Canam Joist Catalog

MEP-C1Joist SJI S+S-1110_MEP-C1, C4 Joist SJI-USA 16/11/10 8:57 AM Page 2
Joist
Catalog
42nd EDITION
SJI SPECIFICATIONS
A division of Canam Group
LRFD
ASD
MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:33 AM Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Pages identified with a red tab

or the Canam logo
as shown above are
Canams supplement to
the Steel Joist Institute (SJI)
42nd EDITION, STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS, LOAD TABLES &
WEIGHT TABLES FOR
STEEL JOISTS AND
JOIST GIRDERS,
meant to advance the easy
application of steel joists
in North American construction.
Pages identified with the black tab

or the SJI logo as shown above
are a reproduction of the SJIs
42nd EDITION, STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS, LOAD TABLES &
WEIGHT TABLES FOR
STEEL JOISTS AND
JOIST GIRDERS,
provided in this catalog by Canam.
SUBJECT
Canam Corporate Information
Detailing with Open Web Steel Joists

Combined Bridging Tables
Girder and Joist Connections, Bearing, Bridging Details
Added Members, Sloped Seats, Duct Openings
Field Bolted Splice
20
Engineering with Open Web Steel Joists

Load / Span Design, ASD vs. LRFD
Special Loads, End Moments
Joists Longer than SJI
Special Shapes, OSHA Highlights
Floor Vibration, Joist Substitutes
Outriggers and Extensions, Headers
Pitched Joists, Sloped Joists, Standing Seam Roofs
Design Economy
36
Steel Joist Institute History and General Information

SJI History, SJI Policy
Membership
Publications
Introductions
40
SJI K-Series
K-Series Specs: Sections 1 through 6
K-Series Definition of span
K-Series Standard LRFD Load Table
K-Series Standard ASD Load Table
60
SJI KCS Series

K-Series KCS joists Standard LRFD Load Table
K-Series KCS joists Standard ASD Load Table
65
SJI LH & DLH Series

LH & DLH-Series Specs Sections 100 through 105
LH & DLH Series Standard LRFD Load Table
LH & DLH-Series Standard ASD Load Table
87
SJI Joist Girders

Joist Girders Specs Sections 1000 to 1006
Joist Girders LRFD Weight Table
Joist Girders ASD Weight Table
117
Code of Standard Practice

Referenced Specifications, Codes and Standards
Code of Standard Practice: Sections 1 through 8
Glossary
132
Appendices
A. Joist Substitutes K-Series
B. Top Chord Extension / Extended Ends, K-Series
C. K-Series Economy Tables
D. Fire Resistance Ratings
E. OSHA Safety Standards
165
Business Units, Addresses
Canam and Design, Red Dot Design, Murox,

and Sun Steel Buildings are registered trademarks
of Canam Group Inc. Solutions + Services is a trademark of
Canam Group Inc. Hambro is a trademark of
Hambro International (Structures) Ltd.
The following documents contained in this catalog have been approved by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI):
Standard Specifications for Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series and Load Tables (SJI-K-1.1).
Standard Specifications for Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series and Deep Longspan Steel Joists,
DLH-Series and Load Tables (SJI-LH/DLH-1.1).
Standard Specifications for Joist Girders (SJI-JG-1.1).
Metric Load Tables are available

in a downloadable PDF from www.canam.ws,
click on Documentation Center
or contact your local sales office.
P-3615CANAM
& P-3606
PLANTS
COMPOSITE
1
CANAM PLANTS
6
8
7
9
Vancouver
Issaquah
Calgary
7
Qubec
Sunnyside
10
Saint-Gdon Moncton
10
Boucherville
Laval
Brockville
Chittenango
Boston
Mississauga
Chicago
Wynnewood
Toledo
1n
Baltimore
Point of Rocks
Indianapolis Columbus
Lenexa
Bealeton
Washington
PLANTS
Atlanta
UNITED STATES
Jacksonville
1
2
3
4
Point of Rocks, Maryland

Jacksonville, Florida
Sunnyside, Washington
Washington, Missouri
CANADA
Plant
Canam Sales Office
5
6
7
8
9
10
Saint-Gdon (Quebec)
Boucherville (Quebec)
Calgary (Alberta)
Laval (Qubec)
Mississauga (Ontario)
Qubec (Quebec)
CANAM CORPORATE INFORMATION

OUR MISSION
To be a profitable company, recognized as a leader in the design and fabrication
of building solutions and distinguished by our versatility, the high quality of
our products, our continuous innovation, our exceptional customer service
and the expertise and dedication of our people.
OUR VALUES
Total client satisfaction: Exceptional service
Excellent relations with our personnel
First quality products: non negotiable
Low-cost producer
Safe, clean and orderly working environment
Good corporate citizen
CANAM CORPORATE INFORMATION

OUR PLANTS AND PRODUCTS
Canam follows strict quality standards. All our welders, inspectors, and quality assurance technicians are certified by the American
Welding Society or the Canadian Welding Bureau. We do visual inspections on 100% of the welded joints and perform
non-destructive testing if required.
PLANT CERTIFICATIONS
SJI
Yes
Jacksonville, FL
Yes
Point of Rocks, MD
Washington, MO
Boucherville, QC
Saint-Gdon, QC
Mississauga, ON
Calgary, AB
Yes
Yes
SSBS, P
SSBS
Yes
Yes
Yes
BS, SSBS, Cbr, P, F
setatS detinU
Plants
Sunnyside, WA
AISC
CWB
ISO
adanaC
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
UL
ULC
Hambro
Yes
9002
9001:2000
ICC
Steel Deck
& Plant
FM
SJI:
Steel Deck AISC:

CWB:
ISO:
Steel Deck
& Hambro
Steel Deck
Steel Deck
Steel Deck ULC:
Steel Deck
Hambro
Steel Deck
UL:
Steel Deck
Hambro
Steel Deck
Steel Deck
Steel Deck
Hambro
Steel Deck
Steel Deck
ICC *:
FM:
SSBS:
BS:
P:
F:
Steel Joist Institute

American Institute of Steel Construction
Canadian Welding Bureau
International Organization
for Standardization
Underwriters Laboratories
Underwriters Laboratories of Canada
International Code Council
Factory Mutual
Standards for Steel Building Structures
Major Steel Bridges
Sophisticated Paint Endorsement
Fracture Critical Endorsement
* Formerly The International Conference

of Building Officials (ICBO).
OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

Canam has been producing open web steel joists for
40 years and has developed expertise in engineering and
fabrication to better serve our customers with quality
products.
In our search for quality,
Canam has introduced a
series of small cold formed
channels to provide individual
web members for most steel
joists spanning over thirty feet.
These straight web members
allow an easier weld with the
chord members.
ENGINEERING & DRAFTING

Our engineering staff is ready and willing to help you
with any technical matters you may have with the use
of open web steel joists. We have developed a taste for technically challenging projects. We like to innovate and find
whats best for our customers.
Canam has developed enough drafting capacity so that
100% of our drawings are done by Canam employees.
Canam is not using sub-contractors to perform any of our
technical work. This way, we can ensure quick response
time, quality, and consistency to our customers.
PAINT
Canams standard shop paint is GRAY primer.
Other primer colors may be available at some locations.
The typical shop applied primer that is used to coat steel
joists and joist girders is a dip-applied, air dried paint. The
primer is intended to be an impermanent and provisional
coating which will protect the steel for only a short period
of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions.
Since most steel joists and joist girders are primed using a
standard dip coating, the coating may not be uniform and
may include drips, runs, and sags. Compatibility of any coating, including fire protective coatings, applied over standard
shop primer shall be the responsibility of the
specifier and/or painting contractor.
The primer coating may require field touch-up/repair.
The joist manufacturer shall not be responsible for the
condition of the primer if it is not properly protected
after delivery.
DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES
NUMBER OF ROWS OF BRIDGING**
K-SERIESRefer to the K-Series Load Table and Specification Section 6 for required bolted diagonal bridging.
Distances are Joist Span lengths See Definition of Span preceding Load Table.
*Section
Number
1
Row
2
Rows
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
Up thru 16
Up thru 17
Up thru 18
Up thru 19
Up thru 19
Up thru 19
Up thru 20
Up thru 20
Up thru 20
Up thru 20
Up thru 20
Up thru 20
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
16
17
18
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
thru
3
Rows
24
25
28
28
29
29
33
33
33
37
38
39
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
4
Rows
24 thru
25 thru
28 thru
28 thru
29 thru
29 thru
33 thru
33 thru
33 thru
37 thru
38 thru
39 thru
28
32
38
38
39
39
45
45
46
51
53
53
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
38
38
39
39
45
45
46
51
53
53
5
Rows
thru 40
thru 48
thru 50
thru 51
thru 58
thru 58
thru 59
thru 60
thru 60
thru 60
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
50
51
58
58
59
thru 52
thru 56
thru 60
thru 60
thru 60
** Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.

** See Section 5.11 of the K-Series specification for additional bridging required for uplift design
For KCS-Series joists,
use the tables for K-Series
with an equivalent section number,
as shown in the chart below:
MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING

**BRIDGING MATERIAL SIZE
K-SERIES
SECTION
NUMBER*
Equal Leg Angles HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed

1-1/8 CF
1 HR
r = .20
1-3/8 CF
1-1/4 HR
r = .25
1-5/8 CF
1-1/2 HR
r = .30
1-7/8 CF
1-3/4 HR
r = .35
2-1/8 CF
2 HR
r = .40
2-1/2 HR
r = .50
1 thru 9
5-0
6-3
7-6
8-7
10-0
12-6
10
4-8
6-3
7-6
8-7
10-0
12-6
11 and 12
4-0
5-8
7-6
8-7
10-0
12-6
** Refer to last digit(s) of Joist Designation ** Connection to Joist must resist a nominal unfactored 700-pound force.
Certain joists require bolted diagonal bridging for erection stability for spans less than 60 feet.
The chart below lists those designations and the minimum spans at which bolted diagonal bridging
is required. All joists over 60 feet require erection stability bridging.
12K1
14K1
16K2
16K3
16K4
16K5
18K3
18K4
18K5
18K6
20K3
20K4
20K5
20K6
20K7
20K9
23
27
29
30
32
32
31
32
33
35
32
34
34
36
39
39
22K4
22K5
22K6
22K7
22K9
24K4
24K5
24K6
24K7
24K8
24K9
26K5
26K6
26K7
26K8
26K9
34
35
36
40
40
36
38
39
43
43
44
38
39
43
44
44
26K10
28K6
28K7
28K8
28K9
28K10
28K12
30K7
30K8
30K9
30K10
30K11
30K12
18LH02
20LH02
20LH03
49
40
43
44
45
49
53
44
45
45
50
52
54
33
33
38
24LH03
24LH04
24LH05
24LH06
28LH05
28LH06
28LH07
28LH08
32LH06
32LH07
32LH08
36LH07
36LH08
36LH09
40HL08
40LH09
44LH09
35
39
40
45
42
46
54
54
47
47
55
47
47
57
47
47
52
On Canams framing plans, the erection stability bridging lines are identified with the following symbol
and notation:
ES
APPROVER / ERECTOR NOTE:
All ERECTION STABILITY bridging lines shall be installed prior to the slackening of hoisting lines.
JOIST
DESIGNATION
BRIDGING TABLE
SECT. NO.
10KCS1
10KCS2
10KCS3
12KCS1
12KCS2
12KCS3
14KCS1
14KCS2
14KCS3
16KCS2
16KCS3
16KCS4
16KCS5
18KCS2
18KCS3
18KCS4
18KCS5
20KCS2
20KCS3
20KCS4
20KCS5
22KCS2
22KCS3
22KCS4
22KCS5
24KCS2
24KCS3
24KCS4
24KCS5
26KCS2
26KCS3
26KCS4
26KCS5
28KCS2
28KCS3
28KCS4
28KCS5
30KCS3
30KCS4
30KCS5
1
1
1
3
5
5
4
6
6
6
9
9
9
6
9
10
10
6
9
10
10
6
9
11
11
6
9
12
12
6
9
12
12
6
9
12
12
9
12
12

COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES
LH-DLH
*SECTION
NUMBER
Consult Canam for depths or spacings not covered in the charts,

or for bridging row requirements for special joists.
MAX. SPACING
OF LINES OF
BRIDGING
NOMINAL
HORIZONTAL
BRACING
FORCE **
11-0
12-0
13-0
14-0
16-0
16-0
21-0
21-0
26-0
400
500
650
800
1000
1200
1600
1800
2000
lbs
K, LH & DLH SERIES JOISTS, SPECIAL JOISTS

MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR DIAGONAL BRIDGING
02,03,04
05,06
07,08
09,10
11,12
13,14
15,16
17
18,19
BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE - (Equal Leg Angles) HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed
JOIST
DEPTH
1-1/8 CF
1 HR
r = .20
1-3/8 CF
1-1/4 HR
r = .25
1-5/8 CF
1-1/2 HR
r = .30
1-7/8 CF
1-3/4 HR
r = .35
6-6
6-6
6-6
6-6
6-5
6-4
6-4
6-3
6-2
6-2
6-1
5-11
5-9
5-6
5-4
5-0
4-9
4-4
4-0
8-3
8-3
8-2
8-2
8-2
8-1
8-1
8-0
8-0
7-11
7-10
7-9
7-7
7-5
7-3
7-1
6-10
6-8
6-4
6-1
5-9
5-5
5-0
4-6
9-11
9-11
9-10
9-10
9-10
9-10
9-9
9-9
9-8
9-8
9-7
9-6
9-5
9-3
9-2
9-0
8-10
8-7
8-5
8-2
8-0
7-8
7-5
7-1
6-9
6-0
5-3
4-4
11-7
11-7
11-6
11-6
11-6
11-6
11-5
11-5
11-5
11-4
11-4
11-3
11-2
11-0
10-11
10-9
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
10-0
9-9
9-6
9-4
9-0
8-5
7-11
7-5
6-9
6-0
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
96
102
108
114
120
SECTION
NUMBER*
2-1/8 CF
2 HR
r = .40
13-3
13-2
13-2
13-2
13-1
13-1
13-1
13-0
12-11
12-10
12-9
12-8
12-7
12-5
12-4
12-2
12-0
11-10
11-8
11-6
11-4
11-1
10-8
10-3
9-10
9-4
8-9
2-1/2 HR
r = .50
Number of lines of bridging is based on joist clear span

dimensions.
*Last two digits of joist designation shown in load table
** Nominal bracing force is unfactored.
16-0
15-10
15-9
15-8
15-6
15-5
15-3
15-1
14-11
14-7
14-4
14-0
13-8
13-4
SERIES
BRIDGING BOLT SIZES

SECTION
NUMBER
K
LH/DLH
LH/DLH
ALL
2 - 12
13 - 17
DLH
18 & 19
MINIMUM
BOLT SIZE
3/8 A307
3/8 A307
1/2A307
or 3/8 A325
5/8 A307
or 1/2A325
Michaels Distribution Center,

Centralia, WA
LH SERIES JOISTS
SPANS OVER 60 REQUIRE BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING
**BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE - (Equal Leg Angle) HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed
1-1/8 CF
1-3/8 CF
1-5/8 CF
1-7/8 CF
2-1/8 CF
1 HR
1-1/4 HR
1-1/2 HR
1-3/4 HR
2 HR
2-1/2 HR
r = .20
r = .25
r = .30
r = .35
r = .40
r = .50
02, 03, 04
4-7
6-3
7-6
8-9
10-0
12-4
05 - 06
4-1
5-9
7-6
8-9
10-0
12-4
07 - 08
3-9
5-1
6-8
8-6
10-0
12-4
09 - 10
4-6
6-0
7-8
10-0
12-4
11 - 12
4-1
5-5
6-10
8-11
12-4
13 - 14
3-9
4-11
6-3
8-2
12-4
15 - 16
4-3
5-5
7-1
11-0
17
4-0
5-1
6-8
10-5
** Refer to last two digits of Joist Designation.

** Connection to joist must resist force listed in Table 104.5.1 of the LH-Series specification.

GIRDER AND JOIST CONNECTIONS
3/4 BOLTS
5 GAGE
1-1/2
7-1/2
3/4 BOLTS
5 GAGE
5 GAGE
7-1/2
7-1/2
1/2
STABILIZER PLATE
GIRDER CONNECTION
3/4 BOLTS
STABILIZER PLATE
STABILIZER PLATE
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
GIRDER CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
GIRDER CONNECTION
3/4 BOLTS
4 GA, @ LH & DLH *
2-1/2
3/4 BOLTS
HALF
STD GA
5 GAGE
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
3/4 BOLTS
4 GA, @ LH & DLH *
1/2 BOLTS
3-1/2 GA, @ K
1/2 BOLTS
3-1/2 GA, @ K
2-1/2 @ K
5 @ LH & DLH *
7-1/2
2-1/2 @ K
5 @ LH & DLH *
4 @ K
6 @ LH & DLH *
STABILIZER PLATE
STABILIZER PLATE
GIRDER CONNECTION
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
3/4 BOLTS
4 GA, @ LH & DLH *
1/2 BOLTS
3-1/2 GA, @ K
2-1/2
2-1/2 @ K
5 @ LH & DLH *
2-1/2 @ K
5 @ LH & DLH *
3
3/4 BOLTS
4 GA, @ LH & DLH *
1/2 BOLTS
3-1/2 GA, @ K
2-1/2 @ K
5 @ LH & DLH *
1/2
4 @ K
6 @ LH &
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
3/4 BOLTS
4 GA, @ LH & DLH *
1/2 BOLTS
3-1/2 GA, @ K
1-1/2
JOIST CONNECTION
1
STABILIZER PLATE
STABILIZER PLATE
DLH *
1
STABILIZER PLATE
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
* = DLH18 and DLH19 will have girder standards.
10
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM

GIRDER AND
JOIST BEARING
BEARING SEAT DEPTHS
Listed above and within the SJI Specification are

minimum end anchorage welds. However, for joists
subjected to net wind uplift forces, thicker and/or longer
welds may be required to properly anchor the joist for the
net wind uplift loading case. While SJI assigns
responsibility for the end anchorage connection to the
specifying professional, the behavior of the joist bearing
seat is a complex function of both the connection weld
and the construction of the joist bearing seat.
Of particular concern is the transfer of the joist net uplift
end reaction from the joist centerline to the tips or toes of
the joist bearing seat where the weld is applied. A short
weld of only one inch long, the minimum for K-series
joists, will not allow the full length of the joist bearing seat
to be engaged in this transfer, and hence, the uplift
capacity of the seat is limited to less than the weld
capacity. Canam suggests that contract drawings
show a minimum K-Series end anchorage of two 5/32 x
1-1/2 welds, to provide a reasonable minimum capacity
for net uplift.
High wind loads, and/or large tributary areas, may require
even thicker or longer welds, and the chart below lists
the permissible end reaction of the ASD and LRFD net
wind uplift load combinations, respectively, for various
weld combinations.
Weld
(fillet, each side)
1/8 x 1
5/32 x 1-1/2
5/32 x 2
5/32 x 2-1/2
Reactions (kips)
ASD
LRFD
1.5
2.6
3.1
3.7
2.3
4.0
4.7
5.5
Where a joist seat has been detailed for a bolted

connection, and for any reason the bolt is not utilized,
the empty slot in the bearing seat leg severely diminishes
uplift capacity. In such a condition, if a weld and no bolt
is to be used on a slotted bearing seat, then the weld
should be applied within the empty slot.
REALITY: It can be advantageous to increase the bearing

seat depth for K-Series joists and to decrease the bearing seat depth for LH-Series joists that are not too large.
Canam suggests the use of a 3-1/2 each bearing seat
for both K-Series joists, and LH-Series joists for nominal
end reactions of up to 10 kips and bay lengths of up to
60 feet, for the following reasons:
Many heavily loaded K-Series joists, as well as
KCS4 and KCS5 joists, utilize 2-1/2 top chord angles,
making it difficult to construct a 2-1/2 deep seat.
Once roof slopes start to exceed 1/4 to 12, they can
be difficult to accommodate with 2-1/2 deep seats.
And many roofs with a theoretical slope of 1/4 to 12
in fact end up with a conditions where the joist slope
exceeds 1/4 to 12.
The required top chord extension length and capacity
may be difficult to obtain at 2-1/2 deep, particularly
if the joist is sloped at all.
The standard clearance to the joist end web member
is larger at 3-1/2 than 2-1/2 deep, and so larger
beam and joist girder widths can be accommodated
as shown, without extended seats and piecemark
variations.
3 1/2
END ANCHORAGE
FOR UPLIFT
MYTH: Variations from the standard bearing seat depth

of 2-1/2 for K-Series and 5 for LH-Series joists are not
cost effective.
The joist end reaction can be delivered closer to the

end of a 3-1/2 deep seat than a 2-1/2 deep seat.
This allows the possibility of a special condition as
shown, where the joist bearing plate on a load bearing
wall can be centered as shown, and the joist end web
member will clear the edge of the wall.
3 1/2
See page 10 for standard girder and joist connections at

columns. Joists not falling directly at a column line have to
be welded and/or bolted depending on conditions. As per
OSHA, any joists in bays over 40 and bearing on steel
framing have to be bolted unless the joists are assembled
on the ground into panels and then set in place. Minimum
welds are two 1/8 x 1 long fillet welds for K-Series and
two 1/4 x 2 long fillet welds for LH and DLH-Series.
K-Series joists shall bear at least 2 1/2 on steel and 4 on
masonry while LH, DLH, and girder shall bear a minimum
of 4 on steel and 6 on masonry.
1 1/2 MAX
In high seismic regions, where a strut may be utilized

to transfer seismic axial forces to the base of the joist
seat, 3-1/2 provides more detailing options than
2-1/2 deep seats, while reducing the eccentricity of a
5 deep seat.
For nominal end reactions of up to 10 kips and bays
of up to 60 feet, both K-Series and LH-Series joist
designations can be readily combined with a seat
depth of 3-1/2 inches.
A seat depth of 3-1/2 reduces headroom by only 1
when compared to 2-1/2 deep seats, and increases
headroom by 1-1/2 when compared to 5 deep seats.
11

KNEE BRACE DETAIL
BRIDGING CONTINUITY
Horizontal bridging shall not be discontinuous. Proper
anchorage is required to the structural frame, a wall, or
a diagonally braced joist space, at each end of each
horizontal bridging row. Where horizontal bridging in one
joist space must be cut in the field, add X-bridging on
each side of the cut bridging opening, as shown:
1/4
1/4
1/8
1/8
1
1
2 LH SERIES
2 TYP. MIN.
K SERIES
TYP. MIN.
MIN
1/8 2
KNEE BRACE ONLY

IF REQUIRED BY DESIGN
SEE PLAN FOR LOCATIONS
UPLIFT BRIDGING
Where uplift is a design consideration, the NET uplift
value shall be provided on the contract drawings.
Additional lines of bridging will be required at the first
bottom chord panel points as shown.
UPLIFT BRIDGING:
1 ROW OF HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
@ FIRST BOTTOM CHORD PANEL POINT
ON EACH END OF JOIST AS SHOWN.
TYPICAL ALL JOISTS, ALL BAYS, IN ADDITION TO
STANDARD BRIDGING SHOWN ON PLAN.
FIRST BOTTOM CHORD

PANEL POINT
BRIDGING PLACEMENT
Top and bottom chord bridging lines need not be aligned vertically. Many factors influence the placement of bridging
lines, including; clearance for sprinkler lines and heads, bridging and bridging clip interference with panel points, and
lateral support of the bottom chord for wind uplift design. Certain Canam projects and drawings will include special
diagrams for the placement of the bridging lines like the example shown here.
4 EQUAL SPA @ TC
1st BC PANEL POINT
12
4 EQUAL SPA @ BC
1st BC PANEL POINT
ACCESSORIES AND DETAILS

ADDED MEMBERS
CL OF PANEL POINT
CL OF POINT LOAD
FIELD INSTALLED
MEMBER BRACE, EACH SIDE
NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER.
AS SPECIFIED
EACH END (TYP.)
CL OF PANEL POINT
CL OF POINT LOAD
TYPICAL JOIST REINFORCEMENT

AT CONCENTRATED LOADS
MAY VARY BY
MANUFACTURER
CEILING EXTENSION
Standard joists, including KCS-Series, are not designed for

localized bending from point loads. Concentrated loads
must be applied at joist panel points or field strut members
must be utilized as shown.
Joist manufacturers can provide a specially designed joist
with the capability to take point loads without the added
members if this requirement and the exact location and
magnitude of the loads are clearly shown on the contract
drawings. Also, the manufacturer can consider the worst
case for both the shear and bending moment for a traveling load with no specific location. When a traveling load is
specified, the contract drawings should indicate whether
the load is to be applied at the top or bottom chord, and at
any panel point, or at any point with the local bending
effects considered.
BOTTOM CHORD EXTENSION
BAY LENGTH
ADDITIONAL ROW OF XBRIDGING,
BRIDGING NEAR SUPPORT
USE STANDARD SJI CRITERIA FOR BEARING
SQUARE ENDED, BOTTOM BEARING

Whenever joists are bottom chord bearing, diagonal bridging
should be installed from joist to joist at or near the bearing
location to provide additional lateral erection stability.
Note: Joist configuration and member sizes may vary.
ADDITIONAL ROW OF XBRIDGING,

BRIDGING NEAR SUPPORT
FULL DEPTH CANTILEVERED END

ADDITIONAL ROW OF
BRIDGING AT END
USE STANDARD SJI CRITERIA FOR

BEARING
CANTILEVERED, BOTTOM BEARING,

SQUARE END
The weight of walls, signage, fascia, etc. supported at the
end of a cantilever square end must be shown on the contract drawings to be properly considered in the joist
design.
Note: Joist configuration and member sizes may vary.
13

K-SERIES BRIDGING DETAILS
EXPANSION BOLTS
BY OTHERS, U.O.N.
WELD
HORIZONTAL
BRIDGING
BRIDGING ANCHORS
BY OTHERS, U.O.N.
WELD
FIELD WELDED
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
SEE SJI SPECIFICATIONS
NOTE: DO NOT WELD BRIDGING TO JOIST WEB MEMBERS.
DO NOT HANG ANY MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, ETC. FROM BRIDGING.
EXPANSION BOLTS
BY OTHERS
BRIDGING ANCHORS
BY OTHERS, U.O.N.
BOLT (TYP.)
FIELD WELD ALL CONNECTIONS
WELDED CROSS BRIDGING

BOLTED CROSS BRIDGING

HORIZONTAL BRIDGING SHALL BE USED IN SPACE

ADJACENT TO THE WALL TO ALLOW FOR PROPER
DEFLECTION OF THE JOIST NEAREST THE WALL.
(a) HORIZONTAL BRIDGING UNITS SHALL BE USED IN

THE SPACE ADJACENT TO THE WALL TO ALLOW FOR
PROPER DEFLECTION OF THE JOIST NEAREST THE
WALL.
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
CUT TO FIT IN FIELD LAP TO BE 2" MIN.
USE ALL DROPS.
2"
1/8
1/8
FIELD WELD
SEE SPEC 5.4
1/8
FIELD WELD
SEE SPEC 5.4
1/8
FIELD WELD
SEE SPEC 5.4
FIELD WELD
SEE SPEC 5.4
2"
14
(b) FOR REQUIRED BOLT SIZE REFER TO BRIDGING

TABLE. NOTE: CLIP CONFIGURATION MAY VARY FROM
THAT SHOWN.

LH- AND DLH-SERIES BRIDGING DETAILS
EXPANSION BOLTS
BY OTHERS
BRIDGING ANCHORS
BY OTHERS, U.O.N.

FIELD WELDED
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
NOTE: DO NOT WELD BRIDGING TO WEB MEMBERS.
DO NOT HANG ANY MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, ETC.
FROM BRIDGING.
EXPANSION BOLTS
BY OTHERS
BRIDGING ANCHORS
BY OTHERS, U.O.N.
BOLT (TYP.)
WELDED CROSS BRIDGING

HORIZONTAL BRIDGING SHALL BE USED IN SPACE
ADJACENT TO THE WALL TO ALLOW FOR PROPER
DEFLECTION OF THE JOIST NEAREST THE WALL.
BOLTED CROSS BRIDGING

(a) HORIZONTAL BRIDGING UNITS SHALL BE USED IN
THE SPACE ADJACENT TO THE WALL TO ALLOW FOR
PROPER DEFLECTION OF THE JOIST NEAREST THE
WALL.
(b) FOR REQUIRED BOLT SIZE REFER TO BRIDGING
TABLE. NOTE: CLIP CONFIGURATION MAY VARY FROM
THAT SHOWN.
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
CUT TO FIT IN FIELD LAP TO BE 2" MIN.
USE ALL DROPS.
2"
1/8
1/8
FIELD WELD
SEE SPEC 104.5
1/8
FIELD WELD
SEE SPEC 104.5
FIELD WELD
SEE SPEC 104.5
2"
1/8
FIELD WELD
SEE SPEC 104.5
15

SLOPED SEAT REQUIREMENTS FOR SLOPES 3/8: 12 AND GREATER
K-SERIES OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
HIGH END
LOW END
NO
TCX
NO END OF SEAT
TCX
END OF SEAT
12"
SLOPE
SLOPE
RATE
12"
SLOPE
2 1/2"
MIN.
4"
STD.
WITH
TCX
E.O.B.
2 1/2"
END OF SEAT
12"
SLOPE
WITH
TCX
SLOPE
3"
4"
STD.
E.O.B.: EDGE OF BEARING
SEE
CHART d
3/8: 12
1/2: 12
1: 12
4"
STD.
C 1 1/2: 12
2: 12
END OF
SEAT
2 1/2: 12
12"
3: 12
2 1/2" 3 1/2: 12
SEE
4: 12
CHART d
4 1/2: 12
5: 12
6: 12 &
4"
STD.
OVER
D
HIGH END
SEAT
DEPTH
d
(MIN.)
3"
3"
3 1/2"
3 1/2"
4"
4"
4"
4 1/2"
4 1/2"
4 1/2"
5"
SEE
BELOW
NOTES:
(1) Depths shown are the minimums required for manufacturing of sloped bearing seats. Depths may vary depending on actual bearing conditions.
(2) d = 1/2 + 2.5 / cos + 4 tan
(3) Clearance must be checked at outer edge of support as shown in Detail B. Increase bearing depth as required to permit passage of 2 1/2" deep extension.
(4) If extension depth greater than 2 1/2" is required (see Details B and D) increase bearing depths accordingly.
(5) If slope is 1/4: 12 or less, sloped seats are not required.
16

SLOPED SEAT REQUIREMENTS FOR SLOPES 3/8: 12 AND GREATER
LH- AND DLH-SERIES STEEL JOISTS
HIGH END
LOW END
NO
TCX
NO
TCX
END OF SEAT
12"
SLOPE
END OF SEAT
SLOPE
RATE
12"
SLOPE
5" MIN.
WITH
TCX
E.O.B.
5"
SEE
CHART d
3/8: 12
1/2: 12
1: 12
6"
6"
A
C 1 1/2: 12
STD.
STD.
END OF
END OF SEAT WITH
2: 12
TCX
SEAT
12"
2 1/2: 12
12"
SLOPE
3: 12
SLOPE
5"
3 1/2: 12
SEE
4: 12
CHART d
5 1/2"
4 1/2: 12
5: 12
6"
6: 12 &
6"
STD.
STD.
OVER
E.O.B.: EDGE OF BEARING
HIGH END
SEAT
DEPTH
d
(MIN.)
5 1/2"
6"
6"
6 1/2"
6 1/2"
7"
7"
7 1/2"
8"
8"
8 1/2"
SEE
BELOW
Notes:
(1) Depths shown are the minimums required for manufacturing of sloped bearing seats.
(2) d = 1/2 + 5 / cos + 6 tan
(3) Clearance must checked at outer edge of support as shown in Detail B. Increase bearing depth as required to permit passage
of 5" deep extension.
(4) If extension depth greater than 5" is required (see Details B and D) increase bearing depths accordingly.
(5) Add 2 1/2" to seat depth at 18 and 19 chord section numbers. Consult manufacturer for information when TCXs are present.
17

APPROXIMATE DUCT OPENING SIZES
JOIST
DEPTH
ROUND
SQUARE
RECTANGLE
8 INCHES
5 INCHES
4x4 INCHES
3x6 INCHES
10 INCHES
5 INCHES
4x4 INCHES
3x7 INCHES
12 INCHES
7 INCHES
5x5 INCHES
3x8 INCHES
14 INCHES
8 INCHES
6x6 INCHES
5x9 INCHES
16 INCHES
8 INCHES
6x6 INCHES
5x9 INCHES
18 INCHES
9 INCHES
7x7 INCHES
5x9 INCHES
20 INCHES
10 INCHES
8x8 INCHES
6x11 INCHES
22 INCHES
10 INCHES
9x9 INCHES
7x11 INCHES
24 INCHES
12 INCHES
10x10 INCHES
7x13 INCHES
26 INCHES
15 INCHES*
12x12 INCHES*
9x18 INCHES*
28 INCHES
16 INCHES*
13x13 INCHES*
9x18 INCHES*
30 INCHES
17 INCHES*
14x14 INCHES*
10x18 INCHES*
SPECIFYING PROFESSIONAL MUST INDICATE ON STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS SIZE AND LOCATION OF ANY DUCT THAT IS
TO PASS THRU JOIST. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE ANY FIREPROOFING ATTACHED TO JOIST. FOR DEEPER LH- AND DLHSERIES JOISTS, CONSULT MANUFACTURER.
* FOR ROD WEB CONFIGURATION THESE WILL BE REDUCED, CONSULT MANUFACTURER.
18

DUCT OPENINGS
FIELD BOLTED SPLICE
Open web steel joists allow the passage of pipes,

conduits, and ducts through the joist. The specifier shall
clearly show the size and exact location of ducts which
have a fixed location and cannot be field located
around the joist webs.
To maximize the duct openings in a joist girder, the joist
girder can be specified as a VG type. By aligning the
vertical web members of the girder with the joists it
supports, the duct opening in the girder, between the
joists, is maximized.
VG GIRDER
DUCT
The chart on the preceding page provides conservative

limits for duct opening sizes. For slightly larger openings, please consult Canam. It is likely the accommodation can be made with conventional joist geometry.
For joists deeper than the charted depths, it is likely that
the joist can accommodate a round duct with a diameter of up to 55% of the joist depth.
When duct-opening dimensions exceed the limits of a
conventional joist geometry, some web members must
be removed. The shear forces are then transferred to
the adjacent web members through the top and bottom
chords. The chords will need to be reinforced; this will
limit the maximum height of the free opening as well.
The maximum opening height should be limited to the
joist depth minus 8 (200 mm). If the opening height
cannot be limited to this value, contact Canam.
Because the shear forces carried by the web members
increase along the joist toward the bearing, the location
of the duct opening is more critical near the bearings
where more shear forces must be transferred through
the top and bottom chords. For this reason, the ductopening center must be located away from a bearing by
a distance of at least 2.5 times the joist depth. The best
location (for economical reasons) is at the mid span of
the joist.
Field bolted splices can be provided on any joist type

when required for shipment or due to site constraints,
such as a retrofit use.
Note that spliced joists are normally fabricated as
one complete piece in Canams shops, and are then
separated for shipment.
In assembling the joist, the erector must match mates.
The joist mates will be marked 1L and 1R or 2L and
2R and so on in addition to regular joist piece marks.
Two dissimilar mates will not fit together properly. The
metal tag for the left half of the spliced joists will be
placed near the bearing end, and this end must
be placed to match the tagged end on the framing plan.
The metal tag for the right half is placed on the left end of
this half, near the splice.
SPLICE
JOIST TOP CHORD

SPLICE CONNECTION
JOIST BOTTOM CHORD

SPLICE CONNECTION
NOTE:
QUANTITY AND ARRANGEMENT OF BOLTS
AND PLATES MAY VARY.
ALL BOLTS ARE TO BE HIGH STRENGTH.
(A325 OR A490)
TYP. SPLICE DETAIL
Location must be greater than

2.5 x H
4 min.
4 min.
19
ENGINEERING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

LOAD / SPAN DESIGN
As an alternate to a standard joist designation in the load
tables, Canam can design and manufacture a
special load/span joist for the exact uniform load
requirements. A load/span joist should be designated as
follows:
ddKSPtl/ll
ie. 24KSP300/175
dd = depth in inches
tl = total load in plf
ll = live load in plf
Live load deflection will be governed by L/360 for floors
or L/240 for roof unless noted otherwise on the contract
drawings.
A load/span joist can be used for either K, LH or
DLH-Series.
COMPOSITE FLOOR JOISTS

Canam manufactures composite steel joists for use on
concrete floors with shear studs welded through metal
deck. The Steel Joist Institute has written a separate
specification for composite steel joists, which will be
known as the CJ-Series. A full catalog for composite
steel joists is being published by the Steel Joist Institute
in 2007.
SPECIAL LOADS
PT.
LD.
ASD vs. LRFD
PT.
LD.
LIVE LOAD=
DEAD LOAD=
With the 42nd Edition Steel Joist Institute Specifications,

the specifying professional now has the option of utilizing
joists and joist girders with either the ASD (Allowable
Strength Design) or LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor
Design) methods.
The structural contract drawings should clearly indicate
the design method being used so that Canam can design
the joists and joist girders accordingly. Canams framing
plans and bills of material include a check box to indicate whether the project is ASD or LRFD. If the design
method is not clear from the structural drawings, then
Canam will request this information on the approval submittal.
The use of ASD or LRFD for the joist and joist girder
design should be consistent with the design method
being employed for the structures other structural steel
components.
When the LRFD method is being used, it is requested
that the specifying professional, and the contract drawings, provide factored loads. The reason for this is that
for certain loads, the proportion of dead and live load
may not be known, or may be a matter of judgment.
Also, this is a safer, more conservative approach in the
event of any confusion regarding the load factoring.
For LRFD joist girders, the letter F should be used
rather than K at the end of the designation as an indication that the kip loading has already been factored. For
example, an ASD designation would be 36G7N12K while
an LRFD designation would be 36G7N18F.
Note that where live loads are provided solely for purposes of a live load deflection check, these loads should
not be factored.
For any LRFD project, the structural contract drawings
need to provide a clear indication of what loads have or
have not been factored. For further discussion on this
topic, and suggestions for the presentation of complex
loading cases, please visit Canams website at
www.canam.ws/asdlrfd.
20
PT.
LD.
Canams design programs allow for the consideration of

numerous special loading conditions. Where special
loads, such as snow drifting or equipment loads, will
be placed on a joist, the loading information can best
be conveyed by using a load diagram such as the
sample shown here.
It is important for the load diagram to clearly indicate
which point loads are applied at the joist top chord, and
which are suspended from the bottom chord. And it is
important to clearly locate mechanical loads to avoid
delays in joist fabrication.
Unless specifically instructed otherwise, it is assumed
that field added strut angles will be utilized as described
on page 13.
Canam has two design capabilities which can be used to
help accommodate variable loading conditions. First, a
joist or girder can be designed with multiple loading
cases. Each element of the joist or girder is then sized to
handle the worst forces generated by any one of the
loading conditions. For example, a joist may have a case
one which has a uniform snow load and will create the
controlling bending moment. Case two might have a
snow drift together with a reduced uniform snow load,
which may be a more severe condition for shear.
A second capability is the ability to design for a traveling
load. For each element of the joist or girder, the forces
are determined for the most critical location of the load
along the joist length. Traveling loads can be specified
as being at any panel point along the top or bottom
chord, or at ANY point along the top or bottom chord.
By specifying a traveling load to be applied at ANY
point, miscellaneous loads within the specified limit
can be applied at any time during the life of the
structure without the need for reinforcement or field
added members.

