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Mathematics A2 Level

Core 3 Revision Pack

Contents

CORE 3 FORMULA SHEET

JANUARY 2006

JUN 2006

JANUARY 2007

JUN 2007

11

JANUARY 2008

14

JUN 2008

18

JANUARY 2009

22

JUN 2009

25

JAN 2010

28

JUN 2010

31

JAN 2011

35

JUN 2011

40

JAN 2012

43

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Core 3 Formula Sheet


Core Mathematics C3
Candidates sitting C3 may also require those formulae listed under Core Mathematics C1 and
C2.
Logarithms and exponentials
e x ln a = a x

Trigonometric identities
sin ( A B ) = sin A cos B cos A sin B
cos ( A B ) = cos A cos B m sin A sin B

tan A tan B
( A B (k + 12 ) )
1 m tan A tan B
A+ B
A B
sin A + sin B = 2 sin
cos
2
2
A+ B
A B
sin A sin B = 2 cos
sin
2
2
A+ B
A B
cos A + cos B = 2 cos
cos
2
2
A+ B
A B
cos A cos B = 2 sin
sin
2
2
tan ( A B ) =

Differentiation
f(x)

f (x)

tan kx

k sec2 kx

sec x

sec x tan x

cot x

cosec2 x

cosec x

cosec x cot x

Page |3

January 2006
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
1.

Figure 1

y
M (2,

Figure 1 shows the graph of y = f(x), 5 x 5.


The point M (2, 4) is the maximum turning point of the graph.
Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(a) y = f(x) + 3,
(b) y = f(x),
(c) y = f(x).

(2)
(2)
(3)

Show on each graph the coordinates of any maximum turning points.


2.

Express

2 x 2 + 3x
6
2
(2 x + 3)( x 2) x x 2
(7)

as a single fraction in its simplest form.


3.

1
3

The point P lies on the curve with equation y = ln x . The x-coordinate of P is 3.


Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point P in the form y = ax + b, where a and b are constants.
(5)

4.

(a) Differentiate with respect to x


x2e3x + 2,
cos (2 x 3 )
(ii)
.
3x

(4)

(i)

(b) Given that x = 4 sin (2y + 6), find

(4)

dy
in terms of x.
dx

(5)

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f(x) = 2x3 x 4.

5.

(a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 can be written as


x=

2 1
+ .
x 2

(3)

The equation 2x3 x 4 = 0 has a root between 1.35 and 1.4.


(b) Use the iteration formula

2 1
+ ,
xn 2

xn + 1 =

with x0 = 1.35, to find, to 2 decimal places, the value of x1, x2 and x3.

(3)

The only real root of f(x) = 0 is .


(c) By choosing a suitable interval, prove that = 1.392, to 3 decimal places.

(3)

6.

f(x) = 12 cos x 4 sin x.


Given that f(x) = R cos (x + ), where R 0 and 0 90,
(4)
(a) find the value of R and the value of .
(b) Hence solve the equation
12 cos x 4 sin x = 7
(5)
for 0 x < 360, giving your answers to one decimal place.
(c) (i) Write down the minimum value of 12 cos x 4 sin x.
(1)
(ii) Find, to 2 decimal places, the smallest positive value of x for which this minimum value occurs.
(2)

7.

(a) Show that


(i)

cos 2 x
cos x sin x,
cos x + sin x

x (n

(ii) 12 (cos 2x sin 2x) cos2 x cos x sin x


(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that the equation

1
4
1
2

), n ,

(2)

(3)

cos 2
cos + sin

cos
can be written as

sin 2 = cos 2.

(3)

(c) Solve, for 0 < 2,


giving your answers in terms of .

8.

1
=
2

sin 2 = cos 2,

(4)

The functions f and g are defined by


f : x a 2x + ln 2,
2x

g:x ae ,
(a) Prove that the composite function gf is

x ,
x .

gf : x a 4e4x,
x .
(4)
(b) Sketch the curve with equation y = gf(x), and show the coordinates of the point where the curve cuts the
y-axis.
(1)
(c) Write down the range of gf.
(1)
(d) Find the value of x for which

d
[gf(x)] = 3, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
dx
(4)

Page |5

Jun 2006
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

1.

(a) Simplify

3x 2 x 2
.
x2 1
(3)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, express

3x 2 x 2
1

as a single fraction in its simplest form.


2
x( x + 1)
x 1
(3)

2.

Differentiate, with respect to x,


(a)

e3x + ln 2x,
(3)

(b)

3
2

(5 + x 2 ) .
(3)

3.

Figure 1

y
y = f(x)

(3, 0)

(0, 2)
P
Figure 1 shows part of the curve with equation y = f(x), x , where f is an increasing function of x. The curve passes
through the points P(0, 2) and Q(3, 0) as shown.
In separate diagrams, sketch the curve with equation
(a) y = f(x),
(3)
1

(b) y = f (x),
(3)
(c)

y=

1
2

f(3x).
(3)

Indicate clearly on each sketch the coordinates of the points at which the curve crosses or meets the axes.

