Sunteți pe pagina 1din 17

8.3.2.

Terms of Use
(1) The restraints section of all structural walls, for horizontal forces computation, to which
defines the number of levels nniv will be considered as follows:
(a) at the top of the foundation structure for the building without basement;
(b) at the basement slab for dense walls buildings (Honeycomb system) and rare wall buildings
(cellular system) for which were provided additional walls in the basement (dense walls basement)
in the idea to obtain a stiff and strength box;
(c) above the foundation for walls for dense walls buildings (Honeycomb system) and rare wall
buildings (cellular system) for which were not provided additional walls in the basement (rare
walls basement);
(2) The maximum number of levels above embedding section (nniv) of buildings with masonry
walls, to which the provisions of this Code, is limited by:
- Design ground acceleration at the site (ag);
- Class of regularity / irregularity as defined structure 8.3.3.;
- Important class of building, established under 4.4.5;
- Type / composition masonry (ZNA, ZC, ZC + AR, ZIA);
- Masonry group defined according to 8.2.1.
(3) The density of masonry structural walls for buildings, interior + exterior, on each of the main
directions of the building is defined by the percentage ratio between the total net area of the walls
masonry (Az,net) on that direction, relative to floor area at that level (Apl)
,
(%) = 100

8.3.2.1. Terms of use for structures with unreinforced masonry walls (ZNA/URM)
(1) Because of lower ability to dissipate seismic energy due to low tensile strength perpendicular
to the point of settlement and to the main tensile efforts, and reduced ductility impairments who
will conduct to brittle failures, we recommend the use of unreinforced masonry walls structures
(ZNA/URM) to be avoided.
(2) structures with unreinforced masonry walls (ZNA/URM) with masonry elements defined in
8.2.1 shall be used, as provided in Table 8.8, only if all the below conditions are fulfil:
(a) building qualify as "regularly building in plan and elevation";
(b) building falls in importance classes III or IV;
(c) the building have dense structural masonry walls (Honeycomb system);
(d) the level high hetaj 3.00 m;
(e) vertical and horizontal elements are provided to ensure the structural integrity of the
walls and 3d concurrence according to (4)
(f) the requirements for constructing masonry and floors of this Code are fulfil;
(g) the materials used satisfy the requirements from par.8.2 of this Code.
(3) the use of structures with unreinforced masonry structural walls (ZNA/URM) for buildings of
importance classes I and II is not allowed in all seismic zones regardless of the number of levels
above section embedding (nniv).

(4) The structure with unreinforced masonry walls with nniv 2 ( P +1 E) for seismic zones with
ag 0.25 g, regardless of the material, geometrical and mechanical characteristics of masonry,
shall be provided with RC beams and columns belts in the positions specified in 8.5.4.2.1. (1) To
ensure the integrity of the whole building in different advanced solicitation stages under the effect
of earthquakes exceeding acceleration ag set in Figure 3.1 for that site.
The strength of these elements will not be considered for calculation of design strength for
structural walls and even for assembly safety.
(5) The maximum number of levels above embedding section (nniv) for buildings with unreinforced
masonry structural walls (ZNA/URM) and the minimum constructive associated density of the
structural walls - (p%), on each of the main directions, depending of the design horizontal
acceleration (ag) are given in Table 8.8.

Table 8.8. - The maximum number of levels above embedding section and the minimum
constructive associated density of the structural walls - (p %) for unreinforced masonry walls
structures.

nniv

1 (P)
2 (P+1E)
3 (P+2E)

The design horizontal acceleration (ag)


0.10g and 0.15g
0.20g and 0.25g
0.30g and 0.40g
Burnt clay Burnt clay Burnt clay Burnt clay Burnt clay Burnt clay
from gr. 1 from gr. 2S from gr. 1 from gr. 2S from gr. 1 from gr. 2S
and 2
and AAC
and 2
and AAC
and 2
and AAC
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
5.5%
4.5%
5.0%
5.5%
6.0%
NA
NA
5.0%
5.5%
NA
NA
NA not allowed the use of unreinforced masonry

(6) The values from Table 8.8 refers to the first level above the embedding section.
For all the other levels is allowed a wall density reducing up to 1 % per level keeping the regularly
conditions in elevation.
(7) In the case of buildings with ZNA/URM structural walls the attic and / or linked construction
(drying, washing, etc.) - as defined in 8.3.2.2 (5) shall be considered a "level" and must be included
in the total levels number admitted in Table 8.5 even if the special conditions for constructive
composition from 8.3.2.2 (4).
(8) structures with unreinforced masonry structural walls (ZNA/URM) with masonry elements
defined in 8.2.1 can be used in all seismic zones without checking seismic design safety case for:
- buildings with one level above the embedding section with household annexes function
that accommodate low value goods where people access is random;
- Temporary buildings with lower utilization period of less than three years (for construction
site organization for example).

