P740

NUMERICAL BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL

PROTECTION
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MiCOM P740 Numerical Busbar Protection

Technical Presentation

Bassam Gallalin
AREVA

June 2005

SUMMARY

X USEFUL NOTATION - GENERAL

X PRINCIPLE OF BUSBAR PROTECTION
X INTRODUCTION
X HARDWARE
X CENTRAL UNIT - MAIN FEATURES
X PERIFERAL UNITS - MAIN FEATURES

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Useful Notation General

X Current of Phase A,B or C in the feeder number i :

ii A, B or C
X Residual current in the feeder number i :
iiN = 3 I0 i = iiA + iiB + iiC
X Any current (phase or residual) in the feeder number i: ii

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Useful Notation Conventional Algorithms

X Differential current (for a current node) = Sum of currents brought

in the node:
idiffnode (t) = i1 + i2 +...+ in= I
X Differential operating current = Absolute value of the sum:
idiff(t)
(t) = id(t)
id(t)= i
X Bias current (Restraining current) = Sum of the absolute value:
ibias(t)
(t) =
= i 1 + i2 + ... +
+ i n = i
X Minimum operating current of the bias characteristic:
Is

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Useful Notation Conventional Algorithms

X Slope of the bias characteristic:
k
X Tripping authorisation :
idiff(t)
(t) > IS + k x ibias(t)
(t)
X Circuitry fault supervision threshold :
ID >1
Objectif : Detect the loss of one current measurement
X Circuitry fault supervision alarm time delay :
tD>1
X Differential overcurrent element threshold :
ID>2
Objectif : Avoid any maloperation due to the lost of the hightest
loaded feeder
X Phase bias current threshold (for SEF use only) :
ibias A, B, C >
(used for current control of internal sensitive earth fault)

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HV Application: Busbar Protection - 1

PRINCIPLE
OF
BUSBAR PROTECTION

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HV Application:
Busbar Protection
Kirchhoffs Principle applied to a healthy system

I=0

I1

I3

I2

I1 = I2 + I3
I1 - I2 - I3 = 0
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HV Application:
Busbar Protection - 2
Kirchhoffs Principle applied to a system with a fault

I0

I1

I2

I3

I1 I2 + I3
I1 - I2 - I3 0 = IF
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Differential Bubar Protection

Principle
Io1

Ii1

S1

Io2

Ii2

S2

Ii3

S3

Ibias = Ii + Io

Io4

Idiff = Ii- Io

Iin = Ion

Export Io

S
11

Io = Ion

Io3

Simplified Substation Scheme

Import Ii

Ii = Iin

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High Impedance Principle

(MCAG & MFAC)
Stability is entirely due to introducing a stabilising resistor incircuit.
It is a simple, reliable and circulating current scheme
(CT must have same ratio & must be high accuracy - class X)
The knee point voltage of the CTs needs to be relatively high
(Vk=2Vs)
Metrosil may be required (cross voltage must not exceed 3kV)
The CTs are usually not shared with other protection
The magnetising current can desensitise the scheme
The scheme is very fast
Isolator contacts are needed to switch the full CT secondary
current between the zones
Extending the scheme is quite simple
Buswire supervision can be offered with MVTP relays
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Low Impedance/Biased Principle

(MBCZ, DIFB CL, DIFB)
Stability is entirely due to the bias characteristics of the scheme
CTs can have different ratios
Scheme bias characteristic can cater for lesser accuracy CTs (class 5P)
CTs with moderate knee point voltages can be used
Metrosils are never required
It is easier to share CTs with other protection
Number of // circuits does not affect the primary operating current
Tripping is fast
Isolator contact are not needed to switch heavy currents.
Expending the scheme is simple
Self supervision and breaker fail protection is easier to integrate
Numerical scheme offer many fault, event and recording capabilities

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Differential Busbar Protection

Merz-Price Principle
Busbar
P1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S2

S2

CTs with different ratios

P2
I1

S2

S2
I2

I3

I4

Ur

Interposing CTs
required
Ud

Rd
Flow control

Bias voltage image of the crossing current

Differential elements

Large CTs to avoid saturation & ensure stability

Difficult to apply if system topology is dynamic
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Conventional Scheme
Architecture

BB1

BB3

BB2

1 or 5 A
CT Cabling

BB5

DC cabling
Trip/close order
CB and Isolator status
etc.

