I was shocked and having nowhere to go, I ran back to the x-ray room, where
they had already shut the door saying "LUNCH TIME".
85
Practically every girl who had turned up saw me naked. To make things worse my
clothes were all in the dressing room, which was now occupied with girls so I
couldnt go there too. At last 2 matrons came and dragged me by my arms right
through the crowd. I still feel mortified by that incident.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d)
.____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
86
e)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Complete the sentences with the Simple past of the given verbs.
a) The teacher ______________________ (take) him to the boys room.
b) The girls ___________________________ (see) him naked
c) He ________________________________ (ask) questions.
d) He ._____________________________ (finish) the medical exams.
e) He ______________________________ (go) home.
Fill in with the Past Simple of the given verbs:
1. Do
2. Go
3. Big
4. Put
5. Start
6.Begin
7.Tell
8.Buy
9.Think
10.Cry
11.Understand
12.Write
13.Read
88
14.Smile
15.Eat
16.Speak
17.Drink
18.Bring
19.Like
20.Cook
21.Run
22.Hear
23.Cut
24.Walk
25.Catch
26.Wake up
27.Sleep
28.Play
29.Say
30.Fall
31.Study
32.Get
33.Feel
34.Miss
35.Work
36. Wash
37.Travel
38.Fly
89
39.Feed
40.Watch
loved
person,
Word
(
boyfriend,
) gift
) to cut out
) exchange
) wallpaper
) sweetheart
(
90
) to stand
7. To
remove
something
from
) to bake
Work. To do it, people put their names in a bag and then they take out a different
name to give him/her a present. At the end of the game, they try to identify who
his/her secret friend was.
Do
celebrated
Had
gift
Gave
cake
Candy
prepared
Write the words below in the appropriate group. You can repeat words.
Cake
turkey
Christmas
Cards
candy
Halloween
Tricks
costume
birthday
tree
lights
carols
Christmas
5.
2
1
2
1
3
C
O
M
P
5
L
E
T
E
93
DOWN
ACROSS
1. Incomplete
1. Light
2. Happiness
2. Sad
3. Untidy
3. Dirty
4. Old
4. Fast
5. Interesting
5. High
Before reading
Do you know how do people celebrate Christmas in other countries?
Write an example.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Reading
Scan the text to get specific information and fill in the chart.
Christmas Eve
Native
American
British People
People
Latin American
People
Date of the
Celebration
Typical Food and
Customs
Christmas
Christmas a religious holiday reminds Christians the story of an angel who
94
On
December
21st,
the
Latin
America,
people
th
December 24 with a special dinner, fireworks and presents. In England and the
U.S.A, they celebrate it on December 25th.The sit by the Christmas Tree and
open presents that day. In England, there is a Christmas lunch with its traditional
turkey and Christmas pudding. In the States, there is a special dinner with turkey
or ham and desserts like pies.
In
Europe,
Saint
Nicholas,
Father
Christmas
or
Sinter
leaves
the
presents
for
custom, too.
95
Writing
Choose the holiday or celebration of the year you like the most.
Brainstorm for ideas in the diagram below, if necessary draw more lines.
When
What
(activities)
Where
(place)
HOLIDAY
Who (you
How
(Preparations)
and who
else)
Why
(Reasons)
Read the following information and choose the alternative that best answers
each question.
The annexation is not the only fiesta happening in the northern province of
Guanacaste. Right now, the town of Liberia is celebrating the golden anniversary
of the annual ExpoLiberia fair.
Now in its 50th the fair is sponsored by the Livestock Breeders Group of Liberia,
started on July 18 and will continue until the end of the month.
Featuring bullfights, horse shows and concert, the festival offers an opportunity for
horse breeders to show off and sell their stock. Rodeos, bullfights and horse
shows are the stars of Liberia Festival.
This year, Adolfo Rivas, secretary of the livestock breeders group, said that groups
of breeders from Nicaragua were also coming to show their horses.
96
We have a history of raising horses, Rivas said. Horses were here before
Spaniards arrived
The festival will continue until Saturday, July 27. For more information, contact the
Livestock breeders Group of Liberia at 2666-2469
1.
2.
3.
97
4.
Read the Information and choose the alternative that best answers each
question
Days of Importance
Rash Hashanah is traditionally celebrated with snacks and apples and
honey, symbolizing the hope of a sweet new year. It is a day to give
and ask for forgiveness and promise to make changes.
The shofar, a rams horn blown like a trumpet, is sounded 100 times
as a call for repentance, and the Torah scrolls are removed twice
during the services
Tradition says that on Rosh Hashanah, God inscribes all names in the
book of life, and on Yom Kippur the book is sealed with Gods
judgments.
Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement, is observed 10 days after the
celebration of Rosh Hashanah. It is a somber way to atone for the sins
of the year by fasting, not working and praying and cleansing the spirit.
It is also a day to forgive each other and begin anew.
Yom Kippur services end with an extended blowing of the shofar and
proclaiming Next Year in Jerusalem.
Amanda Schoenberg- The Tico Times, September 19, 2003
1.
2.
3.
99
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
101
Youre invited to
the
National
Sports Day on
March 30th, 2007.
In
Metropolitan
Park, La Sabana
Starting at 8 am
with
the
group
102
Thanksgiving
September 1620. One hundred and two men, women and children,
known as the Puritans, left the port in Plymouth in England. Their
goal was to reach the Promised Land: a place where they could build
a new community. The Mayflower was the name of the old ship that
took them through a stormy voyage. For two months they sailed until
they landed in America, in Cape Cod (now in the State of
Massachusetts) and settled near that place. They called their colony
Plymouth Plantation.
