Introduction

A power hacksaw is a machine used to cut across materials like metal and bone.
Aluminum, brass, and mild steels are other materials the power hacksaw is capable of
slicing through. It comes in various types, such as utility, heavy duty, and highproduction styles. In most machine shops, these tools are used due to the reciprocating
motions that are able to cut through diameters of more than ten inches (25.4 cm) in size.
Power hacksaws have an arm section, which is the rotating portion of the machine that
cuts the material on a backward stroke. This is the part of the tool where the blade is
located. To hold the object to be cut together, the tool is equipped with a vice that has
handles one can turn to tighten or loosen the hold on the material. It is a powerful part of
the hacksaw that locks the object in position for cutting. An emergency foot switch and
coolant are also part of the tool as safety precautions.

The power hacksaw blades are used to cut through the material or object and are usually
graded according to the steel it is made of and the number of teeth that it has. As a
cheaper alternative for the metal blades, some manufacturers use carbon steel materials.
Each blade of the power hacksaw is composed of 14 to 24 teeth per inch of the blade.
More teeth present in the hack blade produce a smoother output. Blades of hacksaw
devices can become brittle; proper care should be taken to prevent this.

There are several variants of the power hacksaw on the market. One type of the power
hacksaw is the panel style. This design allows sheets of metal to be cut without the
hindrance of the frame. Another type is the electric hacksaw, which is charged with a
motor or stationary engine. The latter type is still produced but is somewhat limited in
use.
The history of the power hacksaw machine is associated with regular hand saws.
Handsaws per se have been present since the time of the ancient Egyptians.
Hieroglyphics in that era showcased the importance of wood in the community and how
the Egyptians dealt in cutting it. Modern versions of the hand saw are based on the first
one developed by the Kulibert Saw Company. As the demand to cut and saw harder types
of materials grew, the power hacksaw was developed and created to alleviate the effort in
doing the procedure.
Project Ethic
We made power hacksaw but its operation method is different from conventional that
runs with solar energy. We made an alteration so that can run on solar energy power
through solar cell.
Solar Energy
The surface of the earth receives about 1014 kW from sun in the form of solar energy
which is approximately five orders of magnitude greater than that currently being
consumed from all resources. It is evident that sun will last for 1011 years.
There are two obvious obstacles to harnessing solar energy. Firstly it is not constantly
available on earth. Thus some form of storage is needed to sustain solar energy through
the night and during rainy season. Secondly the solar energy is diffused. Although the
total amount of energy is enormous, the collection and conservation of solar energy into
useful forms must be carried out over a large area which entails large capital investments.
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Photovoltaic (PV) cells are structures designed to allow light to be directly converted into
electricity at the atomic level.
2

Components to Photovoltaic Cells:

1) Photovoltaic Effect: PV cells are able to create electricity at the atomic level using the
photovoltaic effect. Often the photovoltaic effect is confused with the photoelectric
effect. One is related to the other as both begin with the basic understanding that the
universe is created of two core entities: matter and energy. Matter is anything that has
mass and takes up space. In physics energy is defined as a source providing the ability
to do work (e.g. light, heat, sound, electricity). In the photoelectric effect, there are two
components: photons (energy) and electrons (matter). Photons are light packets.
Each one carries a specific quantity (quanta) of energy revealed in different frequencies
of light (higher energy photons are found in higher frequencies of light waves). Using
the correct light frequency (photons) focused on a material (usually metal), it is
possible to knock off or release electrons. So, the photoelectric effect uses light to
eject electrons. Similarly, in the photovoltaic effect photons are used to eject the
electrons, but these electrons are harnessed to produce an electric current or electricity.
2) Semi-Conductor: The flow of electrons or an electric current is possible within the
photovoltaic effect if a conductor is present. Electricity is conducted through a material
by moving electrons through orbitals at varying energy levels in atoms. Electrons
move from lower energy levels (valance band) to higher energy levels (conduction
band). The energy difference between these levels is known as the band gap. Semiconductors have an intermediate band gap. Meaning they require more energy to
move electrons than a conductor, but less than an insulator. Once electrons are moved
they create electron holes or unoccupied orbitals in the valance band and easily
released electrons in the conduction band. In PV cells, semi-conductors are often used
because they can regulate conduction band electrons and electron holes more readily,
especially if the semi-conductor is doped or impurities are added.
3) P-N Junction (Photodiode): The photovoltaic effect within a PV cell is able to
produce an electric current by using a P-N junction. The P-N Junction is made of two
kinds of semi-conductors. The N-type (N for Negative or electron-rich) is doped to
have a high density of electrons and few holes, while the P-type (P for Positive or
electron-poor) is doped to be the opposite. Electrons flow from areas of high to low
3

concentration. The difference between these concentrated areas is known as voltage. A

P-N junction regulates the voltage, so current only flows in one direction resulting in an
electric current.