Table 8.9. - The maximum number of levels above embedding section and the minimum
constructive associated density of the structural walls - (p %) for reinforced masonry walls
structures.
The design horizontal acceleration (ag)
0.10g and 0.15g
0.20g and 0.25g
0.30g and 0.40g
nniv
Burnt clay Burnt clay Burnt clay Burnt clay Burnt clay Burnt clay
from gr. 1 from gr. 2S from gr. 1 from gr. 2S from gr. 1 from gr. 2S
and 2
and AAC
and 2
and AAC
and 2
and AAC
1 (P)
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
5.5%
3.0%
4.0%
2 (P+1E)
3.5%
4.5%
5.5%
6.0%
3 (P+2E)
4.0%
5.0%
5.5%
6.0%
6.5%
4.0%
4 (P+3E)
5.0%
6.0%
6.0%
6.5%
**
5 (P+4E)
5.0%*
5.5%*
**
**
**
NA
- For these situations ZC+AR or ZIA necessarily to be used
** - Only for art. 8.3.2 (7) conditions
NA not allowed the use of unreinforced masonry
(2) The density of structural walls set out in Table 8.9 refers to the first level above the embedding
section. For all the other levels is allowed a wall density reducing up to 1 % per level keeping the
regularly conditions in elevation.
If by this reduction, regularity conditions are not satisfied, the base shear calculation will be done
using the modal method, as appropriate, using for computation 2D or 3D models in accordance
with Table 4.1 of the Code.
(3) In the seismic zones with ag=0,15g and ag=0,20g at least 75 % of the base shear force,
calculated in accordance with 8.4.2, should be taken with confined masonry structural walls with
RC column belts (ties) at both edges or reinforced core masonry walls. In seismic zones ag0,25g
the base shear force must be absorbed completely by confined masonry structural walls with RC
column belts (ties) at both edges or reinforced core masonry walls.
In both cases, position, size and reinforcement of the RC column belts (ties) must comply with this
Chapter.
(4) In the case of buildings made with reinforced masonry (ZC, ZC+AR and ZIA) with a attic over
the last current level, it does not include this in the number of levels above maximum allowable
embedding section in Table 8.9 only if the following conditions constructive:
(a) The minimum wall constructive density from the Table 8.9 shall be increased by 1.0%;
(b) Perimeter masonry walls do not exceed the average height of 1.25 m;
(c) Partition walls are light type (gypsum-cartoon or similar);
(d) Wooden roof is designed so that it's not pushing out of plane the perimeter walls;
(e) The masonry structural walls in the attic is confined with RC column belts (ties) in the
continuation of the lower level;
(f) At the top of the attic masonry walls a RC beam belt (tie) is provided.

If at least one of these conditions is not met, the attic will be considered "level" and the building
will fall, in terms of height and density of the structural walls, under the conditions given in Table
8.9.
(5) When above the current top level slab of the building made with reinforced masonry (ZC,
ZC+AR and ZIA) are provided linked construction (drying, washing, etc.) occupying more than
20 % of the current level area and whose height is not greater than its height, these rooms are
regarded as a prominent of the main building and will be treated as specified in (6) without being
considered as "level" within the limits given in Table 8.9.
(6) If the buildings referred to in (5) the calculation of shear forces by equivalent static method
will be as follows:
(a) Base shear force (Fb) for the whole building (with total mass m) is calculated as
in 8.4.2. Considering the prominence mass (mp) is added at the last level mass.
(b) Base shear force (Fbp) for the mass (mp) is calculated using the equation (8.2):

= 2 (
(7) The maximum number of levels above embedding section (nniv) given in Table 8.9 can be
exceeded with a level, but not exceeding the height of P+4E for the seismic zones with ag0,15g,
if the following two conditions are fulfil:
- Use masonry and mortar with which we obtain the characteristic compressive strength of
masonry fk 4,5 N/sq.mm;
- Structural safety is verified by computing a nonlinear static procedure (biographical) as in
4.5.3.5.2.
(8) In the same conditions as in (7) are accepted the decrease by not more than 20% of the minimum
wall density (p %) specified in Table 8.9, but without that it becomes less than 3 %.
(9) The provisions of (7) and (8) shall not apply to the structures with an overstrength factor as
defined in 8.3.4 (2) is set to u/1=1.0.
(10) Providing the minimum constructive walls density in project (p%), as shown in tables 8.8 and
8.9 and/or a minimum characteristic strength of masonry from Tables 8.2 8.5 does not ensure
safety requirement in all cases of Architectural-Structural Composition of the building for all
seismic zones, and therefore does not remove the obligation of the designer to check the calculation
of this requirement.
8.3.3. Geometric and structural regularity and irregularity
(1) The specific geometric and structural regularity criteria in plan and elevation for buildings with
structural walls of masonry used for seismic design situation is identical to that used for persistent
design situation and transient design situation detailed in the Code CR 6 and are in accordance
with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this P100/1-2013.
8.3.4. Behavioral factors
(1) The behavior factors "q" for masonry walls structures will be taken from Table 8.10.