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4.

A heated metal ball is dropped into a liquid. As the ball cools, its temperature, T C, t minutes after it enters the liquid, is
given by
T = 400e0.05t + 25,

t 0.

(a) Find the temperature of the ball as it enters the liquid.


(1)
(b) Find the value of t for which T = 300, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
(4)
(c)

Find the rate at which the temperature of the ball is decreasing at the instant when t = 50. Give your answer in C
per minute to 3 significant figures.
(3)

(d) From the equation for temperature T in terms of t, given above, explain why the temperature of the ball can never
fall to 25 C.
(1)
5.

Figure 2

4
P

Figure 2 shows part of the curve with equation


y = (2x 1) tan 2x,

0x<

The curve has a minimum at the point P. The x-coordinate of P is k.


(a) Show that k satisfies the equation
4k + sin 4k 2 = 0.
(6)
The iterative formula
xn + 1 =

1
4

(2 sin 4xn), x0 = 0.3,

is used to find an approximate value for k.


(b) Calculate the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4, giving your answers to 4 decimals places.
(3)
(c)

Show that k = 0.277, correct to 3 significant figures.


(2)

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6.

(a) Using sin2 + cos2 1, show that the cosec2 cot2 1.


(2)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that
cosec4 cot4 cosec2 + cot2 .
(2)
(c)

Solve, for 90 < < 180,


cosec4 cot4 = 2 cot .
(6)

7.

For the constant k, where k > 1, the functions f and g are defined by
f: x

a ln (x + k),

x > k,

g: x

a 2x k,

x .

(a) On separate axes, sketch the graph of f and the graph of g.


On each sketch state, in terms of k, the coordinates of points where the graph meets the coordinate axes.
(5)
(b) Write down the range of f.
(1)
(c)

k
in terms of k, giving your answer in its simplest form.
4

Find fg

(2)
The curve C has equation y = f(x). The tangent to C at the point with x-coordinate 3 is parallel to the line with equation 9y
= 2x + 1.
(d) Find the value of k.
(4)
8.

(a) Given that cos A =

3
4

, where 270 < A < 360, find the exact value of sin 2A.
(5)

(b) (i)

Show that cos

2 x + + cos
3

2 x cos 2x.
3

(3)

Given that
y = 3 sin2 x + cos

(ii) show that

2 x + + cos 2 x ,
3
3

dy
= sin 2x.
dx
(4)

Page |8

January 2007
1.

(a) By writing sin 3 as sin (2 + ), show that


sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 .

(5)
(b) Given that sin =

3
, find the exact value of sin 3 .
4

(2)

2.

f(x) = 1

3
3
+
, x 2.
x + 2 ( x + 2) 2

x2 + x +1
, x 2.
(a) Show that f(x) =
( x + 2) 2

(4)
(b) Show that x2 + x + 1 > 0 for all values of x.

(3)
(c) Show that f(x) > 0 for all values of x, x 2.

(1)
3.

The curve C has equation x = 2 sin y.

(a) Show that the point P 2, lies on C.


4

(1)
(b) Show that

dy
1
=
at P.
dx
2

(4)
(c) Find an equation of the normal to C at P. Give your answer in the form y = mx + c, where m and
c are exact constants.
(4)

4.

(i) The curve C has equation y =

x
.
9 + x2

Use calculus to find the coordinates of the turning points of C.

(6)
3

(ii) Given that y = (1 + e 2 x ) 2 , find the value of

dy
at x =
dx

1
2

ln 3.

(5)

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5.

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows an oscilloscope screen.


The curve on the screen satisfies the equation y = 3 cos x + sin x.
(a) Express the equation of the curve in the form y = R sin (x + ), where R and are constants, R >
0 and 0 < <

(4)
(b) Find the values of x, 0 x < 2, for which y = 1.

(4)
6.

The function f is defined by


f : x a ln (4 2x), x < 2 and x .
(a) Show that the inverse function of f is defined by
f 1 : x a 2 12 ex
and write down the domain of f 1.

(4)
1

(b) Write down the range of f .

(1)
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f 1(x). State the coordinates of the points of intersection with the x and y
axes.
(4)
1
The graph of y = x + 2 crosses the graph of y = f (x) at x = k.
The iterative formula
xn + 1 = 12 e xn , x0 = 0.3,
is used to find an approximate value for k.
(d) Calculate the values of x1 and x2, giving your answer to 4 decimal places.

(2)
(e) Find the values of k to 3 decimal places.

(2)

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f(x) = x4 4x 8.

7.

(a) Show that there is a root of f(x) = 0 in the interval [2, 1].

(3)
(b) Find the coordinates of the turning point on the graph of y = f(x).

(3)
(c) Given that f(x) = (x 2)(x3 + ax2 + bx + c), find the values of the constants a, b and c.

(3)
(d) Sketch the graph of y = f(x).