103
At the very beginning things were really hard. Half of them died
during the first winter because they did not have the right equipment
or facilities to survive. However, the other half survived because of
the local American Indians helped them: the Indians taught them
how to grow corn pumpkins and beans, how to hunt deer and turkeys
and fish.
A year passed. The colonist (now called pilgrims) got their first
harvest. So thankful they were to the Indians and God for their
survival that they invited their native friends to a great feast.
This is the
Day.
Today
people
the
United
104
106
Holiday or Festival
When is it?
107
Traditions or things
that happen
FIFTH TOPIC
108
Objectives
Natural resources:
We should ____.
A solution could be ____.
I think/believe that ____.
I agree/don't agree ____.
It's better to ____.
What about ____, etc.
____ may be correct ____.
I would ____. etc.
Functions:
Instructing others to do something.
Stating cause and effect.
Expressing opinions
109
Trash Can
Deforestation
Reforestation
Littering
Ozone Layer
110
Recycle
Can you name another?
____ Floods
____Fire
____Volcano Eruption
4
____ Litter
____Hurricane
____ Earthquake
____ Smoke
____Sound Pollution
____Sewage
10
11
12
13
14
15
111
1. The Amazon rainforest has been facing the problem of _____________. Too
many trees have been cut down.
2. Many countries face great __________ because of the constant rain. Many people die
and others lose their belonging.
3. In Africa people face constant __________. It hardly rains there.
4. ____________ is the worldwide warming of the atmosphere.
5. People shouldn`t put their __________ everywhere. They should put it in the
rubbish bin.
6. When there is a ______________ many people have to leave their homes because
of the dust and the lava that is released.
7. _______________ causes the death of many fish and sea animals and plants.
8. In Australia many people died because of the great ________ fires that devastated
some places.
9. Many factories release __________ into the atmosphere through their chimneys.
112
List of Words
Air
animals
away
cars
earth
environment
hurts
insects
litter
noise
rags
trees
turn
ugly
everyone
Fish
give
glut
Off
people
plants
Waste
water (2 times)
Across
Down
------------
Save them.
13)
--------
-----
have
----
----|---
environment clean.
-----
to
----
-------
-----
their ears.
survive.
.
18) People, animals, and
------
live on
earth.
them
----
----
Too many
environment.
113
------
---
in the
environment.
17) Many birds eat -------.
24) Emissions from ---- can make the air 20. Save resources; dont be a ----.
dirty
www.meskwaki.org/.../Natural%20Resources%20Environmental%20Crossword%20Puzzle.
Meaning
Example sentence
Ban
Carpool
clear cut or
chop down
Compost
Commute
Consume
114
Dnate
Emit
Fertilize
Minimize
Pollute
preserve
Protect
Protest
Recycle
Reduce
use less
Reuse
use again
throw away
use up
Waste
115
Now lets practice the vocabulary. Choose the correct option to complete the
sentence
1
You can __________plastic bags over and over until they get holes in them.
a. Reuse
b. resume
c. reduce
d. reproduce
Americans _______ many products that are sold with excess packaging.
a. Chop down
b. consume
c. protect
d. pollute
Instead of throwing away your clothes, _______them to a used clothing store or thrift
shop.
a. Use up
b. consume
c. emit
d. donate
They are__________in order to make room for the new theatre complex.
a. Clear cutting
b. protecting
c. reducing
d. using up
Though the city is growing, they are doing a good job of ________the countryside.
a. Reusing
b. preserving
c. minimizing
d. recycling
116
We will _____________if the green initiatives do not get approved at the meeting.
a. Protect
b. prevent
c. provide
d. protest
10
Exhaust from cars ____________ the atmosphere and causes global warming.
a. Emits
b. pollutes
c. preserves
d. conducts
Taken from:http://www.englishclub.com/environment/environmental-verbs-quiz.htm
Synonyms
1. Rubbish
) Menaced
2. Provide
) Give
3. Destroyed
) Damaged
4. Threatened
) Waste material
Opposites
1. More
) passive
2. Clean
) less
3. Active
) death
4. Life
) dirty
118
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Tall
taller
Tallest
Old
older
Oldest
Long
longer
Longest
119
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Large
larger
Largest
Wise
wiser
Wisest
Final e
Comparative
Superlative
Form
Form
Big
bigger
Biggest
Thin
thinner
Thinnest
Fat
fatter
Fattest
Two-syllable adjectives.
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the
superlative with most.
Two-Syllable Adjective
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Peaceful
more peaceful
most peaceful
Pleasant
more pleasant
most pleasant
Careful
more careful
most careful
Thoughtful
more thoughtful
most thoughtful
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
happier
Happiest
121
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Angry
angrier
Angriest
Busy
busier
Busiest
with -y
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Narrow
narrower
Narrowest
Gente
gentler
Gentlest
The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.
122
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Generous
more generous
most generous
Important
more important
most important
Intelligent
more intelligent
most intelligent
Syllables
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Good
Better
Best
Bad
Worse
Worst
Far
Farther
Farthest
Little
Less
Least
123
Irregular Adjective
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Many
More
Most
Comparative Form
Superlative Form
Clever
cleverer
Cleverest
Clever
more clever
most clever
Gente
gentler
Gentlest
Gente
more gentle
most gente
Friendly
friendlier
Friendliest
Friendly
more friendly
most friendly
Quiet
quieter
Quietest
Quiet
more quiet
most quiet
Simple
simpler
Simplest
Simple
more simple
most simple
124
Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.
Big dogs are more gentle than small dogs.
Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the most gentle.
Now lets Practice
1. Mount Everest is__________than Cerro Aconcagua. (high)
2. I like music. To me, music is _______________(interesting) than
maths.
3. Cheetahs are__________than tigers or lions. (fast)
4. The Parana is a long river...The Amazon is longer. But the Nile is
the________in the world.