Operation of Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells): PV Cells are able to convert light into
electricity by first allowing radiant energy from the sun to pass through a transparent
layer (glass). A small portion of the light frequencies (10 17% with technology
commercially available in 2011) (photons) are absorbed ejecting electrons from the
doped N-type semiconductor layer. The amount depends on intensity and angle of light
sent and the continuing development of the manufacturing technology. These electrons
are passed to a conductor, which completes a circuit back to the P-type semiconducting
layer. After transporting electrical energy utilized by electrical devices or stored in
batteries, the electrons will fill holes in the P-type semiconducting layer. Due to
electrons being deposited in P-type semiconductor layer the voltage increases forcing the
electrons to move across the junction into the N-type semiconductor allowing the process
to repeat itself.

As technology advances, improvements in conversion efficiencies

demonstrated in the laboratory (some approaching 40%) ma become commercially

available, subsequently lowering costs.

Literature Review

Photovoltaic System Design

There are many types of solar systems but most can be categorized into a variation of the
following: A grid-tie system where there are no batteries and the power grid provides
back-up power. A hybrid grid-tie system where the power grid provides back-up for the
solar panels and batteries act as a backup for the grid. In cases where there is no access to
grid power an off-grid system is used, in which the battery bank stores and provides all
the energy for the system without a backup. Since this is generally the case in underdeveloped areas this will be the system discussed here. There are also systems with
generators as backups, they are comparable to grid-tie systems and will also be omitted
from discussion here.
Determining Size of Photovoltaic Panel Array:
There are several steps involved in sizing the PV array, determining load power
consumption, accounting for losses and dividing by solar insolation levels for deployment
region.
Determining Load Power Consumption:
The first step is to determine how much power the total system load will draw.
Power is measured in Watts:
P = V I (Joules Law)
However, the power rating is more useful when looked at in terms of time, this is
indeed how electric companies charge consumers. For example a 200Watt light bulb
running for 24 hours uses 4.8 KWh.
200Watts 24hrs = 4800 Watt-Hours or 4.8 KWh
A list of all devices connected to the system should be made with their
appropriate power draw available from specifications sheets or better yet, actual
measurements.
Since these devices are designed to plug into AC power, a DC-AC power inverter is
needed. The power inverter ideally operates at 90% efficiency. Therefore the maximum
inverter draw from batteries is:
238 Watts / 0.90 = 264.60 Watts
This system power draw is then multiplied by the amount of hours per day that it
will operate.
264.60 Watts 8hrs/day = 2116.80 Watt Hrs/day

To compensate for system losses during battery charge/discharge cycles the total
system power consumption is multiplied by a 20% compensation factor (Sunwize).
2115.52 Watt Hrs/day 1.2 = 2540.16 Watt Hrs/day
Determining Solar Insolation Levels:
In order to determine a good approximation of how much power the PV panels
will output, solar insolation levels need to be considered. Solar insolation is the amount
of incoming solar radiation incident on a surface, for PV applications the surface of
interest is the earths surface. The values of solar insolation are commonly expressed in
kWh/m2/day, which is the amount of solar energy that strikes a square meter of the
earth's surface in a single day. This is commonly referred to as a Sun-Hour-Day. The
amount of insolation received at the surface of the Earth is controlled by the angle of the
sun, the state of the atmosphere, altitude, and geographic location.

Figure 1 - World insulation levels.

This map divides the world into six solar performance regions based on winter
peak sun hours.
It is important to keep this in mind when designing the system because as seen
below in Figure 2, during the winter you have a much smaller Solar Window. Worst
case scenarios should be calculated as it is better to have extra energy in the summer than
not enough in the winter. Therefore the Sun-Hour-Day values for December (since
December days are shortest) are generally used.

Figure 2 - Sun path chart.