Table 8.10. The behavior factors "q" for masonry walls buildings
Regularity
The behavior factors "q" for masonry walls buildings for:
Plan
Elevation
ZNA
ZC
ZC+AR
ZIA
Yes
Yes
1.75u/1
2.25u/1
2.50u/1
2.75u/1
No
Yes
Yes
No
1.50u/1
2.00u/1
2.25u/1
2.50u/1
No
No
1. For the one level structures the q values from this table are reduced by 15%.
2. For ZC+AR structures the q values from this table are used only if in all the walls which
contribute to seismic force taking like in art. 8.3.2.2(3) the horizontal reinforcement from
the bed joints satisfy the requirement form P100/1-2013. If all these requirements are
not satisfied than the ZC values are used.
(2) The overstrength factor is defined by the expression u/1, in which:
- u represents 90% of the horizontal seismic force that, if the effects of other actions remain
constant, the structure reaches the maximum lateral capable force;
- 1 represents the horizontal seismic force which, if the effects of other actions remain constant,
the first structural element reaches ultimate strength value (for bending with axial force or shear).
(3) Calculation of overstrength factor can be done using any method of static nonlinear analysis.
Values u/1obtained by calculation shall not exceed by more than 25% of the standard values
given in (4).
(4) If there is not a non-linear static calculation according to (3) for buildings with nniv 2, where
the masonry constitutive law with specific strains mu/ml>>1.0, values u/1 shall be taken as
follows:
- Buildings with unreinforced masonry structures (ZNA): u/1=1.10
- Buildings with reinforced masonry (ZC, ZC+AR, ZIA): u u/1=1.25
(5) Masonry structures with linear constitutive law with mu/ml 1.0 for all types of burnt clay
masonry and AAC, behavior factors q are taken as follows:
- Unreinforced masonry (ZNA): q = 1.50
- Confined masonry (ZC) and confined masonry and reinforced in the horizontal bed joints
(ZC+AR): q = 2.0.
8.4. Seismic calculation of masonry buildings
(1) Seismic computation for masonry buildings with structural walls will follow the principles and
general rules of P100/1-2013, par. 4.5 with specific data indicating in the followings.
(2) The elastic response spectra will be calculated using the equation (A.7.1.) of the P100/1-2013
Code. Correction factor given by equation (A.7.2) will take = 0.88, corresponding to the fraction
of critical damping = 8%.

8.4.1. Terms of service


(1) The structural analysis model must adequately represent the stiffness properties of the entire
structural system.
(2) Determination of sectional efforts (N, M, V) in structural walls and determination of lateral
displacements of the structure can be done by manual calculation procedures or by any computer
program based on recognized principles of structural mechanics.
(3) The elastic stiffness of elements is calculated considering flexural and shear deformations of
the non-cracked masonry.
(4) The most accurate results are obtained using masonry cracked stiffness.
(a) the unreinforced masonry walls (ZNA):
(i) geometrical characteristics of non-cracked section masonry;
(ii) of the value of secant modulus of masonry short term (Ez) with the value
calculated according to the characteristic strength fk;
(iii) of the value of transverse modulus (Gz);
(b) confined masonry (ZC) and reinforced core masonry (ZIA):
(i) the geometric characteristics of the whole non-cracked section (masonry and
concrete)
(ii) of the value of elastic modulus equivalent of short duration (EZC (ZIA));
(iii) of the amount equivalent transverse modulus (GZC (ZIA)).
(5) The reinforced concrete coupling beams (spandrels) stiffness will take into account the values
used for calculation of buildings with reinforced concrete structural walls (see CR2 -1 -1).
(6) Calculation model for unreinforced masonry walls with openings shall not take into account
the effect of coupling beams (spandrels). They will be armed so constructive that spandrels failure
to precede the piers failure by local crushing of masonry.
(7) For the seismic design the slabs of the masonry buildings are classified in terms of horizontal
stiffness to:
- Rigid horizontal slabs;
- Slab with insignificant horizontal stiffness.
(8) For the current buildings with masonry walls, the calculation model can consider the slabs
without further checks as rigid horizontal diaphragms if the voids not significantly weak them,
without verification by calculation the slabs which have the following composition:
- Monolithic reinforced concrete slabs or continue to RC continuous toping monolith precast
slab with thickness 60 mm, reinforced with a steel mesh with area 250 sq. mm/m in
each direction;
- Slabs made of precast RC panels or semi-panels perimetraly combined with steel welded
loops and cast in place concrete;
- Slabs made of prefabricated "strips" with loops or connecting bars at the extremities and
with a continue RC topping thickness 60 mm, reinforced with a steel mesh with area
250 sq. mm/m in each direction (58/m).
(9) The slab that does not fully satisfy the provisions of (8) can be considered rigid in the horizontal
plan if, when modeled with its real flexibility in the plan, the calculated horizontal displacements
for the seismic design situation do not exceed anywhere with more than 10 % the corresponding
absolute horizontal displacement.