END MOMENTS AND AXIAL LOADS
Tie joists (joists at column lines) or joist girders can be
successfully used as part of a moment frame in the
structure. The frame analysis shall be performed by
the specifier, and the resultant wind/seismic and continuity moments shall be shown on the contract drawings.
For purposes of the frame analysis, the moment of
inertia of a joist or joist girder can be approximated by
the formulas on pages 51, 55, 77, 80, 83, 85 and 39 respectively, in this catalog. Detail A shows the suggested
method of presenting the moment values, as well as the
directions in which they will be applied.
WL
LL
LL
WL
DETAIL A
Canam will presume that all continuity moments are

induced by the live load, and unless otherwise instructed
by the specifier, will presume that no dead load moment
is present. It is Canams standard practice to instruct the
joist erector to complete the connection of the bottom
chords to the columns only after all dead loads are
applied. Thus, the joist will act only as a simply
supported truss for the dead load case.
Where end moments have been specified, Canam will
first design the joist or joist girder as a simply supported
member with the full gravity loads applied. This ensures
adequate strength during construction before the end
moment connection is completed, and also provides
additional redundancy to the structure in the event that
the moment connection is not successfully completed in
the field.
Canam will then apply all the appropriate combinations
of the wind/seismic and continuity moments as
separate loading cases. Each chord and web member in
the joist or joist girder will be designed for the worst
condition of either the simple span or end moment
cases.
Joists and joist girder chords can be uitlized as drag
struts or collector elements where an axial force, in kips,
is shown on the contract drawings. The axial force
should be identified as being from the wind or seismic
loads, and particular attention should be given to the
load forces and factors for seismic loads.
DETAIL B
In addition to providing the end moment or axial load

values on the contract drawings, the specifier must give
due consideration to the connections in order to
properly develop the end moments. At the joist or girder
bottom chord, the connection can be made simply by
welding the bottom chord directly to the column stabilizer plate (see Detail B). The typical gap provided
between the bottom chord angles is one inch.
As shown in Detail C, at the top chord considerable
eccentricity will develop if the connection is made at the
base of the bearing seat on a typical underslung end. A
moment plate shall be used to allow direct transfer from
the top chord to the column or abutting joist, similar to
Details D and E. The specifier shall show the size of the
plate and the required welds on the contract drawings.
These moment plates are not included in Canams bid,
unless specified otherwise.
The details and discussion of this page are for typical
rigid moment connections. Special attention and
details are required if a partially restrained moment
connection is desired---please consult Canam.
M=Pxe
DETAIL C
MOMENT PL TYP.
(NOT BY CANAM)
DETAIL D
DETAIL E
21
BRING ON THE TOUGH STUFF!

Canam has fabrication and design expertise for long spans and unique roof profiles, as outlined
on the next three pages, and welcomes the chance to work on challenging projects.
North Naples Community Center,

Naples, FL
Medomack Valley MS,

Waldeboro, ME
Great Wolf Lodge,

Cincinnati, OH
JOISTS LONGER THAN SJI

Canam has the capability to build joists, trusses, and joist girders with spans and depths beyond the limits of the Load
Tables. The DLH-series Load Table extends to depths of 72 inches and spans of 144 feet. Canam can fabricate special
joists with depths of over 10 feet and lengths over 200 feet.
Special consideration is required for these very large joists, and attempting to select a standard joist from a load table
may be an over-simplification of the true loading conditions and design requirements. Canam recommends that any joist
that exceeds the range of the DLH-series Load Table be labeled as a special joist with a load diagram provided to allow
accurate design of the joist.
The load diagram should clearly indicate if the joist self weight is included in the design loads, or if the loads shown are
only the superimposed loads to which self weight must be added. Due consideration must also be given to camber,
deflection, bridging or bracing, and erection. Please consult Canam for assistance in specifying these joists.
Canam has extensive experience in providing joists beyond the range of the Load Tables, including these recent
projects:
Reference Projects: Special Shapes and Long Spans

North Naples Community Center, North Naples, FL
Joist length 107'-0", 13'-4" deep (one piece).
Bethlehem Temple, Cincinnati, OH
7-9 diameter plate assembly at center attaching16 bowstring column joists attached via end-plate connections
Mt. Hermon Missionary Baptist Church,
Tarpon Springs, FL
114 pieces, with 5.82 tons of 47.9 foot long spans
field-bolted splice and beam to joist connections
Chillicothe Readiness Center, Chillicothe, OH
Four triple-pitched scissor trusses intersecting with hip
trusses and infills, shear connections at center of building;
2-way grid distributed roof load evenly for more efficient
use of steel
Unified Communications Center, Washington, DC
32 barrel joists, roof design had to meet blast resistance
specifications
Fox Valley Park Recreation Center, Fox Valley, IL
Inverted double-pitched joists, field bolted splice, 143
span, composite joists for soundproofing suspended floor
with running track atop basketball courts
22
St. Katharine Drexel School, Frederick, MD

2- and 3-way sloped trusses on masonry, 113 feet long
(25.8 tons)
St. Theresas Church, Egg Harbor, NJ
Main roof plan is oval-shaped, with unusual joist profiles,
top chords straight and triple-sloped bottom chords. 46
separate designs required for unique profiles of all members.
CBRN, Fort Leonard Wood, MO
27 pitched top chord joists weighing 7 tons
Stegeman Coliseum, Athens, GA
62 barrel joists: some 72 inches deep, ranging from 30-feetlong to 104-feet long
Indianapolis Airport, Indianapolis, IN
400 sloping barrel joists with canted seats and deck bearing
plates, concourse roofs formed with 110' long sloping
barrel joist fabricated and shipped in one piece
Army Aviation Facility, Little Rock, AR
119 half-gable trusses, some 106 feet long, two half-gables
with a support at the center

Bethlehem Temple,
Cincinatti, OH
COMPRESSION RINGS
Canam has provided the joists and design assistance for a number of
unique projects utilizing a compression ring approach. A compression ring
can help to create a dome-type roof profile while providing a clear, column
free-space underneath. Please consult Canam early in the design process
for these types of projects.
Chillicothe Readiness Center,

Chillicothe, OH
Project AMI,
Northfolk, VA
23

SPECIAL SHAPES
As a minimum, the dimensions and information
shown in the sketches must be provided for joists with
special profiles.
Special shape joists do not need to have a standard SJI
designation. The load/span method, as described in
this section, can be utilized for special shape joists with
supplementary load diagrams, as shown in the special
loads section.
For joist lengths over 100 feet, a field bolted splice
will likely be required for shipment in halves or thirds.
Joist depths over 8 feet will require special shippping
arrangements.
When the total depth of the joist profile reaches 15-6,
it cannot be shipped as a unit and some form of
field assembly will be required. For any joist shipped
in halves, thirds, or pieces, it is critical that the
match-marked parts be joined. The parts are not
interchangeable.
Special consideration should be given to the camber
of special joists, particularly where they are adjacent to
other framing or deck supports. If Canam is provided
with the actual design dead load, special camber can
be provided.
GABLE JOIST
SCISSOR JOIST
First Baptist Church, Fernandina Beach, FL
CBRN Disaster Training Facility,

Fort Leonard Wood, MO
Army National Guard Aviation

Training Facility,
Little Rock, AR
24

SPECIAL SHAPES
R=
BOWSTRING JOIST
BARREL JOIST
R=
R=
Gable joists are commonly specified as bottom

chord bearing, as shown in the sketch. The specifier
should consider the use of the end walls as an
anchorage point for the joist bridging, which is critical
to provide lateral stability.
Gable joists need not be symmetric. For any double
pitched configuration, an offset ridge can be provided.
Note that barrel and scissor joists are modeled with
pin and roller supports and the truss will deflect
horizontally. The specifier must make provisions to allow
for this horizontal movement. Any special limitations on
the amount of allowed horizontal deflection must be
clearly shown on the contract drawings.
To obtain the most economical design, Canam will
vary the configuration of the joist web members within
the overall profile provided in the sketch on the contract
drawings. If a particular web geometry is required
to create specific openings for mechanical needs,
catwalks, or architectural reasons, these requirements
should be noted with the profile, and specific
dimensions locating the joist panel points should
be provided.
Unified Communications Center

Washington, DC
Stegeman Coliseum,
Athens, GA
25

OSHA HIGHLIGHTS
These pages summarize the key provisions of the revised OSHA steel erection standard, 29 CFR Part 1926.757. The
complete OSHA rule for steel joists is included as an appendix to the Steel Joist Institute Specifications in this publication.
The two most critical elements to the safe erection of steel joists are to limit or eliminate the need to walk un-bridged joists,
and to properly and completely install the bridging as soon as possible. Canam advocates erection methods whereby
the erector is not required to walk an un-bridged joist to release the hoisting cable. This can be accomplished by using
erection stability bridging, working from a man-lift or other ground support, setting the joists in pre-assembled panels, or
using a self-releasing mechanism on the crane.
JOISTS AT COLUMNS
Joists at column lines, which are not framed in at least
two directions by solid web structural steel members,
shall have a field-bolted connection at the joist bearing
seat. In addition, joists at column lines must also have
bottom chord extensions (BCXs). The BCX must extend
to a vertical stabilizer plate. The stabilizer plate is to be a
minimum size of 6 inches by 6 inches, with 3 inches
extended below the bottom chord with a 13/16 inch hole
to provide for a cable attachment.
Where a steel joist does not lie directly along the column
line, the joist nearest the column, on each side of the
column, shall have field-bolted bearing seats. However,
the bottom chord extensions may be omitted where it is
not practical to provide them near the column.
ERECTION STABILITY
BRIDGING
The forty foot rule no longer applies for the requirement of a bolted diagonal bridging line. The spans in the
shaded portions of the Load Tables require a row of
bolted diagonal bridging. Note that there are many
designations and spans of less than forty feet that are
shaded and require a row of bolted diagonal bridging.
But there are also many designations and spans greater
than forty feet which are not shaded and do not require a
bolted diagonal bridging row.
BOLTED BEARING SEATS

Joists in bays of 40 feet or more shall be fabricated and
installed with a field-bolted connection from the joist bearing
seat to the steel frame. The bay length is the length from
center to center of steel supports, or center of steel to face
of wall. An exception to this rule is made for those cases
where constructibility does not allow the bolted connection,
or where multiple joists are pre-assembled and set in panels.
Typically, the field-bolted bearing seat connection will
be made with ASTM-A307 bolts in slotted holes and is
considered a temporary connection. The final connection
should be made by welding or as specified by the project
structural engineer of record.
26
COLUMN JOIST STABILITY

The OSHA standard states that steel joists at or near
columns, that span 60 feet or less, shall be designed
with sufficient strength to carry the self-weight of the
joists and the weight of one erector. The intent is to allow
the hoisting cable to be released without the need for
erection stability bridging on a column joist being set in
advance of adjacent joists. However, Canam joists are
NOT designed to meet this stability requirement and
Canam advocates alternate erection methods that allow
the hoisting cable to be released without an erector
walking on the joist.
Achieving the stability criteria desired by OSHA is
dependent on a number of erection criteria that are
not in the steel erection standard. In addition, it is
impossible to meet the stability requirement for certain
spans and special conditions, such as slopes, pitches,
and bottom chord bearing.
Because of these issues, OSHA has adopted an
enforcement policy, which will remain in effect indefinitely, as follows: for all joists at or near columns that
span 60 feet or less, employers will be considered to
be in compliance with 1926.757(a)(3) if they erect
these joists either by: (1) installing bridging or otherwise
stabilizing the joist prior to releasing the hoisting cable,
or (2) releasing the cable without having a worker on
the joists.
In accordance with this enforcement policy, Canam
will expect the erector to achieve OSHA compliance
through either of the two options, and Canam will not
provide column joists specifically designed to provide
stability for one erector without the need for erection
bridging.
In an effort to advise and remind the erector of the above,
joists at or near columns that span 60 feet or less will be
designated with the symbol DT on Canams framing
plans, and will be supplied with a Danger Tag hung on
the joist.
Beyond 60 foot spans, OSHA does not have special
stability requirements for column joists. Column joists
that span more than 60 feet should be set in tandem
with all bridging installed, or by the erectors alternate
means of erection.

OSHA HIGHLIGHTS
BUNDLE SIZES
AND PLACEMENT
Bridging bundles shall be limited to 1000 pounds
maximum. The bridging bundle shall be placed across a
minimum of three joists, within one foot of a secured end
of the joists.
Where Canam supplies metal decking, the deck bundles
shall be limited to 4000 pounds maximum. The deck
bundles should not be placed before the joist ends
are attached and all bridging has been installed, except
where the OSHA rule allows the deck bundle to be placed
after only one row of bridging is installed and other special
conditions are met.
This is a sample Danger Tag which is hung on joists

marked DT on the drawings.
BOTTOM BEARING JOISTS

Bolted diagonal bridging is required over or near the
support for all bottom chord bearing joists. This includes
both square-end joists, and cantilever-square-end joists.
This is a general summary of the OSHA requirements, but is not intended to constitute legal
advice. Canam does not assume responsibility for
compliance with OSHA requirements.
This block of notes will appear on all of Canams

framing plans.
ERECTORS NOTES:
- IN BAYS 60-0 OR LESS, THE FOLLOWING APPLIES TO
ANY COLUMN JOISTS OR JOISTS NEAR A COLUMN:
THESE JOISTS HAVE NOT BEEN DESIGNED TO
SUPPORT AN EMPLOYEE WITHOUT BRIDGING
INSTALLED.
THESE JOISTS ARE NOT OSHA JOISTS
DESIGNED FOR STABILITY PER SUBPART R
1926.757 (a) (3).
SPECIAL ERECTION METHODS MUST BE
INCORPORATED
EMPLOYERS WILL BE CONSIDERED TO BE IN
COMPLIANCE WITH 1926.757 (a) (3) IF THEY
ERECT THESE JOISTS EITHER BY: (1)
INSTALLING BRIDGING OR OTHERWISE
STABILIZING THE JOIST PRIOR TO
RELEASING THE HOISTING CABLE, OR (2)
RELEASING THE CABLE WITHOUT HAVING
A WORKER ON THE JOISTS.
DO NOT ALLOW EMPLOYEES ON THESE
JOISTS UNTIL ADEQUATELY STABILIZED.
CONSULT THE OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS FOR
SPECIFICS.
- IN BAYS GREATER THAN 60-0, JOISTS AT OR NEAR
COLUMNS SHALL BE ERECTED IN TANDEM (PAIR) WITH
AN ADJACENT JOIST. ALL BRIDGING MUST BE
INSTALLED BEFORE LIFTING AND THE PAIR OF JOISTS
MUST BE SECURED TO THEIR SUPPORT BEFORE
RELEASING THE HOISTING LINE. THIS REQUIREMENT
MAY BE WAIVED UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS.
CONSULT THE OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS FOR
SPECIFICS.
27

FLOOR VIBRATION
Floor vibration has become a structural design issue due to
the increased use of longer spans, more open areas and
lighter floor systems. The building structural
designer must analyze floor vibration and its effect on the
building end users and specify the proper characteristics
to reduce vibration.
The behavior of two-way flooring systems has been
studied using models and in-situ testing. Several
simplified equations to predict floor behavior and
damping values for walking induced vibration have been
established according to the type of wall partitions and
floor finishes. These equations are now part of Steel
Design Guide #11, jointly published by the American and
Canadian Institutes of Steel Construction in 1997. This
guide covers different types of floor vibrations and is one
of the main references on the subject, along with SJI
Technical Digest No 5.
The formulas shown in Steel Design Guide #11 allow the
user to define the vibration characteristics of a floor
system: the initial acceleration produced by a heel drop
and the natural frequency of the system. These two
parameters allow the designer to verify if the floor system
will produce vertical oscillations in resonance with
rhythmic human activities or with enough amplitude to
disturb other occupants.
The amplitude of the vibrations will decay according to the
type of partitions, ceiling suspensions, and floor finish.
The decay rate will also influence the sensitivity of the
occupants.
Information about the use and architectural finishes of a
building is not readily available to the joist supplier. The joist
supplier usually receives only the floor drawings and
general joist specifications and designation. This is the
information that is used for joist design.
Furthermore, when a project structural engineer has
predetermined the design of a joist including spacing,
depth, span, bearing support, and dead loads, the joist
design alone cannot be easily modified to reduce floor
vibration induced by walking below the annoyance
threshold for the other occupants.
The following example of this situation is for office floors
where the annoyance threshold is defined as a floor
acceleration of 0.5% of the gravity acceleration and with
enough partitions to provide moderate damping. For
floors in a shopping mall, the threshold would be an
acceleration of 1.5% of the gravity acceleration. This
higher threshold means that the occupants are less
disturbed by vibrations produced by walking loads.
Typical office floor INITIAL DESIGN:
In the example, the floor area is 90 by 96, the joists have
a 30-0 (9 150 mm) span, a 20 (approx. 500 mm) depth,
and are spaced at 4-0 (1 220 mm) on center. The joists
are bearing on beams at both ends on 2 1/2 (65 mm)
deep seats. The assumption is that the beams will be
only partially composite for vibration calculations
28
because of the relative lack of stiffness of such a

bearing seat. The beam span is 24-0 (7 315 mm) with
joists bearing from both sides and acts as a single span.
The floor is made of a 4 (100 mm) concrete slab,
including the 1 1/2 (38 mm) steel deck profile. The loads
are as follows:
Structural steel
5 psf (0.24 kPa)
Steel joists
4 psf (0.19 kPa)
Deck-slab of 4
38 psf (1.82 kPa)
Ceiling, mechanical & floor finish 10 psf (0.48 kPa)
Partitions
20 psf (0.96 kPa)
DEAD LOAD TOTAL
77 psf (3.69 kPa)
LIVE LOAD
50 psf (2.40 kPa)
From the SJI ASD K-Series load table, select a joist with
a 30-0 span to support the following loads:
w = 4 x (72 + 50) = 488 plf
A joist with a 20K10 designation will support 533 plf for
a 30-0 span and a uniform load of 336 plf will produce
a deflection equal to the span of 360 which is fine since
the live load is 200 plf.
By reducing the simple span deflection formula under
uniform load for span/360, we obtain the following
approximation of the moment of inertia:
Ijoist = W360 x (span)3 / 38,000, where
Ijoist = moment of inertia in in.4
w360 = uniform load producing a deflection equal to span / 360 in. plf
Span = span of joist in feet
Ijoist = 336 x (30)3 / 38,000 = 238 in.4
The center of gravity of the joist steel cross section can
be assumed to be at mid depth.
Ajoist chords = Ijoist / (depth / 2)2 = 2.38 in.2
The beam can be chosen from the AISC selection tables
as W18 x 60 with Fy = 50 ksi and a moment of inertia
of 984 in.4.
ALTERNATE 1:
If a slab of 5 instead of 4 is used, the dead load
increases and the size of the joists and beams may also
increase.
Structural steel
5 psf (0.24 kPa)
Steel joists
4 psf (0.19 kPa)
Deck-slab of 5
50 psf (2.40 kPa)
Ceiling, mechanical & floor finish 10 psf (0.48 kPa)
Partitions
20 psf (0.96 kPa)
DEAD LOAD TOTAL
89 psf (4.27 kPa)
LIVE LOAD
50 psf (2.40 kPa)
From the SJI ASD K-Series load table, select a joist with
a 30-0 span to support the following loads:
w = 4 x (84 + 50) = 536 plf

FLOOR VIBRATION
The same 20K10 joist will work for a 30-0 span and the
properties will be the same.
Ijoist = 336 x (30)3 / 38,000 = 238 in.4
Ajoist chords = Ijoist / (depth / 2)2 = 2.38 in.2
This time, the beam chosen from the AISC selection tables
is W18 x 65 with Fy = 50 ksi and a moment of
inertia of 1,070 in.4.
ALTERNATE 2:
Starting from the base example, consider that the
structural engineer of the building clearly indicates that
the size of the joists should be doubled to reduce floor
vibration. Since there are no standard K-Series joists with
the same depth that are twice the size of a 20K10, we
will double up the joists by spacing the 20K10 joists
at 2 on center.
ALTERNATE 3:
Combining the changes of alternates 1 and 2, we
evaluate a 5 slab on 20K10 joists spaced at 2-0
on center.
Using the data of those 4 conditions, with the proposed
equations of Steel Design Guide #11 and considering
an open floor even if the structure is designed for a
possible partition load, we obtain the vibration properties
shown in the comparison table below:
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS

PARAMETERS
INITIAL
DESIGN
ALTERNATE 1
ALTERNATE 2
ALTERNATE 3
INCREASED
THICKNESS
OF SLAB
DOUBLE JOIST
OF SAME SIZE
DOUBLE JOIST
OF SAME SIZE
AND INCREASED
THICKNESS OF SLAB
Peak acceleration ao with open floor
(% g)
1.11%
0.87%
0.81%
0.65%
Peak acceleration ao with some partitions
(% g)
0.74%
0.58%
0.54%
0.44%
Peak acceleration ao with full height partitions
(% g)
0.44%
0.35%
0.32%
0.26%
(Hz)
4.7
4.6
5.1
5.2
Joist length
(ft.)
30-0
30-0
30-0
30-0
Joist depth
(in.)
20
20
20
20
System frequency f
Joist spacing
(ft.)
4-0
4-0
2-0
2-0
Joist moment of inertia (steel)
(in.4)
238
238
238
238
Deck depth
(in.)
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Slab-deck thickness
(in.)
Slab-deck-joist dead weight
(psf)
38
50
38
50
Additional participating load
(psf)
20
20
20
20
W18 x 60
W18 x 65
W18 x 60
W18 x 65
24-0
24-0
24-0
24-0
Beam size
Beam span
(ft.)
This comparison shows that the vibration characteristics improve by adding dead weight or by doubling the joists.
One must note that the alternates 1 and 2 did not sufficiently improve the vibration properties of the floor to lower
their amplitude to below the annoyance threshold for offices. Additional calculations shown as alternate 3 indicate that using
a 5 deck-slab with a 100% increase in the joist sections would lower the peak acceleration to below the annoyance
threshold of 0.5% of g.
The building designer controls the main parameters affecting floor vibration characteristics and he or she must make
the vibration calculations to find an economical solution. The information supplied in this catalog will allow the structural
engineer to evaluate the vibration properties of the floor joists during the initial design.
The project structural engineer should always specify the proper slab thickness and the minimum moment of inertia
of the steel joists to have a floor with vibration characteristics below the annoyance threshold based on the type
of occupancy. The joist designer will then verify conformance to the minimum moment of inertia required by the building
designer for the joists.
29

JOIST SUBSTITUTES
The Steel Joist Institute has introduced a joist substitute
series, the 2.5K series. SJI load tables and specifications
can be found on page 132 of this catalog. Joist substitutes
are intended to be used for relatively short spans. It is more
economical to use joist substitutes rather than joists for
spans of 10 feet and under. Canam has extended the load
tables to allow the specifier to make proper selection of
joist substitutes. Joist substitutes are solid members made
of angles, channels, or tube steel.
JOIST SUBSTITUTES
2.5K1
2.5K2
The figures shown in red in the Joist Substitute Tables

represent the maximum live load for an approximate
deflection of L/360. If L/240 deflection is acceptable,
these figures can be multiplied by 1.5.
S (in.3)
Mr (k-ft.)
I (in.4)
Span (ft.)
0.600
1.50
0.800
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Span (ft.)
550
550 / 338
374 / 189
270 / 116
204 / 76
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
825 / 550
825 / 338
561 / 189
405 / 116
306 / 76
0.834
2.09
1.103
2.5K3
1.200
3.00
1.502
ASD LOADS (plf)

550
550 / 465
519 / 260
375 / 160
284 / 105
222 / 73
550
550
550 / 354
540 / 218
408 / 143
319 / 99
256 / 71
LRFD LOADS (plf)

825 / 550
825 / 465
778 / 260
562 / 160
426 / 105
333 / 73
825 / 550
825 / 550
825 / 354
810 / 218
612 / 143
478 / 99
384 / 71
SPAN
DESIGN SPAN
2
2 1/2 U.N.O.
4 MIN ON MASONRY
2 1/2 MIN ON STEEL
Joist substitutes can be used in many conditions. They can be used in combination with LH-Series joists. In these cases, a
deeper joist substitute will be supplied or seats will be installed on a regular 2 1/2 deep section as shown below.
5
Joist substitutes can be used on sloping

roofs. Seat depths for sloped joist substitutes
should be selected per the table on page 16
of this catalog.
30

OUTRIGGERS AND EXTENSIONS
Joist substitutes are often used at building edges to
create overhangs. Careful attention must be paid to the
cantilever part in selecting the proper section. The deflection at the end will depend greatly of the loading condition
of the back span. Canam does not recommend an extension length that will be greater than the back span.
Back span
Cantilever
OUTRIGGERS AND EXTENSIONS

2.5K1
2.5K2
2.5K3
S (in.3)
Mr (k-ft.)
I (in.4)
Cantilever (ft.)
0.600
1.50
0.800
2
2-6
3
3-6
4
4-6
5
Cantilever (ft.)
550
480
333
245
188
2
2-6
3
3-6
4
4-6
5
825
720
499
367
282
0.834
2.09
1.103
1.200
3.00
1.502
ASD LOADS (plf)

550
550
463
341
261
206
550
550
550
490
375
296
240
LRFD LOADS (plf)

825
825
694
511
391
309
825
825
825
735
562
444
360
HEADERS
Headers are to be used when an opening larger than the joist spacing is required. It is important for the specifier to
provide the magnitude of the load acting on the header as well as the loads created by the header on its
supporting members.
Loads X, Y, Z
must be provided
by the specifier.
Z KIPS
A
X KIPS
Y KIPS
X KIPS
B
HEADER
SECTION A-A
JOIST
SECTION B-B
31

PITCHED JOISTS
Canam can provide longspan joists with a variety of
pitched chord configurations.
TOP CHORD SINGLE PITCHED UNDERSLUNG
TOP CHORD SINGLE PITCHED SQUARE ENDS
SLOPED JOISTS
For sloped joists, the load and span shall be defined as
outlined below. This allows the use of the load tables for
joists with slopes larger than 1/2 inch per foot.
Span:
The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined
by the length along the slope. Minimum depth, loadcarrying capacity, and bridging requirements shall be
determined by the sloped definition of span. The
Standard Load Table capacity shall be the component
normal to the joist.
Load:
Where the design live load is applied vertically over
the plan length and the design dead load is applied
vertically over the sloped length, select a joist with
Load-Table capacity = LL*cos2 + DL*cos
Canam will automatically design for the component of
the load parallel to the joist which acts as a top chord
axial load.
LL
LL * cos 2
TOP CHORD DOUBLE PITCHED UNDERSLUNG
TOP CHORD DOUBLE PITCHED SQUARE ENDS
SPA
DL
DL * cos
LOAD-TABLE
CAPACITY
STANDING SEAM ROOFS

Where a standing seam roof is attached directly to the
joist top chord, or any other instance where decking will
not provide lateral support on the top chord, Canam
will design a bridging system to provide the required top
chord lateral support, in accordance with the following
specifications of sections 5.8(g) or 104.9(g).
STANDING SEAM
ROOF SYSTEM
JOIST TOP CHORD
32
Indianapolis Airport,
Indianapolis, IN

DESIGN ECONOMY
The K-Series Economy Table, beginning on page 138,

and the new and improved Joist Girder Weight Tables,
beginning on page 97, can be used as an aid in
making selections for individual spans. Please be
aware that the economy table is based solely on the
theoretical weight of the joists, and does not reflect the
labor and other expenses that would be involved in
fabricating and shipping the joists.
GIRDER
JOISTS
1.5 x L
There are many factors that influence the most

economical joist and joist girder selections for a
given project. Please contact any of Canams sales
representatives for assistance in evaluating or
comparing design options on your project.
GIRDER
A number of other items for consideration

regarding design economy are offered on these
pages.
Deeper is Cheaper. For a given span and load, a
deeper joist or girder will be lighter and
cheaper. Take advantage of the available headroom and clearance.
Try to use wider joist spacings. While a five foot
joist spacing is very common for roofs, the
limitations of the deck and other requirements,
such as Factory Mutual, can often be met with a
spacing of five to six feet that results in one less
joist per bay.
A load-span design (see page 20) is more
economical than a standard catalog joist.
Likewise, a special design joist for a particular load
diagram is cheaper than double joists or KCSseries joists.
Use joist girders rather than wide flange beams.
For typical loadings and configurations, a joist
girder will be deeper, and hence lighter, than a wide
flange beam, while still allowing openings for
electrical, mechanical, and fire protection
penetrations.
Use joist substitutes for all joist spans under
ten feet long.
For rectangular bays, it is generally better to run the
joists in the long direction and the girders
in the short direction.
An optimal rectangular bay will typically have a
ratio of joist to joist girder span of about 1.5.
ECONOMY: ASD vs. LRFD

Is there an economic advantage to the specification of ASD versus LRFD joists or joist girders?
Once a given joist designation has been selected,
there is virtually no difference between an ASD or
an LRFD joist of the same designation. However,
the choice of design method (ASD or LRFD) may
allow the selection of a different designation, or in
the case of special joists and joist girders, may
result in a heavier or lighter joist, depending
primarily on the ratio of live to dead load.
ASD and LRFD will produce similar results and
joist selections when the ratio of nominal live to
dead load is 3 to 1. For extremely light dead
loads, and a ratio of live to dead load greater then
3 to 1, the use of ASD could create a lighter joist
and joist girder framing system for gravity loads
than LRFD. Conversely, if the live and dead loads
are approximately equal, and any case where the
live to dead load ratio is less then 3 to 1, LRFD
could create a lighter joist and girder framing
system under gravity loads. This is the case for
the majority of steel joist and joist girder applications, however, the effect of wind loads, both up
and down, in combination with the gravity loads,
may create a more severe effect with LRFD than
with ASD.
It is anticipated that the difference between an
ASD and an LRFD joist and joist girder system for
a given set of loads would very rarely be more
than five percent. Hence, the choice of design
method should typically be governed by the
specifiers preference or by other structural
elements rather than the joists and joist girders.
For further discussion of this topic, and case
study examples, please consult Canams website,
www.canam.ws/asdlrfd.
33

