Android Version History

5/2/2014
Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Android version history

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the
Android beta in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released
in September 2008. Android is under ongoing development by Google and the Open
Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system
since its initial release.
Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed under a confectionery-themed
code name and released in alphabetical order: Cupcake (1.5), Donut (1.6), Eclair (2.0
2.1), Froyo (2.22.2.3), Gingerbread (2.32.3.7), Honeycomb (3.03.2.6), Ice Cream
Sandwich (4.04.0.4), Jelly Bean (4.14.3), and KitKat (4.44.4.2). On 3 September
2013, Google announced that 1 billion activated devices now use the Android OS
worldwide.[1] The most recent major Android update was KitKat 4.4, which was released
to commercial devices on 22 November 2013, via an OTA update.[2][3]
Contents
Global Android version distribution since December 2009. As of April

2014, Android 4.x Jelly Bean is the most widely used Android
version, operating on around 62% of Android devices worldwide.
1 Pre-commercial release versions (20072008)

1.1 Android Apple Pie
1.2 Android Banana Bread
2 Version history by API level
2.1 Android 1.0 Apple Pie (API level 1)
2.2 Android 1.1 Banana Bread(API level 2)
2.3 Android 1.5 Cupcake (API level 3)
2.4 Android 1.6 Donut (API level 4)
2.5 Android 2.0 Eclair (API level 5)
2.6 Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API level 6)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history
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2.7 Android 2.1 Eclair (API level 7)

2.8 Android 2.22.2.3 Froyo (API level 8)
2.9 Android 2.32.3.2 Gingerbread (API level 9)
2.10 Android 2.3.32.3.7 Gingerbread (API level 10)
2.11 Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API level 11)
2.14 Android 4.04.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 14)
2.15 Android 4.0.34.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 15)
2.16 Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API level 16)
2.19 Android 4.4 KitKat (API level 19)
3 Hardware requirements
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Pre-commercial release versions (20072008)

Android Apple Pie
There were at least two internal releases inside Google and the OHA before the Android beta was released in November 2007. For the milestones in internal
releases, names of fictional robots were chosen, with various releases code-named "Astro Boy", "Bender" and "R2-D2".[4][5][6] Dan Morrill created some of the
first mascot logos, but the current green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok.[7] The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived of the confections naming
scheme that has been used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5.
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Android Banana Bread

The Android beta was released on 5 November 2007,[8][9] while the software development kit (SDK) was released on 12 November 2007.[10] The November 5
date is popularly celebrated as Android's "birthday".[11] Public beta versions of the SDK were released in the following order:
16 November 2007: m3-rc22a[12]
14 December 2007: m3-rc37a[13]
13 February 2008: m5-rc14[14]
3 March 2008: m5-rc15[15]
18 August 2008: 0.9[16]
23 September 2008: 1.0-r1[17]
Version history by API level

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android OS updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming
interface (API) levels.
Android 1.0 Apple Pie (API level 1)
Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on 23 September 2008. [18] The first commercially available Android device was the HTC
Dream. [19] Android 1.0 incorporated the following features:
Version Release date
1.0
23 September
2008
Features
Image(s)
Android Market application download and updates through the Market application
Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages multiple pages show as windows
("cards")[20][21]
Camera support however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance,
quality, etc. [22]
Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen[23]
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Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP[21]

Gmail synchronization with the Gmail application
Google Contacts synchronization with the People application
Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar application
Google Maps with Street View to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local business and obtain
driving directions using GPS[22]
Google Sync, allowing management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar
Google Search, allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc.
Google Talk instant messaging
Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS
Media Player, enabling management, importing, and playback of media files however, this version lacked video
and stereo Bluetooth support[21][22]
Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts [20][21][24]
Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number[21]
Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets
YouTube video player[25]
Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures
(Gallery), and Settings
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support
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Android 1.1 Banana Bread(API level 2)

On 9 February 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as "Petit Four" internally, though this
name was not used officially. [26] The update resolved bugs, changed the Android API and added a number of features:[27]
1.1
9 February
2009
Features
Image(s)
Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps
Longer in-call screen timeout default when using the speakerphone, plus ability to show/hide dialpad
Ability to save attachments in messages
Support added for marquee in system layouts
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Android 1.5 Cupcake (API level 3)