(10) The following slabs categories will be considered with insignificant stiffness in the horizontal
plane:
(a) "Strips" precast slabs of with loops or connecting bars at the extremities;
(b) Precast concrete slabs with small dimensions or from ceramic blocks, without a RC
topping or unreinforced mortar topping with thickness 30 mm;
(c) Wood floors.
(11) In the current buildings, irrespective of masonry (ZNA, ZC, and ZIA) in seismic zones
ag0,30g does not accept provision of partial slabs (subgrades). In areas with ag0,25g seismic
force for buildings with subgrade partial slabs will be determined by modal analysis with response
spectrum.
(12) For walls with doors and/or windows openings, the horizontal masonry elements will be
considered as coupling beams (spandrels) only if are actually woven with piers and both are
connected with the beam belts (ties) and with the lintels (if it is separated from the slab belt).
(13) The base shear forces for structural walls determined by linear elastic calculation in
accordance with paragraphs 4.4.3 and 8.4.2.1. from this code may be redistributed between the
walls of the same direction, provided that the overall balance to be satisfied and that the shear force
in each wall to be not reduced/increased by more than 20 %.
Redistribution is allowed only for masonry with constitutive law with a linear-rectangular
shaped mu>>ml and does not apply in case of brittle masonry with muml and only if the slabs
have sufficient strength established under the Code CR 6 Chapter 6.
8.5.2. The design of the superstructure
8.5.2.1. Structural walls
8.5.2.1.1. General conditions
(1) All masonry walls that meet the conditions in 8.1.1. (3) shall be considered "structural walls"
and will be designed in accordance with this chapter.
(2) Masonry walls that do not meet the conditions in 8.1.1. (3) shall be considered "non-structural
walls" and will be calculated and composed for persistent design situation and transient design
situation according to CR 6 Code for Seismic Design according to the provisions of Chapter 10 of
P100/1-2013.
(3) The structures of current multistorey buildings, are classified as follows:
- Structures with dense structural walls (honeycomb system);
- Structures with rare structural walls (cellular system).
- Mixed structures (dual) which have a structural walls subsystem who works together with
a RC frame subsystem for seismic design.
8.5.2.1.2. Masonry areas and geometry requirements for walls
(1) The required net areas of structural walls on both principal directions of the building will be
determined by calculation. These values must be at least equal to those in Tables 8.8 and 8.9 or
lower values according to 8.3.2.2. (7) and 8.3.2.2. (8).
(2) The minimum length (lmin) of the adjacent piers to door and window openings are limited,
according to the greatest height of adjacent openings (hgol) and wall thickness (t) as follows:
(a) unreinforced masonry (ZNA):
- Edge piers for the facade and interior walls: lmin = 0.5 hgol 1.00 m
- Intermediary piers for the facade and interior walls: lmin = 0.4 hgol 0.80 m
(b) confined masonry (ZC and ZC + AR):

- Edge piers for the facade and interior walls: lmin =0.5hgol 1.00 m
- Intermediary piers for the facade and interior walls: lmin=0.4hgol 0.80 m
(c) For reinforced core masonry (ZIA): lmin=3t where t is the total thickness of the wall.