DESIGN ECONOMY
For a K-series joist, a 2-1/2 inch deep seat is most
economical, but other seat depths are
readily available. It may be more economical to mix
LH-series and K-series joists with five inch deep
seats than to specify all LH-series joists just to
establish a five inch bearing seat depth.
By default, joist top chord extensions are designed for
the same uniform load given in the Load Tables for the
designation and span. Where the load
capacity approaches the K-series maximum of
550 plf, the selected joist may conservatively have
excess capacity. However, designing a long top chord
extension for a load approaching 550 plf
may be difficult to accomplish, and it is recommended in these cases that the top chord extension load
tables be used, and a specific S or R type extension be specified.
Provide adequate bearing seat depth for long or
specially loaded top chord extensions. Inadequate
extension depth can affect the weight of the entire
joist.
COMPOSITE vs NON-COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
With the introduction of the CJ-Series composite joists, there is a question of economy between a
traditional non-composite joist for a concrete floor versus a composite joist with headed shear studs.
(The CJ-Series joists are not a part of this joist catalog, so please visit Canams website at
www.canamsteel.ws/cjseries for information on CJ-Series publications).
To facilitate the installation of the shear studs, composite joists are typically not painted. So if it is
important to have the joists prime painted, there is an advantage to non-composite construction.
Composite steel joists utilize the concrete slab to resist the top chord axial compression under full
gravity loading, and hence will typically have a smaller top chord than a non-composite joist. In
addition, the concrete slab increases the effective depth of the truss, so the bottom chord size may also
be smaller. The web members for a composite and non-composite joists will be essentially the same.
The question of economy is greatly influenced by the labor costs of the field applied-shear studs, which
can vary from region to region. This, along with the particular spans, depths, loads, and joist spacing,
will dictate the economy of composite vs. non-composite design for any particular project. Hence, the
decision to use composite or non-compoite joists must be made on a project-by-project basis. Canam
can provide a comparison of the costs for composite and non-composite joists for a particular project
if consulted during the joist specification stage.
A few general comments are offered here with regard to the advantages and disadvantages of each type
of joist and floor construction:
The weight savings for composite joists increases with the span and loading. So a floor with a heavy
design live load, wider joist spacings, and/or longer spans is more likely to generate weight savings
that substantially offset the cost of the studs and their installation. A composite steel joist can be
provided with capacities of several thousand pounds per foot for many spans.
The maximum span-to-depth ratio for non-composite joists is 24 to 1 (inches to inches 2 to 1 for
feet to inches). For composite joists, the maximum ratio increases to 30 to 1 (inches to inches 2.5
to 1 for feet to inches). So it may be possible to use a shallower composite joist and increase headroom or decrease story height, where those are important design considerations.
Be aware that while composite construction will impact the load-carrying capacity, it has very little
effect on the vibration characteristics of a floor.
34

DESIGN ECONOMY
Extra joist load carrying capacity is cheaper than
field reinforcement for additional loads later on. Any
field reinforcement is likely to cost more than the
cost of the entire original joist.
Traveling loads, or add loads as they are sometimes called, can provide reserve capacity more
economically than KCS-Series or arbitrarily oversized joists. Traveling loads can be specified at
any magnitude, and as being along the top or bottom chord, and either at any panel point or at ANY
point along the chord. A traveling load applied at
any point along the chord includes a check for
local bending and avoids the need for field added
strut angles for loads off the panel points.
Bolted bearing seats as required by OSHA for bays
of 40 feet and longer cost money. The expense of
the holes can be avoided with any bay length less
than forty feet, or by panelizing the joists for erection.
Un-painted joists cost less than painted joists.
Avoid joist load diagrams that depict joist web
members unless a specific joist geometry
is required. The joist design will be most
economical when the joist manufacturer is free to
configure the joist webs.
A bowstring joist, with only the top chord
roll-formed, is considerably cheaper than a
barrel joist with both chords roll-formed.
For over-sized joist spans and depths, keep the
following shipping restrictions in mind:
Lengths of over 50 feet require special permits in
some states.
Lengths of over 60 feet require escorts in some
states.
Lengths in excess of 100 feet require a field
bolted splice to allow shipment in two halves.
Overall depths of up to 8-6 can ship as a
standard load.
Beyond 8-6, special permits and/or escorts may
be required in some states.
An overall depth of more than 15-6 becomes
impossible to ship, and a piggyback joist
configuration must be used.
DOUBLE-PITCHED
CAP
TRIPLE-PITCHED
JOIST
West Town School

West Town, PA
Canam manufactures joists by depth. Changing

chord sizes and maintaining one depth is
cheaper than using many depths. For example,
in a skewed bay, each joist is a different length
and could be a different depth. Consider
maintaining the typical depth halfway into the
skewed corner, then change the joist depth one time
for the shorter spans, and use joist subs in the corner.
A joist outside the red-shaded portion of the
load tables, which will use only horizontal bridging,
will be less expensive than a joist in the
red-shaded area that requires a row of bolted
diagonal bridging.
Provide moment plates or strap angles for axial
load and end moment transfer at the joist or joist
girder bearing seats.
Limit the thickness of welded connections to steel
joists by increasing the length of weld where
necessary. Thicker welds may require the thickness of certain joist elements to be increased just
to match the weld thickness.
It is acceptable to simply state bridging per SJI
rather than show the actual rows on the contract
structural drawings. Canam will then determine
and place the required rows. When the bridging
rows are shown on the contract drawings, avoid
dimensioning the locations of the rows in order to
allow the flexibility to place the bridging rows as
required to avoid conflicts and optimize the design.
There are occasions where the top and bottom
chord horizontal bridging rows may be offset as
required per the design.
PIGGY-BACK TRUSS
35
STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE

HISTORY
Formed five years after the first open web steel joist was
manufactured, the Institute has worked since 1928 to maintain sound engineering practice throughout our industry. As
a non-profit organization of active manufacturers, the
Institute cooperates with governmental and business agencies to establish steel joist standards. Continuing research
and updating are included in its work.
The first joist in 1923 was a Warren truss type, with top and
bottom chords of round bars and a web formed from a single
continuous bent bar. Various other types were developed, but
problems also followed because each manufacturer had their
own design and fabrication standards. Architects, engineers
and builders found it difficult to compare rated capacities and
to use fully the economies of steel joist construction.
Members of the industry began to organize the Institute, and
in 1928 the first standard specifications were adopted, followed in 1929 by the first load table. The joists covered by
these early standards were later identified as open web steel
joists, SJ-Series.
Other landmark adoptions by the Institute include the following:
1953
Introduction of Longspan Steel Joists, L-Series. Specifications
and a standard load table, covering spans through 96 feet and
depths through 48 inches, were jointly approved with the
American Institute of Steel Construction.
1959
Introduction of the S-Series Joists, which replaced the SJSeries Joists. The allowable tensile stress was increased
from 18,000 to 20,000 psi, joist depths were expanded
through 24 inches, and spans increased through 48 feet.
1961
(a) Introduction of the J-Series Joists, which replaced the SSeries Joists. The allowable tensile stress was increased
from 20,000 psi to 22,000 psi, based on the use of steel
with a minimum yield strength of 36,000 psi.
(b) Introduction of the LA-Series Joists, which replaced the
L-Series Joists. The LA-Series Joists were designed to
a maximum tensile stress of either 20,000 psi or 22,000
psi, depending on the yield strength of the steel.
(c) Introduction of the H-Series Joists, whose design was
based on steel with a minimum yield strength of 50,000
psi, and an allowable tensile stress of 30,000 psi.
1962
Introduction of the LH-Series Joists, utilizing steel whose minimum yield strength was between 36,000 psi and 50,000 psi
and an allowable tensile strength of 22,000 psi to 30,000 psi.
36
1965
Development of a single specification for both the J- and HSeries Joists by the Steel Joist Institute and the American
Institute of Steel Construction.
1966
Development and introduction by the SJI and AISC of the
LJ-Series Joists, which replaced the LA-Series Joists. Also,
the development of a single specification for both the LJand the LH-Series Joists, with the use of 36,000 psi minimum yield strength steel for the LJ-Series, and 36,000 psi to
50,000 psi minimum yield strength steel for the LH-Series.
1970
Introduction of the DLJ- and DLH-Series Joists to include
depths through 72 inches and spans through 144 feet.
1971
Elimination of chord section number 2 and the addition of
joist designations 8J3 and 8H3 to the load tables.
1972
(a) Adoption by the SJI and AISC of a single specification for
the LJ-, LH-, DLJ-, and DLH-Series Joists.
(b) Adoption by the SJI and AISC of the expanded specifications and load tables for Open Web Steel Joists with
increased depths through 30 inches, and spans through
60 feet, plus adding chord section numbers 9,10, and 11.
1978
(a) Elimination of the J-, LJ-, and DLJ-Series Joists because
of the widespread acceptance of high strength steel
joists.
(b) Introduction of Joist Girders, complete with specifications and weight tables, in response to the growing need
for longer span primary structural members with highly
efficient use of steel.
1986
Introduction of the K-Series Joists, which replaced the HSeries Joists. The reasons for developing the K-Series Joists
were: (1) to achieve greater economies by utilizing the Load
Span design concept; (2) to meet the demand for roofs with
lighter loads at depths from 18 inches to 30 inches; (3) to offer
joists whose load carrying capacities at frequently used spans
are those most commonly required; (4) to eliminate the very
heavy joists in medium depths for which there was little, if any,
demand.
1994
(a) Introduction of the KCS Joists as a part of the K-Series
Specification in response to the need for a joist with a
constant moment and constant shear. The KCS Joist is
an economical alternative joist that may be specified for
special loading situations.

(b) Addition of metric nomenclature for all Joist and Joist
Girder Series in compliance with government and industry standards.
(c) Addition of revised stability criteria.
2002
(a) Introduction of Joist Substitutes, K-Series.
(b) K-Series, LH- and DLH- Series and Joist Girder
Specifications approved as American National Standards
(ANSI).
(c) Revisions to K-Series Section 6, LH- and DLH-Series
Section 105, and Recommended Code of Standard
Practice for conformance to OSHA Steel Erection
Standard 1926.757.
(d) Addition of Standing Seam Roof requirements to the KSeries Specification Section 5.8(g) and the LH- and
DLH-Series Specification Section 104.9(g).
(e) Addition of Definition for Parallel Chord Sloped Joists
K-Series Section 5.13 and LH-Series Section 104.14.
2005
(a) Major revision of K-Series, LH- and DLH-Series and
Joist Girder Specifications to allow the design of joists
and Joist Girders to be either in accordance with Load
and Resistance Factor design (LRFD) or Allowable
Strength Design (ASD).
(b) Major revision of K-Series and LH- and DLH-Series Load
Tables to be in both LRFD and ASD.
(c) Expansion of Joist Girder Weight Tables to spans through
120 feet.
(d) Code of Standard Practice was renamed.
POLICY
The manufacturers of any standard SJI products shall be
required to submit design data for verification of compliance
with Steel Joist Institute Specifications, undergo physical
design verification tests (on K-Series only), and undergo an
initial plant inspection and subsequent biennial in-plant
inspections for all products for which they wish to be certified.
MEMBERSHIP
Open to manufacturers who produce, on a continuing basis,
joists of the K-, LH-, and DLH-Series, and/or Joist Girders,
conforming to the Institutes Specifications and Load Tables.
Membership requirements differ as described below.
APPLICANTS BASED ON K-SERIES JOISTS
The Institutes Consulting Engineer checks to see that
designs conform to the Institutes Specifications and Load
Tables. This comprises an examination of: (1) Complete
engineering design details and calculations of all K-Series
Joists, bridging and accessories for which standards have
been adopted; (2) Data obtained from physical tests of a limited number of joists, conducted by an independent laboratory, to verify conclusions from analysis of the applicants
engineering design details and calculations.
An initial plant inspection and subsequent biennial inspections are required to ensure that the applicant/member possesses the facilities, equipment and personnel required to
properly fabricate the K-Series Joists.
APPLICANTS BASED ON LH- OR DLH-SERIES JOISTS
OR JOIST GIRDERS
Designs are checked by the Consulting Engineer. Biennial
in-plant inspections (but no physical tests) are required.
RESPONSIBILITY FOR PRODUCT QUALITY
The plant inspections are not a guarantee of the quality of
any specific joists or Joist Girders; this responsibility lies fully
and solely with the individual manufacturer.
SERVICES TO NONMEMBERS
The Institutes facilities for checking the design of K-, LH-,
and DLH-Series Joists or Joist Girders are available on a
cost basis.
The Steel Joist Institute does not check joist designs for specific
construction projects. Fabrication to Institute Specifications is
the responsibility of the individual manufacturer.
SJI Member companies complying with the above conditions shall be licensed to publish the appropriate copyrighted SJI Specifications, Load Tables and Weight Tables.
37

STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS
Visit the SJI Web Site at <www.steeljoist.org> for a complete
listing of SJI publications and a copy of the standard order
form. Also, be sure to check the website for upcoming
Education Seminars in your area.
A. Catalog of Standard Specifications, Load Tables and
Weight Tables for Steel Joists and Joist Girders
B. The following TECHNICAL DIGESTS are also available
from the Institute:
No. 3 Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist
Ponding Loads (2006)
No. 5 Vibration of Steel Joist - Concrete Slab Floors
(1988)
No. 6 Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist
Uplift Loads (2006)
No. 8 Welding of Open Web Steel Joists (1983)
No. 9 Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist
Girders (2006)
No. 10 Design of Fire Resistive Assemblies with Steel
Joists (2003)
No. 11 Design of Joist Girder Frames (1999)
C. 75-Year Steel Joist Manual (1928-2003)
D. Computer Vibration Program
E. SJI Video No. 1 Introduction to Steel Joists
F. SJI Video No. 2 The Safe Erection of Steel Joists and
Joist Girders (2001)
Open Web Steel Joists represent unitized construction.

Upon arrival at the job site, the joists are ready immediately
for proper installation. No forming, pouring, curing, or stripping is required. Furthermore, their light weight makes the
erection procedure simple and fast.
K-Series Joists are standardized regarding depths, spans,
and load-carrying capacities. There are 64 separate designations in the Load Tables, representing joist depths from 8
inches (203 mm) through 30 inches (762 mm) in 2 inch (51
mm) increments and spans through 60 feet (18,288 mm).
Standard K-Series Joists have a 2 1/2 inch (64 mm) end
bearing depth so that, regardless of the overall joist depths,
the tops of the joists lie in the same plane.
The open webs in the joists permit the ready passage and
concealment of pipes, ducts and electric conduits within the
depth of the floor. In high rise buildings this can result in a
reduced overall building height, which translates into considerable cost savings. As soon as the joists are erected and
bridged, with ends properly attached, a working platform is
available for the immediate follow-up of allied trades; this
allows field work to progress rapidly and efficiently.
In combination with other materials, joists can provide fire
resistive assemblies for both floors and roofs of buildings for
nearly any hourly rating required. Appendix D, Fire Resistance
Ratings, provides detailed information on this subject.
There are no restrictions on the types, sizes or heights of
buildings in which joists can be used. They can be found in
the roof of the neighborhood convenience store as well as in
your local Lowes, Home Depot, discount club, K-Mart,
Target or Walmart.
INTRODUCTION TO LH- and DLH-SERIES

INTRODUCTION TO K-SERIES
Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series, were primarily developed
to provide structural support for floors and roofs of buildings.
They possess the following advantages and features which
have resulted in their wide use and acceptance throughout
the United States and other countries.
Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists are relatively light

weight shop-manufactured steel trusses. Longspan Steel
Joists are used in the direct support of floor or roof slabs or
decks between walls, beams, and main structural members.
Deep Longspan Steel Joists are used for the direct support
of roof slabs or decks between walls, beams, and main
structural members.
First and foremost, they are economical. For many types of

buildings, no other products or methods for supporting
floors and roofs can compete with steel joists. The advantages listed in the following paragraphs all contribute to the
overall economy of using Open Web Steel Joists.
The LH- and DLH-Series have been designed for the purpose
of extending the use of joists to spans and loads in excess of
those covered by Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series.
K-Series are light in weight they possess an exceptionally

high strength-to-weight ratio in comparison with other building
materials. Coupled with their low price per pound, they contribute significantly to lower building costs. An additional economy stemming from their light weight is the fact that the structural materials supporting the joists, such as beams and Joist
Girders, columns, and the foundations themselves, can therefore be lighter, thus leading to even greater economies.
Deep Longspan Series Joists have been standardized in

depths from 52 inches (1321 mm) through 72 inches (1829
mm), for clear spans up through 144 feet (43,891 mm).
38
Longspan Series Joists have been standardized in depths

from 18 inches (457 mm) through 48 inches (1219 mm), for
clear spans through 96 feet (29,260 mm).

STANDARD TYPES
Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists can be furnished
with either under-slung or square ends, with parallel chords
or with single or double pitched top chords to provide sufficient slope for roof drainage. Square end joists are primarily intended for bottom chord bearing.
Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined by the
length along the slope. The joist designation is determined
by its nominal depth at the center of the span and by the
chord size designation.
The depth of the bearing seat at the ends of underslung LHand DLH-Series Longspan Joists has been established at 5
inches (127 mm) for chord section number 2 through 17. A
bearing seat depth of 7 1/2 inches (191 mm) has been established for the DLH Series chord section number 18 and 19.
All Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists are fabricated
with standardized camber as given in Table 103.6-1.
These members have been standardized in the LRFD and

ASD Weight Tables for depths from 20 inches (508 mm) to
120 inches (3048 mm), and spans to 120 feet (36,576 mm).
Standardized camber is as shown in Table 1003.6-1 of the
Specifications. Joist Girders are furnished with underslung
ends and bottom chord extensions. The standard depth at the
bearing ends has been established at 7 1/2 inches (191 mm)
for all Joist Girders. Joist Girders are usually attached to the
columns by bolting with two 3/4 inch diameter (19 mm) A325
bolts. A loose connection of the bottom chord to the column
or other support is recommended during erection in order to
stabilize the bottom chord laterally and to help brace the
Joist Girder against possible overturning. A vertical stabilizer
plate shall be provided on each column for the bottom chord
of the Joist Girder. The stabilizer plate shall be furnished by
other than the joist manufacturer.
CAUTION: If a rigid connection of the bottom chord is
to be made to the column or other support, it shall be
made only after the application of the dead loads. The
Joist Girder is then no longer simply supported and the
system must be investigated for continuous frame action
by the specifying professional*. Bearing details of joists
on perimeter Joist Girders, or interior Joist Girders with
unbalanced loads, should be designed such that the joist
reactions pass through the centroid of the Joist Girder.
The Weight Tables list the approximate weight in pounds per
linear foot (kilograms per meter) for a Joist Girder supporting
the concentrated panel point loads shown. Please note that
the weight of the Joist Girder must be included in the panel
point load (See Specifications Section 1006 for examples).
For calculating the approximate deflection or checking for
ponding, the following formulas in U. S. Customary Units
and Metric Units may be used in determining the approximate moment of inertia of a Joist Girder.
IJG = 0.027 NPLd: where N = number of joist spaces;
P = Total panel point load in kips (unfactored); L = Joist
Girder length in feet; and d = effective depth of the Joist
Girder in inches, or,
The illustrations above show Longspan and Deep Longspan

Steel Joists with modified WARREN type web systems.
However, the web systems may be any type, whichever is
standard with the manufacturer furnishing the product.
INTRODUCTION TO JOIST GIRDERS
IJG = 0.3296 NPLd: where N = number of joist spaces; P

= Total panel point load in kiloNewtons (unfactored);
L = Joist Girder length in millimeters and d = effective
depth of the Joist Girder in millimeters.
The Joist Girder manufacturer should be contacted when a
more exact Joist Girder moment of inertia must be known.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute
Technical Digest Number 11, Design of Joist-Girder
Frames.
Joist Girders are open web steel trusses used as primary

framing members. They are designed as simple spans supporting equally spaced concentrated loads for a floor or roof
system. These concentrated loads are considered to act at
the panel points of the Joist Girders. Joist Girders have
been designed to allow for a growing need for longer span
primary members, coupled with a need for more efficient
steel usage.
39
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SJI-K1.1
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
FOR OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute November 4, 1985
Revised to November 10, 2003 - Effective March 01, 2005
SECTION 1.
SECTION 3.
SCOPE
MATERIALS
This specification covers the design, manufacture and use of

Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series. Load and Resistance
Factor Design (LRFD) and Allowable Strength Design (ASD)
are included in this specification.
3.1 STEEL
The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web sections
shall conform to one of the following ASTM Specifications:
Carbon Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M.
SECTION 2.
DEFINITION
The term Open Web Steel Joists K-Series, as used herein,
refers to open web, parallel chord, load-carrying members
suitable for the direct support of floors and roof decks in buildings, utilizing hot-rolled or cold-formed steel, including coldformed steel whose yield strength* has been attained by cold
working. K-Series Joists shall be designed in accordance with
this specification to support the uniformly distributed loads
given in the Standard Load Tables for Open Web Steel Joists,
K-Series, attached hereto.
The KCS Joist is a K-Series Joist which is provided to
address the problem faced by specifying professionals when
trying to select joists to support uniform plus concentrated
loads or other non-uniform loads.
The design of chord sections for K-Series Joists shall be
based on a yield strength of 50 ksi (345 MPa). The design of
web sections for K-Series Joists shall be based on a yield
strength of either 36 ksi (250 MPa) or 50 ksi (345 MPa). Steel
used for K-Series Joists chord or web sections shall have a
minimum yield strength determined in accordance with one
of the procedures specified in Section 3.2, which is equal to
the yield strength assumed in the design.
* The term Yield Strength as used herein shall designate the yield level of a material as determined by the
applicable method outlined in paragraph 13.1 Yield
Point, and in paragraph 13.2 Yield Strength, of
ASTM A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions
for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, or as specified in paragraph 3.2 of this specification.
Standard Specifications and Load Tables, Open Web

Steel Joists, K-Series,
Steel Joist Institute - Copyright, 2005
40
High-Strength,
A242/A242M.
Low-Alloy
Structural
Steel,
ASTM
High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural

Quality, ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50.
High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural
Steel, ASTM A572/A572M, Grade 42 and 50.
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi (345
MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 inches (100 mm) Thick,
ASTM A588/A588M.
Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, HotRolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Corrosion
Resistance, ASTM A606.
Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, HighStrength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with
Improved Formability, ASTM A1008/A1008M
Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural,
High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy
with Improved Formability, ASTM A1011/A1011M
or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to other than
the listed specifications, provided that such material in the state
used for final assembly and manufacture is weldable and is
proved by tests performed by the producer or manufacturer to
have the properties specified in Section 3.2.
3.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

The yield strength used as a basis for the design stresses
prescribed in Section 4 shall be either 36 ksi (250 MPa) or 50
ksi (345 MPa). Evidence that the steel furnished meets or
exceeds the design yield strength shall, if requested, be provided in the form of an affidavit or by witnessed or certified
test reports.
For material used without consideration of increase in yield
strength resulting from cold forming, the specimens shall be
taken from as-rolled material. In the case of material, the
mechanical properties of which conform to the requirements of
one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall conform to those of such specifications and to
ASTM A370.
OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES

In the case of material, the mechanical properties of which
do not conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall conform
to the applicable requirements of ASTM A370, and the specimens shall exhibit a yield strength equal to or exceeding the
design yield strength and an elongation of not less than (a)
20 percent in 2 inches (51 millimeters) for sheet and strip, or
(b) 18 percent in 8 inches (203 millimeters) for plates, shapes
and bars with adjustments for thickness for plates, shapes
and bars as prescribed in ASTM A36/A36M, A242/A242M,
A529/A529M, A572/A572M, A588/A588M, whichever specification is applicable on the basis of design yield strength.
The number of tests shall be as prescribed in ASTM A6/A6M
for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM A606,
A1008/A1008M and A1011/A1011M for sheet and strip.
If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall show
the results of tests performed on full section specimens in
accordance with the provisions of the AISI North American
Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members. They shall also indicate compliance
with these provisions and with the following additional
requirements:
a) The yield strength calculated from the test data shall
equal or exceed the design yield strength.
b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and control purposes, the tensile strength shall be at least 6 percent greater than the yield strength of the section.
c) Where compression tests are used for acceptance and
control purposes, the specimen shall withstand a gross
shortening of 2 percent of its original length without
cracking. The length of the specimen shall be not greater
than 20 times the least radius of gyration.
d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements of the
subparagraphs (a), (b), or (c) above, as applicable, two
retests shall be made of specimens from the same lot.
Failure of one of the retest specimens to meet such
requirements shall be the cause for rejection of the lot
represented by the specimens.
3.3 PAINT
The standard shop paint is intended to protect the steel for
only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions and shall be considered an impermanent and provisional coating.
When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to
one of the following:
a) Steel Structures Painting Council Specification, SSPC
No. 15.
b) Or, shall be a shop paint which meets the minimum performance requirements of the above listed specification.
SECTION 4.
DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURE
4.1 METHOD
Joists shall be designed in accordance with these specifications
as simply supported, uniformly loaded trusses supporting a
floor or roof deck so constructed as to brace the top chord of
the joists against lateral buckling. Where any applicable design
feature is not specifically covered herein, the design shall be in
accordance with the following specifications:
a) Where the steel used consists of hot-rolled shapes, bars or
plates, use the American Institute of Steel Construction,
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.
b) For members that are cold-formed from sheet or strip steel,
use the American Iron and Steel Institute, North American
Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members.
Design Basis:
Designs shall be made according to the provisions in this
Specification for either Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) or for Allowable Strength Design (ASD).
Load Combinations:
LRFD:
When load combinations are not specified to the joist manufacturer, the required stress shall be computed for the factored
loads based on the factors and load combinations as follows:
1.4D
1.2D + 1.6 ( L, or Lr, or S, or R )
ASD:
When load combinations are not specified to the joist manufacturer, the required stress shall be computed based on the
load combinations as follows:
D
D + ( L, or Lr, or S, or R )
Where:
D = dead load due to the weight of the structural elements
and the permanent features of the structure
L = live load due to occupancy and movable equipment
Lr = roof live load
S = snow load
R = load due to initial rainwater or ice exclusive of the
ponding contribution
When special loads are specified and the specifying professional does not provide the load combinations, the provisions of
ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures shall be used for LRFD and ASD load combinations.
41

4.2 DESIGN AND ALLOWABLE STRESSES
Design Using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
Joists shall have their components so proportioned that the
required stresses, fu, shall not exceed Fn where,
fu
required stress
ksi (MPa)
Fn
nominal stress
ksi (MPa)
resistance factor
Fn
design stress
Design Using Allowable Strength Design (ASD)

required stresses, f, shall not exceed Fn / where,
f
required stress
ksi (MPa)
Fn
nominal stress
ksi (MPa)
safety factor
Fn/ =
For cold-formed sections the method of calculating the nominal column strength is given in the AISI, North American
Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural
Members.
(c) Bending: b = 0.90 (LRFD) b = 1.67 (ASD)
For chords and web members other than solid rounds:

Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa)
allowable stress
(a) Tension: t = 0.90 (LRFD) = 1.67 (ASD)

For Webs: Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa), or Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa)
Design Stress = 0.9Fy (LRFD)
(4.2-1)
Allowable Stress = 0.6Fy (ASD)
(4.2-2)
(b) Compression: c = 0.90 (LRFD) c = 1.67 (ASD)
4.71

Fcr = Q 0.658
> 4.71
E
QFy
QFy
Fy
(4.2-8)
(4.2-9)
(4.2-10)
(4.2-11)
For bearing plates:

Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa), or Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa)
(4.2-12)
(4.2-13)
4.3 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIOS
Fe

For web members of solid round cross section:
For Chords: Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa)
For members with l

r
Use 1.2 l/rx for a crimped, first primary compression web

member when a moment-resistant weld group is not used
for this member; where rx = member radius of gyration in
the plane of the joist.
Bending calculations are to be based on using the elastic

section modulus.
Stresses:
For members with l

r
and the appropriate length for web members, and r is the

corresponding least radius of gyration of the member or
any component thereof. E is equal to 29,000 ksi (200,000
MPa).
(4.2-3)
The slenderness ratio, l/r, where l is as used in Section 4.2

(b) and r is the corresponding least radius of gyration, shall
not exceed the following:
Top chord interior panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Top chord end panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
QFy
Compression members other than top chord . . . . . . . . 200

Fcr = 0.877Fe
(4.2-4)
4.4 MEMBERS
Where Fe = Elastic buckling stress determined in

accordance with Equation 4.2-5.
Fe =
E2
2
(a) Chords
(4.2-5)
For hot-rolled sections, Q is the full reduction factor for

slender compression elements.
Design Stress = 0.9Fcr (LRFD)
(4.2-6)
Allowable Stress = 0.6Fcr (ASD)
(4.2-7)
In the above equations, l is taken as the distance in inches

(millimeters) between panel points for the chord members
42
Tension members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
The bottom chord shall be designed as an axially loaded

tension member.
The radius of gyration of the top chord about its vertical
axis shall not be less than l/145 where l is the spacing in
inches (millimeters) between lines of bridging as specified in
Section 5.4(c).
The top chord shall be considered as stayed laterally by the
floor slab or roof deck when attachments are in accordance
with the requirements of Section 5.8(e) of these specifications.

The top chord shall be designed for only axial compressive stress when the panel length, l, does not exceed
24 inches (609 mm). When the panel length exceeds
24 inches (609 mm), the top chord shall be designed as
a continuous member subject to combined axial and
bending stresses and shall be so proportioned that:
For ASD:
at the panel point:
fa + fb 0.6Fy
at the mid panel:
for
For LRFD:
at the panel point:
fau + fbu
at the mid panel:
for
8
fau
+
cFcr 9

1
for
fau
cFcr
0.2,
for
Cmfbu
fau
cFe
1.0
(4.4-2)
Q bFy
Cmfbu

1
fa 8
+
Fa 9
(4.4-1)
fau
cFe
0.2,
Cmfb
1.67fa
1
Fe
QFb
1.0 (4.4-5)
fa < 0.2,
Fa
Cmfb
1.67fa
1
Fe
1.0 (4.4-6)
QFb
fa = P/A = Required compressive stress, ksi (MPa)
1.0

fa
+
2Fa
fau < 0.2,

cFcr
fau
+
2 c Fcr
0.9Fy
fa
Fa
(4.4-4)
(4.4-3)
Q bFy
fau = Pu /A = Required compressive stress, ksi (MPa)
P = Required axial strength using ASD load combinations,

kips (N)
fb = M/S = Required bending stress at the location under
consideration, ksi (MPa)
M = Required flexural strength using ASD load
combinations, kip-in. (N-mm)
Pu = Required axial strength using LRFD load

combinations, kips (N)
S = Elastic Section Modulus, in.3 (mm3)
fbu = Mu/S = Required bending stress at the location

under consideration, ksi (MPa)
Fa = Allowable axial compressive stress based on l/r as

defined in Section 4.2(b), ksi (MPa)
Mu = Required flexural strength using LRFD load

Cm = 1 - 0.50 fa/Fe for end panels
Cm = 1 - 0.67 fa/Fe for interior panels
Fcr = Nominal axial compressive stress in ksi (MPa)

based on l/ r as defined in Section 4.2(b),
Cm = 1 - 0.3 fau/Fe for end panels
Cm = 1 - 0.4 fau/Fe for interior panels
Fy = Specified minimum yield strength, ksi (MPa)
Fe =
E2
l
, ksi (MPa)
rx
Where l is the panel length, in inches (millimeters), as

defined in Section 4.2(b) and rx is the radius of gyration
about the axis of bending.
Q = Form factor defined in Section 4.2(b)
A = Area of the top chord,
in.2
(mm2)
Fb = Allowable bending stress; 0.6Fy, ksi (MPa)
(b) Web
The vertical shears to be used in the design of the web
members shall be determined from full uniform loading, but
such vertical shears shall be not less than 25 percent of the
end reaction. Due consideration shall be given to the effect
of eccentricity. The effect of combined axial compression
and bending may be investigated using the provisions of
Section 4.4(a), letting Cm = 0.4 when bending due to
eccentricity produces reversed curvature.
Interior vertical web members used in modified Warren
type web systems shall be designed to resist the gravity
loads supported by the member plus an additional axial
load of 1/2 of 1.0 percent of the top chord axial force.
(c) Extended Ends
The magnitude and location of the loads to be supported,
deflection requirements, and proper bracing of extended
43

top chords or full depth cantilever ends shall be clearly indicated on the structural drawings.
4.5 CONNECTIONS
(a) Methods
Joist connections and splices shall be made by attaching
the members to one another by arc or resistance welding
or other accredited methods.
(1) Welded Connections
a) Selected welds shall be inspected visually by the
manufacturer. Prior to this inspection, weld slag shall
be removed.
b) Cracks are not acceptable and shall be repaired.
c) Thorough fusion shall exist between weld and base
metal for the required design length of the weld; such
fusion shall be verified by visual inspection.
d) Unfilled weld craters shall not be included in the
design length of the weld.
Members connected at a joint shall have their centroidal

axes meet at a point if practical. Otherwise, due consideration shall be given to the effect of eccentricity. In no case
shall eccentricity of any web member at a joint exceed 3/4
of the over-all dimension, measured in the plane of the web,
of the largest member connected. The eccentricity of any
web member shall be the perpendicular distance from the
centroidal axis of that web member to the point on the centroidal axis of the chord which is vertically above or below
the intersection of the centroidal axes of the web members
forming the joint. Ends of joists shall be proportioned to
resist bending produced by eccentricity at the support.
4.6 CAMBER
Joists shall have approximate camber in accordance with the
following:
TABLE 4.6-1
Top Chord Length
Approximate Camber
e) Undercut shall not exceed 1/16 inch (2 millimeters)

for welds oriented parallel to the principal stress.
20'-0"
(6096 mm)
1/4"
(6 mm)
30'-0"
(9144 mm)
3/8"
(10 mm)
f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity diameters shall

not exceed 1/16 inch (2 millimeters) in any 1 inch (25
millimeters) of design weld length.
40'-0"
(12192 mm)
5/8"
(16 mm)
50'-0"
(15240 mm)
1"
(25 mm)
60'-0"
(18288 mm)
1 1/2"
(38 mm)
g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with paint coverage is acceptable.
(2) Welding Program
Manufacturers shall have a program for establishing
weld procedures and operator qualification, and for
weld sampling and testing. (See Technical Digest #8 Welding of Open Web Steel Joists.)
(3) Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See Section 5.12
of these specifications)
The agency shall arrange for visual inspection to determine that welds meet the acceptance standards of
Section 4.5(a)(1) above. Ultrasonic, X-Ray, and magnetic particle testing are inappropriate for joists due to
the configurations of the components and welds.
(b) Strength
(1) Joint Connections - Joint connections shall be capable
of withstanding forces due to an ultimate load equal to
at least 1.35 times the LRFD, or 2.0 times the ASD load
shown in the applicable Standard Load Table.
(2) Shop Splices Splices may occur at any point in chord
or web members. Members containing a butt weld
splice shall develop an ultimate tensile force of at least
57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of the chord
or web. The term member shall be defined as all
component parts comprising the chord or web, at the
point of the splice.
44
(c) Eccentricity
The specifying professional shall give consideration to coordinating joist camber with adjacent framing.
4.7 VERIFICATION OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

(a) Design Calculations
Companies manufacturing K-Series Joists shall submit
design data to the Steel Joist Institute (or an independent
agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute) for verification
of compliance with the SJI Specifications. Design data
shall be submitted in detail and in the format specified by
the Institute.
(b) Tests of Chord and Web Members
Each manufacturer shall, at the time of design review by
the Steel Joist Institute or other independent agency, verify by tests that the design, in accordance with Sections
4.1 through 4.5 of this specification, will provide the theoretical strength of critical members. Such tests shall be
evaluated considering the actual yield strength of the
members of the test joists.
Material tests for determining mechanical properties of
component members shall be conducted.
(c) Tests of Joints and Connections
Each manufacturer shall verify by shear tests on representative joints of typical joists that connections will meet the
provision of Section 4.5(b). Chord and web member may
be reinforced for such tests.