On 27 April 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.27. [28][29] This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a
dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme which would be used for all releases henceforth. The update included several new features and UI amendments:[30]
1.5
Features
Image(s)
30 April 2009
Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and user dictionary for custom words
Support for Widgets miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the
Home screen) and receive periodic updates [31]
Video recording and playback in MPEG-4 and 3GP formats
Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles)
Copy and paste features in web browser
User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts
Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from call log
event
Animated screen transitions
Auto-rotation option
New stock boot animation
Ability to upload videos to YouTube
Ability to upload photos to Picasa
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Android 1.6 Donut (API level 4)

On 15 September 2009, the Android 1.6 SDK dubbed Donut was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29. [32][33][34] Included in the update were numerous
new features:[32]
1.6
15 September
2009
Features
Image(s)
Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web
Ability for developers to include their content in search results
Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text
Easier searching and ability to view app screenshots in Android Market
Gallery, camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access
Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion
Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs, and a text-to-speech engine
Support for WVGA screen resolutions
Speed improvements in searching and camera applications
Expanded Gesture framework and new GestureBuilder development tool
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Android 2.0 Eclair (API level 5)

On 26 October 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK codenamed Eclair was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29. [35] Changes included:[36]
2.0
26 October
2009
Features
Image(s)
Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of email and
contacts
Microsoft Exchange email support, with combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page
Bluetooth 2.1 support
Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person
Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with delete oldest messages in a conversation automatically
deleted when a defined limit is reached
Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect
and macro focus
Improved typing speed on virtual keyboard, with smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes
contact names as suggestions
Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for HTML5
Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and ability to invite new guests to
events
Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI
Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio
Improved Google Maps 3.1.2
MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events [37]
Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement
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Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API level 6)

2.0.1
3 December
2009[38]
Features
Image(s)
Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes
Android 2.1 Eclair (API level 7)

2.1
12 January
2010[39]
Features
Image(s)
Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes
Android 2.22.2.3 Froyo (API level 8)

On 20 May 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for frozen yogurt) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32. [40]
2.2
Features
Image(s)
20 May 2010
Speed, memory, and performance optimizations [41]
Additional application speed improvements, implemented through JIT compilation[42]
Integration of Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application
Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications
Improved Microsoft Exchange support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar
synchronization and remote wipe
Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications
USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality[43]
Option to disable data access over mobile network
Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features [41]
Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries
Support for Bluetooth-enabled car and desk docks
Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords
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Support for file upload fields in the Browser application[44]

The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only
Support for installing applications to the expandable memory
Adobe Flash support[45]
Support for high-PPI displays (up to 320 ppi), such as 4" 720p screens [46]
Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture
2.2.1
18 January
2011
Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements
2.2.2
22 January
2011
Minor bug fixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the Nexus One[47]
2.2.3
21 November
2011[48]
Two security patches
Android 2.32.3.2 Gingerbread (API level 9)

On 6 December 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35. [49][50] Changes included:[49]
2.3
6 December
2010[50]
Features
Image(s)
Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed

Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher)[46]
Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony
Faster, more intuitive text input in virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and
voice input mode
Enhanced copy/paste functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-hold, copy, and paste
Support for Near Field Communication (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a
poster, sticker, or advertisement
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New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost
New Download Manager, giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or
another application
Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available
Support for WebM/VP8 video playback, and AAC audio encoding
Improved power management with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the
device awake for too long
Enhanced support for native code development
Switched from YAFFS to ext4 on newer devices [51][52]
Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers
Concurrent garbage collection for increased performance
Native support for more sensors (such as gyroscopes and barometers)
Android 2.3 on the Android
SDK Emulator
2.3.1
December 2010
2.3.2
January 2011
Improvements and bug fixes for the Google Nexus S
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Android 2.3.32.3.7 Gingerbread (API level 10)

2.3.3
9 February
2011
Features
Image(s)
Several improvements and API fixes [53]
Support for voice or video chat using Google Talk[55]