Figure 8.1. Layout plan of voids in masonry walls


3) The ratio between the inplane areas of the doors and windows openings and full masonry
areas will be limited to the values in Table 8.11. To determine the ratio are taken into account
only vertical elements continued until the foundation and having a size at least equal to the
minimum values given in (2).
Table 8.11. Ratio between the inplane areas of doors and windows openings and full masonry
areas
Acceleration ag
Exterior walls

Interior walls

0.10g
nniv3
1.50
nniv4.5
1.25
nniv3
0.55
nniv4.5
0.45

0.15g
nniv3
1.25
nniv4
1.00
nniv3
0.45
nniv4
0.35

0.20g and 0.25g

0.30g and 0.40g

1.00

0.80

0.35

0.25

(4) The minimum thickness of structural walls for structural safety requirements, regardless of the
material the masonry elements it is made shall be 240 mm.
To meet other essential requirements, wall thickness shall be determined in accordance with
specific regulations in use.
(5) Regardless the results of strength calculations, the ratio between the level height (het) and
structural wall thickness (t) must satisfy the following conditions:
- Unreinforced masonry (ZNA) het/t12;
- Confined masonry (ZC) and reinforced core masonry (ZIA): het/t15.

8.5.2.1.3. Sections of masonry weakened by gaps and slits.


(1) The provisions apply to common persistent design situation and transient design situation given
in the Code CR 6, regardless of seismic zone, the building height and materials of masonry made.
8.5.2.2. Slabs
(1) To design the slabs will take into account the common provisions for persistent design situation
and transient design situation, the general conditions given in P100/1-2013, art.4.4.4, and any
specific provisions from below.
(2) The slabs with insignificant horizontal stiffness are permitted only for:
-

Top slab of buildings with walls masonry with a single level with or without attic - (P)
or (P+M), for seismic zones with ag=0.10g;
- Intermediate slabs of buildings with two and three levels (P+1E 2E) important classes
III and IV in seismic zones with ag0,15g (excepting the slab above the basement);
(3) For the case of slabs with large voids will observe the general conditions given in 4.4.4.5 and
the provisions of (4) and (5).
(4) The large voids positions will be set that does not reduced the stiffness and strength of the slabs
and ensure the transfer of the horizontal forces to the structural walls without major concentration
of efforts. To this aim, must avoid positioning the openings at the corners of the slabs, near the
contour walls or joining several neigbour openings.

Figure 8.2. Placing large openings in slabs


(5) In cases where the significant weakening of the slabs through goals can not be avoided will
take into account the effect of finite stiffness of the slab by adopting a computational 3D model.
8.5.3. The infrastructure design
(1) The establishment of infrastructure for buildings with masonry walls shall comply with the
general provisions for persistent design situation and transient design situation, the general
principles and specific provisions 4.4.1.7 data given below.
(2) Sizing foundations, sockets and basement walls will be made by calculation to satisfy the
strength conditions for the effects resulting from the fundamental loading group. Dimensions thus
obtained will be checked for the effects of seismic loading group.

(3) In seismic zones with ag0.25g, sizing foundations, plinth and basement walls, seismic action
effects are taken into account by the design strength values for bending with axial force in the
elevation of the wall determined considering the reinforcement strength increased with 25 %. In
the coupled walls case will take into account also the axial force changing corresponding to shear
strength of the coupling beams (spandrels) design (indirect axial forces).
8.5.3.1. Structural walls foundations
(1) The walls masonry foundations will be continue flange.
(2) As an exception to (1) in areas with seismic design acceleration ag0.15g in the case of low
vertical load (buildingsP+1E+M) for buildings of importance classes III and IV, normal
foundation soil with conventional pressure pconv > 200 kPa, can provide even isolated foundations
with plain concrete, connected with reinforced concrete beams in both directions.
8.5.3.2. Sockets
(1) If no basement constructions, the sockets and foundations shall be made of reinforced concrete,
except mentioned in (2).
(2) In land locations with normal foundation soils for building importance class III, nniv 3, in
seismic areas with ag0.15g and construction of importance class IV in all seismic zones, the
socket can be made of plain concrete when the computation results under the loads mentioned in
8.5.3. (2) allows the solution.
8.5.3.3. Basement walls
(1) The basement walls of buildings with masonry structural walls will be made of reinforced
concrete except as provided in (2).
(2) In land locations with normal foundation soils for building importance class III, nniv3, in
seismic areas with ag0.15g and construction of importance class IV in all seismic zones, basement
walls can be made of plain concrete when the computation results under the loads mentioned in
8.5.3. (2) allows the solution.
(3) In the seismic zones with ag0.25g will avoid significant weakening of the basement walls by
openings, areas with low strength will be verified by calculation and, if necessary, adopt solutions
to enhance their strength.
(4) For the buildings with masonry wall disposed in cellular system, in seismic areas with
ag0.25g, except to the extent of (3) is recommended to increase the rigidity of the basement walls
by introducing additional walls (dense walls basement system).
8.5.3.4. Infrastructure slabs
(1) The slab above the basement will be from reinforced concrete regardless of the seismic zone,
the building height and materials of masonry made.