5. Mariah Carey is a bit _________ than Madonna. (young)
6. This Ferrari is the____________ expensive car in the world!
7. Which is the heaviest? Gold, silver or aluminum? "Gold is the________ of
the three"
8. The giraffe is______________than the elephant. (tall)
9. Laurel and Hardy were____________than the Simpson" (funny)
10. Albert Einstein was ___________than our former president..."Anyone was"
(intelligent)
11. Pluto is____________than Mars (cold)
12. Mercury is the____________planet to the Sun. (close)
13. The Atacama Desert is__________than the Amazonian region. (dry)
14. The Saharan desert is the ____________ one in the world. (big)
15. A horse lives longer than a dog...But a tortoise lives the___________
125
The Earth
Our planet The Earth is the third planet from the sun. The
Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar system.
The Earth has 7 continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South
America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia is the (1)
largest continent. Australia is the (2) smallest.
There are about 195 countries in the world, but
no-one can agree on the exact number.
Russia is the (3) largest country. Vatican City is
the (4) smallest. Ukraine is the largest country in
Europe. Malta is the smallest country in Europe.
China has the largest population in the world with
1,335,960,000 people. The smallest population is found on the Pitcairn Islands
with only 50 people.
The (5) smallest city in the United Kingdom, is in Wales, it is called St David's and
the Cathedral Close. The second smallest city in the UK is the City Of London!
(not to be confused with Greater London). The City Of London is roughly 1 square
mile and is where London started.
Tokyo in Japan is the (6) most expensive city in the world to live. Johannesburg in
South Africa is the (7) cheapest city in the world to live.
Natural facts:
Mount Everest is the (8) highest mountain in the world and is 8,848 metres above
sea-level.
126
Baikal is the (9) deepest lake in the world. Baikal is in Russia and is 1,637 metres
deep.
Man-made facts:
The Weihe Grand Bridge is the (10) longest bridge in the world. The Weihe Grand
Bridge is in China and is 79,732 metres long.
The Burj Khalifa is the (11) tallest building in the world. The Burj Khalifa is in Dubai
and is 828 m tall.
The Delaware Aqueduct in the USA is the (12) longest tunnel in the world and is
137 km long. An Aqueduct is something that carries water from one place to
another.
References from:
www.wikipedia.com
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html
Superlatives exercise
Complete the sentences based on the previous reading and choose the most
suitable adjective from the box.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. The Weihe Grand Bridge is the _________ bridge in the world.
11. The Burj Khalifa is the _________ building in the world.
12. The Delaware Aqueduct is the _________ tunnel in the world.
127
Read the following letter. Fill in the blanks with words from the column on
the left.
Wildlife
Tourist spot
Sewage
Pollution
Urban
Health
Scaring
Crocodiles
Environmental
High
Deep
Long
Large
Small
Large
Tall
Long
Small
Small
expensive
Cheap
128
The 4 Rs
Reduce
Reuse
repairing
damaged
appliances,
using
empty
Recycle
and
German
August
Mobius.
You
can
one
edge,
was
mathematician
paper strip giving it a half twist and then gluing the ends of the strip together to
form a single strip.
How can we put into practice the 4 Rs? Lets talk a little a bit about paper. To
reduce pollution and save innumerable trees, forest habitants and biodiversity, it is
vital to use less paper products. When we have to use them, we should try to
reuse them (for example, write on both sides of a sheet). And it is imperative to
use recycled paper.
Recycled paper can be manufactured from 100% pre-consumer waste (made out
of paper scraps that have never been used and are left over after the paper
129
manufacturing process), 100% post costumer waste (PCW) (made out of paper
that has been used by the consumer), and a mixture of the two. The higher the
PCW percentage, the better.
100% recycled, 85% PCW means that the paper is 100% recycled, with 15% preconsumer waste and 85% post- consumer waste. 50% recycled 30% PCW means
that the paper is 50% recycled, with 20% pre-consumer waste and 30% postconsumer waste
Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences based on the
previous text.
1. The 4Rs concept refers to the problem of _____________________
a. Garbage
b. Reducing
c. Industries
d. Landfill gas
2. Repairing an appliance instead of buying a new one is an example of ____
a. Reusing
b. Recycling
c. Reducing
d. Recovering
3. August Mobius discovered ___________________
a. The half twist
b. The process of recycling
c. The concept of pre-consumer content
d. A band with only one side and one edge
130
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a few organisms
131
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
"Earth Song"
I used to dream
Is there a time
What about all the things
shores?
I need you
Is there a time
(ooo, ooo)
(ooo, ooo)
(ooo, ooo)
(ooo, ooo)
Do we give a damn
133
What do you think is the most important or biggest problem mentioned in the
song?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
134
Sixth Topic
135
Objectives
Noting key items or interpreting the gist in messages, dialogues and basic
personal information.
Content
Tourist attractions:
Would you_______ ?
136
Samara Beach
This beach is gaining in popularity and
has a reputation of being one of the most
attractive and safest beaches in Costa
Rica. The white-sand beach offers gentle
waters, but has less shade and wildlife
than other beaches in the area.
Snorkelling,
diving,
kayaking
and
sportfishing are popular activities.
Hobbies & Activities category: Beach;
Scuba or snorkel opportunity; Fishing
opportunity;
Swimming
&
water
activities;
River rafting, canoeing,
kayaking
Tortuguero
The inland, Intercoastal Waterway offers
access to the northern Caribbean coast.
Generally, travelers embark from the port
of Mon and continue to Tortuguero
National Park and beyond. By 1974,
canals had been connected to existing
natural waterways thus linking the entire
system.