Solar Insolation Levels for Arusha, the prototype deployment area, are seen below
in Figure 5.
The compensated total power consumption per day value calculated above is then

Figure 3 - Hankins.

divided by the solar insolation values for given deployment region to determine minimum
PV panel array power output requirement:
2540.16 Watt Hrs/day / 5.5 = 461.84 Watts
Sizing Battery Array
Nearly all large rechargeable batteries in common use are Lead-Acid type,
although there are three variations, flooded, gelled electrolyte (Gell Cells) and
absorbed glass matt (AGM). Flooded is the oldest and cheapest technology used but
can be dangerous, in case of a malfunction acid can spill. Gell Cells contain acid that has
been "gelled" by the addition of Silica Gel, turning the acid into a solid mass, therefore
even if the battery where cracked open, no acid would spill. Gell batteries need to be
charged at a slower rate (capacity / 20) but this is not a concern in the PV setup as the
panels will not be outputting nearly this much current. AGM batteries are the newest
technology and have all the advantages of Gell Cells without the charging limitations.
All deep cycle batteries are rated in amp-hours. An amp-hour (Amps x Hours) is
one amp for one hour, or 10 amps for 1/10 of an hour and so forth. The accepted AH
rating time period for batteries used in solar electric and backup power systems is the "20
hour rate". This means that it is discharged down to 10.5 volts over a 20 hour period
while the total amp-hours it supplies is measured (Windsun).
The compensated total power consumption per day value is used again to
calculate minimum battery array size.
2540.16 Watt Hrs/12 Volts = 211.68 AmpHrs/day
Number of days of autonomy to support: 1 (8hrs)
211.68 1 = 211.68 AmpHrs
Battery life [deep cycle] is directly related to how deep the battery is cycled each
time. If a battery is discharged to 50% every day, it will last about twice as long as if it is
cycled to 80% DOD [depth of discharge]. If cycled only 10% DOD, it will last about 5
times as long as one cycled to 50%. Obviously, there are some practical limitations on
this - you don't usually want to have a 5 ton pile of batteries sitting there just to reduce
the DOD. The most practical number to use is 50% DOD on a regular basis (Windsun).
Depth of discharge for battery: 0.5
211.68 / 0.5 = 423.6 AmpHrs
This means that after 8 hrs of use without sun the battery will be discharged to 50%
8 Hrs of autonomy and battery depth of discharge at 0.80 (Half the life-span of 0.50):
264.60 Amp Hrs

6 Hrs of autonomy and battery depth of discharge at 0.50:

264.6 Watts 6 Hrs = 1587.6 Watt Hrs / day 1.2 = 1905.12 Watt Hrs / day
1905.12 Watt Hrs/12 Volts = 158.76 AmpHrs
142.8 AmpHrs / 0.5 = 317.52 Amp Hrs
4 Hrs of autonomy and depth of discharge at 0.50:
238 Watts 4 Hrs = 1058.4 Watt Hrs / day 1.2 = 1270.08 Watt Hrs / day
1270.08 Watt Hrs / 12 Volts = 105.84 Amp Hrs
105.84 Amp Hrs / 0.5 = 211.68 Amp Hrs
Wire Sizing and Connections:
Another important consideration for the system is the electrical wiring. All wiring
needs to safely accommodate the amount of current draw of the system with an
acceptable amount of losses. In a DC system losses quickly become an issue. This is
especially a concern PV systems as they can only handle a small voltage drop as there
must be enough potential to charge the battery array, and of course it is good practice to
keep energy loss sourced from the sun to a minimum. Generally a 3% drop between PV
array and batteries is acceptable. Also, any type of connection bigger than AWG 10
should have a proper compression connector, with appropriate joint compound and
preparation. This does require special tools and dies. Otherwise you are running the risk
of burning up your connections if you get any kind of heavy current flowing.
(SolarForum)
Losses associated with transmission of DC power:
CM = (22.2 A D)/VD
CM = Circular Mills In Copper
A = current in amps
D = one-way cable distance in feet
VD = Voltage Drop
22.2 = Constant for Copper
For wiring from the PV panels to charge controller the maximum PV short circuit
current specification (from PV data sheet) is used.