(d) In-Plant Inspections
Each manufacturer shall verify their ability to manufacture
K-Series Joists through periodic In-Plant Inspections.
Inspections shall be performed by an independent
agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute. The frequency, manner of inspection, and manner of reporting
shall be determined by the Steel Joist Institute. The
plant inspections are not a guarantee of the quality of
any specific joists; this responsibility lies fully and solely
with the individual manufacturer.
SECTION 5.
APPLICATION
5.1 USAGE
These specifications shall apply to any type of structure where
floors and roofs are to be supported directly by steel joists
installed as hereinafter specified. Where joists are used other
than on simple spans under uniformly distributed loading as
prescribed in Section 4.1, they shall be investigated and modified if necessary to limit the required stresses to those listed in
Section 4.2.
CAUTION: If a rigid connection of the bottom chord is to be
made to the column or other support, it shall be made only
after the application of the dead loads. The joist is then no
longer simply supported, and the system must be investigated
for continuous frame action by the specifying professional.
The designed detail of a rigid type connection and moment
plates shall be shown on the structural drawings by the specifying professional. The moment plates shall be furnished by
5.2 SPAN
The span of a joist shall not exceed 24 times its depth.
5.3 END SUPPORTS

(a) Masonry and Concrete
K-Series Joists supported by masonry or concrete are to
bear on steel bearing plates and shall be designed as steel
bearing. Due consideration of the end reactions and all
other vertical or lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying professional in the design of the steel bearing plate and
the masonry or concrete. The ends of K-Series Joists shall
extend a distance of not less than 4 inches (102 millimeters)
over the masonry or concrete support and be anchored to
the steel bearing plate. The plate shall be located not more
than 1/2 inch (13 millimeters) from the face of the wall and
shall be not less than 6 inches (152 millimeters) wide perpendicular to the length of the joist. The plate is to be
designed by the specifying professional and shall be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.
Where it is deemed necessary to bear less than 4 inches
(102 millimeters) over the masonry or concrete support,
special consideration is to be given to the design of the

steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete by the
specifying professional. The joists must bear a minimum of
2 1/2 inches (64 millimeters) on the steel bearing plate.
(b) Steel
Due consideration of the end reactions and all other vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying
professional in the design of the steel support. The ends
of K-Series Joists shall extend a distance of not less than
2 1/2 inches (64 millimeters) over the steel supports.
5.4 BRIDGING
Top and bottom chord bridging is required and shall consist of
one or both of the following types.
(a) Horizontal
Horizontal bridging shall consist of continuous horizontal
steel members. Attachments to the joist chords shall be
made by welding or mechanical means and shall be capable of resisting a nominal (unfactored) horizontal force of
not less than 700 pounds (3114 Newtons).
The ratio of unbraced length to least radius of gyration, l/r,
of the bridging member shall not exceed 300, where l is the
distance in inches (millimeters) between attachments and r
is the least radius of gyration of the bridging member.
(b) Diagonal
Diagonal bridging shall consist of cross-bracing with a
l/r ratio of not more than 200, where l is the distance in
inches (millimeters) between connections and r is the least
radius of gyration of the bracing member. Where crossbracing members are connected at their point of intersection, the l distance shall be taken as the distance in inches
(millimeters) between connections at the point of intersection of the bracing members and the connections to the
chord of the joists. Connections to the chords of steel joists
shall be made by positive mechanical means or by welding.
(c) Quantity and Spacing
The number of rows of top chord bridging shall not be less
than as shown in Bridging Tables 5.4-1 and 5.4-2 and the
spacing shall meet the requirements of Section 4.4(a). The
number of rows of bottom chord bridging, including bridging required per Section 5.11, shall not be less than the
number of top chord rows. Rows of bottom chord bridging
are permitted to be spaced independently of rows of top
chord bridging. The spacing of rows of bottom chord
bridging shall meet the slenderness requirement of Section
4.3 and any specified strength requirements.
(d) Bottom Chord Bearing Joists
Where bottom chord bearing joists are utilized, a row of
diagonal bridging shall be provided near the support(s).
This bridging shall be installed and anchored before the
hoisting cable(s) is released.
45

TABLE 5.4-1
U. S. UNITS
NUMBER OF ROWS OF TOP CHORD BRIDGING**

Refer to the K-Series Load Table and Specification Section 6 for required bolted diagonal bridging.
Distances are Joist Span lengths in feet - See Definition of Span preceding Load Table.
*Section
Number
One
Row
Two
Rows
Three
Rows
Four
Rows
Five
Rows
#1
Up thru 16
Over 16 thru 24
Over 24 thru 28
#2
Up thru 17
Over 17 thru 25
Over 25 thru 32
#3
Up thru 18
Over 18 thru 28
Over 28 thru 38
Over 38 thru 40
#4
Up thru 19
Over 19 thru 28
Over 28 thru 38
Over 38 thru 48
#5
Up thru 19
Over 19 thru 29
Over 29 thru 39
Over 39 thru 50
#6
Up thru 19
Over 19 thru 29
Over 29 thru 39
Over 39 thru 51
Over 51 thru 56
#7
Up thru 20
Over 20 thru 33
Over 33 thru 45
Over 45 thru 58
Over 58 thru 60
Over 50 thru 52
#8
Up thru 20
Over 20 thru 33
Over 33 thru 45
Over 45 thru 58
Over 58 thru 60
#9
Up thru 20
Over 20 thru 33
Over 33 thru 46
Over 46 thru 59
Over 59 thru 60
#10
Up thru 20
Over 20 thru 37
Over 37 thru 51
Over 51 thru 60
#11
Up thru 20
Over 20 thru 38
Over 38 thru 53
Over 53 thru 60
#12
Up thru 20
Over 20 thru 39
Over 39 thru 53
Over 53 thru 60
* Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table

** See Section 5.11 for additional bridging required for uplift design.
TABLE 5.4-2
METRIC UNITS
NUMBER OF ROWS OF TOP CHORD BRIDGING**

Refer to the K-Series Metric Load Table and Specification Section 6 for required bolted diagonal bridging.
Distances are Joist Span lengths in millimeters - See Definition of Span preceding Load Table.
*Section
Number
One
Row
Two
Rows
Three
Rows
#1
up thru 4877
Over 4877 thru 7315
Over 7315 thru 8534
#2
up thru 5182
Over 5182 thru 7620
#3
up thru 5486
Over 5486 thru 8534
Five
Rows
Over 7620 thru 9754

Over 8534 thru 11582
Over 11582 thru 12192
#4
up thru 5791
Over 5791 thru 8534
Over 11582 thru 14630
#5
up thru 5791
Over 5791 thru 8839
Over 11887 thru 15240
Over 15240 thru 15850
#6
up thru 5791
Over 5791 thru 8839
Over 11887 thru 15545
Over 15545 thru 17069
#7
up thru 6096
Over 10058 thru 13716
Over 13716 thru 17678
Over 17678 thru 18288
#8
up thru 6096
Over 10058 thru 13716
Over 13716 thru 17678
Over 17678 thru 18288

Over 17983 thru 18288
#9
up thru 6096
Over 10058 thru 14021
Over 14021 thru 17983
#10
up thru 6096
Over 11278 thru 15545
Over 15545 thru 18288
#11
up thru 6096
Over 11582 thru 16154
Over 16154 thru 18288
#12
up thru 6096
Over 11887 thru 16154
Over 16154 thru 18288
* Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table

** See Section 5.11 for additional bridging required for uplift design.
46
Four
Rows

5.5 INSTALLATION OF BRIDGING
Bridging shall support the top and bottom chords against lateral movement during the construction period and shall hold
the steel joists in the approximate position as shown on the
joist placement plans.
The ends of all bridging lines terminating at walls or beams
shall be anchored thereto.
5.6 END ANCHORAGE

Ends of K-Series Joists resting on steel bearing plates on
masonry or structural concrete shall be attached thereto
with a minimum of two 1/8 inch (3 millimeters)
fillet welds 1 inch (25 millimeters) long, or with two 1/2
inch (13 millimeters) ASTM A307 bolts, or the equivalent.
(b) Steel
Ends of K-Series Joists resting on steel supports shall be
attached thereto with a minimum of two 1/8 inch
(3 millimeters) fillet welds 1 inch (25 millimeters) long, or
with two 1/2 inch (13 millimeters) ASTM A307 bolts, or
the equivalent. When K-Series Joists are used to provide
lateral stability to the supporting member, the final connection shall be made by welding or as designated by the
specifying professional.
(c) Uplift
Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof joists
shall be anchored to resist such forces (Refer to Section
5.11 Uplift).
5.7 JOIST SPACING

Joists shall be spaced so that the loading on each joist does not
exceed the design load (LRFD or ASD) for the particular joist
designation and span as shown in the applicable load tables.
5.8 FLOOR AND ROOF DECKS

(a) Material
Floor and roof decks may consist of cast-in-place or precast concrete or gypsum, formed steel, wood, or other
suitable material capable of supporting the required load
at the specified joist spacing.
(b) Thickness
(d) Bearing
Slabs or decks shall bear uniformly along the top chords
of the joists.
(e) Attachments
The spacing for slab or deck attachments along the joist
top chord shall not exceed 36 inches (914 millimeters), and
shall be capable of resisting a nominal (unfactored) lateral
force of not less than 300 pounds (1335 Newtons), i.e., 100
plf (1.46 kN/m).
(f) Wood Nailers
Where wood nailers are used, such nailers in conjunction
with deck or slab shall be attached to the top chords of the
joists in conformance with Section 5.8(e).
(g) Joist With Standing Seam Roofing
The stiffness and strength of standing-seam roof clips
varies from one manufacturer to another. Therefore,
some roof systems cannot be counted on to provide lateral stability to the joists which support the roof.
Sufficient stability must be provided to brace the joists
laterally under the full design load. The compression
chord must resist the chord axial design force in the
plane of the joist (i.e., x-x axis buckling) and out of the
plane of the joist (i.e., y-y axis buckling). Out-of-plane
strength may be achieved by adjusting the bridging spacing and/or increasing the compression chord area, the joist
depth, and the y-axis radius of gyration. The effective
slenderness ratio in the y-direction equals 0.94 L/ry; where
L is the bridging spacing in inches (millimeters). The
maximum bridging spacing may not exceed that specified in Section 5.4(c).
Horizontal bridging members attached to the compression chords and their anchorages must be designed for a
compressive axial force of 0.0025nP, where n is the number of joists between end anchors and P is the chord
design force in kips (Newtons). The attachment force
between the horizontal bridging member and the compression chord is 0.005P. Horizontal bridging attached to
the tension chords shall be proportioned so that the slenderness ratio between attachments does not exceed 300.
Diagonal bridging shall be proportioned so that the slenderness ratio between attachments does not exceed 200.
Cast-in-place slabs shall be not less than 2 inches (51

millimeters) thick.
(c) Centering
Centering for cast-in-place slabs may be ribbed metal lath,
corrugated steel sheets, paper-backed welded wire fabric,
removable centering or any other suitable material capable
of supporting the slab at the designated joist spacing.
Centering shall not cause lateral displacement or damage
to the top chord of joists during installation or removal of
the centering or placing of the concrete.
47

5.9 DEFLECTION
The deflection due to the design nominal live load shall not
exceed the following:
Floors: 1/360 of span.
Roofs: 1/360 of span where a plaster ceiling is attached
or suspended.
1/240 of span for all other cases.
The specifying professional shall give consideration to the
effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection of joists.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute Technical
Digest #5, Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete Slab Floors
and the Institutes Computer Vibration Program.
5.10 PONDING*
The ponding investigation shall be performed by the specifying
professional.
Digest #3, Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist
Ponding Loads and AISC Specifications.
5.11 UPLIFT
Where uplift forces due to wind are a design requirement,
these forces must be indicated on the contract drawings in
terms of NET uplift in pounds per square foot (Pascals). The
contract documents shall indicate if the net uplift is based
upon LRFD or ASD. When these forces are specified, they
must be considered in the design of joists and/or bridging. A
single line of bottom chord bridging must be provided near
the first bottom chord panel points whenever uplift due to
wind forces is a design consideration.*
Digest #6, Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist
Uplift Loads.
5.12 INSPECTION
Joists shall be inspected by the manufacturer before shipment
to verify compliance of materials and workmanship with the
requirements of these specifications. If the purchaser wishes
an inspection of the steel joists by someone other than the
manufacturers own inspectors, they may reserve the right to
do so in their Invitation to Bid or the accompanying Job
Specifications.
Arrangements shall be made with the manufacturer for such
inspection of the joists at the manufacturing shop by the purchasers inspectors at purchasers expense.
5.13 PARALLEL CHORD SLOPED JOISTS

The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined by
the length along the slope. Minimum depth, load-carrying
capacity, and bridging requirements shall be determined by
the sloped definition of span. The Standard Load Table
capacity shall be the component normal to the joist.
48
SECTION 6.*
ERECTION STABILITY
AND HANDLING
When it is necessary for the erector to climb on the joists,
extreme caution must be exercised since unbridged joists may
exhibit some degree of instability under the erectors weight.
(a) Stability Requirements
1) Before an employee is allowed on the steel joist: BOTH
ends of joists at columns (or joists designated as column
joists) shall be attached to its supports. For all other
joists a minimum of one end shall be attached before the
employee is allowed on the joist. The attachment shall be
in accordance with Section 5.6 End Anchorage.
When a bolted seat connection is used for erection purposes, as a minimum, the bolts must be snug tightened.
The snug tight condition is defined as the tightness that
exists when all plies of a joint are in firm contact. This
may be attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench
or the full effort of an employee using an ordinary spud
wrench.
2) On steel joists that do not require erection bridging as
shown by the unshaded area of the Load Tables, only
one employee shall be allowed on the steel joist unless
all bridging is installed and anchored.
* For a thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI
Technical Digest #9, Handling and Erection of Steel
Joists and Joist Girders.
3) Where the span of the steel joist is within the Red shaded area of the Load Table, the following shall apply:
a) The row of bridging nearest the mid span of the steel
joists shall be bolted diagonal erection bridging; and
b) Hoisting cables shall not be released until this bolted
diagonal erection bridging is installed and anchored,
unless an alternate method of stabilizing the joist has
been provided; and
c) No more than one employee shall be allowed on
these spans until all other bridging is installed and
anchored.
4) When permanent bridging terminus points cannot be
used during erection, additional temporary bridging terminus points are required to provide stability.
5) In the case of bottom chord bearing joists, the ends of
the joist must be restrained laterally per Section 5.4(d).
6) After the joist is straightened and plumbed, and all bridging is completely installed and anchored, the ends of the
joists shall be fully connected to the supports in accordance with Section 5.6 End Anchorage.

(b) Landing and Placing Loads
1) Except as stated in paragraphs 6(b)(3) and 6(b)(4) of
this section, no construction loads(1) are allowed on
the steel joists until all bridging is installed and
anchored, and all joist bearing ends are attached.
2) During the construction period, loads placed on the
steel joists shall be distributed so as not to exceed the
capacity of the steel joists.
3) The weight of a bundle of joist bridging shall not
exceed a total of 1000 pounds (454 kilograms). The
bundle of joist bridging shall be placed on a minimum
of 3 steel joists that are secured at one end. The edge
of the bridging bundle shall be positioned within 1 foot
(0.30 m) of the secured end.
(1)
See Appendix E for definition of construction

load. A copy of the OSHA Steel Erection
Standard 1926.757, Open Web Steel Joists, is
included in Appendix E for reference purposes.
4) No bundle of deck may be placed on steel joists until all

bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist
bearing ends attached, unless the following conditions
are met:
(c) Field Welding

1) All field welding shall be performed in accordance with
the contract documents. Field welding shall not damage
the joists.
2) On cold-formed members whose yield strength has
been attained by cold working, and whose as-formed
strength is used in the design, the total length of weld at
any one point shall not exceed 50 percent of the overall
developed width of the cold-formed section.
(d) Handling
Care shall be exercised at all times to avoid damage to the
joists and accessories.
(e) Fall Arrest Systems
Steel joists shall not be used as anchorage points for a fall
arrest system unless written direction to do so is obtained
from a qualified person (2).
(2)
See Appendix E for OSHA definition of qualified

person.
a) The contractor has first determined from a qualified person (2) and documented in a site-specific
erection plan that the structure or portion of the
structure is capable of supporting the load;
b) The bundle of decking is placed on a minimum of 3
steel joists;
c) The joists supporting the bundle of decking are
attached at both ends;
d) At least one row of bridging is installed and anchored;
e) The total weight of the decking does not exceed
4000 pounds (1816 kilograms); and
f) The edge of the decking shall be placed within 1 foot
(0.30 meters) of the bearing surface of the joist end.
g) The edge of the construction load shall be placed
within 1 foot (0.30 meters) of the bearing surface of
the joist end.
49

DEFINITION OF SPAN
(U. S. Customary Units)
CL
SPAN
BEARING LENGTH
BEARING LENGTH
CL
SPAN
BEARING LENGTH
BEARING LENGTH
SPAN
BEARING LENGTH
BEARING LENGTH
NOTES: 1) DESIGN LENGTH = SPAN - 0.33 FT.

2) BEARING LENGTH FOR STEEL SUPPORTS SHALL NOT
BE LESS THAN 2 1/2 INCHES; FOR MASONRY AND
CONCRETE NOT LESS THAN 4 INCHES.
3) PARALLEL CHORD JOISTS INSTALLED TO A SLOPE
GREATER THAN 1/2 INCH PER FOOT SHALL USE SPAN
DEFINED BY THE LENGTH ALONG THE SLOPE.
50
SEAT
DEPTH
CL
STANDARD LRFD LOAD TABLE

Based on a 50 ksi Maximum Yield Strength
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute May 1, 2000
Revised to November 10, 2003 Effective March 01, 2005
The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL safe
factored uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in
pounds per linear foot, of LRFD K-Series Steel Joists. The
weight of factored DEAD loads, including the joists, must be
deducted to determine the factored LIVE load-carrying capacities of the joists. Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span
as defined by the length along the slope.
The figures shown in RED in this load table are the unfactored
nominal LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will produce
an approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loads
which will produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may be
obtained by multiplying the figures in RED by 1.5. In no case
shall the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded.
The approximate joist weights per linear foot shown in these

tables do not include accessories.
The approximate moment of inertia of the joist, in inches4 is;
Ij = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6), where WLL= RED figure in the
Load Table and L = (Span - 0.33) in feet.
For the proper handling of concentrated and/or varying loads,
see Section 6.1 in the Code of Standard Practice for Steel
Where the joist span exceeds the unshaded area of the
Load Table, the row of bridging nearest the mid span shall be
diagonal bridging with bolted connections at the chords and
intersections.
LRFD
STANDARD LOAD TABLE FOR OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
Based on a 50 ksi Maximum Yield Strength - Loads Shown in Pounds per Linear Foot (plf)
Joist
Designation
Depth (in.)
Approx. Wt
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
8K1
10K1
12K1
12K3
12K5
14K1
14K3
14K4
14K6
16K3
16K4
16K5
16K6
16K7
10
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.7
7.1
5.2
6.0
6.7
7.7
5.5
6.3
7.0
7.5
8.1
8.6
10.0
825
550
825
510
750
425
651
344
570
282
504
234
448
197
402
167
361
142
327
123
298
106
271
93
249
81
825
550
825
510
825
463
814
428
714
351
630
291
561
245
502
207
453
177
409
153
373
132
340
116
312
101
825
550
825
510
825
463
825
434
825
396
825
366
760
317
681
269
613
230
555
198
505
172
462
150
423
132
825
550
766
475
672
390
592
324
528
272
472
230
426
197
385
170
351
147
321
128
294
113
270
100
249
88
231
79
214
70
825
550
825
507
825
467
742
404
661
339
592
287
534
246
483
212
439
184
402
160
367
141
339
124
313
110
289
98
270
88
825
550
825
507
825
467
825
443
795
397
712
336
642
287
582
248
529
215
483
188
442
165
408
145
376
129
349
115
324
103
825
550
825
507
825
467
825
443
825
408
825
383
787
347
712
299
648
259
592
226
543
199
501
175
462
156
427
139
397
124
825
550
768
488
684
409
612
347
552
297
499
255
454
222
415
194
381
170
351
150
324
133
300
119
279
106
259
95
241
86
226
78
213
71
825
550
825
526
762
456
682
386
615
330
556
285
505
247
462
216
424
189
390
167
360
148
334
132
310
118
289
106
270
96
252
87
237
79
825
550
825
526
825
490
820
452
739
386
670
333
609
289
556
252
510
221
469
195
433
173
402
155
373
138
348
124
324
112
304
101
285
92
825
550
825
526
825
490
825
455
825
426
754
373
687
323
627
282
576
248
529
219
489
194
453
173
421
155
391
139
366
126
342
114
321
103
825
550
825
526
825
490
825
455
825
426
822
405
747
351
682
307
627
269
576
238
532
211
493
188
459
168
427
151
399
137
373
124
349
112
825
550
825
526
825
490
825
455
825
426
825
406
825
385
760
339
697
298
642
263
592
233
549
208
510
186
475
167
444
151
415
137
388
124
825
550
825
526
825
490
825
455
825
426
825
406
825
385
825
363
825
346
771
311
711
276
658
246
612
220
570
198
532
178
498
161
466
147
825
550
825
550
825
480
798
377
666
288
565
225
486
179
421
145
369
119
825
550
825
542
825
455
718
363
618
289
537
234
469
192
415
159
369
134
331
113
298
97
16K2
16K9
51
LRFD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs./ft.)
18K3
18K4
18K5
18K6
18K7
20K3
20K4
20K5
20K6
22K4
22K5
22K6
22K7
18
18
18
18
18
18K9 18K10
18
18
20
20
20
20
20K7 20K9 20K10
20
20
20
22
22
22
22
22K9 22K10 22K11
22
22
22
6.6
7.2
7.7
8.5
10.2
11.7
6.7
7.6
8.2
8.9
9.3
10.8
12.2
8.8
9.2
9.7
11.3
12.6
13.8
825
550
771
494
694
423
630
364
573
316
523
276
480
242
441
214
408
190
378
169
351
151
327
136
304
123
285
111
267
101
252
92
237
84
223
77
211
70
825
550
825
523
825
490
759
426
690
370
630
323
577
284
532
250
492
222
454
198
423
177
394
159
367
144
343
130
322
118
303
108
285
98
268
90
253
82
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
777
414
709
362
651
318
600
281
553
249
513
222
477
199
444
179
414
161
387
146
363
132
342
121
321
110
303
101
286
92
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
825
438
774
393
709
345
652
305
603
271
558
241
519
216
483
194
451
175
421
158
396
144
372
131
349
120
330
110
312
101
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
825
438
825
418
789
382
727
337
672
299
622
267
577
239
538
215
502
194
469
175
441
159
414
145
390
132
367
121
348
111
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
825
438
825
418
825
396
825
377
807
354
747
315
694
282
646
254
603
229
564
207
529
188
498
171
468
156
441
143
417
132
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
825
438
825
418
825
396
825
377
825
361
825
347
822
331
766
298
715
269
669
243
627
221
589
201
555
184
523
168
495
154
775
517
702
453
639
393
583
344
535
302
493
266
456
236
421
211
391
189
364
170
340
153
318
138
298
126
280
114
264
105
249
96
235
88
222
81
211
74
199
69
190
64
825
550
825
520
771
461
703
402
645
353
594
312
549
277
508
247
472
221
439
199
411
179
384
162
360
147
339
134
318
122
300
112
283
103
268
95
255
87
241
81
229
75
825
550
825
520
825
490
793
451
727
396
669
350
618
310
573
277
532
248
495
223
462
201
433
182
406
165
381
150
358
137
339
126
319
115
303
106
286
98
271
90
258
84
825
550
825
520
825
490
825
468
792
430
729
380
673
337
624
301
579
269
540
242
504
218
471
198
442
179
415
163
391
149
369
137
348
125
330
115
312
106
297
98
282
91
825
550
825
520
825
490
825
468
825
448
811
421
750
373
694
333
645
298
601
268
561
242
525
219
492
199
463
181
435
165
411
151
388
139
367
128
348
118
330
109
313
101
825
550
825
520
825
490
825
468
825
448
825
426
825
405
825
389
775
353
723
317
675
286
631
259
592
235
556
214
523
195
493
179
466
164
441
151
418
139
397
129
376
119
825
550
825
520
825
490
825
468
825
448
825
426
825
405
825
389
825
375
825
359
799
336
748
304
702
276
660
251
621
229
585
210
553
193
523
178
496
164
471
151
447
140
825
548
777
491
712
431
657
381
606
338
561
301
522
270
486
242
453
219
424
198
397
180
373
164
352
149
331
137
313
126
297
116
280
107
267
98
253
91
241
85
229
79
219
73
208
68
825
548
825
518
804
483
739
427
682
379
633
337
588
302
547
272
511
245
478
222
448
201
421
183
397
167
373
153
354
141
334
130
316
119
300
110
285
102
271
95
259
88
247
82
235
76
825
548
825
518
825
495
805
464
744
411
688
367
640
328
597
295
556
266
520
241
489
219
459
199
432
182
408
167
385
153
364
141
345
130
327
120
310
111
295
103
282
96
268
89
256
83
825
548
825
518
825
495
825
474
825
454
768
406
712
364
664
327
619
295
580
267
544
242
511
221
481
202
454
185
429
169
406
156
384
144
364
133
346
123
330
114
313
106
300
99
286
92
825
548
825
518
825
495
825
474
825
454
825
432
825
413
798
387
745
349
697
316
654
287
615
261
579
239
546
219
516
201
487
185
462
170
438
157
417
146
396
135
378
126
360
117
343
109
825
548
825
518
825
495
825
474
825
454
825
432
825
413
825
399
825
385
825
369
775
337
729
307
687
280
648
257
612
236
579
217
549
200
520
185
495
171
471
159
448
148
427
138
408
128
825
548
825
518
825
495
825
474
825
454
825
432
825
413
825
399
825
385
825
369
823
355
798
334
774
314
741
292
700
269
663
247
628
228
595
211
565
195
538
181
513
168
489
157
466
146
Span (ft.)
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
52
LRFD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs./ft.)
24K4
24K5
24K6
24K7
24K8
24K9
24K10
24K12
26K5
26K6
26K7
26K8
26K9
26K10
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
26
26
26
26
26
26
26K12
26
8.4
9.3
9.7
10.1
11.5
12.0
13.1
16.0
9.8
10.6
10.9
12.1
12.2
13.8
16.6
780
516
718
456
663
405
615
361
571
323
531
290
496
262
465
237
435
215
409
196
385
179
363
164
343
150
324
138
307
128
292
118
277
109
264
101
252
94
240
88
229
82
219
76
208
71
199
67
192
63
825
544
810
511
748
453
693
404
643
362
600
325
559
293
523
266
490
241
462
220
435
201
409
184
387
169
366
155
346
143
328
132
312
122
297
114
283
106
270
98
258
92
246
86
235
80
225
75
216
70
825
544
825
520
814
493
754
439
700
393
652
354
609
319
570
289
535
262
502
239
472
218
445
200
421
183
399
169
378
156
358
144
340
133
324
124
309
115
294
107
280
100
268
93
256
87
246
82
235
77
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
781
436
727
392
679
353
636
320
595
290
559
265
526
242
496
221
469
203
444
187
421
172
399
159
379
148
361
137
343
127
328
118
313
110
298
103
286
97
274
90
262
85
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
825
456
804
429
750
387
702
350
658
318
619
289
582
264
549
242
519
222
490
205
465
189
441
174
420
161
399
150
379
139
363
130
346
121
330
113
316
106
303
99
291
93
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
825
456
825
436
816
419
765
379
717
344
673
313
634
286
598
262
565
241
534
222
507
204
480
189
456
175
435
162
414
151
394
140
376
131
360
122
345
114
330
107
316
101
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
825
456
825
436
825
422
825
410
823
393
798
368
753
337
709
308
670
283
634
260
601
240
570
222
541
206
516
191
490
177
468
165
447
154
427
144
408
135
391
126
375
118
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
825
456
825
436
825
422
825
410
823
393
798
368
774
344
751
324
730
306
711
290
691
275
673
261
657
247
640
235
625
224
609
213
580
199
555
185
531
174
508
163
487
153
813
535
753
477
699
427
651
384
607
346
568
314
534
285
501
259
472
237
445
217
420
199
397
183
376
169
357
156
340
145
322
134
307
125
294
116
280
108
268
101
256
95
246
89
235
83
225
78
216
73
208
69
199
65
825
541
820
519
762
464
709
417
661
377
619
341
580
309
546
282
514
257
484
236
457
216
433
199
411
184
390
170
370
157
352
146
336
136
319
126
306
118
291
110
279
103
267
96
256
90
246
85
235
80
226
75
217
71
825
541
825
522
825
501
790
463
738
417
690
378
648
343
609
312
573
285
540
261
510
240
483
221
457
204
433
188
412
174
393
162
373
150
357
140
340
131
325
122
310
114
298
107
285
100
274
94
262
89
252
83
243
79
825
541
825
522
825
501
825
479
816
457
763
413
715
375
672
342
633
312
597
286
564
263
534
242
505
223
480
206
456
191
433
177
412
164
394
153
376
143
360
133
343
125
328
117
315
110
303
103
291
97
279
91
268
86
825
541
825
522
825
501
825
479
825
459
825
444
778
407
732
370
688
338
649
310
613
284
580
262
550
241
522
223
496
207
472
192
450
178
429
166
409
155
391
145
375
135
358
127
343
119
330
112
316
105
304
99
292
93
825
541
825
522
825
501
825
479
825
459
825
444
823
431
798
404
774
378
751
356
729
334
690
308
654
284
619
262
589
243
561
225
534
210
508
195
486
182
465
170
444
159
426
149
408
140
391
131
375
124
361
116
346
110
825
541
825
522
825
501
825
479
825
459
825
444
823
431
798
404
774
378
751
356
730
334
711
315
691
299
673
283
657
269
640
256
625
244
610
232
597
222
583
212
570
203
553
192
529
180
508
169
487
159
469
150
451
142
Span (ft.)
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
LRFD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
54
28K6
28K7
28K8
28K9
28K10
28K12
30K7
30K8
30K9
30K10
30K11
28
28
28
28
28
28
30
30
30
30
30
30
11.4
11.8
12.7
13.0
14.3
17.1
12.3
13.2
13.4
15.0
16.4
17.6
822
541
766
486
715
439
669
397
627
361
589
329
555
300
523
275
495
252
468
232
444
214
420
198
399
183
379
170
361
158
345
147
330
137
315
128
301
120
288
112
276
105
265
99
255
93
244
88
235
83
226
78
217
74
210
70
202
66
825
543
825
522
796
486
745
440
699
400
657
364
618
333
583
305
550
280
522
257
493
237
469
219
445
203
424
189
403
175
385
163
367
152
351
142
336
133
321
125
309
117
295
110
283
103
273
97
262
92
252
87
243
82
234
77
226
73
825
543
825
522
825
500
825
480
772
438
726
399
684
364
645
333
609
306
576
282
546
260
519
240
492
222
468
206
445
192
426
179
406
167
388
156
372
146
355
136
340
128
327
120
313
113
301
106
289
100
279
95
268
89
259
85
249
80
825
543
825
522
825
500
825
480
823
463
790
432
744
395
702
361
663
332
627
305
594
282
564
260
535
241
510
224
486
208
463
194
442
181
423
169
405
158
387
148
370
139
355
130
342
123
328
115
315
109
304
103
292
97
282
92
271
87
825
543
825
522
825
500
825
480
823
463
798
435
774
410
751
389
730
366
711
344
691
325
670
306
636
284
606
263
576
245
550
228
525
212
501
198
480
186
459
174
441
163
423
153
405
144
390
136
375
128
360
121
348
114
334
108
322
102
825
543
825
522
825
500
825
480
823
463
798
435
774
410
751
389
730
366
711
344
691
325
673
308
657
291
640
277
625
264
610
252
597
240
583
229
570
219
558
210
547
201
535
193
525
185
507
175
487
165
469
156
451
147
435
139
420
132
825
543
801
508
751
461
706
420
664
384
627
351
592
323
559
297
531
274
504
253
478
234
454
217
433
202
414
188
394
176
376
164
361
153
345
144
331
135
318
127
304
119
292
112
282
106
271
100
261
94
252
89
243
84
234
80
226
76
219
72
211
69
825
543
825
520
823
500
780
460
735
420
693
384
654
353
619
325
586
300
556
277
529
256
502
238
480
221
457
206
436
192
417
179
399
168
382
157
366
148
351
139
337
130
324
123
312
116
300
109
288
103
277
98
268
92
259
88
250
83
241
79
234
75
825
543
825
520
823
500
798
468
774
441
751
415
712
383
673
352
639
325
606
300
576
278
547
258
522
240
498
223
475
208
454
195
435
182
415
171
399
160
382
150
367
141
352
133
339
126
327
119
313
112
303
106
292
100
282
95
271
90
262
86
253
81
825
543
825
520
823
500
798
468
774
441
751
415
730
392
711
374
691
353
673
333
657
315
640
300
619
282
591
263
564
245
538
229
516
214
493
201
472
188
454
177
436
166
418
157
402
148
387
140
373
132
360
125
346
118
334
112
322
106
312
101
301
96
825
543
825
520
823
500
798
468
774
441
751
415
730
392
711
374
691
353
673
333
657
315
640
300
625
284
610
270
597
258
583
246
570
236
558
226
543
215
520
202
499
190
480
179
462
169
444
159
427
150
412
142
397
135
384
128
370
121
358
115
346
109
825
543
825
520
823
500
798
468
774
441
751
415
730
392
711
374
691
353
673
333
657
315
640
300
625
284
610
270
597
258
583
246
570
236
558
226
547
216
535
207
525
199
514
192
504
184
495
177
486
170
468
161
451
153
435
145
420
137
406
130
393
124
30K12
STANDARD ASD LOAD TABLE

uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in pounds per
linear foot, of ASD K-Series Steel Joists. The weight of
DEAD loads, including the joists, must be deducted to determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities of the joists. Sloped
parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined by the length
along the slope.
The figures shown in RED in this load table are the nominal
LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will produce an
approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loads
which will produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may be
obtained by multiplying the figures in RED by 1.5. In no case
shall the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded.