Today, it is no longer necessary to go
offshore in order to travel north, a much
safer alternative. Apart from being the
most convenient way to travel in the
region, riding the Intercoastal Waterway
offers travelers another option for
observing scenery and wildlife.
Hobbies & Activities category: Boating,
sailing, water craft activities; Dam,
bridge, lock, waterway
137
1.
Why is Arenal Observatory Lodge look for people to stay when they
visit Arenal?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3.
Write some reasons why Samara Beach is a great place for a vacation?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4.
What are some hobbies and activities you can enjoy in Samara Beach?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5.
Tortuguero?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
138
Alojamiento
admission fee
costo de la entrada
Brochure
Folleto
camping site
alquiler de autos
alquiler de autos
estacionamiento
centro de la ciudad
Cruise
Crucero
double room
habitacin doble
downtown (US)
centro de la ciudad
Flight
Vuelo
Fortnight
Quincena
Guesthouse
casa de huspedes,
pensin
Guide
Gua
hiking trail
sendero de caminata
holidays (GB)
vacaciones
Holidaymaker
veraneante, turista
Hostel
Hostal
Hotel
Hotel
hotel chain
cadena de hoteles
Inn
Posada
motor-home
casa rodante
viaje de ida
package deal
Paquete
estacionamiento
Resort
lugar de vacaciones
Season
Temporada
sightseeing tour
viaje de ida
139
single room
habitacin simple
ski resort
estacin de esqu
sun lotion
bronceador
Sunglasses
gafas de sol
Sunblock
filtro solar
Sunburn
quemadura de sol
theme park
parque de diversiones
time-sharing
tiempo compartido
tour operator
empresa de viajes
tourist office
oficina de turismo
travel agency
agencia de viajes
travel agent
agente de viajes
vacation (US)
vacaciones
waiting list
lista de espera
youth hostel
albergue juvenil
to book
Reservar
to confirm
Confirmar
to drive
Conducir
to fly
Volar
to go on holiday (GB),
vacation (US)
irse de vacaciones
to go abroad
irse al extranjero
to go camping
ir de camping
to go climbing
ir a escalar
to go hiking
to go mountaineering
hacer alpinismo
to go sightseeing
to go skiing
ir a esquiar
to go swimming
ir a nadar
to go to the beach
ir a la playa
pasarlo bien
pasarlo mal
to make a reservation
Reservar
to hold a reservation
to plan
Organizar
140
to rent a car
alquilar un auto
to stay
Permanecer
to sunbathe
tomar sol
tomarse vacaciones
to take a photograph
to travel
Viajar
Present Perfect
FORM
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:
141
Examples:
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals
and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody
knows why she is sick.
She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has
worked for three different companies so far.
NOTICE
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year"
means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires
simple past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not
considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.
Examples:
145
Examples:
Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to NonContinuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live,"
"work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they
are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as:
always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
Negative
Question
I have traveled.
Have I traveled?
You have
Have you
traveled.
We have traveled.
They have
traveled.
He has traveled.
traveled.
We have not
traveled.
They have not
traveled.
traveled?
Have we traveled?
Have they
traveled?
Has he traveled?
It has traveled.
Has it traveled?
146
Did
you
like
the
movie
"Star
B: I don't know. I (see, never)_____________ that movie.
Wars?"
5. I
(have, not)_____________________this
(be)________________________a kid.
much
fun
since
147
15.
(visit,
never)______________Africa,
but
I
(travel)________________to South America several times. The last
time
I
(go)__________________to
South
America,
I
(visit)_______________Brazil
and
Peru.
I
(spend)_________________two
weeks
in
the
Amazon,
(hike)_______________for a week near Machu Picchu, and
(fly)_______________________over the Nazca Lines.
148
Check the places you should visit according to your likes and dislikes,
based on the previous ads.
La Fortuna
Hiking
Biodiversity
Aboriginal
You like
history
Climbing
Eating at
good
restaurants
Biking
Hiking
Walking in
nature
Indigenous
history
You dislike
Climbing
Eating at
good
restaurants
Biking
149
Mt. Chirripo
Gold Museum
150
of battles and Chamber of Horrors. Gift shop. Open every day 10 - 5.30,
except Christmas Day
The Royal Observatory, Greenwich is 10 miles outside London on a hill
above the River Thames. The Observatory contains telescopes and
displays
about
international
meridian
line
runs
through
the
Observatory. It has video theatre and souvenir shop. You can have a
picnic in Greenwich Park and take a river boat to Greenwich from
Westminster Bridge. Open 10.30 a.m. - 5.30 p.m., closed 25-28 December.
Read the postcard. Pay attention to the rules of writing the address.
Dear Mom and Dad!
Im having a great time here in London. We
are staying at a nice hotel.
I have a lot of things to do. Yesterday we
visited the Tower of London and walked along
the streets.
Tomorrow we are going to Covent Garden
55 Oak Lane
Manchester
MO 26 19YH
Miss you,
Ann
152
England
Now, write your own post card to a friend telling him what he can do here in
Costa Rica
Read the information and choose the alternative that best answers each
question.
Research and tourism in Uvita Island
Located just off the port of Limon on the Costa Rican Caribbean, Uvita Island
will become a tourist attraction and a biological research station, through a
cooperation agreement between the Board for the Development of the Atlantic
Basin (JAPDEVA, in Spanish) and the local government of the canton of
Limn. A national heritage, the development will be strictly controlled
according to the authorities, in order to preserve its marine and land
resources. The small island boasts of lush vegetation, and it is surrounded by
coral reefs. Even though it has received different names since 1512, when
Christopher Columbus visited the area, its most popular one Uvita, that
translates roughly as small grape- is due to the fact that there grows a tree
that is unique to the Caribbean and whose fruit resembles grapes.