Maximum Solar Power Output:

24 Volt Systems:
Configuration
6 x PW080
3 x ST-165
4 x KY125

Max Current Out (Amps)

3 x (5.14A-ISC) = 15.42
20.63
20.83
Figure 4

12 Volt Systems:
Configuration
6 x 80 Watt
3 x PW165

Max Current Out (Amps)

6*(5.14A-ISC) = 30.84
41.25
Figure 5
Using the loss equation above the following result was obtained for the selected system:
Distance: 50ft
Voltage Drop: 0.72
Current: 15.42 Amps
Circular Mills: 23772.5
AWG: 6
Inverter to Battery Wiring
For current level estimates from the battery to inverter maximum power draw
levels are used although this distance is generally short and maximum available wire
gauge is recommended. This is also due to the fact that the system will encounter surge
currents as various components are turned on. Since the system used as an example
here is not continuously running and is to be turned off every night and back on in the
morning this was a serious issue that needed to be tested. (Refer to Figure 7).
Maximum Power Draw:
Component
DC Motor
Solar Panel
Battery

Power (Watts)
19 volt
5W
12 Volt
Figure 6

Assuming the inverter that will be sourced in deployment area is operating at 90%
efficiency:
270 Watts = 300 Watts x 90%
Maximum current draw in 12 Volt system = 300 Watts / 12 Volts = 25 Amps
Maximum current draw in 24 Volt system = 300 Watts / 24 Volts = 12.5 Amps
10

Power-Up DC Current Draw

35

30

25

Current (Amps)

20

15

10

0
1

1570 3139 4708 6277 7846 9415 10984 12553 14122 15691 17260 18829 20398 21967 23536 25105 26674 28243 29812 31381

-5
Samples

Figure 7
Figure 7 shows DC current draw as measured during power-up of Lenovo S10
Workstation (custom configuration) and L193p Monitor. Although the system is only
drawing 5 amps while running the surge current spikes are clearly visible. This is indeed
one of the reasons why proper electrical connections are crucial.

Charge Controller
The charge controller chosen for this system is the Outback Power FlexMax 60.
This decision was based on versatility, efficiency, robustness, and availability in
deployment area. The Outback can accept a wide range of voltage inputs as well as
various battery arrays, this was important for this specific system as ultimately whatever
solar panels are in stock at the time of deployment in the region will be used.

11

Note, the efficiency curves (Figure 10 and Figure 11) are for the Flexmax80, they
are identical to the Flexmax60 other than the fact that the FX60 does not accept 85 and
100V.
The highlighted area on the graph represents the highest efficiency while charging

Figure 8 - Outback charge controller.

a 12V battery array. The charge controller is operating at about 95.5% efficiency with an
input Voltage between 17-34V. Typically a 12V PV panel's Voltage at Peak Power is
around 17 Volts.

12

Figure 9 - Outback charge controller.

The highlighted area in this graph represents the optimum efficiency if the system where
charging a 24V battery array. The charge controller is operating at about 98% efficiency with an
input Voltage around 34V. Two 12V panels in series will typically have 34 Volt equivalent Voltage at
peak power.

In an ideal setup the FlexMax 60 would operate at 98.1% efficiency with an input of 68V
while charging a battery array at 48V. This would be the case with the optimum PV panel
chosen in section 1, the Kaneka G-EA060 as the VPM is 67Volts.
Conclusion
Designing an off grid photovoltaic system involves many steps and although the
math is simple all calculations should be double checked. If the calculations for one
component are off chances are the whole system will not work, every stage relies on the
previous one. Designing the system for worst case scenarios is good practice, it is better
to have extra energy than not enough. All safety precautions should be followed
especially on electrical connections that have a possibility of carrying a lot of current.
Breaker boxes before and after battery connections for easy power disconnect should be
implemented. These breakers should be rated for DC voltages.

13

A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting metal. They can
also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood; for example, plumbers and
electricians often cut plastic pipe and plastic conduit with them. There are hand saw
versions and powered versions (power hacksaws). Most hacksaws are hand saws with a
C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have a handle, usually a
pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade. The frames may also be
adjustable to accommodate blades of different sizes. A screw or other mechanism is used
to put the thin blade under tension. Panel hacksaws, forgo the frame and instead have a
sheet metal body; they can cut into a sheet metal panel further than a frame would allow.
These saws are no longer commonly available but hacksaw blade holders enable standard
hacksaw blades to be used similarly to a Keyhole saw or Pad saw. Power tools including
Nibblers, Jigsaws and Angle Grinders fitted with metal cutting blades and discs are now
used for longer cuts in sheet metals.
On hacksaws, as with most frame saws, the blade can be mounted with the teeth facing
toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull
stroke. In normal use, cutting vertically downwards with work held in a bench vice,
hacksaw blades should be set to be facing forwards. Some frame saws, including Fret
Saws and Piercing Saws, have their blades set to be facing the handle because they are
used to cut by being pulled down against a horizontal surface.