(3)
(e) Hence sketch the graph of y = f(x).

(1)

8.

(i) Prove that


sec2 x cosec2 x tan2 x cot2 x.

(3)
(ii) Given that

y = arccos x, 1 x 1 and 0 y ,
(a) express arcsin x in terms of y.
(b) Hence evaluate arccos x + arcsin x. Give your answer in terms of .

(2)
(1)

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Jun 2007
1.

Find the exact solutions to the equations


(a) ln x + ln 3 = ln 6,

(2)
(b) ex + 3ex = 4.

(4)
2.

f(x) =
(a) Show that f (x) =

4x 6
.
2x 1

2x + 3
9 + 2x

,
2
x+2
2 x + 3x 2

x>

1
2

(7)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find f (x) in its simplest form.

(3)
3.

A curve C has equation y = x2ex.


(a) Find

dy
, using the product rule for differentiation.
dx

(3)
(b) Hence find the coordinates of the turning points of C.

(3)
(c) Find

d2 y
.
dx 2

(2)
(d) Determine the nature of each turning point of the curve C.

(2)
4.

f(x) = x3 + 3x2 1.
(a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 can be rewritten as

.
3 x

x=

(2)
(b) Starting with x1 = 0.6, use the iteration

x
n

to calculate the values of x2, x3 and x4, giving all your answers to 4 decimal places.
xn + 1 =

(2)
(c) Show that x = 0.653 is a root of f(x) = 0 correct to 3 decimal places.

(3)

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5.

The functions f and g are defined by


f : a ln (2x 1),
2
g: a
,
x 3

x , x >

1
2

x , x 3.

(a) Find the exact value of fg(4).

(2)
(b) Find the inverse function f 1(x), stating its domain.

(4)
(c) Sketch the graph of y = |g(x)|. Indicate clearly the equation of the vertical asymptote and the
coordinates of the point at which the graph crosses the y-axis.
(3)
2
= 3.
x 3

(d) Find the exact values of x for which

(3)
6.

(a) Express 3 sin x + 2 cos x in the form R sin (x + ) where R > 0 and 0 < <

(4)
(b) Hence find the greatest value of (3 sin x + 2 cos x)4.

(2)
(c) Solve, for 0 < x < 2, the equation
3 sin x + 2 cos x = 1,
giving your answers to 3 decimal places.

(5)
7.

(a) Prove that

sin
cos
+
= 2 cosec 2,
cos
sin

90n.
(4)

(b) Sketch the graph of y = 2 cosec 2 for 0 < < 360.

(2)
(c) Solve, for 0 < < 360, the equation
sin
cos
+
=3
cos
sin
giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)

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8.

The amount of a certain type of drug in the bloodstream t hours after it has been taken is given by the
formula
-1t

x = De 8 ,
where x is the amount of the drug in the bloodstream in milligrams and D is the dose given in
milligrams.
A dose of 10 mg of the drug is given.
(a) Find the amount of the drug in the bloodstream 5 hours after the dose is given.
Give your answer in mg to 3 decimal places.

(2)
A second dose of 10 mg is given after 5 hours.
(b) Show that the amount of the drug in the bloodstream 1 hour after the second dose is 13.549 mg
to 3 decimal places.
(2)
No more doses of the drug are given. At time T hours after the second dose is given, the amount of
the drug in the bloodstream is 3 mg.
(c) Find the value of T.

(3)

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1.

January 2008
Given that
2 x 4 3x 2 + x + 1
dx + e
(ax2 + bx + c) + 2
,
2
( x 1)
( x 1)
find the values of the constants a, b, c, d and e.

(4)

2.

A curve C has equation

y = e2x tan x, x (2n + 1)

(a) Show that the turning points on C occur where tan x = 1.


(6)
(b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 0.

(2)

3.

f(x) = ln (x + 2) x + 1,

x > 2, x  .

(a) Show that there is a root of f(x) = 0 in the interval 2 < x < 3.

(2)
(b) Use the iterative formula

xn + 1 = ln (xn + 2) + 1,

x0 = 2.5,

to calculate the values of x1 , x 2 and x3 , giving your answers to 5 decimal places.

(3)
(c) Show that x = 2.505 is a root of f(x) = 0 correct to 3 decimal places.

(2)

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4.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f (x).
The curve passes through the origin O and the points A(5, 4) and B(5, 4).
In separate diagrams, sketch the graph with equation
(a) y =f (x),

(3)
(b) y = f (x) ,

(3)
(c) y = 2f(x + 1) .

(4)
On each sketch, show the coordinates of the points corresponding to A and B.

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5.

The radioactive decay of a substance is given by

R = 1000ect,

t 0.

where R is the number of atoms at time t years and c is a positive constant.


(a) Find the number of atoms when the substance started to decay.

(1)
It takes 5730 years for half of the substance to decay.
(b) Find the value of c to 3 significant figures.

(4)
(c) Calculate the number of atoms that will be left when t = 22 920 .

(2)
(d) Sketch the graph of R against t .