La Nacin Digital
153
1. Why will the provincial expert control rigorously the biological reserve
a.
b.
c.
Because it is an agreement
d.
Because it is an island
Small islands
b.
Surrounded islands
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
The marines
154
classic
multi-sport
itinerary
the
Caribbean
turtles. Feel the mist of refreshing trough Rincn del la Vieja National
waterfalls of La Paz on route to the Park,
known
for
its
spectacular
Take a memorable walk in the clouds Ricas northern zone and enjoy a day
at Monteverde cloud forest, preserve of mountain biking in the rainforest
and explore the forest canopy on an surrounding Lake Arenal.
Take a
rafting
trip
on
the
III-IV),
flowing
through
rainforest canyon
Answer the following questions about the readings (Trip to the Rainforest
and Have an Unforgettable Adventure)
155
do there
Protected endangered
species
Take a bath in the hot
springs
La Paz
156
Seventh
Topic
157
Objectives
Drawing inferences.
Structuring ideas.
Content
Common illnesses, diseases, epidemics and prevention:
What's the matter?
How do you feel?
Have you seen a doctor?
Do you know about ___?
You need to take/drink/stay in bed etc.
What are the symptoms of ____?
What are some sexual diseases? Etc.
158
At the Doctors
159
1. to weigh
stethoscope
2. to stay in bed
temperature
4. to put a bandage
exhaustion
9. to use an inhaler
160
The illness
Ive got a cold
The symptoms
The cause
Ive got a sore throat
A virus
....,
sneezing
, a cough
..
The same symptoms
A virus
as a cold and also
aching muscles and
temperature
Headache, feeling
Too much
sick,
alcohol.
I dont go to the toilet Little exercise
everyday
and water
WRITE THE
NUMBERS IN THE
TABLE.
10
For these illnesses we
can buy something in
the chemist or the
doctor may give us a
prescription.
161
Serious Illness
Doctors believe that smoking is the major We can have a headache, a stomachcause of lung cancer.
ache, toothache, backache or earache
BUT we have a pain in the other parts of
Hepatitis is a liver disease.
my body:
Asthma has become more common.
An
is damage
to painless.
part of your body,
know injury
why because
but it is usually
usually caused by an accident at home, on
the road or during a game (for instance
during
a
football
match).
GIVE
SOLUTIONS TO THESE INJURIES
THE
PROBLEM
I cut
finger
ORIGIN
RESULT
SOLUTION
my Using a Its
A
knife
bleeding
I cut my leg I
fell Its
bleeding
badly
over
a lot
I
twisted Running I
cant rest
for the walk
my ankle
bus
easily
162
Im
rest
confused
I burnt my
hand
Ive got a
bruise on
my arm
I hit it
on the
side of
my desk
Its
swollen
and
black
Special cream
more serious
chair.
all day.
SOLUTIONS
SLING
BANDAGE
PLASTER PLASTER
ICE
PACK
John fell off a chair, hit his head on the floor, and
...
His
wife
called
an
but John was still when it arrived. He
was rushed to hospital where they kept him for two days for ...
I jumped for the ball and .. with another player. We
both had . on our head, but I had to go to hospital for eight
..
163
Common Ailments
Complete the following Chart
problem /
symptom
part(s) of body
cause(s)
Sprain
Cut
Break
Sore
-ache
Infection
Arteries
Heart
Runny
Rash
Diarrhea
Obesity
nausea
Stiff
Indigestion
164
remedy / treatment
Common Treatments
Pills
Antibiotics
Medicine
cream / ointment
Band Aid
plaster cast
operation /
surgery
Physiotherapy
acupuncture /
other traditional
treatment
Ice
Bandage
Liposuction
Injection
165
English-Spanish
Spanish-English
ankle
el tobillo
la axila
Armpit
arm
el brazo
la barba
Beard
armpit
la axila
el bigote
moustache
back
la espalda
la boca
Mouth
backbone
el espinazo
el brazo
Arm
beard
la barba
la cabeza
Head
belly
el vientre
la cadera
Hips
blood
la sangre
la cara
Face
body
el cuerpo
la ceja
Eyebrow
bone
el hueso
el cerebro
Brain
brain
el cerebro
la cintura
Waist
cheek
la mejilla
el codo
Elbow
chest
el pecho
el corazn
Heart
ear
la oreja
el crneo
Skull
elbow
el codo
el cuello
Neck
eye
el ojo
el cuerpo
Body
eyebrow
la ceja
el dedillo
little finger
eyelash
la pestaa
el dedo
Finger
face
la cara
el dedo anular
ring finger
finger
el dedo
fist
el puo
el diente
Tooth
foot
el pie
la espalda
Back
forefinger
el ndice
el espinazo
backbone
forehead
la frente
el esqueleto
Skeleton
166
hair
el pelo
el estmago
Stomach
hand
la mano
la frente
forehead
head
la cabeza
la garganta
Throat
heart
el corazn
el hgado
Liver
heel
el taln
el hombro
shoulder
hips
la cadera
el hueso
Bone
intestines
el intestino
el ndice
forefinger
kidney
el rin
el intestino
intestines
knee
la rodilla
los labios
Lips
leg
la pierna
la lengua
Tongue
lips
los labios
la mano
Hand
little finger
el dedillo
la mejilla
Cheek
liver
el hgado
la mueca
Wrist
lung
el pulmn
el msculo
Muscle
moustache el bigote
el muslo
Thigh
mouth
la boca
la nariz
Nose
muscle
el msculo
el nervio
Nerve
nail
la ua
la nuca
Occiput
neck
el cuello
el ojo
Eye
nerve
el nervio
la oreja
Ear
nose
la nariz
el rgano
Organ
occiput
la nuca
la palma
Palm
organ
el rgano
el pecho
Chest
palm
la palma
el pelo
Hair
ring finger
el dedo anular
la pestaa
eyelash, lashes
167
shoulder
el hombro
el pie
Foot
skeleton
el esqueleto
la piel
Skin
skin
la piel
la pierna
Leg
skull
el crneo
la planta
Sole
sole
la planta
el pulgar
Thumb
stomach
el estmago
el pulmn
Lung
temple
la sien
el puo
Fist
thigh
el muslo
el rin
Kidney
throat
la garganta
la rodilla
Knee
thumb
el pulgar
la sangre
Blood
toe
la sien
Temple
tongue
la lengua
el taln
Heel
tooth
el diente
el tobillo
Ankle
waist
la cintura
la ua
Nail
womb
el tero
el tero
Womb
wrist
la mueca
el vientre
Belly
168
169
Ailments
1. bruise
2. backache
3. fever
4. high blood pressure
5. burn
6. cut
7. sprain (as in sprained ankle)
8. rash
9. toothache
10. earache
11. cough
12. cold
13. stomach ache
14. sore throat
15. dizziness
16. headache
170
Mary Carr
Clinic Administrator
3 What time?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
heart?