While saws for cutting metal had been in used for many years, significant improvements
in longevity and efficiency were made in the 1880s by George N. Clemson, a founder of
Clemson Bros., Inc of Middletown, New York, USA,. Clemson conducted tests which
involved changing the dimensions, shapes of teeth, styles of set, and variable heat
treatments of blades. Clemson claimed enormous improvements to the cutting ability of
blades and built a major industrial operation manufacturing hacksaw blades sold under
the trade name Star Hack Saw. In 1898, Clemson was granted US Patent 601947, which
details various improvements in the hacksaw
Blades
Blades are available in standardized lengths, usually 10 or 12 inches for a standard hand
hacksaw. "Junior" hacksaws are typically 150mm long. Powered hacksaws may use large
blades in a range of sizes, or small machines may use the same hand blades.
The pitch of the teeth can be anywhere from fourteen to thirty-two teeth per inch (tpi) for
a hand blade, with as few as three tpi for a large power hacksaw blade. The blade chosen
is based on the thickness of the material being cut, with a minimum of three teeth in the
material. As hacksaw teeth are so small, they are set in a "wave" set. As for other saws
14

they are set from side to side to provide a kerf or clearance when sawing, but the set of a
hacksaw changes gradually from tooth to tooth in a smooth curve, rather than alternate
teeth set left and right.
Hacksaw blades are normally quite brittle, so care needs to be taken to prevent brittle
fracture of the blade. Early blades were of carbon steel, now termed 'low alloy' blades,
and were relatively soft and flexible. They avoided breakage, but also wore out rapidly.
Except where cost is a particular concern, this type is now obsolete. 'Low alloy' blades
are still the only type available for the Junior hacksaw, which limits the usefulness of this
otherwise popular saw.
For several decades now, hacksaw blades have used high speed steel for their teeth,
giving greatly improved cutting and tooth life. These blades were first available in the
'All-hard' form which cut accurately but were extremely brittle. This limited their
practical use to benchwork on a workpiece that was firmly clamped in a vice. A softer
form of high speed steel blade was also available, which wore well and resisted breakage,
but was less stiff and so less accurate for precise sawing. Since the 1980s, bi-metal blades
have been used to give the advantages of both forms, without risk of breakage. A strip of
high speed steel along the tooth edge is electron beam welded to a softer spine. As the
price of these has dropped to be comparable with the older blades, their use is now almost
universal.
Hacksaw blade specifications: The most common blade is the 12 inch or 300 mm
length. Hacksaw blades have two holes near the ends for mounting them in the saw frame
and the 12 inch / 300 mm dimension refers to the center to center distance between these
mounting holes.
12 Inch Blade:
Hole to Hole: 11 7/8 inches / 300 mm
Overall blade length: 12 3/8 inches / 315 mm (not tightly controlled)
Mounting Hole diameter: 9/64 to 5/32 inch / 3.5 to 4 mm (not tightly controlled)
Blade Width: 7/16 to 33/64 inch / 11 to 13 mm (not tightly controlled)
Blade Thickness: 0.020 to 0.027 inches / 0.5 to 0.70 mm (varies with tooth pitch and
other factors)
The kerf produced by the blades is somewhat wider than the blade thickness due to the
set of the teeth. It commonly varies between 0.030 and 0.063 inches / 0.75 and 1.6 mm
depending on the pitch and set of the teeth.
The 10 inch blade is also fairly common and all the above dimensions apply except for
the following:
Hole to Hole: 9 7/8 inches / 250 mm
15

Overall blade length: 10 3/8 inches / 265 mm (not tightly controlled)

Types

An electric hacksaw
A panel hacksaw (no longer commonly available) eliminated the frame, so that the saw
could cut into panels of sheet metal without the length of cut being restricted by the
frame.
Junior hacksaws are the small variant, while larger mechanical hacksaws are used to cut
working pieces from bulk metal.
A power hacksaw (or electric hacksaw) is a type of hacksaw that is powered either by its
own electric motor or connected to a stationary engine. Most power hacksaws are
stationary machines but some portable models do exist; the latter (with frames) have been
displaced to some extent by reciprocating saws such as the Sawzall, which accept blades
with hacksaw teeth. Stationary models usually have a mechanism to lift up the saw blade
on the return stroke and some have a coolant pump to prevent the saw blade from
overheating.[4]
Power hacksaws are not as commonly used in the metalworking industries as they once
were. Bandsaws and cold saws have mostly displaced them. While stationary electric
hacksaws are not very common, they are still produced. Power hacksaws of the type
powered by stationary engines and line shafts, like other line-shaft-powered machines,
are now rare; museums and antique-tool hobbyists still preserve a few of them.