(2)

6.

(a) Use the double angle formulae and the identity


cos(A + B) cosA cosB sinA sinB
to obtain an expression for cos 3x in terms of powers of cos x only.

(4)
(b) (i) Prove that
cos x
1 + sin x
+
2 sec x,
1 + sin x
cos x

x (2n + 1)

(4)
(ii) Hence find, for 0 < x < 2, all the solutions of
cos x
1 + sin x
+
= 4.
1 + sin x
cos x

(3)

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7.

A curve C has equation


y = 3 sin 2x + 4 cos 2x,

x .

The point A(0, 4) lies on C.


(a) Find an equation of the normal to the curve C at A.

(5)
(b) Express y in the form R sin(2x + ), where R > 0 and 0 < <
Give the value of to 3 significant figures.

(4)
(c) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve C with the x-axis.
Give your answers to 2 decimal places.

(4)

8.

The functions f and g are defined by


f : x a 1 2x3,
g:x a

3
4,
x

x .
x > 0, x .

(a) Find the inverse function f 1.

(2)
(b) Show that the composite function gf is
gf : x a

8x 3 1
.
1 2x3

(4)
(c) Solve gf (x) = 0.

(2)
(d) Use calculus to find the coordinates of the stationary point on the graph of y = gf(x).

(5)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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1.

Jun 2008
The point P lies on the curve with equation
y = 4e2x + 1.
The y-coordinate of P is 8.
(a) Find, in terms of ln 2, the x-coordinate of P.

(2)
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point P in the form y = ax + b, where a and b
are exact constants to be found.
(4)

2.

f(x) = 5 cos x + 12 sin x.


Given that f(x) = R cos (x ), where R > 0 and 0 < <

(a) find the value of R and the value of to 3 decimal places.

(4)
(b) Hence solve the equation
5 cos x + 12 sin x = 6
for 0 x < 2.

(5)
(c) (i) Write down the maximum value of 5 cos x + 12 sin x.

(1)
(ii) Find the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum value occurs.

(2)

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3.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the graph of y = f(x), x ,
The graph consists of two line segments that meet at the point P.
The graph cuts the y-axis at the point Q and the x-axis at the points (3, 0) and R.
Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(a) y = f(x),

(2)
(b) y = f ( x).

(2)
Given that f(x) = 2 x + 1,
(c) find the coordinates of the points P, Q and R,

(3)
(d) solve f(x) =

1
2

x.

(5)

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4.

The function f is defined by


f: x a

(a) Show that f(x) =

2( x 1)
1

, x > 3.
x 2x 3 x 3
2

1
, x > 3.
x +1

(4)
(b) Find the range of f.

(2)
(c) Find f

(x). State the domain of this inverse function.

(3)
The function g is defined by
g: x a 2x2 3, x .
(d) Solve fg(x) =

1
.
8

(3)
5.

(a) Given that sin2 + cos2 1, show that 1 + cot2 cosec2 .

(2)
(b) Solve, for 0 < 180, the equation
2 cot2 9 cosec = 3,
giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
6.

(a) Differentiate with respect to x,


(i) e3x(sin x + 2 cos x),

(3)
(ii) x3 ln (5x + 2).

(3)
3x 2 + 6 x 7
Given that y =
, x 1,
( x + 1) 2
dy
20
(b) show that
=
.
dx
( x + 1) 3

(5)
(c) Hence find

d2 y
d2 y
15
and
the
real
values
of
x
for
which
= .
2
2
4
dx
dx

(3)

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P a g e | 21
f(x) = 3x3 2x 6.

7.

(a) Show that f (x) = 0 has a root, , between x = 1.4 and x = 1.45.

(2)
(b) Show that the equation f (x) = 0 can be written as
x=

2 2
+ , x 0.
x 3
(3)

(c) Starting with x0 = 1.43, use the iteration

xn + 1 =

2 2
+
xn 3

to calculate the values of x1 , x 2 and x3 , giving your answers to 4 decimal places.

(3)
(d) By choosing a suitable interval, show that = 1.435 is correct to 3 decimal places.

(3)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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January 2009
1.

(a) Find the value of

dy
at the point where x = 2 on the curve with equation
dx
y = x2 (5x 1).

(6)
(b) Differentiate

2.

sin 2 x
with respect to x.
x2

2x + 2
x +1
f(x) = 2

.
x 2x 3 x 3
(a) Express f(x) as a single fraction in its simplest form.

(4)

(4)
(b) Hence show that f (x) =

2
.
( x 3) 2

(3)
3.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the graph of y = f (x), 1 < x < 9.
The points T(3, 5) and S(7, 2) are turning points on the graph.
Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(a) y = 2f(x) 4,

(3)
(b) y = f(x).

(3)
Indicate on each diagram the coordinates of any turning points on your sketch.

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4.


Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x = cos (2y + ) at 0, .
4
Give your answer in the form y = ax + b, where a and b are constants to be found.

(6)
5.