8.5.4. Specific design rules for building made of masonry structural walls
(1) For the design of structural walls and slabs shall meet the general rules in Section 8.5.2. and
specific rules given below.
(2) It is recommended that the in plane dimensions of full masonry zones, between openings or to
the edges of the wall to be a multiple of the length of masonry elements.
(3) The condition from (2) is mandatory for masonry made of burnt clay elements from Group 2B,
in this case, to eliminate the cutting/breaking of the elements onto the site, only special elements
with equal length with submultiple of a nominal length of those varieties can use. If modulation is
not performed will increase the size of the RC column belts (ties).
(4) In the case of masonries with the reference height of the row 200 mm the masonry panel
height, in-between the reinforced concrete beam belts (ties) will be a multiple of the row height
(element height plus the thickness of the mortar about 10 12 mm).

Figure 8.3. Masonry modulation concerning the size of the masonry elements
(5) In case of buildings with slabs made of linear elements (which discharge in one direction) in
all seismic zones and irrespective of masonry type (ZNA, ZC or ZIA) will provide constructive
measures to anchor at each slab, of the exterior structural walls disposed parallel to the main
elements of the slab.
It is recommended that all structural walls be loaded directly on the contour of the floor.
8.5.4.2. Specific rules for buildings with unreinforced masonry structural walls (ZNA)
(1) All buildings with unreinforced masonry structural walls, regardless of masonry elements and
mortars used will have RC column belts (ties) with a constructive disposal, according to seismic
zone in concordance with 8.5.4.2.1. (1).
(2) Over e door and window openings will provide RC lintels connected, usually with beam belts
(ties) from the slab.
(3) For buildings located in seismic zones with ag0.15g in the connection areas between
perpendicular walls (corners, bends and junctions) will provide reinforcement in horizontal joints
in accordance with 8.5.4.2.4.

8.5.4.3. Specific rules for buildings with confined masonry structural walls (ZC)
(1) In the buildings with masonry walls, regardless of masonry elements and mortar used will be
provided vertical RC column belts (ties) and horizontal beam belts (ties) with a disposal as follows:
(a) For buildings made with ZNA - items with constructive role;
(b) For buildings made with ZC and ZC+AR - elements with structural role.
(2) The plane and vertical positions and the sizes of cross-section and longitudinal and transverse
reinforcement for column belts (ties) and beam belts (ties) shall be determined taking into account
the effects of vertical load and seismic design forces under the conditions specified below.
8.5.4.3.1. Column belts (ties) requirements
(1) In all buildings with simple masonry walls (ZNA) with elements of burnt clay bricks and AAC,
it will provide as a constructive measure, RC column belts (ties) in the following position (Figure
8.4 a):
(a) For ag0.15g seismic areas at all outside corners and entering corners of the building
outline (SC1)
(b) For seismic zones 0.15g<ag0.25g at all outside corners and entering corners of the
building outline (SC1) and staircase (SC2).
(2) In confined masonry wall buildings (ZC) with elements of burnt clay bricks and AAC, the RC
column belts (ties) will be located in the following position (Figure 8.4b):
(a) at all external corners and entering corners of the building contours (S1);
(b) at the free edges of each wall;
(c) on both sides of any opening (S3) with area 2.5 sqm. in seismic zones with ag0.20g
and on both sides of every opening area 1.5 sqm. In the seismic areas with ag0.25g, the
small openings will be lined with RC column belts (ties) if their necessity or requirement
calculations resulting from a computation or from d;
(d) along the wall (S2) so that the distance between the RC column belts (ties) axes do not
exceed:
(i) 5.0 m for structures with dense walled structures (honeycomb system);
(ii) 4.0 m in the case of rare - walled structures (cellular system);
(e) At the intersections of the walls, if the nearest RC column belt (tie) placed under the
above rules are at a distance greater than 3t where t is the wall thickness;
(f) In all the piers which have not the minimum length specified in art.8.5.2.1.2 (2).

