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Dr Sandeep Dogra
MD, MNAMS
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Microbiology
Govt. Medical College, Jammu
Overview
The agent
Taxonomy
Reservoir
Transmission
Pathogenesis
The agent
Enveloped, non-segmented,
negative-stranded RNA virus
Prototype Viral Hemorrhagic
Fever Pathogen
First appeared in 1976 in 2
outbreaks
Derived its name from a river
in Congo called Ebola
Caused more than 20 outbreaks
in Africa since than
Taxonomy
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Filoviridae
Genus: Ebola like viruses
Species: Ebola
Subtypes:
Reservoir of infection
Zoonotic virus
Fruit bats - most likely reservoir
Hypsignathus monstrosus
Epomops franqueti
Myonycteris torquata
Transmission
In Africa, Ebola may spread as a result of
hunting, processing, and consuming infected
animals (e.g., bush meat)
Human-to-human transmission of Ebola virus
via inhalation (aerosols) has NOT been
demonstrated
Remains from deceased infected persons are
highly infectious
Close contact and health care workers get
frequently infected while treating the patient
Pathogenesis
WHO. Ebola virus disease. Fact Sheet No. 103. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 2014.
Pathogenesis
Immune dysregulation
High mortality rate believed to be the result of
virus proteins capability of defeating the
immune system by:
Complement mediated antibody-dependent
enhancement of infection
Inhibition of multiple interferon pathways
Infected macrophages inducing apoptosis in
lymphocytes
Philippe Calain
Chief Epidemiologist
CDC Special Pathogens Branch
"At the end of the disease the patient does not look, from
the outside, as horrible as you can read in some books.
They are not melting. They are not full of blood. They're
in shock, muscular shock. They are not unconscious, but
you would say 'obtunded', dull, quiet, very tired. Very
few were hemorrhaging. Hemorrhage is not the main
symptom. Less than half of the patients had some kind
of hemorrhage. But the ones that had bled, died"
Summary
Humans are actually just an accidental host
Human-to-human transmission by direct
contact
More information
www.cdc.gov
www.who.int