Ij = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10 -6 ), where WLL= RED figure in the
Load Table and L = (Span - 0.33) in feet.
For the proper handling of concentrated and/or varying loads,
see Section 6.1 in the Code of Standard Practice for Steel Joists
and Joist Girders.
Load Table, the row of bridging nearest the mid span shall be
diagonal bridging with bolted connections at the chords and
intersections.
ASD
Joist
Designation
Depth (in.)
Approx. Wt
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
8K1
10K1
12K1
12K3
12K5
14K1
14K3
14K4
14K6
16K3
16K4
16K5
16K6
16K7
10
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.7
7.1
5.2
6.0
6.7
7.7
5.5
6.3
7.0
7.5
8.1
8.6
10.0
550
550
550
510
500
425
434
344
380
282
336
234
299
197
268
167
241
142
218
123
199
106
181
93
166
81
550
550
550
510
550
463
543
428
476
351
420
291
374
245
335
207
302
177
273
153
249
132
227
116
208
101
550
550
550
510
550
463
550
434
550
396
550
366
507
317
454
269
409
230
370
198
337
172
308
150
282
132
550
550
511
475
448
390
395
324
352
272
315
230
284
197
257
170
234
147
214
128
196
113
180
100
166
88
154
79
143
70
550
550
550
507
550
467
495
404
441
339
395
287
356
246
322
212
293
184
268
160
245
141
226
124
209
110
193
98
180
88
550
550
550
507
550
467
550
443
530
397
475
336
428
287
388
248
353
215
322
188
295
165
272
145
251
129
233
115
216
103
550
550
550
507
550
467
550
443
550
408
550
383
525
347
475
299
432
259
395
226
362
199
334
175
308
156
285
139
265
124
550
550
512
488
456
409
408
347
368
297
333
255
303
222
277
194
254
170
234
150
216
133
200
119
186
106
173
95
161
86
151
78
142
71
550
550
550
526
508
456
455
386
410
330
371
285
337
247
308
216
283
189
260
167
240
148
223
132
207
118
193
106
180
96
168
87
158
79
550
550
550
526
550
490
547
452
493
386
447
333
406
289
371
252
340
221
313
195
289
173
268
155
249
138
232
124
216
112
203
101
190
92
550
550
550
526
550
490
550
455
550
426
503
373
458
323
418
282
384
248
353
219
326
194
302
173
281
155
261
139
244
126
228
114
214
103
550
550
550
526
550
490
550
455
550
426
548
405
498
351
455
307
418
269
384
238
355
211
329
188
306
168
285
151
266
137
249
124
233
112
550
550
550
526
550
490
550
455
550
426
550
406
550
385
507
339
465
298
428
263
395
233
366
208
340
186
317
167
296
151
277
137
259
124
550
550
550
526
550
490
550
455
550
426
550
406
550
385
550
363
550
346
514
311
474
276
439
246
408
220
380
198
355
178
332
161
311
147
550
550
550
550
550
480
532
377
444
288
377
225
324
179
281
145
246
119
550
550
550
542
550
455
479
363
412
289
358
234
313
192
277
159
246
134
221
113
199
97
16K2
16K9
55
ASD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
56
18K3
18K4
18K5
18K6
18K7
20K3
20K4
20K5
20K6
20K7
20K9
20K10
22K4
22K5
22K6
22K7
18
18
18
18
18
18K9 18K10
18
18
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
22
22
22
22
22K9 22K10 22K11
22
22
22
6.6
7.2
7.7
8.5
10.2
11.7
6.7
7.6
8.2
8.9
9.3
10.8
12.2
8.8
9.2
9.7
11.3
12.6
13.8
550
550
514
494
463
423
420
364
382
316
349
276
320
242
294
214
272
190
252
169
234
151
218
136
203
123
190
111
178
101
168
92
158
84
149
77
141
70
550
550
550
523
550
490
506
426
460
370
420
323
385
284
355
250
328
222
303
198
282
177
263
159
245
144
229
130
215
118
202
108
190
98
179
90
169
82
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
518
414
473
362
434
318
400
281
369
249
342
222
318
199
296
179
276
161
258
146
242
132
228
121
214
110
202
101
191
92
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
550
438
516
393
473
345
435
305
402
271
372
241
346
216
322
194
301
175
281
158
264
144
248
131
233
120
220
110
208
101
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
550
438
550
418
526
382
485
337
448
299
415
267
385
239
359
215
335
194
313
175
294
159
276
145
260
132
245
121
232
111
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
550
438
550
418
550
396
550
377
538
354
498
315
463
282
431
254
402
229
376
207
353
188
332
171
312
156
294
143
278
132
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
550
438
550
418
550
396
550
377
550
361
550
347
548
331
511
298
477
269
446
243
418
221
393
201
370
184
349
168
330
154
517
517
468
453
426
393
389
344
357
302
329
266
304
236
281
211
261
189
243
170
227
153
212
138
199
126
187
114
176
105
166
96
157
88
148
81
141
74
133
69
127
64
550
550
550
520
514
461
469
402
430
353
396
312
366
277
339
247
315
221
293
199
274
179
256
162
240
147
226
134
212
122
200
112
189
103
179
95
170
87
161
81
153
75
550
550
550
520
550
490
529
451
485
396
446
350
412
310
382
277
355
248
330
223
308
201
289
182
271
165
254
150
239
137
226
126
213
115
202
106
191
98
181
90
172
84
550
550
550
520
550
490
550
468
528
430
486
380
449
337
416
301
386
269
360
242
336
218
314
198
295
179
277
163
261
149
246
137
232
125
220
115
208
106
198
98
188
91
550
550
550
520
550
490
550
468
550
448
541
421
500
373
463
333
430
298
401
268
374
242
350
219
328
199
309
181
290
165
274
151
259
139
245
128
232
118
220
109
209
101
550
550
550
520
550
490
550
468
550
448
550
426
550
405
550
389
517
353
482
317
450
286
421
259
395
235
371
214
349
195
329
179
311
164
294
151
279
139
265
129
251
119
550
550
550
520
550
490
550
468
550
448
550
426
550
405
550
389
550
375
550
359
533
336
499
304
468
276
440
251
414
229
390
210
369
193
349
178
331
164
314
151
298
140
550
548
518
491
475
431
438
381
404
338
374
301
348
270
324
242
302
219
283
198
265
180
249
164
235
149
221
137
209
126
198
116
187
107
178
98
169
91
161
85
153
79
146
73
139
68
550
548
550
518
536
483
493
427
455
379
422
337
392
302
365
272
341
245
319
222
299
201
281
183
265
167
249
153
236
141
223
130
211
119
200
110
190
102
181
95
173
88
165
82
157
76
550
548
550
518
550
495
537
464
496
411
459
367
427
328
398
295
371
266
347
241
326
219
306
199
288
182
272
167
257
153
243
141
230
130
218
120
207
111
197
103
188
96
179
89
171
83
550
548
550
518
550
495
550
474
550
454
512
406
475
364
443
327
413
295
387
267
363
242
341
221
321
202
303
185
286
169
271
156
256
144
243
133
231
123
220
114
209
106
200
99
191
92
550
548
550
518
550
495
550
474
550
454
550
432
550
413
532
387
497
349
465
316
436
287
410
261
386
239
364
219
344
201
325
185
308
170
292
157
278
146
264
135
252
126
240
117
229
109
550
548
550
518
550
495
550
474
550
454
550
432
550
413
550
399
550
385
550
369
517
337
486
307
458
280
432
257
408
236
386
217
366
200
347
185
330
171
314
159
299
148
285
138
272
128
550
548
550
518
550
495
550
474
550
454
550
432
550
413
550
399
550
385
550
369
549
355
532
334
516
314
494
292
467
269
442
247
419
228
397
211
377
195
359
181
342
168
326
157
311
146
ASD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
24K4
24K5
24K6
24K7
24K8
24K9
24K10
24K12
26K5
26K6
26K7
26K8
26K9
26K10
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
26
26
26
26
26
26
26K12
26
8.4
9.3
9.7
10.1
11.5
12.0
13.1
16.0
9.8
10.6
10.9
12.1
12.2
13.8
16.6
520
516
479
456
442
405
410
361
381
323
354
290
331
262
310
237
290
215
273
196
257
179
242
164
229
150
216
138
205
128
195
118
185
109
176
101
168
94
160
88
153
82
146
76
139
71
133
67
128
63
550
544
540
511
499
453
462
404
429
362
400
325
373
293
349
266
327
241
308
220
290
201
273
184
258
169
244
155
231
143
219
132
208
122
198
114
189
106
180
98
172
92
164
86
157
80
150
75
144
70
550
544
550
520
543
493
503
439
467
393
435
354
406
319
380
289
357
262
335
239
315
218
297
200
281
183
266
169
252
156
239
144
227
133
216
124
206
115
196
107
187
100
179
93
171
87
164
82
157
77
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
521
436
485
392
453
353
424
320
397
290
373
265
351
242
331
221
313
203
296
187
281
172
266
159
253
148
241
137
229
127
219
118
209
110
199
103
191
97
183
90
175
85
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
550
456
536
429
500
387
468
350
439
318
413
289
388
264
366
242
346
222
327
205
310
189
294
174
280
161
266
150
253
139
242
130
231
121
220
113
211
106
202
99
194
93
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
550
456
550
436
544
419
510
379
478
344
449
313
423
286
399
262
377
241
356
222
338
204
320
189
304
175
290
162
276
151
263
140
251
131
240
122
230
114
220
107
211
101
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
550
456
550
436
550
422
550
410
549
393
532
368
502
337
473
308
447
283
423
260
401
240
380
222
361
206
344
191
327
177
312
165
298
154
285
144
272
135
261
126
250
118
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
550
456
550
436
550
422
550
410
549
393
532
368
516
344
501
324
487
306
474
290
461
275
449
261
438
247
427
235
417
224
406
213
387
199
370
185
354
174
339
163
325
153
542
535
502
477
466
427
434
384
405
346
379
314
356
285
334
259
315
237
297
217
280
199
265
183
251
169
238
156
227
145
215
134
205
125
196
116
187
108
179
101
171
95
164
89
157
83
150
78
144
73
139
69
133
65
550
541
547
519
508
464
473
417
441
377
413
341
387
309
364
282
343
257
323
236
305
216
289
199
274
184
260
170
247
157
235
146
224
136
213
126
204
118
194
110
186
103
178
96
171
90
164
85
157
80
151
75
145
71
550
541
550
522
550
501
527
463
492
417
460
378
432
343
406
312
382
285
360
261
340
240
322
221
305
204
289
188
275
174
262
162
249
150
238
140
227
131
217
122
207
114
199
107
190
100
183
94
175
89
168
83
162
79
550
541
550
522
550
501
550
479
544
457
509
413
477
375
448
342
422
312
398
286
376
263
356
242
337
223
320
206
304
191
289
177
275
164
263
153
251
143
240
133
229
125
219
117
210
110
202
103
194
97
186
91
179
86
550
541
550
522
550
501
550
479
550
459
550
444
519
407
488
370
459
338
433
310
409
284
387
262
367
241
348
223
331
207
315
192
300
178
286
166
273
155
261
145
250
135
239
127
229
119
220
112
211
105
203
99
195
93
550
541
550
522
550
501
550
479
550
459
550
444
549
431
532
404
516
378
501
356
486
334
460
308
436
284
413
262
393
243
374
225
356
210
339
195
324
182
310
170
296
159
284
149
272
140
261
131
250
124
241
116
231
110
550
541
550
522
550
501
550
479
550
459
550
444
549
431
532
404
516
378
501
356
487
334
474
315
461
299
449
283
438
269
427
256
417
244
407
232
398
222
389
212
380
203
369
192
353
180
339
169
325
159
313
150
301
142
57
ASD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs./ft.)
Span (ft.)
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
58
28K6
28K7
28K8
28K9
28K10
28K12
30K7
30K8
30K9
30K10
30K11
28
28
28
28
28
28
30
30
30
30
30
30K12
30
11.4
11.8
12.7
13.0
14.3
17.1
12.3
13.2
13.4
15.0
16.4
17.6
548
541
511
486
477
439
446
397
418
361
393
329
370
300
349
275
330
252
312
232
296
214
280
198
266
183
253
170
241
158
230
147
220
137
210
128
201
120
192
112
184
105
177
99
170
93
163
88
157
83
151
78
145
74
140
70
135
66
550
543
550
522
531
486
497
440
466
400
438
364
412
333
389
305
367
280
348
257
329
237
313
219
297
203
283
189
269
175
257
163
245
152
234
142
224
133
214
125
206
117
197
110
189
103
182
97
175
92
168
87
162
82
156
77
151
73
550
543
550
522
550
500
550
480
515
438
484
399
456
364
430
333
406
306
384
282
364
260
346
240
328
222
312
206
297
192
284
179
271
167
259
156
248
146
237
136
227
128
218
120
209
113
201
106
193
100
186
95
179
89
173
85
166
80
550
543
550
522
550
500
550
480
549
463
527
432
496
395
468
361
442
332
418
305
396
282
376
260
357
241
340
224
324
208
309
194
295
181
282
169
270
158
258
148
247
139
237
130
228
123
219
115
210
109
203
103
195
97
188
92
181
87
550
543
550
522
550
500
550
480
549
463
532
435
516
410
501
389
487
366
474
344
461
325
447
306
424
284
404
263
384
245
367
228
350
212
334
198
320
186
306
174
294
163
282
153
270
144
260
136
250
128
240
121
232
114
223
108
215
102
550
543
550
522
550
500
550
480
549
463
532
435
516
410
501
389
487
366
474
344
461
325
449
308
438
291
427
277
417
264
407
252
398
240
389
229
380
219
372
210
365
201
357
193
350
185
338
175
325
165
313
156
301
147
290
139
280
132
550
543
534
508
501
461
471
420
443
384
418
351
395
323
373
297
354
274
336
253
319
234
303
217
289
202
276
188
263
176
251
164
241
153
230
144
221
135
212
127
203
119
195
112
188
106
181
100
174
94
168
89
162
84
156
80
151
76
146
72
141
69
550
543
550
520
549
500
520
460
490
420
462
384
436
353
413
325
391
300
371
277
353
256
335
238
320
221
305
206
291
192
278
179
266
168
255
157
244
148
234
139
225
130
216
123
208
116
200
109
192
103
185
98
179
92
173
88
167
83
161
79
156
75
550
543
550
520
549
500
532
468
516
441
501
415
475
383
449
352
426
325
404
300
384
278
365
258
348
240
332
223
317
208
303
195
290
182
277
171
266
160
255
150
245
141
235
133
226
126
218
119
209
112
202
106
195
100
188
95
181
90
175
86
169
81
550
543
550
520
549
500
532
468
516
441
501
415
487
392
474
374
461
353
449
333
438
315
427
300
413
282
394
263
376
245
359
229
344
214
329
201
315
188
303
177
291
166
279
157
268
148
258
140
249
132
240
125
231
118
223
112
215
106
208
101
201
96
550
543
550
520
549
500
532
468
516
441
501
415
487
392
474
374
461
353
449
333
438
315
427
300
417
284
407
270
398
258
389
246
380
236
372
226
362
215
347
202
333
190
320
179
308
169
296
159
285
150
275
142
265
135
256
128
247
121
239
115
231
109
550
543
550
520
549
500
532
468
516
441
501
415
487
392
474
374
461
353
449
333
438
315
427
300
417
284
407
270
398
258
389
246
380
236
372
226
365
216
357
207
350
199
343
192
336
184
330
177
324
170
312
161
301
153
290
145
280
137
271
130
262
124

DEFINITION OF SPAN
(Metric Units)
CL
SPAN
BEARING LENGTH
BEARING LENGTH
CL
SPAN
BEARING LENGTH
BEARING LENGTH
SPAN
BEARING LENGTH
BEARING LENGTH
SEAT
DEPTH
CL
NOTES: 1) DESIGN LENGTH = SPAN - 102 mm.

2) BEARING LENGTH FOR STEEL SUPPORTS SHALL NOT
BE LESS THAN 64 mm; FOR MASONRY AND
CONCRETE NOT LESS THAN 102 mm.
3) PARALLEL CHORD JOISTS INSTALLED TO A SLOPE
GREATER THAN 1:24 SHALL USE SPAN
DEFINED BY THE LENGTH ALONG THE SLOPE.
59
OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, KCS-SERIES

KCS JOISTS
The KCS Joists:
1. Provide a versatile K-Series Joist that can be easily
specified to support uniform loads plus concentrated
and non-uniform loads.
2. Eliminate many repetitive load diagrams required on
contract documents and allow some flexibility of load
locations.
KCS joists are designed in accordance with the Standard
Specification for K-Series Joists.
Standard K-Series Joists are designed for simple span uniform
loading which results in a parabolic moment diagram for chord
forces and a linearly sloped shear diagram for web forces.
When non-uniform and/or concentrated loads are encountered
the shear and moment diagrams required may be shaped quite
differently and may not be covered by the shear and moment
design envelopes of a standard K-Series Joist.
KCS Joist chords are designed for a flat positive moment
envelope. The moment capacity is constant at all interior
panels. The top chord end panel is designed for axial load
based on the force in the first tension web, which is based
on the specified shear. A uniform load of 825 plf (12030
N/m) LRFD or 550 plf (8020 N/m) ASD is used to check end
panel bending.
Please reference SJI Technical Digest #9 Handling and

Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders for further information.
NOTE: In the following examples joist selection is based on
minimum depth and minimum weight (plf, kg/m). Other selections may be more suitable for specific job conditions.
M
M o
R
V
o
R
KCS JOIST
SHEAR AND MOMENT ENVELOPES
LRFD EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1 *
The web forces are determined based on a flat shear envelope.

All webs are designed for a vertical shear equal to the specified shear capacity. Furthermore, all webs (except the first
tension web which remains in tension under all simple span
gravity loads) will be designed for 100% stress reversal.
Both LRFD and ASD KCS Joist load tables list the shear and
moment capacity of each joist. The selection of a KCS Joist
requires the specifying professional to calculate the maximum moment and shear imposed and select the appropriate
KCS Joist. If a KCS Joist cannot be selected from the load
table or if any uniform load exceeds 825 plf (12030 N/m)
LRFD or 550 plf (8020 N/m) ASD or if the maximum concentrated load exceeds the shear capacity of the joist, use double KCS Joists or select an LH-Series Joist. For the LHSeries Joist, supply a load diagram. When net uplift loads,
end moments or other external horizontal loads are a design
consideration; these loads shall be provided to the joist
manufacturer by the specifying professional.
As is the case with standard K-, LH- and DLH-Series Joists,
chord bending due to concentrated loads must be addressed.
In the case of concentrated loads, the specifying professional
shall handle them in one of two ways: 1) specify on the structural drawings that an extra web must be field applied at all
concentrated loads not occurring at joist panel points, or 2)
provide exact locations of all concentrated loads for which the
joist manufacturer shall provide necessary reinforcement.
LRFD FACTORED LOADS

1500 lbs (6.67kN)
8.0 ft
(2438 mm)
W = 360 plf (5254 N/m)
L = 40.0 ft (12192 mm)
Design Length)
RL
M = 938 in.-kip (105.9 kN-m)
RL = 8400 lbs (37.37 kN), RR = 7500 lbs (33.36 kN)
Select a 22KCS3, M = 987 in.-kip (111.5 kN-m)
R = 9900 lbs (44.0 kN)
Bridging section no. 9 for L = 40 ft. (12192 mm)
Use 22K9 to determine bridging and stability requirements.
Since a standard KCS Joist can be selected from the load
table a load diagram is not required.
* Errata correction posted by SJI 12/04/2006.
60
RR

Bridging section no. 12 for L = 55 ft. (16764 mm) clear span.
EXAMPLE 2 *
LRFD FACTORED LOADS
OPTION B: Select an LH-Series Joist. Calculate an equivalent

uniform load based on the maximum moment or shear:
450 lbs (2.00 kN)

1200 lb (5.34 kN)
W = 240 plf (3503 N/m)
WM = 8M = 962 plf (14.04 kN/m)

L2
750 lb (3.34 kN)
W = 405 plf (5911 N/m)
WV =
8.0 ft
3.0 ft
914 mm
2R
= 764 plf (11.14 kN/m)
L
(2438mm)
7.0 ft
2134 mm
9.0 ft (2743 mm)
L = 30 ft (9144 mm)
RR
RL
M = 664 in.-kip (75.03 kN-m)

RL = 7500 lbs (33.36 kN), RR = 8010 lbs (35.63 kN)
R = 8850 lbs (39.3 kN)
Since the maximum factored uniform load of 645 plf (9413
N/m) (405 plf (5911 N/m) + 240 plf (3503 N/m)) does not
exceed the maximum KCS Joist uniform load of 825 plf (12030
N/m) and a standard KCS Joist can be selected from the load
table, a load diagram is not required.
Use 962 plf (14.04 kN/m)

From the LH-Series LRFD Load Table select a 32LH13,
W = 1035 plf (15.10 kN/m) for a 55 ft. (16764 mm) span.
Specify a 32LH13SP and present a load diagram on the
structural drawings with the following note:
JOIST MANUFACTURER SHALL DESIGN FOR THE LOADING SHOWN IN THE LOAD DIAGRAM.
ASD EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1 *
M = 625 in.-kip (70.6 kN-m)
1000 lbs (4.45 kN)
8.0 ft
(2438 mm)
EXAMPLE 3 *
W = 240 plf (3503 N/m)
LRFD FACTORED LOADS
L = 40.0 ft (12192 mm)

W=750 plf
(10945 N/m)
450
RL
Design Length)
RR
RL=5600 lbs (24.9 kN), RR=5000 lbs (22.2 kN)

R = 6600 lbs (29.3 kN)
M = 4365 in.-kip (493.2 kN-m)

RL = RR = 21000 lbs (93.41 kN)
EXCEEDS CAPACITY OF 30KCS5 (MAXIMUM KCS JOIST
AND EXCEEDS MAXIMUM FACTORED UNIFORM LOAD OF
825 plf (12040 N/m).
Since a standard KCS Joist can be selected from the load

table a load diagram is not required.
* Errata corrections posted by SJI 12/04/2006.
OPTION A: Use double joists each having a minimum

moment capacity M = 2183 in.-kip (246.65 kN-m) and shear
capacity R = 10500 lbs (46.71 kN) and a uniform load of 600
plf (8756 N/m).
Select two 28KCS5, M = 2556 in.-kip (288.7 kN-m),
R = 13800 lbs (61.3 kN).
61

EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3 *
300 lbs (1.33 kN)
800 lbs(3.56 kN)
W = 160 plf (2335 N/m)
500 lbs (2.22 kN)
W = 270 plf (3940 N/m)

8 ft
3.0 ft
2438 mm
7.0 ft
914 mm
2134 mm
M = 2910 in.-kip (328.8 kN-m)
9.0 ft (2743 mm)
RL = RR = 14000 lbs (62.28 kN)
L = 30 ft (9144 mm)
RL
RR
M = 443 in.-kip (50.1 kN-m)

RL= 5000 lbs (22.24 kN), RR = 5340 lbs (23.75 kN)
R = 5900 lbs (26.2 kN)
Since the maximum uniform load of 430 plf [6275 N/m) (270
plf (3940 N/m) + 160 plf (2335 N/m)] does not exceed the
maximum KCS Joist uniform load of 550 plf (8020 N/m) and
a standard KCS Joist can be selected from the load table, a
load diagram is not required.
EXCEEDS CAPACITY OF 30KCS5 (MAXIMUM KCS JOIST)

AND EXCEEDS MAXIMUM UNIFORM LOAD OF 550 plf
(8027 N/m).
OPTION A: Use double joists each having a minimum moment
capacity M = 1455 in.-kip (164.4 kN-m) and shear capacity
R = 7000 lbs (31.14 kN) and a uniform load of 400 plf (5838
N/m).
Select two 28KCS5, M = 1704 in.-kip (192.5 kN-m), R = 9200
lbs (40.9 kN)
Bridging section no. 12 for L = 55 ft. (16764 mm) Use 28K12 to
determine bridging and stability requirements.
OPTION B: Select an LH-Series Joist. Calculate an equivalent
uniform load based on the maximum moment or shear:
WM = 8M
L2
= 641 plf (9.35 kN/m)
2R
L
= 509 plf (7.43 kN/m)
WV =
Use 641 plf (9.35 kN/m)

From the LH-Series ASD Load Table select a 32LH13, W = 690
plf (10.06 kN/m) for a 55 ft. (16764 mm) clear span. Specify
a 32LH13SP and present a load diagram on the structural
drawings with the following note:
JOIST MANUFACTURER SHALL DESIGN FOR THE LOADING SHOWN IN THE LOAD DIAGRAM.
62
LRFD
STANDARD LOAD TABLE FOR KCS OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
JOIST
DESIGNATION
DEPTH
(inches)
MOMENT
CAPACITY
(inch-kips)
SHEAR
CAPACITY*
(lbs)
APPROX.
WEIGHT**
(lbs/ft)
GROSS
MOMENT OF
INERTIA (in. 4 )
10KCS1
10KCS2
10KCS3
12KCS1
12KCS2
12KCS3
14KCS1
14KCS2
14KCS3
16KCS2
16KCS3
16KCS4
16KCS5
18KCS2
18KCS3
18KCS4
18KCS5
20KCS2
20KCS3
20KCS4
20KCS5
22KCS2
22KCS3
22KCS4
22KCS5
24KCS2
24KCS3
24KCS4
24KCS5
26KCS2
26KCS3
26KCS4
26KCS5
28KCS2
28KCS3
28KCS4
28KCS5
30KCS3
30KCS4
30KCS5
10
10
10
12
12
12
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
20
20
20
20
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
26
26
26
26
28
28
28
28
30
30
30
258
337
444
313
411
543
370
486
642
523
705
1080
1401
592
798
1225
1593
663
892
1371
1786
732
987
1518
1978
801
1080
1662
2172
870
1174
1809
2364
939
1269
1954
2556
1362
2100
2749
3000
3750
4500
3600
4500
5250
4350
5100
5850
6000
7200
7950
8700
7050
7800
8550
9300
7800
9000
11850
12600
8850
9900
11850
12900
9450
10800
12600
13350
9900
11700
12750
13800
10350
12000
12750
13800
12000
12750
13800
6.0
7.5
10.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
6.5
8.0
10.0
8.5
10.5
14.5
18.0
9.0
11.0
15.0
18.5
9.5
11.5
16.5
20.0
10.0
12.5
16.5
20.5
10.0
12.5
16.5
20.5
10.0
12.5
16.5
20.5
10.5
12.5
16.5
20.5
13.0
16.5
21.0
29
37
47
43
55
71
59
77
99
99
128
192
245
127
164
247
316
159
205
308
396
194
251
377
485
232
301
453
584
274
355
536
691
320
414
626
808
478
722
934
BRIDGING
TABLE
SECTION
NUMBER
1
1
1
3
5
5
4
6
6
6
9
9
9
6
9
10
10
6
9
10
10
6
9
11
11
6
9
12
12
6
9
12
12
6
9
12
12
9
12
12
*MAXIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD CAPACITY IS 825 PLF AND SINGLE CONCENTRATED LOAD CANNOT
EXCEED SHEAR CAPACITY
**DOES NOT INCLUDE ACCESSORIES
63
ASD
STANDARD LOAD TABLE FOR KCS OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
JOIST
DESIGNATION
DEPTH
(inches)
MOMENT
CAPACITY*
(inch-kips)
SHEAR
CAPACITY*
(lbs)
APPROX.
WEIGHT**
(lbs/ft)
GROSS
MOMENT OF
INERTIA (in. 4 )
10KCS1
10KCS2
10KCS3
12KCS1
12KCS2
12KCS3
14KCS1
14KCS2
14KCS3
16KCS2
16KCS3
16KCS4
16KCS5
18KCS2
18KCS3
18KCS4
18KCS5
20KCS2
20KCS3
20KCS4
20KCS5
22KCS2
22KCS3
22KCS4
22KCS5
24KCS2
24KCS3
24KCS4
24KCS5
26KCS2
26KCS3
26KCS4
26KCS5
28KCS2
28KCS3
28KCS4
28KCS5
30KCS3
30KCS4
30KCS5
10
10
10
12
12
12
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
20
20
20
20
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
26
26
26
26
28
28
28
28
30
30
30
172
225
296
209
274
362
247
324
428
349
470
720
934
395
532
817
1062
442
595
914
1191
488
658
1012
1319
534
720
1108
1448
580
783
1206
1576
626
846
1303
1704
908
1400
1833
2000
2500
3000
2400
3000
3500
2900
3400
3900
4000
4800
5300
5800
4700
5200
5700
6200
5200
6000
7900
8400
5900
6600
7900
8600
6300
7200
8400
8900
6600
7800
8500
9200
6900
8000
8500
9200
8000
8500
9200
6.0
7.5
10.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
6.5
8.0
10.0
8.5
10.5
14.5
18.0
9.0
11.0
15.0
18.5
9.5
11.5
16.5
20.0
10.0
12.5
16.5
20.5
10.0
12.5
16.5
20.5
10.0
12.5
16.5
20.5
10.5
12.5
16.5
20.5
13.0
16.5
21.0
29
37
47
43
55
71
59
77
99
99
128
192
245
127
164
247
316
159
205
308
396
194
251
377
485
232
301
453
584
274
355
536
691
320
414
626
808
478
722
934
BRIDGING
TABLE
SECTION
NUMBER
1
1
1
3
5
5
4
6
6
6
9
9
9
6
9
10
10
6
9
10
10
6
9
11
11
6
9
12
12
6
9
12
12
6
9
12
12
9
12
12
*MAXIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD CAPACITY IS 550 PLF AND SINGLE CONCENTRATED LOAD CANNOT
EXCEED SHEAR CAPACITY
**DOES NOT INCLUDE ACCESSORIES
64
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SJI-LH/DLH-1.1
FOR LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES AND
DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute February 15, 1978
SECTION 100.
SECTION 102.
SCOPE
MATERIALS

Longspan Steel Joists LH-Series, and Deep Longspan Steel
Joists, DLH-Series. Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) and Allowable Strength Design (ASD) are included in
this specification.
102.1 STEEL
The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web sections shall conform to one of the following ASTM
Specifications:
SECTION 101.
DEFINITION
The term Longspan Steel Joists LH-Series and Deep
Longspan Steel Joists DLH-Series, as used herein, refers to
open web, load-carrying members utilizing hot-rolled or
cold-formed steel, including cold-formed steel whose yield
strength* has been attained by cold working. LH-Series are
suitable for the direct support of floors and roof decks in
buildings, and DLH-Series are suitable for direct support of
roof decks in buildings.
The design of LH- and DLH-Series joist chord and web sections shall be based on a yield strength of at least 36 ksi (250
MPa), but not greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Steel used for
LH- and DLH-Series joist chord or web sections shall have
a minimum yield strength determined in accordance with
one of the procedures specified in Section 102.2, which is
equal to the yield strength assumed in the design. LH- and
DLH-Series Joists shall be designed in accordance with
these specifications to support the loads given in the
Standard Load Tables for Longspan and Deep Longspan
Steel Joists, LH- and DLH-Series, attached hereto.
* The term Yield Strength as used herein shall designate the yield level of a material as determined by the
applicable method outlined in paragraph 13.1, Yield
Point and in paragraph 13.2, Yield Strength, of
ASTM Standard A370, Standard Test Methods and
Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products,
or as specified in Section 102.2 of this Specification.
Standard Specifications and Load Tables, Longspan

Steel Joists LH-Series And Deep Longspan Steel
Joist DLH-Series
Steel Joist Institute - Copyright, 2005
High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM

A242/A242M.
Quality ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50.
Steel, ASTM A572/A572M Grade 42 or 50.
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi
(345 MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 inches (100 mm)
Thick, ASTM A588/A588M.
Improved Formability, ASTM A1008/A1008M
with Improved Formability, ASTM A1011/A1011M
or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to other
than the listed specifications, provided that such material in
the state used for final assembly and manufacture is weldable
and is proved by tests performed by the producer or manufacturer to have the properties specified in Section 102.2.

prescribed in Section 103 shall be at least 36 ksi (250 MPa),
but shall not be greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Evidence that
the steel furnished meets or exceeds the design yield
strength shall, if requested, be provided in the form of an
affidavit or by witnessed or certified test reports.
taken from as-rolled material. In the case of material, the
mechanical properties of which conform to the requirements
of one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and
65
LONGSPAN AND DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS LH- AND DLH-SERIES

procedures shall conform to those of such specifications
and to ASTM A370.
In the case of material, the mechanical properties of which
do not conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall conform
to the applicable requirements of ASTM A370, and the specimens shall exhibit a yield strength equal to or exceeding the
design yield strength and an elongation of not less than (a)
20 percent in 2 inches (51 millimeters) for sheet and strip, or
(b) 18 percent in 8 inches (203 millimeters) for plates, shapes
and bars with adjustments for thickness for plates, shapes
and bars as prescribed in ASTM A36/A36M, A242/A242M,
A529/A529M, A572/A572M, A588/A588M, whichever specification is applicable on the basis of design yield strength.
for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM A606, A1008/A1008M
and A1011/A1011M for sheet and strip.
If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall show the
results of tests performed on full section specimens in accordance with the provisions of the AISI North American
Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural
Members. They shall also indicate compliance with these provisions and with the following additional requirements:
a) The yield strength calculated from the test data shall equal
or exceed the design yield strength.
b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and control
purposes, the tensile strength shall be at least 6 percent
greater than the yield strength of the section.
shortening of 2 percent of its original length without cracking. The length of the specimen shall be not greater than
20 times its least radius of gyration.
d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements of subparagraphs (a), (b), or (c) above, as applicable, two retests
shall be made of specimens from the same lot. Failure of
one of the retest specimens to meet such requirements
shall be the cause for rejection of the lot represented by the
specimens.
102.3 WELDING ELECTRODES

The following electrodes shall be used for arc welding:
a) For connected members both having a specified yield
strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa).
AWS A5.1:
AWS A5.5:
AWS A5.17:
combination
AWS A5.18:
AWS A5.20:
AWS A5.23:
AWS A5.28:
AWS A5.29:
E70XX
E70XX-X
F7XX-EXXX, F7XX-ECXXX flux electrode
ER70S-X, E70C-XC, E70C-XM
E7XT-X, E7XT-XM
F7XX-EXXX-XX, F7XX-ECXXX-XX
ER70S-XXX, E70C-XXX
E7XTX-X, E7XTX-XM
b) For connected members both having a specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa) or one having a
specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa),
and the other having a specified minimum yield strength
greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa).
AWS A5.1: E60XX
AWS A5.17: F6XX-EXXX, F6XX-ECXXX flux electrode
combination
AWS A5.20: E6XT-X, E6XT-XM
AWS A5.29: E6XTX-X, E6XT-XM
or any of those listed in Section 102.3(a).
Other welding methods, providing equivalent strength as
demonstrated by tests, may be used.
102.4 PAINT
The standard shop paint is intended to protect the steel for only
a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions
and shall be considered an impermanent and provisional coating.
When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to one
of the following:
No. 15
SECTION 103.
DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURE
103.1 METHOD
Joists shall be designed in accordance with these specifications as simply supported, uniformly loaded trusses supporting
a floor or roof deck so constructed as to brace the top chord
of the joists against lateral buckling. Where any applicable
design feature is not specifically covered herein, the design
shall be in accordance with the following specifications:
a) Where the steel used consists of hot-rolled shapes, bars
or plates, use the American Institute of Steel
Construction, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.
b) For members that are cold-formed from sheet or strip
steel, use the American Iron and Steel Institute, North
American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed
Steel Structural Members.
Design Basis:
Load Combinations:
LRFD:
When load combinations are not specified to the joist
manufacturer, the required stress shall be computed for the
66

factored loads based on the factors and load combinations
as follows:
1.4D

For members with
Kl
1.2D + 1.6 (L, or Lr, or S, or R)

ASD:
4.71
r
E
QFy
QF
y
When load combinations are not specified to the joist manufacturer, the required stress shall be computed based on
the load combinations as follows:
Fcr = Q 0.658
D
For members with
D + (L, or Lr, or S, or R)
Fe
Kl
Fy
> 4.71
r
(103.2-3)
E
QFy
Where:
Fcr = 0.877Fe
(103.2-4)

Lr = roof live load
Where, Fe = elastic buckling stress determined in accordance with Equation 103.2-5.
S = snow load
Fe =
E2
(103.2-5)
Kl
When special loads are specified and the specifying professional does not provide the load combinations, the provisions of ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
Other Structures shall be used for LRFD and ASD load
combinations.