16

ADVANTAGES

Time saving as compared to simple hacksaw

Power saving as it is manully operated

Easy machinary used

As it is pedal operated so good for health

Comfortable then ordinary hacksaw

DISADVANTAGES
Its totally manually operated .
Time consuming as compared to electrical power hacksaw
Without human effort its not operated.
Not fit for heavy production.

TYPES OF SAW
Coping Saw :
Coping saws are used to remove complicated shapes and cut curves in wood and plastic.

Power Hacksaw
Power hacksaws are used to cut large sizes (sections) of metals such as steel. Cutting
diameters of more than 10/15mm is very hard work with a normal hand held hacksaw.
Therefore power hacksaws have been developed to carry out the difficult and time
consuming work.
The heavy arm moves backwards and forwards, cutting on the backwards stroke.
The metal to be cut is held in a machine vice which is an integral part of the base.
Turning the handle tightens or loosens the vice. The vice is very powerful and locks the
metal in position.
When cutting is taking place, the metal and especially the blade heats up quickly. Coolant
should be fed onto the blade, cooling it down and lubricating it as it cuts through the
metal.

17

Without the use of coolant the blade will over heat and break/snap. This can be dangerous
as the blade can break with powerful force, shattering.
When the metal is placed and fixed in the vice, the blade is lowered onto its top surface.
The diagram below shows the arm being lowered with the adjusting handle.
Blades of power hacksaws are graded according to the material they are made from and
the number of teeth per inch. Top quality blades are manufactured from High Speed
Steel. although there are cheaper alternatives such as carbon steel blades.
In general the number of teeth per inch (TPI) range from 14 to 24. The more teeth per
inch - the smoother the cut.
Every power hacksaw should have a foot switch / emergency switch. This allows the
operator to turn the machine off quickly by using his/her foot to step on the switch. The
foot switch is normally positioned at the front or side of the machine.
Power hacksaws have electric motors that power the blade through a pulley system.
Some have ratchet systems. The pulley system shown below shows how rotary power is
transferred from the motor and changed to reciprocating motion, allow the blade to cut
through the material.
Most power hacksaws have two pulley wheels. If the belt is placed on the smaller pulley
wheel the speed of cut will be fast. Changing the belt so that it runs round the larger
pulley wheel will reduce the speed.

18

Methodology

Review of Design

19

Bill of Material

20

Components details
Frame
It is made up of MS Angle Iron as its basic structure on which all components to be
assembled.
Dimensions & Pics below:
Height :
Width:
Length:
Angle Thickness
Material of frame:

21

Motor :
It is a DC motor operated on DC supply of 19V.
Specifications of Motor:
Rpm of Motor:

70rpm

Voltage:

19V

Power consumption:
Loading Capacity:

22

Solar Panel:
It is Solar modules use light energy (photons) from the sun to generate electricity through
the photovoltaic effect. The majority of modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells
or thin-film cells based on cadmium telluride or silicon.
Specifications:
Power consumption: 5watts

23

Battery:
Wet Battery is used for power supply to run motor.
Specifications of Battery:
Volatge:

6Amp-hr

Material of Battery:

Lead-Acid Battery

Chemical Formula:

H2SO4-Pb

24

Battery Charger:
It is used to charge battery from solar energy through solar panel. Its main components
from electronics so that we take help from department of electronics engineering to make
circuit. We dont have knowledge of its components.

25

Overall Project:

26

Result

Experimental Work on it to check is that working or not?

We set up the overall project in sunlight to charge, than we can found that it would take
12 hours for charging the battery & when we run the power hacksaw through it, the
power hacksaw would run 2 hour & cut aluminum sheet of 3mm in 15minutes.

If my department allows me to give the demo than I can show the demo but it takes
minimum 3 days.

27

Conclusion

We concluded that if it is made on large scale than it would be more economical in

running & eco-friendly for environment & an industry run through at negligible running
cost. & it has bright future in future because of expensive & limited amount of coal,
Diesel, & other means of energy which is require to generate electric power.

28