Relay House/
Marshalling Cubicles

Relay Room
Interposing CT

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Double Busbar Configuration

BS
Zone 1

Trononnement

Zone 3

Zone 2
Zone 4

SS
Sectionnement

BC1

BC2
F1

F2

F3

F4

A zone corresponds to each part of the busbar

that we can clearly isolate from other parts
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Numerical Busbar Protection

P740

INTRODUCTION

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Introduction
P740 - Busbar Protection
X Modular
X Communication between modules is via fibre optic connections
X Numerical technology
X Universal topology processing
X Biased differential principle
X Multiple criteria for tripping
X High speed operation for internal faults
X Stability maintained under external fault conditions
X Continuous monitoring of plant and protection circuits

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Numerical Busbar Protection

P740 - Features
Busbar
Protection

CB Failure
Protection

Overcurrent
Protection
Dead Zone
Protection (*)

CB & Isolator
Supervision

Continuous
monitoring

Measurements
CT
Supervision
Disturbance
Recorder

Event &
Fault Records

Programmable
Scheme Logic

(*) : Coupling CB or feeder

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Single Busbar Application

Zone 1

Virtual Zone

Zone 2

BB1

BB2

P742

P742
P742

P742

P742
P742

Peripheral Units

20

P741

P742
P742

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P742

P742

Fibre Optic

P742
P741

Central Unit

P742

P742
P742

Fibre Optic

P742

P742

Peripheral Units

20

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Double Busbar Application

BB1

BB3

BB2

BB4

BB5

2 P742 or
2 P743

P742

P742

P742

P743

P742

P742

P741
P741

P743

P742

Optical Fibre
Central Unit

Peripheral Units

The transfert bar should be considered as a particular feeder

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Double Busbar Application

Global View
BB1

BB3

BB2

BB4

BB5

2 P742 or
2 P743

P742

P742
P742

P742

Peripheral
Units

22

P741

P743

P742
P742

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P743
P741

P743

Central
Unit

Fibre Optic

Fibre Optic

P742

P742

P742
P743

P742

P742

P742

Peripheral
Units

22

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Module Interconnection
P741

P741

P743

P742
Feeder 1

Feeder n

P742

P743

Scheme
Peripheral Units
Module interconnection is done via fibre optics
X Facilitates either a centralised or decentralised scheme.
X Each Peripheral Unit has a single Transmit and Receive fibre.
X Each Central unit can accommodate up to 32 pairs of fibres from Peripheral
units
X The fibre used must be Duplex Multimode 850nm, ST connectors with max
attenuation of 7dB/km.

The distance between the Central Unit and the Peripheral Unit, if
distributed, therefore cannot exceed 1km.
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Numerical Busbar Protection

P740

HARDWARE

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Numerical Busbar Protection

P740
Central Unit Hardware - Size 19 inches - 4U
X 8 Optically isolated logic inputs
X 8 Relay ouputs
X 8 Communication boards

4 Peripheral Units per communication board

X 1 Main Processor board - 1p DSP-TMS320C-32 bits-40 Mhz
X 1 Coprocessor board - 1p DSP-TMS320C-16 bits-100 Mhz
X 12 LEDs
X Back lit liquid crystal display
X Extended outputs possible using a P742 or P743 (without current
inputs, normally used for buses including disconnectors)

P741 Central Unit

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Numerical Busbar Protection

P740
Peripheral Units Hardware - Size 8 or 12 inches - 4U
X Logic inputs: 16 for P742 (2 boards) and 24 for P743
Universal Opto inputs - programmable battery voltages

X Relay ouputs: 8 for P742 and 21 for P743

X Current inputs : 3 phase + 1 residual current inputs

Dual rated current inputs (1/5A, externally connected)

X 1 Main board - 1p DSP-TMS320C-32 bits-40 Mhz
X 1 Coprocessor board - 1p DSP-TMS320C-16 bits-100 Mhz
X 12 LEDs
X Back lit liquid crystal display

P742 & P743 Peripheral Units

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