_________________________________
3. Why do we need a heart?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
4. Which organ(s) directly works
_________________________________
_________________________________
173
I was a chubby child and I had a perfectly skinny twin sister. She
seemed to receive all my parents attention, because she was thin. I
felt ignored which developed my shyness. So, I thought that going
on a diet would increase my self-esteem and get people to notice
me.
I started to eat a bowl of cereals for breakfast so my parents would
think I was eating properly. I didnt have lunch. After school I
always went to practise tennis on an empty stomach and exercised
as much as I could for two hours. At dinner, my family always ate together so I
had to eat a full meal, but then I rushed to the bathroom to induce vomit.
I lost weight and people gave me the nicest compliments. The compliments
felt so good, so I kept dieting.
But my parents and friends noticed my bad eating habits and they forced me
to eat and didnt leave my side.
I denied my eating problem for a long time until last year. I received a terrific
support from my family and especially from my boyfriend, which I think helped
me a lot through my problem. I now try to have a balanced diet instead of
getting the fewest calories possible. I now feel more confident about my body
and have higher self-esteem.
Andrea
174
COMPREHENSION
A- Say if the following sentences are True or False. Correct the False
ones.
T
F
1. When Andrea was a child, she was fatter than her sister.
B- Match the words taken from the text with their synonym or
explanation.
1. self-esteem
a) correctly
1.
2. properly
b) eating disorder
2.
3. eating problem
c) help
3.
4. support
4.
5. higher
e) better
5.
175
C- Answer these questions with complete answers. Use your own words
as far as possible.
176
.
2- Name four things a patient of high blood pressure should do?
a. ..
b.
c.
..
d.
...
177
It is not
hypertension.
a. important.
b.
b. interested.
c. clear.
b. As many as.
c. Fewer.
b. salt.
c. fresh juice.
b. more.
c. less.
b. relaxing
c. diet.
b. ugly.
c. better.
7- When a patient sees a doctor, the doctor usually asks him about ____.
a. the symptoms. b. the treatment.
c. his family
b. patients.
178
c. medicines.
1- low
2- less
3- wrong
..
4- up
..
5- unfortunately
.........
6- with
...
7- young
..
8- impossible
..
179
( )
Herpes Virus: Herpes is another STD that presently has no cure. Or is there a
cure for Herpes? Today, treatment is available and there are a number of
things you can do yourself at home to help relieve your genital herpes, as well
as natural herpes treatment. Herpes symptoms include blisters or sores that
periodically break out on the genitals.
HIV/AIDS: One STD that many people are worried about getting is HIV. While
new ways of treating this infection can significantly prolong an infected
person's life, for far too many people this infection eventually progresses to
AIDS and, ultimately, death. More than 40 million people worldwide are
infected with the HIV virus; women account for 50% of those infected.
180
Recently, studies have found a link between the use of hormonal birth control
and HIV. In the US, African Americans account for a disproportionate number
of HIV cases. Many people may not realize they are infected, as the HIV virus
is often asymptomatic for the first few years. HIV testing is the only sure way
to know if you are infected. However, you can take steps to help prevent the
infection. Find out about a new method that could prevent an HIV infection in
women using the cervical cap and microbicides.
Syphilis: Throughout history, cases of syphilis have been recorded. While this
STD has not always been effectively dealt with, nowadays, syphilis can easily
be treated and cured. However, as history has shown, without treatment,
syphilis symptoms can progress and affect the nervous system and brain
leading to dementia and even death.
Sometimes
STD
symptoms
can
be
confused
with
mononucleosis.
2.
3.
181
4.
.............................................................................................................................
5.
.............................................................................................................................
6.
7.
.............................................................................................................................
8.
Complete the following chart with information from the reading. Include the
disease, some symptoms and treatment.
Disease
Symptoms
182
Treatment
EIGHTH TOPIC
183
Objectives
Understanding relations within the sentence (structure, syntax, morphological,
modification of structure and negation) characteristic of spoken language.
Identifying text types.
Discussing alternative possibilities and their consequences.
Criticizing.
Identifying details in familiar material.
Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion devices.
Content
Costa Rican Democracy :
What do you understand by ____ (democracy, freedom, sovereignty, etc.)?
What do you think about ____ (democracy, politics, the right to vote/ speak, etc.?
It's the government for the people, by the people and of the people.
Parties, voters, ballot, ballot process, citizenship, ruler, laws, etc.
Qualities of democracy/equality,
184
Constitution
b.