The functions f and g are defined by


f : x a 3x + ln x, x > 0, x ,
g : x a e x , x .
2

(a) Write down the range of g.

(1)
(b) Show that the composite function fg is defined by
fg : x a x2 + 3e x , x .
2

(2)
(c) Write down the range of fg.

(1)
(d) Solve the equation

2
d
[fg( x)] = x( xe x + 2).
dx

(6)
6.

(a) (i) By writing 3 = (2 + ), show that


sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 .

(4)
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, for 0 < <

, solve

8 sin3 6 sin + 1 = 0.
Give your answers in terms of .

(5)
(b) Using sin ( ) = sin cos cos sin , or otherwise, show that
sin 15 =

1
(6 2).
4

(4)

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f(x) = 3xex 1.

7.

The curve with equation y = f(x) has a turning point P.


(a) Find the exact coordinates of P.

(5)
The equation f(x) = 0 has a root between x = 0.25 and x = 0.3.
(b) Use the iterative formula
xn + 1 =

1 xn
e .
3

with x0 = 0.25 to find, to 4 decimal places, the values of x1 , x 2 and x3 .

(3)
(c) By choosing a suitable interval, show that a root of f(x) = 0 is x = 0.2576 correct to 4 decimal
places.
(3)

8.

(a) Express 3 cos + 4 sin in the form R cos ( ), where R and are constants, R > 0 and
0 < < 90.

(4)
(b) Hence find the maximum value of 3 cos + 4 sin and the smallest positive value of for
which this maximum occurs.
(3)
The temperature, f(t), of a warehouse is modelled using the equation
f (t) = 10 + 3 cos (15t) + 4 sin (15t),
where t is the time in hours from midday and 0 t < 24.
(c) Calculate the minimum temperature of the warehouse as given by this model.

(2)
(d) Find the value of t when this minimum temperature occurs.

(3)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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Jun 2009
1.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows part of the curve with equation y = x3 + 2x2 + 2, which intersects the x-axis at the
point A where x = .
To find an approximation to , the iterative formula
2
xn + 1 =
+2
( xn ) 2
is used.
(a) Taking x0 = 2.5, find the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4.
Give your answers to 3 decimal places where appropriate.
(b) Show that = 2.359 correct to 3 decimal places.

2.

(a) Use the identity cos2 + sin2 = 1 to prove that tan2 = sec2 1.
(b) Solve, for 0 < 360, the equation

(3)
(3)
(2)

2 tan2 + 4 sec + sec2 = 2.

3.

(6)
Rabbits were introduced onto an island. The number of rabbits, P, t years after they were introduced
is modelled by the equation
1

P = 80e 5 , t ,
t

t 0.

(a) Write down the number of rabbits that were introduced to the island.
(1)
(b) Find the number of years it would take for the number of rabbits to first exceed 1000.
(2)
dP
(c) Find
.
(2)
dt
dP
(d) Find P when
= 50.
(3)
dt

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4.

(i) Differentiate with respect to x


(a) x2 cos 3x,
ln( x 2 + 1)
(b)
.
x2 +1

(3)
(4)

(ii) A curve C has the equation

y = (4x+1),

x > 14 ,

y > 0.

The point P on the curve has x-coordinate 2. Find an equation of the tangent to C at P in the
form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
(6)

5.

Figure 2
Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation y = f(x), x .
The curve meets the coordinate axes at the points A(0, 1 k) and B( 12 ln k, 0), where k is a constant
and k >1, as shown in Figure 2.
On separate diagrams, sketch the curve with equation
(a) y = f(x),
(b) y = f 1(x).

(3)
(2)

Show on each sketch the coordinates, in terms of k, of each point at which the curve meets or cuts the
axes.
Given that f(x) = e2x k,

(1)
(3)
(1)

(c) state the range of f,


(d) find f 1(x),
(e) write down the domain of f 1.

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6.

(a) Use the identity cos (A + B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B, to show that
cos 2A = 1 2 sin2 A

(2)
The curves C1 and C2 have equations

C1: y = 3 sin 2x
C2: y = 4 sin2 x 2 cos 2x
(b) Show that the x-coordinates of the points where C1 and C2 intersect satisfy the equation
4 cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 2

(3)
(c) Express 4cos 2x + 3 sin 2x in the form R cos (2x ), where R > 0 and 0 < < 90, giving the
value of to 2 decimal places.
(3)
(d) Hence find, for 0 x < 180, all the solutions of
4 cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 2,
giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(4)
7.

The function f is defined by


f(x) = 1

2
x 8
+
,
( x + 4)
( x 2)( x + 4)

x , x 4, x 2.

x3
.
x2
The function g is defined by

(5)

(a) Show that f (x) =

ex 3
, x , x ln 2.
ex 2
ex
(b) Differentiate g(x) to show that g(x) = x
.
(e 2) 2
(c) Find the exact values of x for which g(x) = 1
g(x) =

8.

