4 Stroke Engine

ABSTRACT

A Compressed-Air Engine is an air engine, using compressed air, which is stored in a tank.
Instead of mixing fuel with air and burning it in the engine to drive pistons with hot expanding
gases, compressed-air engine use the expansion of compressed air to drive their pistons. The
project has been chosen in order to check the feasibility of compressed air engine and to compare
it with the conventional I.C engine.
An existing 4 stroke-cycle gasoline engine has been partially modified without dynamically
changing its mechanism for the purpose to utilize compressed air as an alternative energy source.
The principle is to mechanically control the compressed air flow through the intake and exhaust
valves every revolution of the crankshaft by modifying the camshaft cam's lobes, which changes
the engine operation from 4 strokes to 2 strokes cycle mode.
As gasoline and other major fuels used now a days in I.C engines releases unburnt gases in the
environment and are counted in the major sources of pollution, compressed air engine can be
used for cleaner, pollution free travel. Overall, air engine does not appear to offer any advantage
over purely electrical means of storing energy .As long as there are no substantial innovations in
compressed-air technology, the real progress in this sector may be the emphasis on light
materials and small car design

INTRODUCTION

A four-stroke engine, also known as four-cycle, is an internal combustion engine in which

the piston completes four separate strokesintake, compression, power, and exhaust - during
two separate revolutions of the engine's crankshaft. The cycle begins TDC, when the piston is
farthest away from the axis of the crankshaft. A cycle refers to the full travel of the piston from
TDC to BDC.
INTAKE stroke: on the intake or induction stroke of the piston, the piston descends from the top
of the cylinder to the bottom of the cylinder, reducing the pressure inside the cylinder. A mixture
of fuel and air, or just air in a diesel engine, is forced by atmospheric (or greater) pressure into
the cylinder through the intake port. The intake valve then close.
COMPRESSION stroke: with both intake and exhaust valves closed, the piston returns to the
top of the cylinder compressing the air, or fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber of the
cylinder head.
POWER stroke: this is the start of the second revolution of the engine. While the piston is close
to Top Dead Centre, the compressed airfuel mixture in a gasoline engine is ignited, usually by
a spark plug, or fuel is injected into the diesel engine, which ignites due to the heat generated in
the air during the compression stroke. The resulting pressure from the combustion of the
compressed fuel-air mixture forces the piston back down toward bottom dead Centre.
EXHAUST stroke: during the exhaust stroke, the piston once again returns to top dead Centre
while the exhaust valve is open. This action evacuates the burnt products of combustion from the
cylinder by expelling the spent fuel-air mixture out through the exhaust valve(s).

BLOCK DIAGRAM
:
DATA COLLECTION

LITREATURE REVIEW

ROUGH SCHEMATICS

DIFFICULTIES/PROBLEMS
FACED

SOLUTIONS PROPOSED

DESIGN ANALYSIS

ENGINE TESTING

VALIDATION OF THE RESULT

After fabrication & Testing of the engine, the following Results were obtained and respective graphs
were drawn out of the tested data which was

1. Graph showing the Pressure supplied Vs. Engine RPM characteristics

Pressure vs R.P.M.
1000
900

R.P.M

800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0

Pressure (bar)

2. Graph depicting the Pressure supplied and Torque output on the Crankshaft relation

Torque on crankshaft (kg-m)

Pressure vs Torque
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

Pressure (bar)

3. The gasoline engine torque curve for the RPM under which the engine was tested can be shown by:

RPM vs Torque for Gasoline Engine

0.25
0.2

Torque (kgf m)

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

200

400

600
R.P.M.

800

1000

1200