Presented By : Hafiz Muhammad Atif

Student ID # : 200319942

Course title: Advanced Gas Processing

Course code: ENIN 831

Absorption by using aqueous

blended solution of
MEA/AMP

CO2 absorption from

Gas Turbine

Introduction of Combine Cycle

Power Plant

Major Equipments

Gas Turbine
HRSG / OTSG
Steam Turbine
Condenser
Cooling Towers
Pumps

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Air Intake (Compressor)

Fuel Intake
Ignition
Combustion Chamber

Gas Turbine

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Why CO2 is Alarming??

Greenhouse gases
Water vapor (H2O)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)

Contributing to
Global warming
Climate change
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Mass transfer technologies for

CO2 capturing
Adsorption
Cryogenics
Membrane technologies

Absorption

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CO2 capturing
technologies
Pre
Combustion

Post
Combustion

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Oxy
Combustion

Post Combustion

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Absorption
Absorption, or gas absorption, is a unit operation used in

the chemical industry to separate gases by washing or

scrubbing a gas mixture with a suitable liquid
The fundamental physical principles underlying the
process of gas absorption are the solubility of the absorbed
gas and the rate of mass transfer. One or more of the
constituents of the gas mixture dissolves or is absorbed in
the liquid and can thus be removed from the mixture. In
some systems, this gaseous constituent forms a physical
solution with the liquid or the solvent, and in other cases ,
it reacts with the liquid chemically.
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 The absorber may be a packed column , plate column ,

spray column , venturi scrubbers , bubble column ,

falling films , wet scrubbers ,stirred tanks usually Plate
and Packed column are used.

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Reaction mechanism
Following reactions occurs according to zwitterion

mechanism

B can be base which could be amine, OH- or H2O

Resulting Carbamate of reaction (1) is quite stable for
MEA
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Cont
Hindered amines carbamate is not stable resulting

Resulting improvement of primary amines

stoichiometry restriction.

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Issues in CO2 absorption

Solvent Selection??

Major industrially chemical absorbents for CO2 are MEA, DEA,

MDEA, DIPA
Most commonly used amine is MEA, limited by following factors
Stoichiometry limitation up to 0.5 mol CO2/mol amine (kg
CO2 absorbed per kg solvent).
Solvent degradation due to SO2 and O2 in flue gas.
High equipment corrosion rate.
High energy consumption
MDEA shows lower reactivity with CO2,
AMP limited by higher precipitation rate
Recently, the use of blends of alkanolamines, a solution of two or
more amines in varying concentrations, has been shown to
produce absorbents with excellent absorption characteristics as
well as savings in energy requirements
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CO2 removal efficiency of MEA and AMP

Cont..

In the beginning MEA

System shows high

Efficiency up to almost
40 min but than due to
limit of stoichiometry
to 0.5 mol CO2/mol amine
this decreases sharply

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Reeducation of Regeneration
Energy
reduction of the energy requirement for solvent

regeneration

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Cont

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Re boiler heat duty

Ratio of the power supplied by the heating fluid at the re boiler and the mass
rate of CO2 released from the regeneration column.
The power supplied was determined by the following equation:

mf
CP
tin,f
tout,f

Mass flow rate of heating fluid

Heat capacity of heating fluid
Temperature of heating fluid entering

Temperature of heating fluid going out

The CO2 mass rate is defined as

amine

CO2
CO2

molar flow rate of amine

Heat capacity of heating fluid
Heat capacity of heating fluid

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Re boiler heat duty

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Regeneration efficiency Vs Repeated

regeneration times

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Optimum Concentration of amine

solution
Rule of thumb
Corrosion rate
Viscosity

Economic ally feasible

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Present research focus

Selection of new optimum Solvents
Make some blend of known amines
Systematic modification of the structure of the

solvents to make them efficient

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Following different blend ratio of aqueous amine 30 %

MEA

AMP

30

24

18

12

12

18

24

30

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Results and discussion

The performances will be evaluated under various

operating conditions to investigate the absorption

characteristic of absorbents by studying followings
using absorption/regeneration process
The absorption rate of CO2
CO2 removal efficiency
Absorption amount
CO2 loading for blended aqueous MEA + AMP.
The optimum blending ratio of MEA and AMP
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The absorption rate of CO2

Kov=overall reaction rate constant =
HA = Henrys constant
Da = Diffusivity

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Effect of gas flow rate and absorbent concentration

Removal efficiency=
% removal decrease with increase in gas
flow rate
Removal efficiency of MEA is more than
AMP

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Cont.
Optimum concentration 30 %

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Cont.
The CO2 removal efficiency of AMP was maintained

highly for a long time due to the additional reaction by

zwitterions mechanism. Therefore, the use of blended
solution of the MEA and AMP for CO2 removal could
be more useful to enhance absorption characteristics
than a single absorbent. Meanwhile, CO2 absorption
amount of aqueous 30 wt.% MEA and 30 wt.% AMP
solutions were 0.46 and 0.84 mol CO2/mol amine,
respectively

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Effect of blending with MEA and AMP

MEA has higher removal efficiency and fast reaction

rate with CO2 while AMP has higher capability to

absorb more CO2 than MEA so blending is nice option.
The CO2 removal of
30/0 > 0/30 of MEA/AMP for
single aq amine solution
Removal decreases with
Increase in AMP concentration

Student ID number : 200319942

Cont
While absorption amount of CO2 increases with

increase in AMP concentration.

So rectangular area looks efficient point
Thus performance of the blended solution looks
better.

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Effect of regenerator temperature

Experimental conditions
Absorber temperature
40C
Gas flow rate
7.5 L/min
CO2 inlet concentration 12.% by vol
Liquid flow rate
90 mL/min

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Cont.
Addition of AMP provides

better results than alone MEA

Best temperature found
to be 110 oC

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Cont

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Conclusions
After comparative study we can conclude
In absorption process MEA was superior to AMP in the

CO2 removal efficiency but AMP was better than MEA

in CO2 absorption amount.

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Groups working .

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Main Challenge

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Major References
Evaluation of natural gas combined cycle power plant for

post-combustion CO2capture integration (International

Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 19 (2013) 396405 )
Carbon capture and storages (Energy Policy 36 2008 4317
4322)
Advances in CO2 capture technology The U.S. Department
of Energys Carbon Sequestration Programs
Mass Transfer Performance of CO2 Absorption into
Aqueous Solutions of 4-Diethylamino-2-butanol, Mono
ethanolamine and N-Methyl di ethanolamine
Carbon Capture: A Technology Assessment July 19, 2010
Pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-combustion in
thermal power plant for CO2 capture Applied Thermal
Engineering 30 (2010) 5362

Student ID number : 200319942

Student ID number : 200319942

Student ID number : 200319942