(a) RC column belts (ties) constructive


(b) RC column belts (ties)
for ZC
positioning for ZNA buildings
buildings
Figure 8.4. RC column belts (ties) placing concrete in ZNA and ZC masonry structures
(3) The RC column belts (ties) will run the entire height of the building.
(4) The cross section of RC column belts (ties) will satisfy the following conditions:
(a) Cross-sectional area 625sqcm;
(b) Minimum side 25cm.
(5) RC column belts (ties) reinforcement will determine by calculation the following minimum
conditions:
(a) the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement:
(i) 1.0 % for ag0.25g seismic areas;
(ii) 0.8% for seismic zones with ag=0.15g and ag=0.20g.
(iii) 0.6% for seismic zones with ag=0.10g.
(b) longitudinal bars diameter 12mm;
(c) transverse reinforcement:
(i) closed stirrups with 6 mm;
(ii) the distance between stirrups : 15cm in the current field and 10 cm in the
spliced length of the longitudinal bars and on 60 cm at intersections with beam belts
(ties) (above and below the belt).
(6) The longitudinal bars of RC column belts (ties) from the last level will be anchored in the beam
belts (ties) of the last level according to EN 1992-1-1.
(7) The splice of the longitudinal bars in RC column belts (ties) shall be made by overlapping,
without hooks, on a length 50, in the base section (embedded section), overlapping the
longitudinal bars of the superstructure RC column belts (ties) with longitudinal substructure RC
column belts (ties) will be on a length 60.

8.5.4.3.2. RC beam belts (ties) requirements


(1) For all buildings, regardless of the composition of masonry (ZNA, ZC or ZIA) and the seismic
area the RC beam belts (ties) will provide in the walls plane:
(a) on each floor slab, regardless of the material it is made (RC or wood) and its production
technology;
(b) the intermediate position, for the multistorey buildings with rare-walled structural
system (cellular system) and construction type "audience hall/warehouse" whose structural
walls have height > 3.20 m, in seismic areas with ag0.15 g, or > 4.00 m in seismic zones
with ag=0.10g.
(2) If the attic or uncirculated loft buildings with wood roofs will provide all belts at the top of
exceeding the last slab walls.
(3) The belts provided under (1) shall be continuous for the entire length of the wall and will form
closed contours. The RC beam belts (ties) from the current and the roof levels will not be
interrupted by doors and windows openings except as provided in (4).
(4) The RC beam belts (ties) continuity can be interrupted only in the following situations:
(a) The RC beam belts (ties) for the current floor in the stairwell right, subject to assure:
(i) RC column belts (ties) on both sides of the opening;
(ii) A RC beam belts (ties) - lintel at intermediate walkways linked to the two RC
column belts (ties) from both sides of the opening;
(b) The RC beam belts (ties) over the attic walls near the dormers, subject to assure:
(i) RC column belts (ties) on both sides of the opening, with longitudinal
reinforcement properly anchored in the RC beam belts (ties) from the below level;
(ii) RC beam belts (ties) over masonry parapet above the window, tied to two RC
column belts (ties) on both sides of the opening.

Figure 8.5. Interrupting the staircase RC beam belts (ties)


(5) It is recommended that the staircase RC beam belt (tie) interruption, to be fitted for buildings
in seismic zones with ag 0.20g.
(6) The cross section of RC beam belts (ties) will meet the following conditions:
(a) Cross-sectional area 500cm2 with the following dimensions:
(i) the width 25 cm, but 2/3 of the thickness ;
(ii) The height than floor slab thickness for interior walls and than double that
than floor slab thickness for the walls on the perimeter of the building and the
staircase.

(7) The RC beam belts (ties) reinforcement is established by computation with the following
minimum conditions:
(a) the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement:
(i) 1.0 % for the seismic zones with ag 0.25g;
(ii) 0.8% for seismic zones with ag=0.15g and ag =0.20g.
(iii) 0.6% for seismic zones with ag=0.10g.
(b) longitudinal bars diameter 12mm;
(c) transverse reinforcement:
(i) closed stirrups with 6mm;
(ii) the distance between stirrups: 15 cm in the current field and 10 cm in length
of longitudinal bars overlapping and 60 cm at intersections with RC column belts
(ties).
(8) The splice of the longitudinal bars in RC beam belts (ties) shall be made by overlapping,
without hooks, on a length 60. Spliced sections of the bars must be staggered by at least 1.00
m in a section will be spliced bars more than 50 % of the RC beam belt (tie).

Figure 8.6. The overlapping of the bars in RC beam belts (ties)


(9) In corners, junctions and bends it will assure a monolith link of the RC beam belts (ties)
disposed on the two directions and the continuity of efforts transmission will be made by anchoring
the longitudinal bars into perpendicular RC beam belts (ties) by a length 60
(10) If vertical slits case made by building, the RC beam belts (ties) reinforcement continuity that
are interrupted will be made by additional bars provided with a section at least 20% higher than
the interrupted ones.

Figure 8.7. Reinforcement for RC beam belts (ties) weaker by slits


(11) In the case of buildings with wooden roof in the RC beam belts (ties) from the top level will
provide specific steel pieces for anchoring the purlins from the roof structure.