2.3.4
28 April
2011[54]
Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open
Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software
and a compatible application on the device[56]
Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5. [57][58]
Improved network performance for the Nexus S 4G, among other fixes and improvements
Fixed Bluetooth bug on Samsung Galaxy S
2.3.5
25 July
2011[59]
Improved Gmail application

Shadow animations for list scrolling
Camera software enhancements
Improved battery efficiency
Fixed a voice search bug

2.3.6
2.3.7
2 September
2011
(The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S
21 September
2011
Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G
phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.)[60][61]
Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API level 11)

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On 22 February 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK the first tablet-only Android update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36. [62][63][64][65] The
first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on 24 February 2011. [66] The update's features included:[62]
3.0
22 February
2011
Features
Image(s)
Optimized tablet support with a new holographic user interface

Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft
navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen
Added Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other
types of content at the top of the screen
Simplified multitasking tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users
to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to
another
Redesigned keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen
Android 3.0 on the Motorola Xoom tablet
sizes
Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface
Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new
incognito mode allowing anonymous browsing
Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, timelapse, and other camera features
Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy
access to thumbnails for other photos
New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate
contacts
New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient,
allowing users to select one or more messages
Hardware acceleration
Support for multi-core processors
Ability to encrypt all user data
HTTPS stack improved with Server Name Indication (SNI)
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Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE; kernel module)

Applications' write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with
internal primary storage) is disabled outside of designated, app-specific directories,
while full access to internal primary storage is still allowed through a separate
application-level permission. [67][68]

3.1
10 May
2011[69]
Features
Image(s)
UI refinements
Connectivity for USB accessories
Expanded Recent Applications list
Resizable Home screen widgets
Support for external keyboards and pointing devices
Support for joysticks and gamepads
Support for FLAC audio playback[70][71]
High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when device screen is off
Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point

Most first- and second-generation Google TV-enabled devices utilize Honeycomb 3.2. [72]
3.2
15 July
2011[73]
Features
Image(s)
Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets

Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization
Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions
New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android
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devices [74]
Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements

3.2.1
20 September
2011
Update to Android Market with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text
Update to Google Books
Improved Adobe Flash support in browser
Improved Chinese handwriting prediction
3.2.2
30 August 2011
3.2.3
Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G
Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom and Motorola Xoom 4G
3.2.4
December 2011
"Pay as You Go" support for 3G and 4G tablets
3.2.5
January 2012
Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom and Motorola Xoom 4G
3.2.6
February 2012
Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom
Android 4.04.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 14)

The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1, [75] was publicly released on 19 October 2011. [76] Google's Gabe Cohen stated
that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time. [77] The source code for Android 4.0 became available
on 14 November 2011. [78] Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support Adobe Systems' Flash player. [79] The update introduced numerous new
features:[80][81][82]
4.0
19 October
2011
Features
Image(s)
Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with new Roboto font family
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Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones
Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications
Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style
Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages
Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the calendar
Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons)
Improved error correction on the keyboard
Ability to access applications directly from lock screen
Improved copy and paste functionality
Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech to text dictation
Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software
Automatic syncing of browser with users' Chrome bookmarks
Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and
disable data use when the limit is exceeded
Ability to shut down applications that are using data in the background
Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to
Android 4.0 on the Samsung

Galaxy Nexus
zoom while recording

Built-in photo editor
New gallery layout, organized by location and person
Refreshed "People" application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images
Android Beam, a near-field communication feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web
bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data
Support for the WebP image format[70]
Hardware acceleration of the UI[83]
Wi-Fi Direct[84]
1080p video recording for stock Android devices
Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software
required rooted Android.
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4.0.1
21 October
2011
Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until
4.0.2
28 November
2011
December 2011
(For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application
market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the NFC
capabilities of the Nexus phone.)[85][86]
Android 4.0.34.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 15)

4.0.3
16 December
2011[87]
Features
Image(s)
Numerous bug fixes and optimizations

Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality
New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider
Calendar provider enhancements
New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and QVGA resolution
Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers [88]
Stability improvements
4.0.4
29 March
Better camera performance
2012[89]
Smoother screen rotation

Improved phone number recognition[90]
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API level 16)

Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the Google I/O conference on 27 June 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental
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update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved "Project Butter",
which uses touch anticipation, triple buffering, extended vsync timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 fps to create a fluid and "buttery-smooth" UI. [91] Android
4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the Android Open Source Project on 9 July 2012, [92] and the Nexus 7 tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on
13 July 2012. [93]
4.1
Features
Image(s)
9 July 2012
Smoother user interface:
Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application
rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh
Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline
Enhanced accessibility
Bi-directional text and other language support
User-installable keyboard maps
Expandable notifications
Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis
Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens
Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam
Offline voice dictation
Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by
phones. [94]
Improved voice search
Improved camera application
Multichannel audio[91]
USB audio (for external sound DACs)[91]
Audio chaining (also known as gapless playback)[91][95][96]
Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access
4.1.1
23 July 2012
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Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in any application
4.1.2
9 October
2012[97]
Lock/home screen rotation support for the Nexus 7[98]

One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications [99]
Bug fixes and performance enhancements

Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in New York City on 29 October 2012, but the event was cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy. [100]
Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan "A new flavor of Jelly Bean". Jelly Bean 4.2
was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google's Nexus 4 and Nexus 10, which were released on 13 November 2012. [101][102]
4.2
13 November
2012[103]
Features
Image(s)
Lock screen improvements, including widget support and the ability to swipe directly to camera[104]
Notification power controls ("Quick Settings")
"Daydream" screensavers, showing information when idle or docked
Multiple user accounts (tablets only)
Support for wireless display (Miracast)
Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers.
Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users
New clock application with built-in world clock, stop watch and timer
All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets
(with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock
and centered application menu), regardless of screen size
Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing
users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application
Android 4.2 on the Nexus 4
directly
SELinux
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Always-on VPN
Premium SMS confirmation[105]
Group Messaging
4.2.1
27 November
2012[106]
Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when
adding an event to a contact[107]
Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported HID (Human interface device)
Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs [109]

Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state
New download notifications, which now shows the percentage and estimated time remaining for active
4.2.2
11 February
application downloads
2013[108]
New sounds for wireless charging and low battery

New Gallery application animation allows faster loading
USB debug whitelist
Bug fixes and performance enhancements

Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan "An even sweeter Jelly Bean" on 24 July 2013 during an event in San Francisco called "Breakfast with
Sundar Pichai". Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the 2nd generation Nexus 7 tablet was the first device to officially ship with
it. [3] A minor bugfixing update was released on 22 August 2013. [110]
4.3
24 July
2013[111]
Features
Image(s)
Bluetooth low energy support. [112]

Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3 support
OpenGL ES 3.0 support, allowing for improved game graphics [112]
Restricted access mode for new user profiles [112]
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Filesystem write performance improvement by running fstrim command while device is idle[113]
Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application[112]
Improvements to Photo Sphere[114]
Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones [115]
Addition of "App Ops", a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default)[116]
4K resolution support[117]
Many security enhancements, performance enhancements, and bug fixes [118]
System-level support for geofencing and Wi-Fi scanning APIs
Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off
Developer logging and analyzing enhancements
Added support for five more languages
Improved digital rights management (DRM) APIs
Right-to-left (RTL) languages now supported[112]
Android 4.3 on the Nexus 7

(2013 version).
Clock in the status bar disappears if clock is selected as lockscreen widget
4.3.1
3 October
2013[119]
Bug fixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE[120]
Android 4.4 KitKat (API level 19)

Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on 3 September 2013. [121] The release had long been expected by technology bloggers to be numbered 5.0 and called
"Key Lime Pie". [122] KitKat debuted on Google's Nexus 5 on 31 October 2013, and has been optimised to run on a greater range of devices than earlier
Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google. [123] The
required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM"
devices. [124]
4.4
31 October
2013[125][126]
Features
Image(s)
Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue
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Clock no longer shows bold hours, all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch
and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars [127]
Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while
maintaining user interaction[128]
Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was
officially deprecated by Android 4.0. [129]
Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including zRAM support and
"low RAM" device API[123]
Wireless printing capability[123]
NFC host card emulation, enabling a device to replace smart cards [123]
WebViews now based on Chromium engine (feature parity with Chrome for Android 30)
Expanded functionality for notification listener services [123]
Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients [130]
New framework for UI transitions
Android 4.4
Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of
the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including
those exposed by apps, such as online storage services). [67]
Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs [123]
Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and home (launcher)
application
Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer[131]
Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of ADB is required)[132]
Native infrared blaster API
Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level closed captioning settings
New experimental runtime virtual machine, ART (not enabled by default)[133]
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Bluetooth Message Access Profile (MAP) support[134]

Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications [135]
Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens
Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings [136]
Improvements to auto focus, white balance and HDR+ for the Nexus 5 camera[138][139]
4.4.1
5 December
2013[137]
Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART)

Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the
camera view
Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes
4.4.2
9 December
Further security enhancements and bug fixes
2013[140]
Removal of the "App Ops" application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3[141]
Hardware requirements
See also: Android: Hardware
The main hardware platform for Android is the 32-bit ARMv7 architecture. The Android-x86 project provides support for the x86 architecture,[142] and Google
TV uses a special x86 version of Android. In 2012, Intel processors began to appear on more mainstream Android platforms, such as phones.[143] In 2013,
Freescale announced support for Android on its i.MX processor, specifically the i.MX5X and i.MX6X series.[144]
Minimum hardware requirements have been upgraded in steps over time, with the new Android versions releases. Original minimums were 32 MB of RAM,
32 MB of Flash memory, and a 200 MHz ARM architecture (ARMv5) processor.[145][146] As of October 2011 and version 4.0, a graphics processing unit
(GPU) that supports OpenGL ES 2.0 hardware acceleration is mandatory,[147] regardless of whether applications directly use the OpenGL ES or not.
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As of November 2013 and Android version 4.4, an ARMv7 processor is required, while recommended minimum amount of RAM is 512 MB.[123] The required
minimum amount of RAM available to Android 4.4 is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.[124]
MIPS and x86 architectures are also supported through unofficial ports.[142][148] OpenGL ES 2.0 hardware acceleration is still mandatory, while OpenGL ES 3.0
is supported.[147]
In addition to running directly on x86-based hardware, Android can also be run on x86 architecture by using an Android emulator which is part of the Android
SDK, or by using BlueStacks.[149][150]
See also
BlackBerry OS version history
Firefox OS version history
Google Chrome OS
iOS version history
Palm OS version history
Symbian version history
Windows Phone version history
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External links
Official Android website (http://www.android.com/)
Android API Levels (http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/api-levels.html) via Android Developer
Android: A visual history (http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/7/2585779/android-history) by Chris Ziegler at The Verge
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&oldid=606698554"
Categories: Android (operating system) Google software Software version histories Mobile operating systems Smartphones
This page was last modified on 1 May 2014 at 23:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use
and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android version history

Global Android version distribution since December 2009. As of April

1 Pre-commercial release versions (20072008)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2.7 Android 2.1 Eclair (API level 7)

Pre-commercial release versions (20072008)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android Banana Bread

Version history by API level

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP[21]

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android 1.1 Banana Bread(API level 2)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android 1.5 Cupcake (API level 3)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android 1.6 Donut (API level 4)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android 2.0 Eclair (API level 5)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API level 6)

Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes

Android 2.1 Eclair (API level 7)

Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes

Android 2.22.2.3 Froyo (API level 8)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Support for file upload fields in the Browser application[44]

Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements

Two security patches

Android 2.32.3.2 Gingerbread (API level 9)

Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Improvements and bug fixes for the Google Nexus S

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android 2.3.32.3.7 Gingerbread (API level 10)

Several improvements and API fixes [53]

Support for voice or video chat using Google Talk[55]

Improved Gmail application

Fixed a voice search bug

Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G

phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.)[60][61]

Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API level 11)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Optimized tablet support with a new holographic user interface

Android 3.0 on the Motorola Xoom tablet

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE; kernel module)

Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API level 12)

Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API level 13)

Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements

"Pay as You Go" support for 3G and 4G tablets

Android 4.04.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 14)

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Android 4.0 on the Samsung

zoom while recording

Android version history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.

Android 4.0.34.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 15)

Numerous bug fixes and optimizations

Better camera performance