(a) Write down sin 2x in terms of sin x and cos x.


(b) Find, for 0 < x < , all the solutions of the equation

(3)
(4)
(1)

cosec x 8 cos x = 0.

(5)

giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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1.

Jan 2010
Express

x +1
1

2
3x 3 3x + 1

as a single fraction in its simplest form.

(4)
f(x) = x3 + 2x2 3x 11

2.

(a) Show that f(x) = 0 can be rearranged as

(2)
x=

3x + 11

,
x+2

x 2.

The equation f(x) = 0 has one positive root .

The iterative formula xn + 1 =

3x n + 11

is used to find an approximation to .


xn + 2

(b) Taking x1 = 0, find, to 3 decimal places, the values of x 2 , x3 and x 4 .

(3)
(c) Show that = 2.057 correct to 3 decimal places.

(3)

3.

(a) Express 5 cos x 3 sin x in the form R cos(x + ), where R > 0 and 0 < <

1
2

.
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation


5 cos x 3 sin x = 4
for 0 x < 2, giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

(5)
4.

(i) Given that y =

ln( x 2 + 1)
dy
, find
.
x
dx

(4)
(ii) Given that x = tan y, show that

dy
1
=
.
dx 1 + x 2

(5)

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5.

Sketch the graph of y = ln |x|, stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.

(3)

6.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the graph of y = f (x).
The graph intersects the y-axis at the point (0, 1) and the point A(2, 3) is the maximum turning point.
Sketch, on separate axes, the graphs of
(i) y = f(x) + 1,
(ii) y = f(x + 2) + 3,
(iii) y = 2f(2x) .
On each sketch, show the coordinates of the point at which your graph intersects the y-axis and the
coordinates of the point to which A is transformed.
(9)

7.

(a)

By writing sec x as

1
d (sec x)
, show that
= sec x tan x.
cos x
dx

(3)
Given that y = e2x sec 3x,
dy
.
(b) find
dx
The curve with equation y = e2x sec 3x,

<x<

(4)
, has a minimum turning point at (a, b).

(c) Find the values of the constants a and b, giving your answers to 3 significant figures.

(4)
8.

Solve
cosec2 2x cot 2x = 1
for 0 x 180.

(7)

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9.

(i) Find the exact solutions to the equations


(a) ln (3x 7) = 5,

(3)
x 7x + 2

(b) 3 e

= 15.

(5)
(ii) The functions f and g are defined by
f (x) = e2x + 3,

x ,

g(x) = ln (x 1),

x ,

x > 1.

(a) Find f 1 and state its domain.

(4)
(b) Find fg and state its range.

(3)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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Jun 2010
1.

(a) Show that


sin 2
= tan .
1 + cos 2

(2)
(b) Hence find, for 180 < 180, all the solutions of
2 sin 2
= 1.
1 + cos 2
Give your answers to 1 decimal place.

(3)
2.

A curve C has equation

y=

3
,
(5 3 x ) 2

5
.
3

The point P on C has x-coordinate 2.


Find an equation of the normal to C at P in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.

(7)
3.

f(x) = 4 cosec x 4x +1,

where x is in radians.

(a) Show that there is a root of f(x) = 0 in the interval [1.2, 1.3].

(2)
(b) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 can be written in the form
1
1
x=
+
sin x
4

(2)
(c) Use the iterative formula

xn+ 1 =

1
1
+ ,
sin x n
4

x0 = 1.25,

to calculate the values of x1, x2 and x3, giving your answers to 4 decimal places.

(3)
(d) By considering the change of sign of f(x) in a suitable interval, verify that = 1.291 correct to 3
decimal places.
(2)

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4.

The function f is defined by


f : x | |2x 5|,

x .

(a) Sketch the graph with equation y = f(x), showing the coordinates of the points where the graph
cuts or meets the axes.
(2)
(b) Solve f(x) =15 + x.

(3)
The function g is defined by
g : x | x2 4x + 1,

x ,

0 x 5.

(c) Find fg(2).

(2)
(d) Find the range of g.

(3)
5.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve C with the equation y = (2x2 5x + 2)ex.
(a) Find the coordinates of the point where C crosses the y-axis.

(1)
(b) Show that C crosses the x-axis at x = 2 and find the x-coordinate of the other point where C
crosses the x-axis.
(3)
(c) Find

dy
.
dx

(3)
(d) Hence find the exact coordinates of the turning points of C.

(5)

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6.

Figure 2
Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve with the equation y = f(x), x .
The curve has a turning point at A(3, 4) and also passes through the point (0, 5).
(a) Write down the coordinates of the point to which A is transformed on the curve with equation
(i) y = |f(x)|,
(ii) y = 2f( 12 x).

(4)
(b) Sketch the curve with equation y = f(|x|).
On your sketch show the coordinates of all turning points and the coordinates of the point at
which the curve cuts the y-axis.
(3)
The curve with equation y = f(x) is a translation of the curve with equation y = x2.
(c) Find f(x).