Government
c.
President
d.
Democracy
b.
Its citizens
c.
d.
Its foreigners
The government
b.
Freedom of speech
c.
d.
Democratic system
Eight years
b.
Two branches
c.
Three branches
d.
Seventeen members
Based on the previous reading, look for the words below the match the
concept in column A to its definition in column B.
186
Column A
Column B
1. Freedom of Speech
2. Reliance
3. Law
country
4. Judge
5. Foreigners
another country
6. Citizens
) confidence in something or
someone
(
opinions publicly
(
Ley
Voto
proyecto de ley
Presupuesto
Gabinete
empleado public
Campaa
Capitalista
Candidato
del centro
Coalicin
colonialista
comunista
Congreso
congresista
democracia
democrtico
dictador
eleccin
padrn electoral
electorado
187
fascist
government
to govern
imperialist
King
left-wing
Member of
Parliament
Minister
Ministry
monarchy
nationalist
opposition
Parliament
Party
policy
political
politician
politics
Poll
president
Prime Minister
Prince
Princess
Queen
referendum
republic
right-wing
Secretary
Secretary
socialist
too close to call
totalitarian
to elect
to vote
to call an election
to vote
to run for president
Voter
Democratic Party US
Republican Party US
Conservative Party
Labour Party (GB)
democrat (US)
republican (US)
Tory (GB)
fascista
gobierno
gobernar
imperialista
Rey
de izquierda
parlamentarista
ministro
ministerio
monarqua
nacionalista
oposicin
Parlamento
partido
poltica, plan de accin
poltico (adjetivo)
poltico (sustantivo)
poltica
encuesta
presidente
Primer Ministro
Prncipe
Princesa
Reina
referendum
repblica
de derecha
secretario
secretara
socialista
muy ajustado para dar un
ganador
totalitario
elegir
votar
llamar a elecciones
votar
ser candidato a presidente
votante
partido demcrata
partido republicano
partido conservador
partido laborista
demcrata
Republicano
miembro del partido conservador
188
7. The senator said that he would ________ ( = support) the other candidate.
a . Back
b. back-out
8. The presidential election will be ________ on November 1st.
a. Located
b. held
9. The other candidate for mayor claimed that he was ________ to improving
recycling in the city.
a. Bound
b. committed
10. She was able to ________ a lot of money for her campaign.
a. Raise
b. rise
American
two
the
nation.
male
votes
Inside
opponents
had
been
counted.
Chinchilla, 50, is a career politician who has held numerous positions in the
Costa Rican government and served on the cabinet of outgoing President
Oscar Arias. She was previously a public safety minister, a congressional
deputy, vice president of the cabinet, and a justice minister. She supports
190
liberalizing the nation's economic policies and its state-run electricity and
telecommunications industries.
What did she wear during her campaign as a sign of good luck?
______________________________________________________________
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
Today Costa Rica is governed by the Constitution of November 7 th, 1949.
While this Constitution made many advances over previous ones, perhaps its
most outstanding provision, and the one that is even beginning to be
emulated by other countries, is that which prohibits the existence of a
standing army.
191
1.
John Nichols
--
oppose
trade
policies
that
offshore
jobs,
devastate
What event has put Costa Rica in the map as a real democratic country
according to the article?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What are some issues the American Congress havent paid attention despite
citizens pleas?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What are some values the author encourages USA government to look in
Costa Rica?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Write your opinion about what real democracy is? How should the government
be? What citizen rights would you implement and what would you eliminate?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
195
Ninth Topic
196
Objectives
197
198
199
200
Now write a small paragraph describing what these people do and their
functions and where do they work?
201
_____ Teacher
_____ police officer
teaches students.
3)
Rescues
people
from
burning
6) Flies an airplane.
_____ pilot
_____ taxi driver
of money.
10) Works in a hospital and treats
patients.
_____ manager
_____ chef
_____ actor
_____ actress
_____ firefighter
_____ lawyer
or business.
17) One who does business.
_____ secretary
202
203
204
Jobs
Who am I?
1. I fly aeroplanes.
I travel quickly.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ .
2. I look after your teeth.
I really won't hurt you.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
3. I work in the fields with animals.
I drive a tractor.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ .
4. I have a job on a boat.
I use nets and rods.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
5. I sometimes work in a hospital.
I help people who are ill.
I am a _ _ _ _ _.
6. I work under the ground.
I dig for coal.
I am a _ _ _ _ _.
7. I get up very early in the morning.
I make bread and cakes
I am a _ _ _ _ _.
8. I bring you letters and parcels.
I visit many houses.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
9. I am very brave.
I put out fires
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
10. I sell meat and sausages.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
BAKER - PILOT - POSTMAN - NURSE - DENTIST - FIREMAN - BUTCHER - FARMER
MINER - FISHERMAN
205
"It may come as a surprise to some that financial reward doesn't always mean
a happier working environment or employee" comments Chris Humphries,
director general of City & Guilds.
Both (hairdressers and beauty therapists) attributed their contentment to
strong relationships with their colleagues. Salon professionals also value
having an interest in what they do for a living, which 100 per cent of
hairdressers believe is important to on-the-job happiness. Contributing to
happiness in the workplace is the ability to meet lots new people and being
made to feel appreciated.
Secretaries, PAs, administrators and others working in the business support
sector feel the least appreciated.
So what factors do make us whistle while we work? 19 per cent of us would
like to do something worthwhile and almost 15 per cent just want a more
flexible workday. Humphries found, "Some of the happiest workers are those
who feel they have a lot of opportunities for professional development."
"Nowadays true job satisfaction and happiness is about fulfilling your full
potential, tapping into your own creativity, and feeling that you can make a
difference."