8.5.4.3.3. Provisions for lintels and coupling beams (spandrels)


(1) For the current buildings, the coupling beams (spandrels) must be monolithic bounded with the
RC beam belts (ties) of the slab.

(2) The length of the support of the coupling beam (spandrel) over the masonry walls shall be
40cm.
(3) The coupling beams (spandrels) width must be equal with the wall thickness. For the facades
we may accept a reduction of them with 5 cm for applying thermal protection.
(4) In conditions from (1) the reinforcement of the element consisting of RC beam belt (tie) and
the coupling beam (spandrel) will satisfy the following conditions:
(a) at the top, reinforcement from the RC beam belt (tie) will continue in the coupling beam
(spandrel);
(b) to the bottom the reinforcement ratio will be 0.1 % reported at the concrete section;
(c) for elements with h>700 mm the provisions of EN 1992-1-1;
(d) shear strength capacity will be higher by at least 25 % of the corresponding one
computed from the ultimate bending moments for the element taking into account the
reinforcement overstrength.
(5) If the lintel provided in (4) is not linked with the RC beam belt (tie) of the floor slab, his
reinforcement will be determined only for vertical loads and will comply with the conditions of
EN 1992-1-1 for elements participating in the acquisition efforts during the earthquakes.

8.5.4.3.4. Provisions concerning the masonry reinforcement in horizontal joints (beds)


(1) For buildings made with ZC+AR masonry the bars arranged in horizontal joints (beds) of
masonry section shall be determined by calculation.
(2) In buildings located in seismic zones with ag0.15g, the horizontal joints/beds of the masonry
will be reinforced regardless the computations for the following items:
(a) The piers between windows or doors that have the height/width 2.5, if RC column
belts (ties) at the edges are not provided;
(b) The connection areas between perpendicular walls (junctions, corners and bends);
(c) Parapets under the windows.
At intersections, corners and bends the reinforcements will exceed the edge of the intersection, in
all directions, at least with 1.00 m
(3) The reinforcement in horizontal joints arranged according to (1) and (2) shall meet the
following conditions:
(a) The distance between the reinforced horizontal joints (beds) will be:
(i) 2 rows for items with height between 188 240 mm;
(ii) 3 rows for items with height < 188 mm;
(iii) The arranged bars area in a horizontal joints (beds) will be 1.0 cm (28
mm);

(b) The mortar side coverage for the bars in joints (beds) shall be established to ensure
corrosion protection for the bars.

Figure 8.8. Masonry wall reinforcement at intersections


(4) The reinforcements from the horizontal joints/beds are anchored in the RC column belt (tie) or
extended in masonry piers beyond the edge of the opposite RC column belt (tie) to achieve a total
anchorage length of at least 60. The bars will be trimming without hooks.
(5) The bars splice in joints/beds shall be made by overlapping, without hooks, by a length of
60. Spliced sections of the bars must be staggered by at least 1.00m; in one section will be
spliced no more than to 1/3 of the wall bars.
8.5.4.4. Specific design rules for building with reinforced core masonry (ZIA).
(1) The brick walls of marginal layers will have a thickness of bricks (115mm minimum) will
be made with woven masonry and vertical joints shall be completely filled with mortar. Do not
accept used items with mechanical joints (T & G) for the two layers of brickwork of ZIA.
(2) The median thickness of concrete or mortar-concrete (grout) shall be 10cm.
(3) The median reinforcement layer will be determined by computing.
(4) For the first level of buildings with nniv3, the minimum reinforcement ratios, relative to the
median layer of concrete section, shall meet the requirements of Table 8.12. The minimum
diameter of the bars will be 8mm and distance between bars shall be 150mm.
Table 8.12. Minimum reinforcement ratio for walls ZIA
Seismic design
acceleration ag
ag0.20g
ag0.15g

Horizontal reinforcement bars


1st category
2nd category
0.30%
0.25%
0.25%
0.20%

Vertical reinforcement bars


1 category
2nd category
0.25%
0.20%
0.20%
0.15%
st

(5) For the buildings of nniv<3, and above ground levels of buildings with nniv3, the minimum
percentages of reinforcement shall be taken equal to 80% from the values in Table 8.12. The
minimum diameter of the bars will be 6mm and distance between bars shall be 1.5tm where tm
is the median thickness.
Welded nets reinforcement shall be used only if from the calculation results that for the seismic
design situation, the reinforcement remain in the elastic range of behavior. Welded nets
reinforcement will be not use for ground floor walls, regardless of the number levels over the
embedding above section, for buildings in areas with ag 0.15g.

S-ar putea să vă placă și