(2)
(d) Explain why the function f does not have an inverse.

(1)

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7.

(a) Express 2 sin 1.5 cos in the form R sin ( ), where R > 0 and 0 < <

Give the value of to 4 decimal places.

(3)
(b) (i) Find the maximum value of 2 sin 1.5 cos .
(ii) Find the value of , for 0 < , at which this maximum occurs.

(3)
Tom models the height of sea water, H metres, on a particular day by the equation
4 t
4 t
H = 6 + 2 sin
1.5 cos
,
25
25

0 t <12,

where t hours is the number of hours after midday.


(c) Calculate the maximum value of H predicted by this model and the value of t, to 2 decimal
places, when this maximum occurs.
(3)
(d) Calculate, to the nearest minute, the times when the height of sea water is predicted, by this
model, to be 7 metres.
(6)

8.

(a) Simplify fully


2x 2 + 9x 5
.
x 2 + 2 x 15

(3)
Given that
ln (2x2 + 9x 5) = 1 + ln (x2 + 2x 15),

x 5,

(b) find x in terms of e.

(4)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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Jan 2011

1.

(a) Express 7 cos x 24 sin x in the form R cos (x + ) where R > 0 and 0 < <
Give the value of to 3 decimal places.

(3)
(b) Hence write down the minimum value of 7 cos x 24 sin x.

(1)
(c) Solve, for 0 x < 2, the equation
7 cos x 24 sin x = 10,
giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

(5)
2.

(a) Express
4x 1
3

2( x 1) 2( x 1)(2 x 1)
as a single fraction in its simplest form.

(4)
Given that
f(x) =

4x 1
3

2,
2( x 1) 2( x 1)(2 x 1)

x > 1,

(b) show that


f(x) =

3
.
2x 1

(2)
(c) Hence differentiate f(x) and find f (2).

(3)

3.

Find all the solutions of


2 cos 2 = 1 2 sin
in the interval 0 < 360.

(6)

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4.

Joan brings a cup of hot tea into a room and places the cup on a table. At time t minutes after Joan
places the cup on the table, the temperature, C, of the tea is modelled by the equation

= 20 + Aekt,
where A and k are positive constants.
Given that the initial temperature of the tea was 90 C,
(a) find the value of A.

(2)
The tea takes 5 minutes to decrease in temperature from 90 C to 55 C.
(b) Show that k =

1
ln 2.
5

(3)
(c) Find the rate at which the temperature of the tea is decreasing at the instant when t = 10. Give
your answer, in C per minute, to 3 decimal places.
(3)

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5.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation y = f(x) , where
f(x) = (8 x) ln x,

x > 0.

The curve cuts the x-axis at the points A and B and has a maximum turning point at Q, as shown in
Figure 1.
(a) Write down the coordinates of A and the coordinates of B.

(2)
(b) Find f (x).

(3)
(c) Show that the x-coordinate of Q lies between 3.5 and 3.6

(2)
(d) Show that the x-coordinate of Q is the solution of
x=

8
.
1 + ln x

(3)
To find an approximation for the x-coordinate of Q, the iteration formula
xn +1 =

8
1 + ln x n

is used.
(e) Taking x0 = 3.55, find the values of x1 , x 2 and x3 .
Give your answers to 3 decimal places.

(3)

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6.

The function f is defined by


f: x a

3 2x
,
x5

x ,

x 5.

(a) Find f1(x).


(3)

Figure 2
The function g has domain 1 x 8, and is linear from (1, 9) to (2, 0) and from (2, 0) to (8, 4).
Figure 2 shows a sketch of the graph of y = g(x).
(b) Write down the range of g.
(1)
(c) Find gg(2).
(2)
(d) Find fg(8).
(2)
(e) On separate diagrams, sketch the graph with equation
(i) y = g(x),
(ii) y = g1(x).
Show on each sketch the coordinates of each point at which the graph meets or cuts the axes.
(4)
(f) State the domain of the inverse function g1.
(1)

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7.

The curve C has equation


y=
(a) Show that

3 + sin 2 x
.
2 + cos 2 x

dy
6 sin 2 x + 4 cos 2 x + 2
=
dx
(2 + cos 2 x) 2

(4)
(b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point on C where x =

Write your answer in the form y = ax + b, where a and b are exact constants.

(4)

8.

Given that
d
(cos x) = sin x,
dx
(a) show that

d
(sec x) = sec x tan x.
dx

(3)
Given that
x = sec 2y,
(b) find

dx
in terms of y.
dy

(2)
(c) Hence find

dy
in terms of x.
dx

(4)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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Jun 2011
1.

Differentiate with respect to x


(a) ln (x2 + 3x + 5),

(2)
(b)

cos x
.
x2

(3)
0 x < 2.

f (x) = 2 sin (x2) + x 2,

2.

(a) Show that f (x) = 0 has a root between x = 0.75 and x = 0.85.