(103.2-6)
(103.2-7)

required stresses, fu, shall not exceed Fn where,
In the above equations, l is taken as the distance in inches (millimeters) between panel points for the chord members and the appropriate length for web members, and r is
the corresponding least radius of gyration of the member
or any component thereof. E is equal to 29,000 ksi
(200,000 MPa).
fu
required stress
ksi (MPa)
Fn
nominal stress
ksi (MPa)
resistance factor
Fn
design stress

required stresses, f, shall not exceed Fn / where,
f
required stress
ksi (MPa)
Fn
nominal stress
ksi (MPa)
safety factor
Fn / =

member when a moment-resistant weld group is not
used for this member; where = rx member radius of gyration in the plane of the joist.
For cold-formed sections the method of calculating the
nominal column strength is given in the AISI, North
allowable stress
Stresses:
(a) Tension: t = 0.90 (LRFD) t = 1.67 (ASD)
(103.2-1)
(103.2-2)
67

103.3 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIOS

section modulus.
Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa)
(103.2-8)
(103.2-9)
The effective slenderness ratio, K l/r*, to be used in calculating the nominal stresses Fcr and F'e, is the largest value as
determined from Table 103.3-1, Parts B and C.
(103.2-10)
In compression members when fillers or ties are used, they

shall be spaced so that the ls /r z ratio of each component
does not exceed the governing l/r ratio of the member as a
whole.
(103.2-11)
The terms used in Table 103.3-1 are defined as follows:

For bearing plates:

Fy = 50 ksi (345MPa), or Fy = 36 ksi (250MPa)
(103.2-12)
(103.2-13)
(d) Weld Strength:

Shear at throat of fillet welds:
Nominal Shear Stress = Fnw = 0.6Fexx
Design Shear Strength =
Rn = wFnw A = 0.45Fexx A
(103.2-15)
ASD: w = 2.0
Allowable Shear Strength =
Rn/ w = FnwA/ w = 0.3Fexx A
l = Length center-to-center of panel points, except l = 36 in.

(914 mm) for calculating l/r y of top chord member.
ls = maximum length center-to-center between panel
point and filler (tie), or between adjacent fillers (ties).

rx = member radius of gyration in the plane of the joist.
ry = member radius of gyration out of the plane of the joist.
rz = least radius of gyration of a member component.
(103.2-14)
LRFD: w = 0.75
(103.2-16)
A = effective throat area

Made with E70 series electrodes or F7XX-EXXX fluxelectrode combinations. . . . . . . . . . .Fexx = 70 ksi (483 MPa)
Made with E60 series electrodes or F6XX-EXXX fluxelectrode combinations. . . . . . . . . . .Fexx = 60 ksi (414 MPa)
Tension or compression on groove or butt welds shall be
the same as those specified for the connected material.
68
The slenderness ratios, 1.0 l/ r and 1.0 ls /r of members as a

whole or any component part shall not exceed the values
given in Table 103.3-1, Parts A.
* See P.N. Chod and T. V. Galambos, Compression

Chords Without Fillers in Longspan Steel Joists,
Research Report No. 36, June 1975 Structural
Division, Civil Engineering Department, Washington
University, St. Louis, MO.

TABLE 103.3-1
MAXIMUM AND EFFECTIVE SLENDERNESS RATIOS
I
TOP CHORD INTERIOR PANEL

A. The slenderness ratios, 1.0 l/r and 1.0 ls /r, of members as a whole or any component part shall not exceed 90.
B. The effective slenderness ratio to determine Fcr
1. With fillers or ties
0.75 l/rx
1.0 l/ry
1.0 ls /rz
2. Without fillers or ties
0.75 l/rz
3. Single component members
0.75 l/rx
1.0 l/ry
C. The effective slenderness ratio to determine F'e
0.75 l/rx
0.75 l/rx
0.75 l/rx
II TOP CHORD END PANEL

1.0 l/rx
1.0 l/ry
1.0 ls /rz
1.0 l/rz
1.0 l/rx
1.0 l/ry
C. The effective slenderness ratio to determine F'e
1.0 l/rx
1.0 l/rx
1.0 l/rx
III TENSION MEMBERS - CHORDS AND WEBS
IV COMPRESSION WEB MEMBERS
0.75 l/rx
1.0 l/ry
1.0 ls /rz
1.0 l/rz
0.75 l/rx*
1.0 l/ry
* Use 1.2 l/rx for a crimped, first primary compression web member when a moment-resistant weld group is
not used for this member.
69

Where l is the panel length,in inches (millimeters),
as defined in Section 103.2(b) and rx is the radius
of gyration about the axis of bending.
103.4 MEMBERS
(a) Chords
tension member.
The radius of gyration of the top chord about its vertical
axis shall not be less than l/170 where l is the spacing in
inches (millimeters) between lines of bridging as specified in Section 104.5(d)
The top chord shall be considered as stayed laterally by
the floor slab or roof deck provided the requirements of
Section 104.9(e) of this specification are met.
Q = Form factor defined in Section 103.2(b)

A = Area of the top chord, in.2, (mm2)
For ASD:
at the panel point:
fa + fb
at the mid panel:
The top chord shall be designed as a continuous member subject to combined axial and bending stresses and
shall be so proportioned that
fa 8
+
Fa 9
For LRFD:
at the panel point:
fau + fbu
at the mid panel:
8
fau
+
cFcr 9
for
fau
cFcr
0.9Fy
Q bFy
1.0
(103.4-2)
fa
+
2Fa
Cmfb

QFb
fa
Fa
< 0.2,
Cmfb
1.67fa
1
F'e
(103.4-4)
0.2,
1.67fa
1
F'e
for
Cmfbu
fau
1 F'
c e
fa
Fa
for
(103.4-1)
0.2,
0.6Fy

QFb
1.0 (103.4-5)
1.0 (103.4-6)
fa = P/A = Required compressive stress, ksi (MPa)

for
fau
+
2 c Fcr
fau
cFcr
fb = M/S = Required bending stress at the location under

consideration, ksi (MPa)
Cmfbu
fau
1
cF'e
P = Required axial strength using ASD load

combinations, kips (N)
< 0.2,
Q bFy
1.0
(103.4-3)
fau = Pu /A = Required compressive stress, ksi (MPa)
Fa = Allowable axial compressive stress, based on l/r

as defined in Section 103.2(b), ksi (MPa)
Pu = Required axial strength using LRFD load combinations,

kips (N)
Fb = Allowable bending stress; 0.6Fy, ksi (MPa)
fbu = Mu/S = Required bending stress at the location

under consideration, ksi (MPa)
Mu = Required flexural strength using LRFD load
Fcr = Nominal axial compressive stress in ksi (MPa)
based on l/r as defined in Section 103.2(b)
Cm = 1 - 0.3 fau/F'e for end panels
Cm = 1 - 0.4 fau/F'e for interior panels
Fy = Specified minimum yield strength, ksi (MPa)
2
E , ksi (MPa)
F'e =
Kl
2
rx
70
M = Required flexural strength using ASD load

Cm = 1 - 0.50 fa/F'e for end panels

Cm = 1 - 0.67 fa/F'e for interior panels
(b) Web
members shall be determined from full uniform loading,
but such vertical shears shall be not less than 25 percent
of the end reaction.
type web systems shall be designed to resist the gravity
loads supported by the member plus an additional axial
load of 1/2 of 1.0 percent of the top chord axial force.

(c) Depth
Joists may have either parallel chords or a top chord slope
of 1/8 inch per foot (1:96). The depth, for the purpose of
design, in all cases shall be the depth at mid-span.
(d) Eccentricity
Members connected at a joint shall have their center of
gravity lines meet at a point, if practical. Eccentricity on
either side of the neutral axis of chord members may be
neglected when it does not exceed the distance between
the neutral axis and the back of the chord. Otherwise,
provision shall be made for the stresses due to eccentricity. Ends of joists shall be proportioned to resist
bending produced by eccentricity at the support.
In those cases where a single angle compression member is attached to the outside of the stem of a tee or double angle chord, due consideration shall be given to
eccentricity.
(e) Extended Ends
Extended top chords or full depth cantilever ends require
the special attention of the specifying professional. The
magnitude and location of the loads to be supported,
deflection requirements, and proper bracing shall be
clearly indicated on the structural drawings.
103.5 CONNECTIONS
(a) Methods
Joist connections and splices shall be made by
attaching the members to one another by arc or resistance
welding or other accredited methods.
manufacturer. Prior to this inspection, weld slag
shall be removed.
(3) Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See Section

104.13 of this specification).
Section 103.5(a)(1). Ultrasonic, X-Ray, and magnetic
particle testing are inappropriate for joists due to the
configurations of the components and welds.
(b) Strength
(1) Joint Connections Joint connections shall develop
the maximum force due to any of the design loads, but
not less than 50 percent of the strength of the member in tension or compression, whichever force is the
controlling factor in the selection of the member.
(2) Shop Splices - Shop splices may occur at any point
in chord or web members. Splices shall be designed
for the member force but not less than 50 percent of
the member strength. Members containing a butt
weld splice shall develop an ultimate tensile force of
at least 57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of
the chord or web. The term member shall be
defined as all component parts comprising the chord
or web, at the point of splice.
(c) Field Splices
Field Splices shall be designed by the manufacturer and
may be either bolted or welded. Splices shall be
designed for the member force, but not less than 50 percent of the member strength.
103.6 CAMBER
Joists shall have approximate cambers in accordance with
the following:
TABLE 103.6-1
Top Chord Length
20'-0"
(6096 mm)
Approximate Camber
1/4"
(6 mm)
30'-0"
(9144 mm)
3/8"
(10 mm)
40'-0"
(12192 mm)
5/8"
(16 mm)
50'-0"
(15240 mm)
1"
(25 mm)
60'-0"
(18288 mm)
1 1/2"
(38 mm)
70'-0"
(21336 mm)
2"
(51 mm)

80'-0"
(24384 mm)
2 3/4"
(70 mm)
90'-0"
(27432 mm)
3 1/2"
(89 mm)
f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity diameters

shall not exceed 1/16 inch (2 millimeters) in any 1
inch (25 millimeters) of design weld length.
100'-0"
(30480 mm)
4 1/4"
(108 mm)
110'-0"
(33528 mm)
5"
(127 mm)
120'-0"
(36576 mm)
6"
(152 mm)
130'-0"
(39621 mm)
7"
(178 mm)
140'-0"
(42672 mm)
8"
(203 mm)
144'-0"
(43890 mm)
8 1/2"
(216 mm)
c) Thorough fusion shall exist between layers of weld

metal and between weld metal and base metal for
the required design length of the weld; such fusion
shall be verified by visual inspection.
g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with paint coverage is acceptable.
(2) Welding Program
weld sampling and testing.
The specifying professional shall give consideration to coordinating joist camber with adjacent framing.
71

Companies manufacturing any LH- or DLH-Series Joists
shall submit design data to the Steel Joist Institute (or an
independent agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute)
for verification of compliance with the SJI Specifications.
(b) In-Plant Inspections
LH- and DLH-Series Joists through periodic In-Plant
Inspections. Inspections shall be performed by an independent agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute.
The frequency, manner of inspection, and manner of
reporting shall be determined by the Steel Joist Institute.
The plant inspections are not a guarantee of the quality
of any specific joists; this responsibility lies fully and solely with the individual manufacturer.
SECTION 104.
APPLICATION
104.1 USAGE
This specification shall apply to any type of structure where
floors and roofs are to be supported directly by steel joists
installed as hereinafter specified. Where joists are used
other than on simple spans under uniformly distributed loading as prescribed in Section 103.1, they shall be investigated and modified if necessary to limit the required stresses to
those listed in Section 103.2.
CAUTION: If a rigid connection of the bottom chord is to be
made to a column or other support, it shall be made only after
the application of the dead loads. The joist is then no longer
simply supported, and the system must be investigated for
continuous frame action by the specifying professional.
plates shall be shown on the structural drawings by the specifying professional. The moment plates shall be furnished by
104.2 SPAN
The clear span of a joist shall not exceed 24 times its depth.
The term Span as used herein is defined as the clear span
plus 8 inches (203 millimeters).
104.3 DEPTH
The nominal depth of sloping chord joists shall be the depth at
mid-span. The standard slope of the top chord shall be 1/8
inch per foot (1:96).
104.4 END SUPPORTS

LH- and DLH-Series Joists supported by masonry or
concrete are to bear on steel bearing plates and shall be
designed as steel bearing. Due consideration of the end
72
reactions and all other vertical and lateral forces shall be

taken by the specifying professional in the design of the
steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete. The ends
of LH- and DLH-Series Joists shall extend a distance of not
less than 6 inches (152 millimeters) over the masonry or
concrete support and be anchored to the steel bearing
plate. The plate shall be located not more than 1/2 inch (13
millimeters) from the face of the wall and shall be not less
than 9 inches (229 millimeters) wide perpendicular to the
length of the joist. The plate is to be designed by the specifying professional and shall be furnished by other than the
joist manufacturer.
specifying professional. The joists must bear a minimum 4
inches (102 millimeters) on the steel bearing plate.
(b) Steel
professional in the design of the steel support.
The ends of LH- or DLH-Series Joists shall extend a distance of not less than 4 inches (102 millimeters) over the
steel supports. Where it is deemed necessary to butt
opposite joists over a narrow steel support with bearing
less than that noted above, special ends must be specified, and such ends shall have positive attachment to the
support, either by bolting or welding.
104.5 BRIDGING
Top and bottom chord bridging is required and shall consist
of one or both of the following types.
(a) Horizontal
Horizontal bridging lines shall consist of continuous horizontal steel members. The l/r of the bridging member
shall not exceed 300, where l is the distance in inches
(millimeters) between attachments and r is the least
radius of gyration of the bridging member.
(b) Diagonal
Diagonal bridging shall consist of cross-bracing with a l/r
ratio of not more than 200, where l is the distance in
inches (millimeters) between connections, and r is the
least radius of gyration of the bridging member. Where
cross-bracing members are connected at their point of
intersection, the l distance shall be taken as the distance
in inches (millimeters) between connections at the point
of intersection of the bridging members and the connections to the chord of the joists.
(c) Bridging Lines
For spans up through 60 feet (18288 mm), welded horizontal bridging may be used except where the row of bridging

nearest the center is required to be bolted diagonal bridging
as indicated by the Red shaded area in the Load Table. For
spans over 60 feet (18288 mm) bolted diagonal bridging
shall be used as indicated by the Blue and Gray shaded
areas of the Load Table.
The maximum spacing of lines of top chord bridging shall

not exceed the values in Table 104.5-1. The number of
rows of bottom chord bridging, including bridging required
per Section 104.12, shall not be less than the number of
top chord rows. Rows of bottom chord bridging are permitted to be spaced independently of rows of top chord
bridging. The spacing of rows of bottom chord bridging
shall meet the slenderness requirement of Section 103.4(a)
and any specified strength requirements.
Table 104.5-1
MAX. SPACING
OF LINES OF
TOP CHORD
BRIDGING
104.7 END ANCHORAGE

(d) Quantity and Spacing
LH-DLH
SECTION*
NUMBER
The ends of all bridging lines terminating at walls or beams

shall be anchored to resist the nominal force shown in Table
104.5-1.
NOMINAL**
HORIZONTAL
BRACING
FORCE
lbs
(N)
(1779)
Ends of LH- and DLH-Series Joists resting on steel bearing plates on masonry or structural concrete shall be
attached thereto with a minimum of two 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) fillet welds 2 inches (51 millimeters) long, or with
two 3/4 inch (19 millimeters) ASTM A307 bolts (minimum), or the equivalent.
(b) Steel
Ends of LH- and DLH-Series Joists resting on steel supports shall be attached thereto with a minimum of two
1/4 inch (6 millimeters) fillet welds 2 inches (51 millimeters) long, or with two 3/4 inch (19 millimeters) ASTM
A307 bolts, or the equivalent. When LH/DLH series joists
are used to provide lateral stability to the supporting
member, the final connection shall be made by welding or
as designated by the specifying professional.
(c) Uplift
Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof joists
shall be anchored to resist such forces (Refer to Section
104.12).
02,03,04
11'-0" (3352 mm)
400
05,06
12'-0" (3657 mm)
500
(2224)
07,08
13'-0" (3962 mm)
650
(2891)
09,10
14'-0" (4267 mm)
800
(3558)
11,12
16'-0" (4876 mm)
1000
(4448)
13,14
16'-0" (4876 mm)
1200
(5337)
15,16
21'-0" (6400 mm)
1600
(7117)
Joists shall be spaced so that the loading on each joist does

not exceed the design load (LRFD or ASD) for the particular
joist designation and span as shown in the applicable load
tables.
17
21'-0" (6400 mm)
1800
(8006)
104.9 FLOOR AND ROOF DECKS
18,19
26'-0" (7924 mm)
2000
(8896)
(a) Material
Number of lines of bridging is based on joist clear span dimensions.

* Last two digits of joist designation shown in load table.
** Nominal bracing force is unfactored.
(e) Connections
Connections to the chords of the steel joists shall be made
by positive mechanical means or by welding, and capable of
resisting a horizontal force not less than that specified in
Table 104.5-1.
(f) Bottom Chord Bearing Joists
Where bottom chord bearing joists are utilized, a row of
diagonal bridging shall be provided near the support(s). This
bridging shall be installed and anchored before the hoisting
cable(s) is released.
104.6 INSTALLATION OF BRIDGING

Bridging shall support the top and bottom chords against lateral movement during the construction period and shall hold the
steel joists in the approximate position as shown on the joist
placement plans.
104.8 JOIST SPACING
Floor and roof decks may consist of cast-in-place or precast concrete or gypsum, formed steel, wood, or other
suitable material capable of supporting the required load
at the specified joist spacing.
(b) Thickness
Cast-in-place slabs shall be not less than 2 inches (51
millimeters) thick.
(c) Centering
Centering for structural slabs may be ribbed metal lath,
corrugated steel sheets, paper-backed welded wire fabric,
removable centering or any other suitable material capable
of supporting the slab at the designated joist spacing.
Centering shall not cause lateral displacement or damage
to the top chord of joists during installation or removal of
the centering or placing of the concrete.
(d) Bearing
Slabs or decks shall bear uniformly along the top chords
of the joists.
73

104.10 DEFLECTION
(e) Attachments
The spacing of attachments along the top chord shall not
exceed 36 inches (914 millimeters). Such attachments
of the slab or deck to the top chords of joists shall be
capable of resisting the following forces:
Table 104.9-1
SECTION*
NUMBER
NOMINAL**
FORCE REQUIRED
02 to 04 incl.
120 lbs/ft (1.75 kN/m)
05 to 09 incl.
150 lbs/ft (2.19 kN/m)
10 to 17 incl.
200 lbs/ft (2.92 kN/m)
18 and 19
250 lbs/ft (3.65 kN/m)
* Last two digits of joist designation shown in the load table.

** Nominal force is unfactored.
(f) Wood Nailers

Where wood nailers are used, such nailers in conjunction
with deck or slab shall be firmly attached to the top
chords of the joists in conformance with Section 104.9(e).
(g) Joist with Standing Seam Roofing
The stiffness and strength of standing-seam roof clips
varies from one manufacturer to another. Therefore,
some roof systems cannot be counted on to provide lateral stability to the joists which support the roof.
Sufficient stability must be provided to brace the joists
laterally under the full design load. The compression
chord must resist the chord axial design force in the
plane of the joist (i.e., x-x axis buckling) and out of the
plane of the joist (i.e., y-y axis buckling). Out of plane
strength may be achieved by adjusting the bridging
spacing and/or increasing the compression chord area,
the joist depth, and the y-axis radius of gyration. The
effective slenderness ratio in the y-direction equals 0.94
L/ry; where L is the bridging spacing in inches (millimeters). The maximum bridging spacing may not exceed
that specified in Section 104.5(d).
Horizontal bridging members attached to the compression
chords and their anchorages must be designed for a compressive axial force of 0.0025nP, where n is the number of
joists between end anchors and P is the chord design
force in kips (Newtons). The attachment force between the
horizontal bridging member and the compression chord is
0.005P. Horizontal bridging attached to the tension chords
shall be proportioned so that the slenderness ratio
between attachments does not exceed 300. Diagonal
bridging shall be proportioned so that the slenderness
ratio between attachments does not exceed 200.
74
The deflection due to the design live load shall not exceed
the following:
or suspended.
effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection of joists.
Technical Digest #5, Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete
Slab Floors and the Institutes Computer Vibration
Program.
104.11 PONDING*
professional.
Technical Digest #3, Structural Design of Steel Joist
Roofs to Resist Ponding Loads and AISC Specifications.
104.12 UPLIFT
contract documents shall indicate if the net uplift is based on
ASD or LRFD. When these forces are specified, they must
be considered in the design of joists and/or bridging. A single line of bottom chord bridging must be provided near the
first bottom chord panel points whenever uplift due to wind
forces is a design consideration.*
Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads.
104.13 INSPECTION
Joists shall be inspected by the manufacturer before shipment to verify compliance of materials and workmanship
with the requirements of these specifications. If the purchaser wishes an inspection of the steel joists by someone
other than the manufacturers own inspectors, they may
reserve the right to do so in their Invitation to Bid or the
accompanying Job Specifications.
Arrangements shall be made with the manufacturer for such
shop inspection of the joists at the manufacturing shop by
the purchasers inspectors at purchasers expense.
104.14 PARALLEL CHORD SLOPED JOISTS

The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined by the
length along the slope. Minimum depth, load-carrying capacity, and bridging requirements shall be determined by the
sloped definition of span. The Load Table capacity shall be the
component normal to the joist.

SECTION 105.*
ERECTION STABILITY
AND HANDLING
When it is necessary for the erector to climb on the joists,
extreme caution must be exercised since unbridged joists
may exhibit some degree of instability under the erectors
weight.
(a) Stability Requirements
1) Before an employee is allowed on the steel joist:
BOTH ends of joists at columns (or joists designated
as column joists) shall be attached to its supports.
For all other joists a minimum of one end shall be
attached before the employee is allowed on the joist.
The attachment shall be in accordance with Section
104.7 End Anchorage.
When a bolted seat connection is used for erection
purposes, as a minimum, the bolts must be snug
tightened. The snug tight condition is defined as the
tightness that exists when all plies of a joint are in firm
contact. This may be attained by a few impacts of an
impact wrench or the full effort of an employee using
an ordinary spud wrench.
2) On steel joists that do not require erection bridging as
shown by the unshaded area of the Load Table, only
one employee shall be allowed on the joist unless all
bridging is installed and anchored.
3) Where the span of the steel joist is within the Red shaded
area of the Load Table, the following shall apply:
a) The row of bridging nearest the mid span of the steel
joist shall be bolted diagonal erection bridging; and
b) Hoisting cables shall not be released until this bolted diagonal erection bridging is installed and
anchored, unless an alternate method of stabilizing
the joist has been provided; and
c) No more than one employee shall be allowed on
anchored.
4) Where the span of the steel joist is within the Blue
shaded area of the Load Table, the following shall apply:
a) All rows of bridging shall be bolted diagonal bridging;
and
b) Hoisting cables shall not be released until the two
rows of bolted diagonal erection bridging nearest the
third points of the steel joist are installed and
anchored; and
c) No more than two employees shall be allowed on

anchored.
5) Where the span of the steel joist is in the Gray shaded
area of the Load Table, the following shall apply:
a) All rows of bridging shall be bolted diagonal bridging;
and
b) Hoisting cables shall not be released until all bridging
is installed and anchored; and
c) No more than two employees shall be allowed on
anchored.
6) When permanent bridging terminus points cannot be
used during erection, additional temporary bridging terminus points are required to provide lateral stability.
7) In the case of bottom chord bearing joists, the ends of
the joist must be restrained laterally per Section
104.5(f) before releasing the hoisting cables.
8) After the joist is straightened and plumbed, and all
bridging is completely installed and anchored, the ends
of the joists shall be fully connected to the supports in
accordance with Section 104.7- End Anchorage.
(b) Landing and Placing Loads
1) Except as stated in paragraph 105(b)(3) of this section,
no construction loads(1) are allowed on the steel joists
until all bridging is installed and anchored, and all joist
bearing ends are attached.
2) During the construction period, loads placed on the
joists shall be distributed so as not to exceed the capacity of the joists.
3) No bundle of deck may be placed on steel joists until all
bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist
bearing ends attached, unless the following conditions
are met:
a) The contractor has first determined from a qualified
person (2) and documented in a site specific erection plan that the structure or portion of structure is
capable of supporting the load;
b) The bundle of decking is placed on a minimum of 3
steel joists;
c) The joists supporting the bundle of decking are
d) At least one row of bridging is installed and
anchored;
e) The total weight of the decking does not exceed
4000 pounds (1816 kilograms); and
f) The edge of the bundle of decking shall be placed
within 1 foot (0.30 meters) of the bearing surface of
the joist end.
75

g) The edge of the construction load shall be placed
within 1 foot (0.30 meters) of the bearing surface
of the joist end.
(c) Field Welding
1) All field welding shall be performed in accordance
with contract documents. Field welding shall not
damage the joists.
2) On cold-formed members whose yield strength has
been attained by cold working, and whose as-formed
strength is used in the design, the total length of weld
at any one point shall not exceed 50 percent of the
overall developed width of the cold-formed section.
(1)
See Appendix E for definition of construction load.

A copy of the OSHA Steel Erection Standard
1926.757, Open Web Steel Joists, is included in
Appendix E for reference purposes.
(d) Handling
Particular attention should be paid to the erection of
Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists. Care shall
be exercised at all times to avoid damage to the joists
and accessories.
Each joist shall be adequately braced laterally before any
loads are applied. If lateral support is provided by bridging, the bridging lines as defined in Section 105(a), paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5, must be anchored to prevent lateral movement.
(e) Fall Arrest Systems
Steel joists shall not be used as anchorage points for a
fall arrest system unless written approval to do so is
obtained from a qualified person (2).
(2)
76

person.
LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES

Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute May 1, 2000 Revised to November 10, 2003 - Effective March 01, 2005
factored uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in
pounds per linear foot, of LRFD LH-Series Steel Joists. The
weight of factored DEAD loads, including the joists, must in all
cases be deducted to determine the factored LIVE load-carrying capacities of the joists. The approximate DEAD load of the
joists may be determined from the weights per linear foot
shown in the tables.
The RED figures in this load table are the unfactored, nominal
LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loads which will
produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may be obtained by
multiplying the RED figures by 1.5. In no case shall the TOTAL
load capacity of the joists be exceeded.
This load table applies to joists with either parallel chords or
standard pitched top chords. When top chords are pitched,
the carrying capacities are determined by the nominal depth
of the joists at the center of the span. Standard top chord
pitch is 1/8 inch per foot. If pitch exceeds this standard, the
load table does not apply. Sloped parallel-chord joists shall
use span as defined by the length along the slope.
Where the joist span is in the RED SHADED area of the load
table, the row of bridging nearest the midspan shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at chords and intersection. Hoisting cables shall not be released until this row of bolted diagonal bridging is completely installed.
Where the joist span is in the BLUE SHADED area of the
load table, all rows of bridging shall be diagonal bridging
with bolted connections at chords and intersection.
Hoisting cables shall not be released until the two rows of
bridging nearest the third points are completely installed.
Ij = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6 ), where WLL= RED figure in the Load
Table, and L = (clear span + 0.67) in feet.
When holes are required in top or bottom chords, the carrying
capacities must be reduced in proportion to the reduction of
chord areas.
The top chords are considered as being stayed laterally by
floor slab or roof deck.
LRFD
STANDARD LOAD TABLE FOR LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES
Joist
Designation
18LH02
Approx. Wt Depth
in Lbs. Per
in
Linear Ft
inches
(Joists only)
10
18
SAFE LOAD*
in Lbs.
Between
21-24
18000
18LH03
11
18
19950
18LH04
12
18
23250
18LH05
15
18
26250
18LH06
15
18
31050
18LH07
17
18
32250
18LH08
19
18
33600
18LH09
21
18
36000
20LH02
10
20
22-24
16950
20LH03
11
20
18000
20LH04
12
20
22050
20LH05
14
20
23700
20LH06
15
20
31650
20LH07
17
20
33750
20LH08
19
20
34800
20LH09
21
20
38100
20LH10
23
20
41100
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET

25
702
313
781
348
906
403
1026
454
1213
526
1260
553
1314
577
1404
616
25
663
306
703
337
861
428
924
459
1233
606
1317
647
1362
669
1485
729
1602
786
26
663
284
739
317
856
367
972
414
1123
469
1213
513
1264
534
1351
571
26
655
303
694
333
849
406
913
437
1186
561
1267
599
1309
619
1429
675
1542
724
27
627
259
700
289
802
329
921
378
1044
419
1170
476
1218
496
1302
527
27
646
298
687
317
837
386
903
416
1144
521
1221
556
1263
575
1377
626
1486
673
28
586
234
657
262
750
296
871
345
972
377
1089
428
1176
462
1257
491
28
615
274
678
302
792
352
892
395
1084
477
1179
518
1219
536
1329
581
1434
626
29
550
212
613
236
703
266
814
311
907
340
1017
386
1137
427
1215
458
29
582
250
651
280
744
320
856
366
1018
427
1140
484
1177
500
1284
542
1386
585
30
517
193
573
213
660
242
762
282
849
307
952
349
1075
387
1174
418
30
547
228
621
258
700
291
816
337
952
386
1066
438
1140
468
1242
507
1341
545
31
486
175
538
194
619
219
714
256
796
280
892
317
1020
351
1138
380
31
516
208
592
238
660
265
769
308
894
351
1000
398
1083
428
1203
475
1297
510
32
33
34
35
36
459 433 409 388 367
160 147 135 124 114
505 475 448 424 400
177 161 148 136 124
582 547 516 487 462
200 182 167 153 141
672 631 595 562 532
233 212 195 179 164
748 705 664 627 594
254 232 212 195 180
838 789 744 703 666
288 264 241 222 204
961 906 856 810 768
320 292 267 246 226
1069 1006 949 897 849
346 316 289 266 245
32
33
34
35
36
37
487 460 436 412 393 373
190 174 160 147 136 126
558 528 499 474 448 424
218 200 184 169 156 143
624 589 558 529 502 477
243 223 205 189 174 161
726 687 651 616 585 556
281 258 238 219 202 187
840 790 745 703 666 631
320 292 267 246 226 209
940 885 834 789 745 706
362 331 303 278 256 236
1030 981 931 882 837 795
395 365 336 309 285 262
1167 1132 1068 1009 954 904
437 399 366 336 309 285
1258 1221 1186 1122 1060 1005
479 448 411 377 346 320
38
355
117
403
133
454
149
529
173
598
192
670
218
754
242
858
264
954
296
39
337
108
382
123
433
139
504
161
568
178
637
202
718
225
816
244
906
274
40
322
101
364
114
412
129
481
150
541
165
606
187
685
209
775
227
862
254
Errata correction posted by SJI 06/29/2007.
77
LRFD
Joist
Designation
24LH03
Approx. Wt Depth
in Lbs. Per
in
Linear Ft.
inches
(Joists only)
11
24
SAFELOAD*
in Lbs.
Between
28-32
17250
24LH04
12
24
21150
24LH05
13
24
22650
24LH06
16
24
30450
24LH07
17
24
33450
24LH08
18
24
35700
24LH09
21
24
42000
24LH10
23
24
44400
24LH11
25
24
46800
28LH05
13
28
33-40
21000
28LH06
16
28
27900
28LH07
17
28
31500
28LH08
18
28
33750
28LH09
21
28
41550
28LH10
23
28
45450
28LH11
25
28
48750
28LH12
27
28
53550
28LH13
30
28
55800
32LH06
14
32
38-46 47-48
25050 25050
32LH07
16
32
28200 28200
32LH08
17
32
30600 30600
32LH09
21
32
38400 38400
32LH10
21
32
42450 42450
32LH11
24
32
46500 46500
32LH12
27
32
54600 54600
32LH13
30
32
60900 60900
32LH14
33
32
62700 62700
32LH15
35
32
64800 64800
36LH07
16
36
42-46 47-56
25200 25200
36LH08
18
36
27750 27750
36LH09
21
36
35550 35550
36LH10
21
36
39150 39150
36LH11
23
36
42750 42750
36LH12
25
36
51150 51150
36LH13
30
36
60150 60150
36LH14
36
36
66300 66300
36LH15
36
36
69900 69900
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET

33
513
235
628
288
673
308
906
411
997
452
1060
480
1248
562
1323
596
1390
624
41
505
219
672
289
757
326
810
348
1000
428
1093
466
1170
498
1285
545
1342
569
49
507
211
568
235
616
255
774
319
856
352
937
385
1101
450
1225
500
1264
515
1305
532
57
438
177
481
194
616
247
681
273
742
297
889
354
1045
415
1152
456
1213
480
34
508
226
597
265
669
297
868
382
957
421
1015
447
1212
530
1284
559
1350
588
42
484
205
643
270
726
305
775
325
958
400
1056
439
1143
475
1255
520
1311
543
50
489
199
549
223
595
242
747
302
825
332
903
363
1068
428
1201
480
1239
495
1279
511
58
424
168
466
185
597
235
660
260
720
283
862
338
1012
395
1132
434
1192
464
35
504
218
568
246
660
285
832
356
919
393
973
416
1177
501
1248
528
1312
555
43
465
192
618
253
696
285
744
305
918
375
1018
414
1104
448
1227
496
1281
518
51
472
189
529
211
574
229
720
285
796
315
870
343
1032
406
1177
461
1215
476
1255
492
59
411
160
453
176
579
224
639
248
697
269
835
322
981
376
1093
412
1171
448
Errata correction posted by SJI 02/16/2007.
78
36
484
204
540
227
628
264
795
331
882
367
933
388
1146
460
1213
500
1276
525
44
445
180
592
238
667
267
712
285
879
351
976
388
1066
423
1200
476
1252
495
52
456
179
511
200
553
216
694
270
768
297
840
325
996
384
1156
444
1192
458
1231
473
60
399
153
439
168
561
214
619
236
676
257
810
307
951
359
1059
392
1153
434
37
460
188
514
210
598
244
756
306
847
343
895
362
1096
424
1182
474
1243
498
45
429
169
568
223
640
251
684
268
844
329
937
364
1023
397
1173
454
1224
472
53
441
169
493
189
535
205
670
256
742
282
811
308
961
364
1113
420
1170
440
1207
454
61
387
146
426
160
544
204
601
225
657
246
784
292
922
342
1024
373
1116
413
38
439
175
490
195
570
226
720
284
811
320
858
338
1044
393
1152
439
1210
472
46
412
159
546
209
615
236
657
252
810
309
900
342
982
373
1149
435
1198
452
54
426
161
477
179
517
194
648
243
717
267
783
292
928
345
1072
397
1149
417
1186
438
62
376
140
414
153
528
195
583
215
637
234
762
279
894
327
991
356
1081
394
39
418
162
468
182
544
210
685
263
774
297
817
314
994
363
1105
406
1180
449
47
397
150
525
197
591
222
630
236
778
291
864
322
943
351
1105
408
1173
433
55
412
153
462
170
499
184
627
230
693
254
757
277
897
327
1035
376
1107
395
1164
422
63
366
134
402
146
513
186
567
206
618
224
739
267
868
312
961
339
1047
375
40
400
152
447
169
520
196
655
245
736
276
780
292
948
337
1053
378
1152
418
48
382
142
505
186
568
209
604
222
748
274
831
303
907
331
1063
383
1149
415
56
399
145
447
162
483
175
606
219
667
240
732
263
867
311
999
354
1069
374
1144
407
64
355
128
390
140
499
179
550
197
601
214
717
255
843
298
931
323
1015
358
41
42
43
44
382
366
351
336
141
132
124
116
427
409
393
376
158
148
138
130
496
475
456
436
182
171
160
150
625
598
571
546
228
211
197
184
702
669
639
610
257
239
223
208
745
712
682
652
272
254
238
222
903
861
822
786
313
292
272
254
1002 955
912
873
351
326
304
285
1101 1051 1006 963
388
361
337
315
49
50
51
52
367
355
342
330
133
126
119
113
486
469
451
436
175
166
156
148
547
528
508
490
197
186
176
166
580
556
535
516
209
196
185
175
721
694
669
645
258
243
228
216
799
769
742
715
285
269
255
241
873
841
810
781
312
294
278
263
1023 984
948
913
361
340
321
303
1126 1083 1041 1002
396
373
352
332
57
58
59
60
385
373
363
351
138
131
125
119
432
418
406
393
154
146
140
133
468
453
439
426
167
159
151
144
586
568
550
534
208
198
189
180
645
624
603
583
228
217
206
196
709
687
664
643
251
239
227
216
838
811
786
762
295
281
267
255
964
931
900
871
336
319
304
288
1032 997
964
933
355
337
321
304
1125 1087 1051 1017
393
374
355
338
65
66
67
68
345
336
327
318
122
117
112
107
379
369
358
349
134
128
123
118
484
471
459
445
171
163
157
150
535
520
507
492
188
180
173
165
583
567
552
537
205
196
188
180
696
675
655
636
243
232
222
213
819
796
774
753
285
273
262
251
903
876
850
826
309
295
283
270
984
955
927
900
342
327
312
299
45
322
109
361
122
420
141
522
172
583
195
625
208
751
238
834
266
924
294
53
319
107
421
140
474
158
496
165
622
204
690
228
753
249
880
285
964
314
61
340
114
381
127
412
137
517
172
564
186
624
206
738
243
843
275
903
290
984
322
69
310
103
340
113
433
144
480
159
522
173
618
204
732
240
802
259
874
286
46
310
102
346
114
403
132
501
161
559
182
600
196
720
223
799
249
885
276
54
309
102
406
133
457
150
478
156
601
193
666
215
727
236
849
270
930
297
62
330
108
370
121
400
131
502
164
546
178
604
196
715
232
816
262
874
276
952
306
70
301
99
331
109
423
138
466
152
508
166
600
195
712
231
780
247
850
274
47
298
96
333
107
387
124
480
152
535
171
576
184
690
209
766
234
850
259
55
298
97
393
126
442
142
462
148
580
183
643
204
702
223
819
256
897
281
63
321
104
360
116
388
125
487
157
529
169
585
187
694
221
790
249
846
264
924
292
71
294
95
322
104
412
133
454
146
495
159
583
187
694
222
757
237
826
263
48
286
90
321
101
372
117
460
142
514
161
553
173
661
196
735
220
816
243
56
289
92
379
120
427
135
445
140
561
173
622
193
679
212
790
243
865
266
64
312
99
349
111
378
120
472
149
513
162
567
179
673
211
766
238
820
251
895
279
72
286
91
313
100
400
127
442
140
483
153
567
179
676
213
738
228
804
252
LRFD
Joist
Designation
Approx. Wt
in Lbs. Per
Linear Ft.
Depth
in
inches
40LH08
(Joists Only)
16
40
SAFELOAD*
in Lbs.
Between
47-59 60-64
24900 24900
40LH09
21
40
32700 32700
40LH10
21
40
36000 36000
40LH11
22
40
39300 39300
40LH12
25
40
47850 47850
40LH13
30
40
56400 56400
40LH14
35
40
64500 64500
40LH15
36
40
72150 72150
40LH16
42
40
79500 79500
44LH09
19
44
52-59 60-72
30000 30000
44LH10
21
44
33150 33150
44LH11
22
44
35850 35850
44LH12
25
44
44400 44400
44LH13
30
44
52650 52650
44LH14
31
44
60600 60600
44LH15
36
44
70500 70500
44LH16
42
44
81300 81300
44LH17
47
44
87300 87300
48LH10
21
48
56-59 60-80
30000 30000
48LH11
22
48
32550 32550
48LH12
25
48
41100 41100
48LH13
29
48
49200 49200
48LH14
32
48
58050 58050
48LH15
36
48
66750 66750
48LH16
42
48
76950 76950
48LH17
47
48
86400 86400
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET

65
381
150
498
196
550
216
598
234
729
285
859
334
984
383
1101
427
1212
469
73
408
158
450
174
487
188
603
232
715
275
823
315
958
366
1105
421
1185
450
81
369
141
399
152
504
191
603
228
712
269
817
308
943
355
1059
397
66
370
144
484
188
535
207
582
224
708
273
835
320
957
367
1068
408
1194
455
74
397
152
439
168
475
181
589
224
699
265
801
302
934
352
1078
405
1170
438
82
361
136
390
147
493
185
589
221
696
260
799
298
922
343
1035
383
67
361
138
472
180
520
198
567
215
688
261
813
307
930
351
1036
390
1176
441
75
388
146
429
162
465
175
574
215
681
254
780
291
912
339
1051
390
1153
426
83
354
132
382
142
483
179
576
213
681
251
781
287
901
331
1012
371
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
351
342
333
325
316
309
301
132
127
122
117
112
108
104
459
447
436
424
414
403
394
173
166
160
153
147
141
136
507
493
481
469
457
445
435
190
183
176
169
162
156
150
552
537
523
510
498
484
472
207
198
190
183
176
169
163
670
652
636
619
603
588
573
251
241
231
222
213
205
197
792
771
750
730
712
694
676
295
283
271
260
250
241
231
904
880
856
834
813
792
772
336
323
309
297
285
273
263
1006 978
949
924
898
874
850
373
357
342
328
315
302
290
1158 1141 1126 1095 1065 1036 1009
428
416
404
387
371
356
342
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
379
370
363
354
346
339
331
141
136
131
127
122
118
114
418
408
399
390
381
373
364
155
150
144
139
134
130
125
453
442
433
423
414
403
396
168
162
157
151
146
140
136
561
547
534
520
508
496
484
207
200
192
185
179
172
166
666
649
634
619
606
592
579
246
236
228
220
212
205
198
759
739
721
703
685
669
654
279
268
259
249
240
231
223
889
868
847
826
805
786
768
326
314
303
292
281
271
261
1026 1002 978
955
933
912
891
375
362
348
336
324
313
302
1138 1125 1098 1072 1048 1024 1000
415
405
390
376
363
351
338
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
346
339
331
325
318
312
306
127
123
119
116
112
108
105
373
366
358
351
343
337
330
137
133
129
125
120
117
113
472
462
451
442
433
424
415
173
167
161
156
151
147
142
564
552
540
529
517
507
498
206
199
193
187
180
175
170
666
651
637
624
610
598
585
243
234
227
220
212
206
199
765
748
732
717
702
687
672
278
269
260
252
244
236
228
882
864
844
826
810
792
777
320
310
299
289
280
271
263
990
969
948
928
909
889
871
358
346
335
324
314
304
294
* The safe factored uniform load for the clear spans shown in
the Safe Load Column is equal to (Safe Load) / (Clear span
+ 0.67). (The added 0.67 feet (8 inches) is required to
obtain the proper length on which the Load Tables were
developed).
In no case shall the safe factored uniform load, for clear
spans less than the minimum clear span shown in the Safe
Load Column, exceed the uniform load calculated for the
minimum clear span listed in the Safe Load Column.
75
294
100
384
131
424
144
462
157
559
189
660
223
753
252
828
279
982
329
83
324
110
357
121
387
131
472
160
565
191
637
215
750
252
870
291
978
327
91
300
102
324
110
408
138
487
164
574
193
658
221
760
255
853
285
76
288
97
375
126
414
139
450
151
546
182
643
214
735
243
807
268
957
316
84
316
106
349
117
378
127
462
155
553
185
622
207
732
243
852
282
957
316
92
294
99
318
106
399
133
477
159
562
187
645
214
745
247
837
276
77
280
93
366
122
403
134
439
145
532
176
628
207
717
233
786
258
933
304
85
310
103
342
113
370
123
450
149
541
179
609
200
714
234
832
272
936
305
93
288
96
312
103
391
129
468
154
550
181
633
208
730
239
820
268
78
274
90
358
118
393
129
429
140
519
169
613
199
699
225
766
248
909
292
86
303
99
334
110
363
119
439
144
529
173
594
193
699
227
814
263
915
295
94
282
93
306
100
384
126
459
150
540
176
619
201
715
232
804
260
79
267
86
349
113
382
124
418
135
507
163
598
192
682
216
747
239
886
282
87
297
96
327
106
354
115
430
139
519
167
580
187
682
219
796
255
895
285
95
277
90
300
97
376
122
450
145
529
171
607
195
702
225
787
252
80
261
83
342
109
373
119
409
130
495
157
585
185
666
209
729
230
864
271
88
291
93
321
103
348
111
420
134
507
161
568
181
667
211
780
246
876
276
96
271
87
294
94
369
118
441
141
519
165
595
189
688
218
772
245
To solve for live loads for clear spans shown in the Safe Load
Column (or lesser clear spans), multiply the live load of the
shortest clear span shown in the Load Table by the (the
shortest clear span shown in the Load Table + 0.67 feet)2 and
divide by (the actual clear span + 0.67 feet) 2. The live load
shall not exceed the safe uniform load.
79

Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute May 25, 1983 Revised to November 10, 2003 - Effective March 01, 2005
uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in pounds per
linear foot, of ASD LH-Series Steel Joists. The weight of
DEAD loads, including the joists, must in all cases be
deducted to determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities of
the joists. The approximate DEAD load of the joists may be
determined from the weights per linear foot shown in the
tables.
The RED figures in this load table are the nominal LIVE loads
per linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate
deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loads which will produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may be obtained by
multiplying the RED figures by 1.5. In no case shall the
TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded.
Where the joist span is in the RED SHADED area of the load
table, the row of bridging nearest the midspan shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at chords and intersection. Hoisting cables shall not be released until this row
of bolted diagonal bridging is completely installed.
load table, all rows of bridging shall be diagonal bridging
with bolted connections at chords and intersection. Hoisting
cables shall not be released until the two rows of bridging
nearest the third points are completely installed.
Ij = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6 ), where WLL= RED figure in the
Load Table, and L = (clear span + 0.67) in feet.
When holes are required in top or bottom chords, the carrying capacities must be reduced in proportion to the reduction of chord areas.
ASD
Depth
in
inches
18LH02
Approx. Wt
in Lbs. Per
Linear Ft
(Joists only)
10
18
SAFE LOAD*
in Lbs.
Between
21-24
12000
18LH03
11
18
13300
18LH04
12
18
15500
18LH05
15
18
17500
18LH06
15
18
20700
18LH07
17
18
21500
18LH08
19
18
22400
18LH09
21
18
24000
20LH02
10
20
22-24
11300
20LH03
11
20
12000
20LH04
12
20
14700
20LH05
14
20
15800
20LH06
15
20
21100
20LH07
17
20
22500
20LH08
19
20
23200
20LH09
21
20
25400
20LH10
23
20
27400
Joist
Designation
80
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET

25
26
468 442
313 284
521 493
348 317
604 571
403 367
684 648
454 414
809 749
526 469
840 809
553 513
876 843
577 534
936 901
616 571
25
26
442 437
306 303
469 463
337 333
574 566
428 406
616 609
459 437
822 791
606 561
878 845
647 599
908 873
669 619
990 953
729 675
1068 1028
786 724
27
418
259
467
289
535
329
614
378
696
419
780
476
812
496
868
527
27
431
298
458
317
558
386
602
416
763
521
814
556
842
575
918
626
991
673
28
391
234
438
262
500
296
581
345
648
377
726
428
784
462
838
491
28
410
274
452
302
528
352
595
395
723
477
786
518
813
536
886
581
956
626
29
367
212
409
236
469
266
543
311
605
340
678
386
758
427
810
458
29
388
250
434
280
496
320
571
366
679
427
760
484
785
500
856
542
924
585
30
345
193
382
213
440
242
508
282
566
307
635
349
717
387
783
418
30
365
228
414
258
467
291
544
337
635
386
711
438
760
468
828
507
894
545
31
324
175
359
194
413
219
476
256
531
280
595
317
680
351
759
380
31
344
208
395
238
440
265
513
308
596
351
667
398
722
428
802
475
865
510
32
306
160
337
177
388
200
448
233
499
254
559
288
641
320
713
346
32
325
190
372
218
416
243
484
281
560
320
627
362
687
395
778
437
839
479
33
289
147
317
161
365
182
421
212
470
232
526
264
604
292
671
316
33
307
174
352
200
393
223
458
258
527
292
590
331
654
365
755
399
814
448
34
273
135
299
148
344
167
397
195
443
212
496
241
571
267
633
289
34
291
160
333
184
372
205
434
238
497
267
556
303
621
336
712
366
791
411
35
259
124
283
136
325
153
375
179
418
195
469
222
540
246
598
266
35
275
147
316
169
353
189
411
219
469
246
526
278
588
309
673
336
748
377
36
245
114
267
124
308
141
355
164
396
180
444
204
512
226
566
245
36
262
136
299
156
335
174
390
202
444
226
497
256
558
285
636
309
707
346
37
249
126
283
143
318
161
371
187
421
209
471
236
530
262
603
285
670
320
38
237
117
269
133
303
149
353
173
399
192
447
218
503
242
572
264
636
296
39
225
108
255
123
289
139
336
161
379
178
425
202
479
225
544
244
604
274
40
215
101
243
114
275
129
321
150
361
165
404
187
457
209
517
227
575
254
ASD
Joist
Designation
Approx. Wt
in Lbs. Per
Linear Ft.
(Joists only)
Depth
in
inches
SAFELOAD*
in Lbs.
Between
24LH03
11
24
28-32
11500
24LH04
12
24
14100
24LH05
13
24
15100
24LH06
16
24
20300
24LH07
17
24
22300
24LH08
18
24
23800
24LH09
21
24
28000
24LH10
23
24
29600
24LH11
25
24
31200
28LH05
13
28
33-40
14000
28LH06
16
28
18600
28LH07
17
28
21000
28LH08
18
28
22500
28LH09
21
28
27700
28LH10
23
28
30300
28LH11
25
28
32500
28LH12
27
28
35700
28LH13
30
28
37200
32LH06
14
32
38-46 47-48
16700 16700
32LH07
16
32
18800 18800
32LH08
17
32
20400 20400
32LH09
21
32
25600 25600
32LH10
21
32
28300 28300
32LH11
24
32
31000 31000
32LH12
27
32
36400 36400
32LH13
30
32
40600 40600
32LH14
33
32
41800 41800
32LH15
35
32
43200 43200
36LH07
16
36
42-46 47-56
16800 16800
36LH08
18
36
18500 18500
36LH09
21
36
23700 23700
36LH10
21
36
26100 26100
36LH11
23
36
28500 28500
36LH12
25
36
34100 34100
36LH13
30
36
40100 40100
36LH14
36
36
44200 44200
36LH15
36
36
46600 46600
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET

33
342
235
419
288
449
308
604
411
665
452
707
480
832
562
882
596
927
624
41
337
219
448
289
505
326
540
348
667
428
729
466
780
498
857
545
895
569
49
338
211
379
235
411
255
516
319
571
352
625
385
734
450
817
500
843
515
870
532
57
292
177
321
194
411
247
454
273
495
297
593
354
697
415
768
456
809
480
34
339
226
398
265
446
297
579
382
638
421
677
447
808
530
856
559
900
588
42
323
205
429
270
484
305
517
325
639
400
704
439
762
475
837
520
874
543
50
326
199
366
223
397
242
498
302
550
332
602
363
712
428
801
480
826
495
853
511
58
283
168
311
185
398
235
440
260
480
283
575
338
675
395
755
434
795
464
35
336
218
379
246
440
285
555
356
613
393
649
416
785
501
832
528
875
555
43
310
192
412
253
464
285
496
305
612
375
679
414
736
448
818
496
854
518
51
315
189
353
211
383
229
480
285
531
315
580
343
688
406
785
461
810
476
837
492
59
274
160
302
176
386
224
426
248
465
269
557
322
654
376
729
412
781
448
36
323
204
360
227
419
264
530
331
588
367
622
388
764
460
809
500
851
525
44
297
180
395
238
445
267
475
285
586
351
651
388
711
423
800
476
835
495
52
304
179
341
200
369
216
463
270
512
297
560
325
664
384
771
444
795
458
821
473
60
266
153
293
168
374
214
413
236
451
257
540
307
634
359
706
392
769
434
37
307
188
343
210
399
244
504
306
565
343
597
362
731
424
788
474
829
498
45
286
169
379
223
427
251
456
268
563
329
625
364
682
397
782
454
816
472
53
294
169
329
189
357
205
447
256
495
282
541
308
641
364
742
420
780
440
805
454
61
258
146
284
160
363
204
401
225
438
246
523
292
615
342
683
373
744
413
38
293
175
327
195
380
226
480
284
541
320
572
338
696
393
768
439
807
472
46
275
159
364
209
410
236
438
252
540
309
600
342
655
373
766
435
799
452
54
284
161
318
179
345
194
432
243
478
267
522
292
619
345
715
397
766
417
791
438
62
251
140
276
153
352
195
389
215
425
234
508
279
596
327
661
356
721
394
39
279
162
312
182
363
210
457
263
516
297
545
314
663
363
737
406
787
449
47
265
150
350
197
394
222
420
236
519
291
576
322
629
351
737
408
782
433
55
275
153
308
170
333
184
418
230
462
254
505
277
598
327
690
376
738
395
776
422
63
244
134
268
146
342
186
378
206
412
224
493
267
579
312
641
339
698
375
40
267
152
298
169
347
196
437
245
491
276
520
292
632
337
702
378
768
418
48
255
142
337
186
379
209
403
222
499
274
554
303
605
331
709
383
766
415
56
266
145
298
162
322
175
404
219
445
240
488
263
578
311
666
354
713
374
763
407
64
237
128
260
140
333
179
367
197
401
214
478
255
562
298
621
323
677
358
41
255
141
285
158
331
182
417
228
468
257
497
272
602
313
668
351
734
388
49
245
133
324
175
365
197
387
209
481
258
533
285
582
312
682
361
751
396
57
257
138
288
154
312
167
391
208
430
228
473
251
559
295
643
336
688
355
750
393
65
230
122
253
134
323
171
357
188
389
205
464
243
546
285
602
309
656
342
42
244
132
273
148
317
171
399
211
446
239
475
254
574
292
637
326
701
361
50
237
126
313
166
352
186
371
196
463
243
513
269
561
294
656
340
722
373
58
249
131
279
146
302
159
379
198
416
217
458
239
541
281
621
319
665
337
725
374
66
224
117
246
128
314
163
347
180
378
196
450
232
531
273
584
295
637
327
43
234
124
262
138
304
160
381
197
426
223
455
238
548
272
608
304
671
337
51
228
119
301
156
339
176
357
185
446
228
495
255
540
278
632
321
694
352
59
242
125
271
140
293
151
367
189
402
206
443
227
524
267
600
304
643
321
701
355
67
218
112
239
123
306
157
338
173
368
188
437
222
516
262
567
283
618
312
44
224
116
251
130
291
150
364
184
407
208
435
222
524
254
582
285
642
315
52
220
113
291
148
327
166
344
175
430
216
477
241
521
263
609
303
668
332
60
234
119
262
133
284
144
356
180
389
196
429
216
508
255
581
288
622
304
678
338
68
212
107
233
118
297
150
328
165
358
180
424
213
502
251
551
270
600
299
45
215
109
241
122
280
141
348
172
389
195
417
208
501
238
556
266
616
294
53
213
107
281
140
316
158
331
165
415
204
460
228
502
249
587
285
643
314
61
227
114
254
127
275
137
345
172
376
186
416
206
492
243
562
275
602
290
656
322
69
207
103
227
113
289
144
320
159
348
173
412
204
488
240
535
259
583
286
46
207
102
231
114
269
132
334
161
373
182
400
196
480
223
533
249
590
276
54
206
102
271
133
305
150
319
156
401
193
444
215
485
236
566
270
620
297
62
220
108
247
121
267
131
335
164
364
178
403
196
477
232
544
262
583
276
635
306
70
201
99
221
109
282
138
311
152
339
166
400
195
475
231
520
247
567
274
47
199
96
222
107
258
124
320
152
357
171
384
184
460
209
511
234
567
259
55
199
97
262
126
295
142
308
148
387
183
429
204
468
223
546
256
598
281
63
214
104
240
116
259
125
325
157
353
169
390
187
463
221
527
249
564
264
616
292
71
196
95
215
104
275
133
303
146
330
159
389
187
463
222
505
237
551
263
48
191
90
214
101
248
117
307
142
343
161
369
173
441
196
490
220
544
243
56
193
92
253
120
285
135
297
140
374
173
415
193
453
212
527
243
577
266
64
208
99
233
111
252
120
315
149
342
162
378
179
449
211
511
238
547
251
597
279
72
191
91
209
100
267
127
295
140
322
153
378
179
451
213
492
228
536
252
81
ASD
Joist
Designation
Approx. Wt Depth
in Lbs. Per
in
Linear Ft.
inches
SAFELOAD*
in Lbs.
Between
40LH08
(Joists Only)
16
40
47-59
16600
60-64
16600
40LH09
21
40
21800
21800
40LH10
21
40
24000
24000
40LH11
22
40
26200
26200
40LH12
25
40
31900
31900
40LH13
30
40
37600
37600
40LH14
35
40
43000
43000
40LH15
36
40
48100
48100
40LH16
42
40
53000
53000
44LH09
19
44
52-59
20000
60-72
20000
44LH10
21
44
22100
22100
44LH11
22
44
23900
23900
44LH12
25
44
29600
29600
44LH13
30
44
35100
35100
44LH14
31
44
40400
40400
44LH15
36
44
47000
47000
44LH16
42
44
54200
54200
44LH17
47
44
58200
58200
48LH10
21
48
56-59
20000
60-80
20000
48LH11
22
48
21700
21700
48LH12
25
48
27400
27400
48LH13
29
48
32800
32800
48LH14
32
48
38700
38700
48LH15
36
48
44500
44500
48LH16
42
48
51300
51300
48LH17
47
48
57600
57600
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET

65
254
150
332
196
367
216
399
234
486
285
573
334
656
383
734
427
808
469
73
272
158
300
174
325
188
402
232
477
275
549
315
639
366
737
421
790
450
81
246
141
266
152
336
191
402
228
475
269
545
308
629
355
706
397
66
247
144
323
188
357
207
388
224
472
273
557
320
638
367
712
408
796
455
74
265
152
293
168
317
181
393
224
466
265
534
302
623
352
719
405
780
438
82
241
136
260
147
329
185
393
221
464
260
533
298
615
343
690
383
67
241
138
315
180
347
198
378
215
459
261
542
307
620
351
691
390
784
441
75
259
146
286
162
310
175
383
215
454
254
520
291
608
339
701
390
769
426
83
236
132
255
142
322
179
384
213
454
251
521
287
601
331
675
371
68
234
132
306
173
338
190
368
207
447
251
528
295
603
336
671
373
772
428
76
253
141
279
155
302
168
374
207
444
246
506
279
593
326
684
375
759
415
84
231
127
249
137
315
173
376
206
444
243
510
278
588
320
660
358
* The safe uniform load for the clear spans shown in the Safe
Load Column is equal to (Safe Load) / (Clear span + 0.67).
(The added 0.67 feet (8 inches) is required to obtain the proper length on which the Load Tables were developed).
In no case shall the safe uniform load, for clear spans less
than the minimum clear span shown in the Safe Load
Column, exceed the uniform load calculated for the minimum
clear span listed in the Safe Load Column.
82
69
228
127
298
166
329
183
358
198
435
241
514
283
587
323
652
357
761
416
77
247
136
272
150
295
162
365
200
433
236
493
268
579
314
668
362
750
405
85
226
123
244
133
308
167
368
199
434
234
499
269
576
310
646
346
70
222
122
291
160
321
176
349
190
424
231
500
271
571
309
633
342
751
404
78
242
131
266
144
289
157
356
192
423
228
481
259
565
303
652
348
732
390
86
221
119
239
129
301
161
360
193
425
227
488
260
563
299
632
335
71
217
117
283
153
313
169
340
183
413
222
487
260
556
297
616
328
730
387
79
236
127
260
139
282
151
347
185
413
220
469
249
551
292
637
336
715
376
87
217
116
234
125
295
156
353
187
416
220
478
252
551
289
619
324
72
211
112
276
147
305
162
332
176
402
213
475
250
542
285
599
315
710
371
80
231
122
254
134
276
146
339
179
404
212
457
240
537
281
622
324
699
363
88
212
112
229
120
289
151
345
180
407
212
468
244
540
280
606
314
73
206
108
269
141
297
156
323
169
392
205
463
241
528
273
583
302
691
356
81
226
118
249
130
269
140
331
172
395
205
446
231
524
271
608
313
683
351
89
208
108
225
117
283
147
338
175
399
206
458
236
528
271
593
304
74
201
104
263
136
290
150
315
163
382
197
451
231
515
263
567
290
673
342
82
221
114
243
125
264
136
323
166
386
198
436
223
512
261
594
302
667
338
90
204
105
220
113
277
142
332
170
390
199
448
228
518
263
581
294
75
196
100
256
131
283
144
308
157
373
189
440
223
502
252
552
279
655
329
83
216
110
238
121
258
131
315
160
377
191
425
215
500
252
580
291
652
327
91
200
102
216
110
272
138
325
164
383
193
439
221
507
255
569
285
76
192
97
250
126
276
139
300
151
364
182
429
214
490
243
538
268
638
316
84
211
106
233
117
252
127
308
155
369
185
415
207
488
243
568
282
638
316
92
196
99
212
106
266
133
318
159
375
187
430
214
497
247
558
276
77
187
93
244
122
269
134
293
145
355
176
419
207
478
233
524
258
622
304
85
207
103
228
113
247
123
300
149
361
179
406
200
476
234
555
272
624
305
93
192
96
208
103
261
129
312
154
367
181
422
208
487
239
547
268
78
183
90
239
118
262
129
286
140
346
169
409
199
466
225
511
248
606
292
86
202
99
223
110
242
119
293
144
353
173
396
193
466
227
543
263
610
295
94
188
93
204
100
256
126
306
150
360
176
413
201
477
232
536
260
79
178
86
233
113
255
124
279
135
338
163
399
192
455
216
498
239
591
282
87
198
96
218
106
236
115
287
139
346
167
387
187
455
219
531
255
597
285
95
185
90
200
97
251
122
300
145
353
171
405
195
468
225
525
252
80
174
83
228
109
249
119
273
130
330
157
390
185
444
209
486
230
576
271
88
194
93
214
103
232
111
280
134
338
161
379
181
445
211
520
246
584
276
96
181
87
196
94
246
118
294
141
346
165
397
189
459
218
515
245
Column (or lesser clear spans), multiply the live load of the
shortest clear span shown in the Load Table by the (the shortest clear span shown in the Load Table + 0.67 feet)2 and
divide by (the actual clear span + 0.67 feet)2. The live load
shall not exceed the safe uniform load.

The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL safe factored uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in pounds
per linear foot, of an LRFD DLH-Series Steel Joists. The weight
of factored DEAD loads, including the joists, must in all cases be
deducted to determine the factored LIVE load-carrying capacities of the joists. The approximate DEAD load of the joists may
be determined from the weights per linear foot shown in the
tables. All loads shown are for roof construction only.
The RED figures in this load table are the unfactored, nominal
LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loads which will
produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may be obtained by
multiplying the RED figures by 1.5. In no case shall the TOTAL
load capacity of the joists be exceeded.
All rows of bridging shall be diagonal bridging with bolted

connections at the chords and intersections.
Where the joist span is in the BLUE SHADED area of the load
table hoisting cables shall not be released until the two rows of
bridging nearest the third points are completely installed.
Where the joist span is in the GRAY SHADED area of the
load table hoisting cables shall not be released until all rows
of bridging are completely installed.
LRFD
STANDARD LOAD TABLE FOR DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
Approx. Wt Depth SAFELOAD*
Joist
in
in Lbs.
Designation in Lbs. Per
Linear Ft
inches Between
(Joists only)
89
61-88
52DLH10
25
52
447
40050
171
52DLH11
26
52
43950
490
187
52DLH12
29
52
49050
547
204
59550
52DLH13
34
52
664
247
52DLH14
39
52
68100
760
276
52DLH15
42
52
76500
853
311
52DLH16
45
52
82500
921
346
52DLH17
52
52
94950
1059
395
97
66-96
42150
56DLH11
26
56
432
169
56DLH12
30
56
48450
496
184
56DLH13
34
56
58650
601
223
56DLH14
39
56
66300
679
249
56DLH15
42
56
75750
777
281
56DLH16
46
56
81750
838
313
56DLH17
51
56
94200
964
356
CLEAR SPAN IN LINEAR FEET

90
436
165
480
181
535
197
649
239
745
266
835
301
901
335
1036
381
98
424
163
486
178
591
216
666
242
762
272
822
304
945
345
91
427
159
469
174
523
191
636
231
729
258
817
291
882
324
1014
369
99
415
158
477
173
579
209
652
234
747
264
805
294
927
335
92
418
154
459
169
513
185
621
224
714
249
799
282
862
314
991
357
100
408
153
468
168
568
204
640
228
732
256
789
285
907
325
93
409
150
448
164
501
179
609
216
699
242
783
272
844
304
970
346
101
400
149
459
163
558
197
628
221
717
248
774
277
891
316
94
400
145
439
158
490
173
595
209
685
234
766
264
826
294
951
335
102
393
145
450
158
547
191
616
214
703
242
759
269
873
306
95
391
140
430
153
480
168
583
203
670
227
750
256
810
285
930
324
103
385
140
442
153
537
186
604
209
690
234
744
262
856
298
96
384
136
421
149
471
163
571
197
657
220
735
247
792
276
912
315
104
379
136
433
150
526
181
594
202
676
228
730
254
840
289
97
376
132
412
144
460
158
559
191
645
213
720
240
777
267
892
304
105
372
133
426
145
516
175
582
196
664
221
717
247
823
281
98
369
128
405
140
451
153
549
185
631
207
705
233
760
260
874
296
106
366
129
417
141
507
171
571
190
651
215
703
240
808
273
99
361
124
396
135
442
149
537
180
619
201
691
226
745
252
858
286
107
358
125
409
137
496
166
562
186
639
209
690
233
793
266
100
354
120
388
132
433
144
526
174
607
194
676
219
730
245
840
279
108
352
122
402
133
487
161
552
181
628
204
678
227
780
258
101
346
116
381
128
426
140
516
170
595
189
664
213
717
237
823
270
109
346
118
394
130
478
157
541
175
616
198
666
221
765
251
102
340
114
373
124
417
135
507
164
585
184
651
207
702
230
808
263
110
340
115
388
126
471
152
532
171
604
192
654
214
751
245
103
334
110
366
120
409
132
496
159
573
178
639
201
688
224
792
255
111
334
113
381
123
462
149
523
167
594
188
642
209
738
238
104
327
107
360
117
402
128
487
155
562
173
627
195
676
217
777
247
112
328
110
373
119
454
145
514
162
583
182
630
204
724
231
83
LRFD
STANDARD LOAD TABLE LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LRFD DLH-SERIES
Approx. Wt Depth
Joist
in
Linear Ft inches
(Joists only)
60DLH12
29
60
SAFE LOAD*
in Lbs.
Between
70-99 100-104
46650
46650
60DLH13
35
60
56700
56700
60DLH14
40
60
63000
63000
60DLH15
43
60
73950
73950
60DLH16
46
60
81300
81300
60DLH17
52
60
93450
93450
60DLH18
59
60
107850
107850
64DLH12
31
64
75-99 100-112
45000
45000
64DLH13
34
64
54600
54600
64DLH14
40
64
62550
62550
64DLH15
43
64
71700
71700
64DLH16
46
64
80700
80700
64DLH17
52
64
93000
93000
64DLH18
59
64
107400
107400
68DLH13
37
68
80-99 100-120
52500
52500
68DLH14
40
68
60450
60450
68DLH15
44
68
67800
67800
68DLH16
49
68
80400
80400
68DLH17
55
68
90600
90600
68DLH18
61
68
104850
104850
68DLH19
67
68
120750
120750
72DLH14
41
72
84-99 100-128
58800
58800
72DLH15
44
72
67350
67350
72DLH16
50
72
77850
77850
72DLH17
56
72
87600
87600
72DLH18
59
72
102600
102600
72DLH19
70
72
120300
120300
CLEAR SPAN IN LINEAR FEET

105
442
168
537
203
597
216
700
255
769
285
885
324
1021
366
113
396
153
481
186
550
199
631
234
711
262
819
298
945
337
121
432
171
498
184
558
206
661
242
745
275
862
311
993
353
129
454
171
520
191
601
225
676
256
792
289
928
328
106
433
163
526
197
586
210
687
248
756
277
868
315
1002
357
114
388
150
472
181
540
193
621
228
699
254
804
290
928
328
122
426
168
490
179
547
201
649
236
733
268
849
304
976
344
130
447
167
513
187
592
219
667
250
780
283
913
321
107
426
158
517
191
574
205
675
242
741
269
853
306
984
346
115
382
146
465
176
531
189
610
223
687
248
790
283
912
320
123
418
164
483
175
540
196
640
230
721
262
835
297
961
336
131
441
163
504
183
585
214
657
245
768
276
900
313
* The safe factored uniform load for the clear spans shown in the
Safe Load Column is equal to (Safe Load) / (Clear span + 0.67).
(The added 0.67 feet (8 inches) is required to obtain the proper
length on which the Load Tables were developed).
In no case shall the safe factored uniform load, for clear spans less
than the minimum clear span shown in the Safe Load Column,
exceed the uniform load calculated for the minimum clear span
listed in the Safe Load Column.
84
108
418
154
508
187
564
199
663
235
727
262
837
298
966
337
116
376
142
457
171
523
184
600
217
675
242
777
275
897
311
124
412
159
475
171
531
191
630
225
711
256
823
289
946
328
132
435
159
496
178
576
209
648
239
757
270
886
306
109
411
150
499
181
555
193
651
228
714
255
822
290
948
327
117
370
138
450
168
514
179
591
211
664
235
763
268
880
304
125
406
155
468
167
522
187
619
219
700
249
810
283
931
320
133
427
155
489
174
567
205
639
233
745
265
873
300
110
405
146
490
176
544
189
640
223
702
247
807
283
931
319
118
364
135
442
163
505
174
580
206
652
229
751
262
867
296
126
400
152
462
163
514
182
610
214
690
244
798
276
916
313
134
421
152
483
171
559
200
630
228
735
258
859
293
111
397
142
483
171
534
183
628
216
690
241
793
275
915
310
119
358
132
436
159
498
171
571
201
642
224
738
255
852
288
127
394
149
454
159
505
178
600
209
679
238
786
269
901
305
135
415
149
475
167
552
196
621
224
724
252
847
286
112
391
138
474
167
525
178
618
210
676
235
778
267
898
303
120
352
129
429
155
489
166
562
196
631
218
726
248
838
282
128
388
145
448
155
498
174
591
204
669
232
774
263
888
298
136
411
146
468
163
544
191
612
218
718
247
835
280
113
384
134
466
163
516
173
607
205
666
228
765
261
883
294
121
346
125
421
152
481
162
553
191
621
213
714
243
823
274
129
382
142
441
152
490
170
582
199
658
228
762
257
874
291
137
405
143
462
160
537
188
603
213
705
242
823
274
114
378
131
459
158
507
170
597
200
654
223
751
254
867
286
122
342
122
415
148
474
158
544
187
610
208
702
237
810
267
130
378
138
435
148
483
166
573
195
649
222
751
251
861
285
138
399
139
454
156
529
183
595
209
694
236
811
268
115
372
128
451
154
498
165
588
194
642
217
739
247
852
279
123
336
119
409
144
466
154
537
182
601
203
691
231
798
261
131
372
135
429
145
475
162
564
190
640
217
739
246
847
278
139
393
136
448
152
522
179
586
205
685
231
799
263
116
366
124
444
151
490
161
577
190
631
211
726
241
838
272
124
331
116
403
141
459
151
528
177
591
198
681
226
784
255
132
366
133
421
141
468
158
556
186
630
212
729
240
835
272
140
388
133
442
150
514
175
579
200
675
227
789
257
117
360
121
436
147
481
156
568
185
621
206
714
235
823
266
125
327
114
396
137
451
147
520
173
582
193
669
220
772
249
133
361
130
415
138
462
155
547
182
621
208
718
234
822
266
141
382
131
436
147
507
171
571
196
666
222
777
251
118
354
118
429
143
474
152
559
180
610
201
702
228
810
259
126
321
111
390
134
444
143
511
170
573
189
658
215
760
243
134
355
127
409
135
454
152
540
178
612
203
708
230
810
260
142
378
128
429
143
501
169
564
191
657
217
766
247
119
348
115
423
139
465
149
550
175
600
196
690
223
796
252
127
316
109
385
131
438
140
504
165
564
184
648
210
748
237
135
351
124
403
133
448
148
531
174
604
198
697
225
798
254
143
372
125
423
140
493
165
556
188
648
212
756
241
120
342
113
415
135
457
145
541
171
589
190
679
217
783
246
128
312
106
379
128
430
136
496
161
555
180
639
205
736
232
136
346
121
399
130
441
145
523
171
595
194
688
219
787
248
144
367
123
418
137
487
161
549
184
639
209
745
236
Column (or lesser clear spans), multiply the live load of the shortest clear span shown in the Load Table by (the shortest clear span
shown in the Load Table + 0.67 feet)2 and divide by (the actual
clear span + 0.67 feet)2. The live load shall not exceed the safe
uniform load.