206
Here, then, are the UK's 20 happiest jobs to work in, according to City &
Guilds (average happiness rating in brackets) :
1) Hairdresser (8.7)
2) Beauty Therapist (8)
3) Early Years/Childcare (7.8)
4, 5) Doctor/Dentist (7.5)
6) Plumber (7.4)
7) Electrician (7.3)
8) Construction (7.2)
9) Leisure/Tourism (7.2)
10) Media/Creative (7.2)
11) Accountant (7)
12) Law (6.8)
13) Marketing/PR/Advertising (6.8)
14) Nursing (6.8)
15) Teaching/Education (6.7)
16) Automotive (6.6)
17) Human Resources (6.5)
18) Banking/Insurance/Finance (6.4)
19) Catering (6.3)
20) Secretarial/PA/Admin (6.1)
According to the text, why are hairdressers and beauticians the happiest
professions?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
207
satisfaction
worthwhile (adj.)
money
potential (n.)
useful
contentment (n.)
valued
appreciated (v.pp)
scored
contributing (v.)
ability
208
Write a paragraph describing your dream job and its characteristics, and
elements should have
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
209
4.
Teacher Needed: Tommy's
Kindergarten needs 2 teacher/trainers
to help with classes from 9 a.m. to 3
p.m.
Applicants
should
have
appropriate licenses. For more
information
visit
Tommy's
Kindergarten in Leicester Square No.
56.
210
presentation
on
the
new
account.
Harry: Well, we're working on a new account in Southern England this week.
Susan: Work, work, work. That's all you ever do!
Harry: Come on, that's not true. I like reading books,
Susan: Oh, really? Which book are you reading at the moment?
too.
Harry: Well, as a matter of fact, I'm reading 'Football in England: The Very
Best'.
Susan: Football? That's not reading
212
b.
c.
from Romania
b.
c.
from London
b.
c.
213
Reading Comprehension
I WANT TO BE A FIREFIGHTER
My name is Terry. I want to be
a firefighter. Why do I want
to be a firefighter? I have many
reasons. I like all the
important things that
firefighters do. Firefighters are
heroes.
Sometimes buildings catch on
fire. Firefighters put out
fires. I want to put out fires.
If someone is trapped in a
burning house, firefighters
save
them. I want to save people.
Sometimes people have
accidents. Sometimes people
get
sick. Firefighters help them. I
want to help people.
Firefighters drive big trucks.
Fire trucks have loud sirens. I
want to drive a big truck.
Firefighters put out fires. Firefighters save people.
Firefighters help sick people. I want to be a firefighter and
do all those things. Then I would be a hero, too!
Answer these questions. Tick on the correct answer
1. Why does Terry want to be a firefighter?
a. Terry wants to put out fires.
b. Terry wants to help people.
c. Terry wants to drive a big truck.
d. All of the above
2. What do fire trucks have?
a. loud sirens
b. televisions
c. dogs
d. whistles
3. Terry thinks firefighters are
a. busy
b. heroes
c. good looking
d. popular
214
people
that
speak
French,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
216
1. B
1. C
1. C
1. C
2. D
2. B
2. C
2. D
3. A
3. C
3. C
3. C
4. B
4. C
4. B
4. A
5. B
5. D
5. B
6. A
6. D
6. C
7. A/B
1. D
1. D
1. A
1. C
1. A
2. D
2. C
2. A
2. C
2. A
3. C
3. C
3. C
3. C
3. A
4. B
4. A
4. B
4. B
1. B
1. C
1. A
1. B
1. C
1. C
2. A
2. A
2. B
2. A
2. D
2. D
3. C
3. C
3. B
3. B
3. A
3. D
4. D
4. A
217
4. B
1. D
1. B
1. A
1. C
1. B
2. B
2. B
2. B
2. C
2. C
3. A
3. C
3. B
3. A
3. B
4. C
4.
1. D
1. A
1. D
2. A
2. A
2. A
3. B
3. A
3. B
4. D
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. A
10. B
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
218
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. B
1. D
1. A
1. B
2. C
2. A
2. B
3. B
3. B
3. D
4. C
4. B
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. A
1. A
1. D
2. B
2. A
3. B
3. B
4. B
5. B
219
Bibliography
Books
Tulio Villegas, Marco Tulio. Ingls Prcticas para la Prueba de Bachillerato,
Farben Grupo Editorial Norma, 2007
Caldern Quesada, Teresita. Traveling Solutions for Bachillerato, EDUVISION
E.V.N, 2007
Tulio Villegas, Marco Tulio. On your Mark. Farben Grupo Editorial Norma,
2004.
Quesada Alvarado, M. and Duarte Bonilla, M. Traveling Reading Strategies,
EDUVISON E.V.N, 2007
English Practice Book for the MEP Exam, Santillana 1 ed. Editorial Santillana
2007
Barrera P., Duque M., Teenagers: New Generation 9 and 10. Editorial Norma
S.A, 2008
Websites
www.wikipedia.com
www.library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/air_pollution__solutions.html
www.eflnet.com/tutorials/adjcompsup.php
www.clafoti.com/imagenes10/compa_1.htm
www.englishpage.com
www.thenation.com/blogs/thebeat/240265
www.e-spanyol.hu/en/vocabulary/words_body.php
www.eltbase.com
www.inspirationalfilms.com//wttw/pdf/lesson8-handouts.pdf
www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/politics.html
www.politicsdaily.com/2010/02/08/laura-chinchilla-elected-first-female-presidentof-costa-rica/
www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/vocabulary/esl-politics-elections-voting3.html
www.bogglesworldesl.com
www. eslprintables.com
www.esl.about.com
www.abcteach.com
www.costaricapages.com/blog/business/2008-job-fair/667
220