(2)
The equation f (x) = 0 can be written as x = [arcsin (1 0.5 x)] .
1
2

(b) Use the iterative formula


xn + 1 = [arcsin (1 0.5 x n )]2 ,
1

x0 = 0.8,

to find the values of x1 , x 2 and x3 , giving your answers to 5 decimal places.

(3)
(c) Show that = 0.80157 is correct to 5 decimal places.

(3)
3.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows part of the graph of y = f (x), x .
The graph consists of two line segments that meet at the point R (4, 3), as shown in Figure 1.
Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(a) y = 2f(x + 4),

(3)
(b) y = |f(x)| .

(3)
On each diagram, show the coordinates of the point corresponding to R.

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4.

The function f is defined by


f : x a 4 ln (x + 2),

x , x 1.

(a) Find f 1(x).

(3)
1

(b) Find the domain of f .

(1)
The function g is defined by
2

g : x a e x 2,

x .

(c) Find fg(x), giving your answer in its simplest form.

(3)
(d) Find the range of fg.

(1)
5.

The mass, m grams, of a leaf t days after it has been picked from a tree is given by
m = pekt,
where k and p are positive constants.
When the leaf is picked from the tree, its mass is 7.5 grams and 4 days later its mass is 2.5 grams.
(a) Write down the value of p.

(1)
(b) Show that k =

1
ln 3.
4

(4)
(c) Find the value of t when

dm
= 0.6 ln 3.
dt

(6)
6.

(a) Prove that

1
cos 2

= tan ,
sin 2
sin 2

90n, n .
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise,


(i) show that tan 15 = 2 3,

(3)
(ii) solve, for 0 < x < 360,
cosec 4x cot 4x = 1.

(5)

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7.

f(x) =

4x 5
2x
2
,
(2 x + 1)( x 3)
x 9

f(x) =

5
.
(2 x + 1)( x + 3)

x 3, x

1
.
2

(a) Show that

(5)
5

The curve C has equation y = f (x). The point P 1, lies on C.


2

(b) Find an equation of the normal to C at P.

(8)

8.

(a) Express 2 cos 3x 3 sin 3x in the form R cos (3x + ), where R and are constants, R > 0 and 0
<<

. Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

(4)
f(x) = e2x cos 3x.
(b) Show that f (x) can be written in the form
f (x) = Re2x cos (3x + ),
where R and are the constants found in part (a).

(5)
(c) Hence, or otherwise, find the smallest positive value of x for which the curve with equation y =
f(x) has a turning point.
(3)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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Jan 2012
1.

Differentiate with respect to x, giving your answer in its simplest form,


(a) x2 ln (3x),

(4)
(b)

sin 4 x
.
x3

(5)

2.

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the graph of equation y = f(x).
The points P ( 3, 0) and Q (2, 4) are stationary points on the graph.
Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(a) y = 3f(x + 2),

(3)
(b) y = f(x).

(3)
On each diagram, show the coordinates of any stationary points.

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3.

The area, A mm2, of a bacterial culture growing in milk, t hours after midday, is given by
A = 20e1.5t,

t 0.

(a) Write down the area of the culture at midday.

(1)
(b) Find the time at which the area of the culture is twice its area at midday. Give your answer to the
nearest minute.
(5)

4.

The point P is the point on the curve x = 2 tan y + with y-coordinate .


4
12

Find an equation of the normal to the curve at P.

(7)

5.

Solve, for 0 180,

2 cot2 3 = 7 cosec 3 5.

Give your answers in degrees to 1 decimal place.

(10)

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0 x .

f(x) = x2 3x + 2 cos ( 12 x),

6.

(a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 has a solution in the interval 0.8 < x < 0.9.

(2)
The curve with equation y = f(x) has a minimum point P.
(b) Show that the x-coordinate of P is the solution of the equation
3 + sin ( 12 x)
x=
.
2

(4)
(c) Using the iteration formula
xn + 1 =

3 + sin ( 12 x n )
,
2

x0 = 2,

find the values of x1, x2 and x3 , giving your answers to 3 decimal places.

(3)
(d) By choosing a suitable interval, show that the x-coordinate of P is 1.9078 correct to 4 decimal
places.
(3)

7.

The function f is defined by


f:x a

(a) Show that f(x) =

3( x + 1)
1

,
2
x+4
2x + 7x 4

x , x >

1
.
2

1
.
2x 1

(4)
(b) Find f 1(x).

(3)
1

(c) Find the domain of f .

(1)
g(x) = ln (x + 1).
(d) Find the solution of fg(x) =

1
, giving your answer in terms of e.
7

(4)

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8.

(a) Starting from the formulae for sin (A + B) and cos (A + B), prove that
tan (A + B) =

tan A + tan B
.
1 tan A tan B

(4)
(b) Deduce that
1 + 3 tan

tan + =
.
6
3 tan

(3)
(c) Hence, or otherwise, solve, for 0 ,
1 + 3 tan = (3 tan ) tan ( ).
Give your answers as multiples of .

(6)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

46

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