The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL safe uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in pounds per linear
foot, of an ASD DLH-Series Steel Joists. The weight of DEAD
loads, including the joists, must in all cases be deducted to
determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities of the joists. The
approximate DEAD load of the joists may be determined from
the weights per linear foot shown in the tables. All loads shown
are for roof construction only.
All rows of bridging shall be diagonal bridging with bolted

connections at the chords and intersections.
load table hoisting cables shall not be released until the two
rows of bridging nearest the third points are completely
installed.
Where the joist span is in the GRAY SHADED area of the
load table hoisting cables shall not be released until all rows
of bridging are completely installed.
The RED figures in this load table are the nominal LIVE loads
per linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate
deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loads which will produce
a deflection of 1/240 of the span may be obtained by multiplying the RED figures by 1.5. In no case shall the TOTAL load
capacity of the joists be exceeded.




ASD
STANDARD LOAD TABLE LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
Approx. Wt Depth SAFELOAD*
Joist
in Lbs.
Designation in Lbs. Per in
Linear Ft inches Between
61-88
(Joists only)
52DLH10
25
52
26700
52DLH11
26
52
29300
52DLH12
29
52
32700
52DLH13
34
52
39700
52DLH14
39
52
45400
52DLH15
42
52
51000
52DLH16
45
52
55000
52DLH17
52
52
63300
56DLH11
26
56
66-96
28100
56DLH12
30
56
32300
56DLH13
34
56
39100
56DLH14
39
56
44200
56DLH15
42
56
50500
56DLH16
46
56
54500
56DLH17
51
56
62800
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET

89
298
171
327
187
365
204
443
247
507
276
569
311
614
346
706
395
97
288
169
331
184
401
223
453
249
518
281
559
313
643
356
90
291
165
320
181
357
197
433
239
497
266
557
301
601
335
691
381
98
283
163
324
178
394
216
444
242
508
272
548
304
630
345
91
285
159
313
174
349
191
424
231
486
258
545
291
588
324
676
369
99
277
158
318
173
386
209
435
234
498
264
537
294
618
335
92
279
154
306
169
342
185
414
224
476
249
533
282
575
314
661
357
100
272
153
312
168
379
204
427
228
488
256
526
285
605
325
93
273
150
299
164
334
179
406
216
466
242
522
272
563
304
647
346
101
267
149
306
163
372
197
419
221
478
248
516
277
594
316
94
267
145
293
158
327
173
397
209
457
234
511
264
551
294
634
335
102
262
145
300
158
365
191
411
214
469
242
506
269
582
306
95
261
140
287
153
320
168
389
203
447
227
500
256
540
285
620
324
103
257
140
295
153
358
186
403
209
460
234
496
262
571
298
96
256
136
281
149
314
163
381
197
438
220
490
247
528
276
608
315
104
253
136
289
150
351
181
396
202
451
228
487
254
560
289
97
251
132
275
144
307
158
373
191
430
213
480
240
518
267
595
304
105
248
133
284
145
344
175
388
196
443
221
478
247
549
281
98
246
128
270
140
301
153
366
185
421
207
470
233
507
260
583
296
106
244
129
278
141
338
171
381
190
434
215
469
240
539
273
99
241
124
264
135
295
149
358
180
413
201
461
226
497
252
572
286
107
239
125
273
137
331
166
375
186
426
209
460
233
529
266
100
236
120
259
132
289
144
351
174
405
194
451
219
487
245
560
279
108
235
122
268
133
325
161
368
181
419
204
452
227
520
258
101
231
116
254
128
284
140
344
170
397
189
443
213
478
237
549
270
109
231
118
263
130
319
157
361
175
411
198
444
221
510
251
102
227
114
249
124
278
135
338
164
390
184
434
207
468
230
539
263
110
227
115
259
126
314
152
355
171
403
192
436
214
501
245
103
223
110
244
120
273
132
331
159
382
178
426
201
459
224
528
255
111
223
113
254
123
308
149
349
167
396
188
428
209
492
238
104
218
107
240
117
268
128
325
155
375
173
418
195
451
217
518
247
112
219
110
249
119
303
145
343
162
389
182
420
204
483
231
85
ASD
STANDARD LOAD TABLE LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
Approx. Wt Depth
Joist
in
Linear Ft inches
(Joists only)
60DLH12
29
60
SAFE LOAD*
in Lbs.
Between
70-99 100-104
31100
31100
60DLH13
35
60
37800
37800
60DLH14
40
60
42000
42000
60DLH15
43
60
49300
49300
60DLH16
46
60
54200
54200
60DLH17
52
60
62300
62300
60DLH18
59
60
71900
71900
64DLH12
31
64
75-99 100-112
30000
30000
64DLH13
34
64
36400
36400
64DLH14
40
64
41700
41700
64DLH15
43
64
47800
47800
64DLH16
46
64
53800
53800
64DLH17
52
64
62000
62000
64DLH18
59
64
71600
71600
68DLH13
37
68
80-99 100-120
35000
35000
68DLH14
40
68
40300
40300
68DLH15
44
68
45200
45200
68DLH16
49
68
53600
53600
68DLH17
55
68
60400
60400
68DLH18
61
68
69900
69900
68DLH19
67
68
80500
80500
72DLH14
41
72
84-99 100-128
39200
39200
72DLH15
44
72
44900
44900
72DLH16
50
72
51900
51900
72DLH17
56
72
58400
58400
72DLH18
59
72
68400
68400
72DLH19
70
72
80200
80200
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET

105
295
168
358
203
398
216
467
255
513
285
590
324
681
366
113
264
153
321
186
367
199
421
234
474
262
546
298
630
337
121
288
171
332
184
372
206
441
242
497
275
575
311
662
353
129
303
171
347
191
401
225
451
256
528
289
619
328
106
289
163
351
197
391
210
458
248
504
277
579
315
668
357
114
259
150
315
181
360
193
414
228
466
254
536
290
619
328
122
284
168
327
179
365
201
433
236
489
268
566
304
651
344
130
298
167
342
187
395
219
445
250
520
283
609
321
107
284
158
345
191
383
205
450
242
494
269
569
306
656
346
115
255
146
310
176
354
189
407
223
458
248
527
283
608
320
123
279
164
322
175
360
196
427
230
481
262
557
297
641
336
131
294
163
336
183
390
214
438
245
512
276
600
313
108
279
154
339
187
376
199
442
235
485
262
558
298
644
337
116
251
142
305
171
349
184
400
217
450
242
518
275
598
311
124
275
159
317
171
354
191
420
225
474
256
549
289
631
328
132
290
159
331
178
384
209
432
239
505
270
591
306
* The safe uniform load for the clear spans shown in the Safe Load
Column is equal to (Safe Load) / (Clear Span + 0.67). (The added
0.67 feet (8 inches) is required to obtain the proper length on which
the Load Tables were developed).
In no case shall the safe uniform load, for clear spans less than the
minimum clear span shown in the Safe Load Column, exceed the
uniform load calculated for the minimum clear span listed in the
Safe Load Column.
86
109
274
150
333
181
370
193
434
228
476
255
548
290
632
327
117
247
138
300
168
343
179
394
211
443
235
509
268
587
304
125
271
155
312
167
348
187
413
219
467
249
540
283
621
320
133
285
155
326
174
378
205
426
233
497
265
582
300
110
270
146
327
176
363
189
427
223
468
247
538
283
621
319
118
243
135
295
163
337
174
387
206
435
229
501
262
578
296
126
267
152
308
163
343
182
407
214
460
244
532
276
611
313
134
281
152
322
171
373
200
420
228
490
258
573
293
111
265
142
322
171
356
183
419
216
460
241
529
275
610
310
119
239
132
291
159
332
171
381
201
428
224
492
255
568
288
127
263
149
303
159
337
178
400
209
453
238
524
269
601
305
135
277
149
317
167
368
196
414
224
483
252
565
286
112
261
138
316
167
350
178
412
210
451
235
519
267
599
303
120
235
129
286
155
326
166
375
196
421
218
484
248
559
282
128
259
145
299
155
332
174
394
204
446
232
516
263
592
298
136
274
146
312
163
363
191
408
218
479
247
557
280
113
256
134
311
163
344
173
405
205
444
228
510
261
589
294
121
231
125
281
152
321
162
369
191
414
213
476
243
549
274
129
255
142
294
152
327
170
388
199
439
228
508
257
583
291
137
270
143
308
160
358
188
402
213
470
242
549
274
114
252
131
306
158
338
170
398
200
436
223
501
254
578
286
122
228
122
277
148
316
158
363
187
407
208
468
237
540
267
130
252
138
290
148
322
166
382
195
433
222
501
251
574
285
138
266
139
303
156
353
183
397
209
463
236
541
268
115
248
128
301
154
332
165
392
194
428
217
493
247
568
279
123
224
119
273
144
311
154
358
182
401
203
461
231
532
261
131
248
135
286
145
317
162
376
190
427
217
493
246
565
278
139
262
136
299
152
348
179
391
205
457
231
533
263
116
244
124
296
151
327
161
385
190
421
211
484
241
559
272
124
221
116
269
141
306
151
352
177
394
198
454
226
523
255
132
244
133
281
141
312
158
371
186
420
212
486
240
557
272
140
259
133
295
150
343
175
386
200
450
227
526
257
117
240
121
291
147
321
156
379
185
414
206
476
235
549
266
125
218
114
264
137
301
147
347
173
388
193
446
220
515
249
133
241
130
277
138
308
155
365
182
414
208
479
234
548
266
141
255
131
291
147
338
171
381
196
444
222
518
251
118
236
118
286
143
316
152
373
180
407
201
468
228
540
259
126
214
111
260
134
296
143
341
170
382
189
439
215
507
243
134
237
127
273
135
303
152
360
178
408
203
472
230
540
260
142
252
128
286
143
334
169
376
191
438
217
511
247
119
232
115
282
139
310
149
367
175
400
196
460
223
531
252
127
211
109
257
131
292
140
336
165
376
184
432
210
499
237
135
234
124
269
133
299
148
354
174
403
198
465
225
532
254
143
248
125
282
140
329
165
371
188
432
212
504
241
120
228
113
277
135
305
145
361
171
393
190
453
217
522
246
128
208
106
253
128
287
136
331
161
370
180
426
205
491
232
136
231
121
266
130
294
145
349
171
397
194
459
219
525
248
144
245
123
279
137
325
161
366
184
426
209
497
236
Column (or lesser clear spans), multiply the live load of the shortest clear span shown in the Load Table by (the shortest clear span
shown in the Load Table + 0.67 feet)2 and divide by (the actual
clear span + 0.67 feet)2. The live load shall not exceed the safe
uniform load.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SJI-JG-1.1
FOR JOIST GIRDERS
SECTION 1000.
SECTION 1002.
SCOPE
MATERIALS

Joist Girders. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
and Allowable Strength Design (ASD) are included in this
specification.
SECTION 1001.
DEFINITION
The term Joist Girders, as used herein, refers to open web,
load-carrying members utilizing hot-rolled or cold-formed
steel, including cold-formed steel whose yield strength* has
been attained by cold working.
The design of Joist Girder chord and web sections shall be
based on a yield strength of at least 36 ksi (250 MPa), but not
greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Steel used for Joist Girder
chord or web sections shall have a minimum yield strength
determined in accordance with one of the procedures specified in Section 1002.2, which is equal to the yield strength
assumed in the design. Joist Girders shall be designed in
accordance with this specification to support panel point
loadings.
* The term Yield Strength as used herein shall designate
the yield level of a material as determined by the applicable method outlined in paragraph 13.1, Yield Point
and in paragraph 13.2, Yield Strength, of ASTM
Standard A370, Standard Test Methods and
Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, or
as specified in Section 1002.2 of this Specification.
1002.1 STEEL
The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web sections
shall conform to one of the following ASTM Specifications:
High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM
A242/A242M.
Quality ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50.
Steel, ASTM A572/A572M Grade 42 and 50.
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi
(345 MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 inches (100 mm)
Thick, ASTM A588/A588M.
Improved Formability, ASTM A1008/A1008M.
with Improved Formability, ASTM A1011/A1011M.
or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to other
than the listed specifications, provided that such material in
the state used for final assembly and manufacture is weldable
and is proved by tests performed by the producer or manufacturer to have the properties specified in Section 1002.2.

prescribed in Section 1003 shall be at least 36 ksi (250 MPa),
but shall not be greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Evidence that
the steel furnished meets or exceeds the design yield
strength shall, if requested, be provided in the form of an affidavit or by witnessed or certified test reports.
Standard Specifications and Weight Tables for Joist

Girders
Steel Joist Institute - Copyright 2005

taken from as-rolled material. In the case of material properties of which conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall
conform to those of such specifications and to ASTM A370.
87
JOIST GIRDERS
In the case of material the mechanical properties of which do
not conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall conform to the
applicable requirements of ASTM A370 and the specimens
shall exhibit a yield strength equal to or exceeding the design
yield strength and an elongation of not less than (a) 20 percent
in 2 inches (51 millimeters) for sheet and strip, or (b) 18 percent
in 8 inches (203 millimeters) for plates, shapes and bars with
adjustments for thickness for plates, shapes and bars as prescribed in ASTM A36/A36M, A242/A242M, A529/A529M,
A572/A572M, A588/A588M, whichever specification is applicable on the basis of design yield strength.
for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM A606,
A1008/A1008M and A1011/A1011M for sheet and strip.
b) For connected members both having a specified minimum

yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa) or one having a specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa), and the
other having a specified minimum yield strength greater
than 36 ksi (250 MPa).
AWS A5.1: E60XX
combination
AWS A5.29: E6XTX-X, E6XT-XM
or any of those listed in Section 1002.3(a).
Other welding methods, providing equivalent strength as
demonstrated by tests, may be used.
1002.4 PAINT
If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall show

the results of tests performed on full section specimens in
accordance with the provisions of the AISI Specifications for
the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and
shall indicate compliance with these provisions and with the
following additional requirements:
The standard shop paint is intended to protect the steel for

only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions and shall be considered an impermanent and provisional coating.
a) The yield strength calculated from the test data shall

equal or exceed the design yield strength.

No. 15
b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and control

purposes, the tensile strength shall be at least 6 percent
greater than the yield strength of the section.

shortening of 2 percent of its original length without
cracking. The length of the specimen shall not be greater
than 20 times its least radius of gyration.
d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements of the
subparagraphs (a), (b), or (c) above, as applicable, two
retests shall be made of specimens from the same lot.
Failure of one of the retest specimens to meet such
requirements shall be the cause for rejection of the lot
represented by the specimens.
1002.3 WELDING ELECTRODES

The following electrodes shall be used for arc welding:
a) For connected members both having a specified yield
strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa).
AWS A5.1: E70XX
AWS A5.5: E70XX-X
combination
AWS A5.18: ER70S-X, E70C-XC, E70C-XM
AWS A5.23: F7XX-EXXX-XX, F7XX-ECXXX-XX
AWS A5.28: ER70S-XXX, E70C-XXX
AWS A5.29: E7XTX-X, E7XTX-XM
88
When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to

one of the following:
SECTION 1003.
DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURE
1003.1 METHOD
Joist Girders shall be designed in accordance with this specification as simply supported primary members. All loads
shall be applied through steel joists, and will be equal in
magnitude and evenly spaced along the joist girder top
chord. Where any applicable design feature is not specifically covered herein, the design shall be in accordance with
the following specifications:
a) Where the steel used consists of hot-rolled shapes, bars
or plates, use the American Institute of Steel
Construction, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.
b) For members that are cold-formed from sheet or strip
steel, use the American Iron and Steel Institute, North
Design Basis:
JOIST GIRDERS
Load Combinations:
Stresses:
LRFD:
(a) Tension: t = 0.90 (LRFD) t = 1.67 (ASD)
When load combinations are not specified to the joist manufacturer, the required stress shall be computed for the factored loads based on the factors and load combinations as
follows:
1.4D

(1003.2-1)
(1003.2-2)
1.2D + 1.6 ( L, or Lr, or S, or R )

ASD:
When load combinations are not specified to the joist manufacturer, the required stress shall be computed based on
the load combinations as follows:
D
For members with
4.71
y
Fe
Where:
E
QFy
QF
Fcr = Q 0.658
D + ( L, or Lr, or S, or R )
For members with
> 4.71
Fy
(1003.2-3)
E
QFy

Fcr = 0.877Fe
Lr = roof live load
(1003.2-4)
S = snow load
When special loads are specified and the specifying professional does not provide the load combinations, the provisions of ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
Other Structures shall be used for LRFD and ASD load
combinations.

Joist Girders shall have their components so proportioned
that the required stresses, fu, shall not exceed Fn where,
fu
required stress
ksi (MPa)
Fn
nominal stress
ksi (MPa)
resistance factor
Fn
design stress

Joist Girders shall have their components so proportioned
that the required stresses, f, shall not exceed Fn/ where,
f
required stress
ksi (MPa)
Fn
nominal stress
ksi (MPa)
Fn/ =
safety factor
Where Fe = Elastic bucking stress determined in

accordance with Equation 1003.2-5.
2
Fe =
E2
l
(1003.2-5)

(1003.2-6)
(1003.2-7)
In the above equations, l is taken as the distance, in inches (millimeters), between panel points for the chord members and the appropriate length for web members, and r is
the corresponding least radius of gyration of the member or
any component thereof. E is equal to 29,000 ksi (200,000
MPa).
member when a moment-resistant weld group is not used
for this member; where rx = member radius of gyration in
the plane of the joist.
For cold-formed sections, the method of calculating the
nominal column strength is given in the AISI, North
allowable stress
89
JOIST GIRDERS
section modulus.
Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa)
(1003.2-8)
(1003.2-9)

(1003.2-10)
(1003.2-11)
For bearing plates:

(1003.2-12)
(1003.2-13)
(d) Weld Strength:

Shear at throat of fillet welds:
Nominal Shear Stress = Fnw = 0.6Fexx (1003.2-14)
LRFD: w = 0.75
Design Shear Strength =
Rn = wFnw A = 0.45Fexx A
(1003.2-15)
ASD: w = 2.0
Allowable Shear Strength =
Rn / w = Fnw A / w = 0.3Fexx A
(1003.2-16)
A = effective throat area

Made with E70 series electrodes or F7XX-EXXX fluxelectrode combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fexx = 70 ksi (483 MPa)
Made with E60 series electrodes or F6XX-EXXX fluxelectrode combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fexx = 60 ksi (414 MPa)
Tension or compression on groove or butt welds shall be
the same as those specified for the connected material.
1003.3 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIOS *

The slenderness ratio l/r, where l is the length center-tocenter of support points and r is the corresponding least
radius of gyration, shall not exceed the following:
Top chord interior panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Top chord end panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Compression members other than top chord . . . . . . . . 200
Tension members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
The top chord shall be designed as an axial loaded compression member. The radius of gyration of the top chord
about the vertical axis shall not be less than Span/575.
The top chord shall be considered as stayed laterally by
the steel joists provided positive attachment is made.
(b) Web
members shall be determined from full loading, but such
vertical shear shall be not less than 25 percent of the end
reaction.
type web systems that do not support the direct loads
through steel joists shall be designed to resist an axial
load of 2 percent of the top chord axial force.
Tension members shall be designed to resist at least 25
percent of their axial force in compression.
(c) Fillers and Ties
In compression members composed of two components, when fillers, ties or welds are used, they shall be
spaced so the l/r ratio for each component does not
exceed the l/r ratio of the member as a whole. In tension members composed of two components, when
fillers, ties or welds are used, they shall be spaced so that
the l/r ratio of each component does not exceed 240.
The least radius of gyration shall be used in computing
the l/r ratio of a component.
(d) Eccentricity
Members connected at a joint shall have their center of
gravity lines meet at a point, if practical. Eccentricity on
either side of the centroid of chord members may be neglected when it does not exceed the distance between the
centroid and the back of the chord. Otherwise, provision
shall be made for the stresses due to eccentricity. Ends of
Joist Girders shall be proportioned to resist bending produced by eccentricity at the support.
In those cases where a single angle compression member is attached to the outside of the stem of a tee or double angle chord, due consideration shall be given to
eccentricity.
(e) Extended Ends
Extended top chords or full depth cantilever ends require
the special attention of the specifying professional. The
magnitude and location of the loads to be supported,
deflection requirements, and proper bracing shall be clearly indicated on the structural drawings.
1003.4 MEMBERS
(a) Chords
tension member. The radius of gyration of the bottom
chord about its vertical axis shall not be less than l/240
where l is the distance between lines of bracing.
90
JOIST GIRDERS
1003.5 CONNECTIONS
(a) Methods
Joint connections and splices shall be made by attaching the members to one another by arc or resistance
welding or other accredited methods.
manufacturer. Prior to this inspection, weld slag
shall be removed.
(c) Field Splices

Field Splices shall be designed by the manufacturer and
may be either bolted or welded. Splices shall be
designed for the member force, but not less than 50 percent of the member strength.
1003.6 CAMBER
Joist Girders shall have approximate cambers in accordance
with the following:
TABLE 1003.6-1
Top Chord Length
Approximate Camber
c) Thorough fusion shall exist between layers of weld

metal and between weld metal and base metal for
the required design length of the weld; such fusion
shall be verified by visual inspection.
20'-0"
(6096 mm)
1/4"
(6 mm)
30'-0"
(9144 mm)
3/8"
(10 mm)
40'-0"
(12192 mm)
5/8"
(16 mm)

50'-0"
(15240 mm)
1"
(25 mm)
60'-0"
(18288 mm)
1 1/2"
(38 mm)

70'-0"
(21336 mm)
2"
(51 mm)
80'-0"
(24384 mm)
2 3/4"
(70 mm)
f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity diameters shall

not exceed 1/16 inch (2 millimeters) in any 1 inch
(25 millimeters) of design weld length.
g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with paint
coverage is acceptable.
(2) Welding Program
weld sampling and testing.
(3) Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See Section
1004.10 of this specification).
Section 1003.5(a)(1). Ultrasonic, X-Ray, and magnetic
particle testing are inappropriate for Joists Girders due to
the configurations of the components and welds.
(b) Strength
(1) Joint Connections Joint connections shall develop
the maximum force due to any of the design loads,
but not less than 50 percent of the strength of the
member in tension or compression, whichever force is
the controlling factor in the selection of the member.
(2) Shop Splices - Shop splices may occur at any point in
chord or web members. Splices shall be designed for
the member force but not less than 50 percent of the
member strength. Members containing a butt weld
splice shall develop an ultimate tensile force of at
least 57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of the
chord or web. The term member shall be defined
as all component parts comprising the chord or web,
at the point of splice.
90'-0"
(27342 mm)
3 1/2"
(89 mm)
100'-0"
(30480 mm)
4 1/4"
(108 mm)
110'-0"
(33528 mm)
5"
(127 mm)
120'-0"
(36576 mm)
6"
(152 mm)
The specifying professional shall give consideration to coordinating Joist Girder camber with adjacent framing.

Companies manufacturing Joist Girders shall submit
design data to the Steel Joist Institute (or an independent
agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute) for verification
of compliance with the SJI Specifications.
(b) In-Plant Inspections
Joist Girders through periodic In-Plant Inspections.
Inspections shall be performed by an independent
agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute. The frequency, manner of inspection, and manner of reporting
shall be determined by the Steel Joist Institute. The InPlant Inspections are not a guarantee of the quality of
any specific Joist Girder; this responsibility lies fully and
solely with the individual manufacturer.
91
JOIST GIRDERS
SECTION 1004.
APPLICATION
1004.1 USAGE
This specification shall apply to any type of structure where
steel joists are to be supported directly by Joist Girders
installed as hereinafter specified. Where Joist Girders are
used other than on simple spans under equal concentrated
gravity loading, as prescribed in Section 1003.1, they shall
be investigated and modified if necessary to limit the unit
stresses to those listed in Section 1003.2. The magnitude
and location of all loads and forces, other than equal concentrated gravity loading, shall be provided on the structural
drawings. The specifying professional shall design the supporting structure, including the design of columns, connections, and moment plates*. This design shall account for the
stresses caused by lateral forces and the stresses due to
connecting the bottom chord to the column or other support.
plates shall be shown on the structural drawings by the
specifying professional. The moment plates shall be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.
Technical Digest #11, Design of Joist-Girder Frames
1004.2 SPAN
The span of a Joist Girder shall not exceed 24 times its depth.
1004.3 DEPTH
Joist Girders may have either parallel top chords or a top
chord slope of 1/8 inch per foot (1:96). The nominal depth of
sloping chord Joist Girders shall be the depth at mid-span.
1004.4 END SUPPORTS

Joist Girders supported by masonry or concrete are to bear
on steel bearing plates and shall be designed as steel bearing. Due consideration of the end reactions and all other
vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying
professional in the design of the steel bearing plate and the
masonry or concrete. The ends of Joist Girders shall extend
a distance of not less than 6 inches (152 millimeters) over
the masonry or concrete support and be anchored to the
steel bearing plate. The plate shall be located not more than
1/2 inch (13 millimeters) from the face of the wall and shall
be not less than 9 inches (229 millimeters) wide perpendicular to the length of the girder. The plate is to be designed
by the specifying professional and shall be furnished by
92
specifying professional. The girders must bear a minimum

of 4 inches (102 millimeters) on the steel bearing plate.
(b) Steel
professional in the design of the steel support. The ends
of Joist Girders shall extend a distance of not less than 4
inches (102 millimeters) over the steel supports and shall
have positive attachment to the support, either by bolting
or welding.
1004.5 BRACING
Joist Girders shall be proportioned such that they can be
erected without bridging (See Section 1004.9 for bracing
required for uplift forces). Therefore, the following requirements must be met:
a) The ends of the bottom chord are restrained from lateral movement to brace the girder from overturning.
For Joist Girders at columns in steel frames, restraint
shall be provided by a stabilizer plate on the column.
b) No other loads shall be placed on the Joist Girder until
the steel joists bearing on the girder are in place and
welded to the girder.
1004.6 END ANCHORAGE

Ends of Joist Girders resting on steel bearing plates on
masonry or structural concrete shall be attached thereto
with a minimum of two 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) fillet welds
2 inches (51 millimeters) long, or with two 3/4 inch (19 millimeters) bolts, or the equivalent.
(b) Steel
Ends of Joist Girders resting on steel supports shall be
attached thereto with a minimum of two 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) fillet welds 2 inches (51 millimeters) long, or with
two 3/4 inch (19 millimeters) bolts, or the equivalent. In
steel frames, bearing seats for Joist Girders shall be fabricated to allow for field bolting.
(c) Uplift
Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof Joist
Girders shall be anchored to resist such forces (Refer to
Section 1004.9).
1004.7 DEFLECTION
The deflections due to the design live load shall not exceed
the following:
or suspended.
JOIST GIRDERS
effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection of Joist
Girders.
a) The seat at each end of the Joist Girder is attached in

accordance with Section 1004.6.

Technical Digest #5, Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete
Slab Floors and the Institutes Computer Vibration
Program.
When a bolted seat connection is used for erection purposes, as a minimum, the bolts must be snug tightened.
The snug tight condition is defined as the tightness that
exists when all plies of a joint are in firm contact. This
may be attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench or
the full effort of an employee using an ordinary spud
wrench.
1004.8 PONDING*
professional.
Roofs to Resist Ponding Loads and AISC
Specifications.
1004.9 UPLIFT
contract drawings must indicate if the net uplift is based on
ASD or LRFD. When these forces are specified, they must
be considered in the design of Joist Girders and/or bracing.
If the ends of the bottom chord are not strutted, bracing
must be provided near the first bottom chord panel points
whenever uplift due to wind forces is a design consideration.*
Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads.
1004.10 INSPECTION
Joist Girders shall be inspected by the manufacturer before
shipment to verify compliance of materials and workmanship
with the requirements of this specification. If the purchaser
wishes an inspection of the Joist Girders by someone other
than the manufacturers own inspectors, they may reserve
the right to do so in their Invitation to Bid or the accompanying Job Specifications. Arrangements shall be made
with the manufacturer for such inspection of the Joist
Girders at the manufacturing shop by the purchasers
inspectors at purchasers expense.
SECTION 1005.*
HANDLING AND
ERECTION
Particular attention should be paid to the erection of Joist
Girders.
Care shall be exercised at all times to avoid damage through
careless handling during unloading, storing and erecting.
Dropping of Joist Girders shall not be permitted.
In steel framing, where Joist Girders are utilized at column lines,
the Joist Girder shall be field-bolted at the column. Before
hoisting cables are released and before an employee is allowed
on the Joist Girder the following conditions must be met:
b) Where stabilizer plates are required the Joist Girder bottom chord must engage the stabilizer plate.
During the construction period, the contractor shall provide
means for the adequate distribution of loads so that the carrying capacity of any Joist Girder is not exceeded.
Joist Girders shall not be used as anchorage points for a fall
arrest system unless written direction to do so is obtained
from a qualified person.(1)
Field welding shall not damage the Joist Girder. The total
length of weld at any one cross-section on cold-formed
members whose yield strength has been attained by cold
working and whose as-formed strength is used in the
design, shall not exceed 50 percent of the overall developed
width of the cold-formed section.
(1)

person.
SECTION 1006.
HOW TO SPECIFY
JOIST GIRDERS
For a given Joist Girder span, the specifying professional first
determines the number of joist spaces. Then the panel point
loads are calculated and a depth is selected. The following
tables give the Joist Girder weight in pounds per linear foot
(kiloNewtons per meter) for various depths and loads.
1. The purpose of the Joist Girder Design Guide Weight Table
is to assist the specifying professional in the selection of a
roof or floor support system.
2. It is not necessary to use only the depths, spans, or loads
shown in the tables.
3. Holes in chord elements present special problems which
must be considered by both the specifying professional
and the Joist Girder Manufacturer. The sizes and locations
of such holes shall be clearly indicated on the structural
drawings.
93
JOIST GIRDERS
Example using Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) and U. S. Customary units:
17.4K
17.4K
Joist
Space
17.4K
17.4K
17.4K
17.4K
e) Check live load deflection:

Live load = 30 psf x 50 ft = 1500 plf
Approximate Joist Girder moment of inertia
17.4K
= 0.018 NPLd
Depth
= 0.018 x 8 x 17.4 x 42 x 44 = 4630 in.4

Allowable deflection for plastered ceilings
Joist Girder Span (C.L. of Column to C.L. of Column)
42(12)
360
= L/360 =
STANDARD DESIGNATION
44G
8N
17.4F
Depth in
Inches
Number of
Joist Spaces
Factored Load in Kips

at Each Panel Point
5wL4
384EI
Deflection = 1.15
= 1.40 in.
= 1.15(5)(1.500/12)(42x12)4
384(29000)(4630)
= 0.90 in. < 1.40 in., Okay

Given 42'-0" x 50"-0" bay. Joists spaced on 5'-3" centers
Live Load = 30 psf x 1.6
Dead Load = 15 psf x 1.2
(includes the approximate Joist Girder weight)
Live load deflection rarely governs because of the relatively

small span-depth ratios of Joist Girders.
Example using Allowable Strength Design (ASD) and U. S.
Customary units:
Total Load = 66 psf (factored)
1. Determine number of actual joist spaces (N).

In this example, N = 8
11.9K
Joist
Space
11.9K
11.9K
11.9K
11.9K
11.9K
Depth
Note: Web configuration may vary from that shown. Contact

Joist Girder manufacturer if exact layout must be known.
11.9K
2. Compute total factored load:

Total load = 5.25 x 66 psf = 346.5 plf

3. Joist Girder Section: (Interior)
a) Compute the factored concentrated load at top chord
panel points
P = 346.5 x 50 = 17,325 lbs = 17.4 kips
(use 18K for depth selection).
b) Select Joist Girder depth:
Refer to the LRFD Joist Girder Design Guide Weight
Table for the 42'-0" span, 8 panel, 18.0K Joist Girder.
The rule of about one inch of depth for each foot of span
is a good compromise of limited depth and economy.
Therefore, select a depth of 44 inches.
c) The Joist Girder will then be designated 44G8N17.4F.
Note that the letter F is included at the end of the designation to clearly indicate that this is a factored load.
d) The LRFD Joist Girder Design Guide Weight Table
shows the weight for a 44G8N17.4K as 49 pounds per
linear foot. The designer should verify that the weight
is not greater than the weight assumed in the Dead
Load above.
44G
8N
Depth in
Inches
Number of
Joist Spaces
11.9K
Load in Kips at
Each Panel Point
Given 42'-0" x 50'-0" bay. Joists spaced on 5'-3" centers.

Live Load = 30 psf
Dead Load = 15 psf
(includes the approximate Joist Girder weight)
Total Load = 45 psf
In this example, N = 8
2. Compute total load:
Total load = 5.25 x 45 psf = 236.25 plf
3. Joist Girder Section: (Interior)
a) Compute the concentrated load at top chord panel points
P = 236.25 x 50 = 11,813 lbs = 11.9 kips
(use 12K for depth selection).
Refer to the ASD Joist Girder Design Guide Weight
Table for the 42'-0" span, 8 panel, 12.0K Joist Girder.
94
JOIST GIRDERS
The rule of about one inch of depth for each foot of
span is a good compromise of limited depth and economy. Therefore, select a depth of 44 inches.
c) The Joist Girder will then be designated 44G8N11.9K.
d) The ASD Joist Girder Design Guide Weight Table
shows the weight for a 44G8N12K as 49 pounds per
linear foot. The designer should verify that the weight
is not greater than the weight assumed in the Dead
Load above.
Live load = 30 psf x 50 ft = 1500 plf.
Approximate Joist Girder moment of inertia
= 0.027 NPLd
= 0.027 x 8 x 11.9 x 42 x 44 = 4750 in.4
42(12)
= L/360 =
= 1.40 in.
360
Deflection = 1.15
1.15(5)(1.500/12)(42x12)4
5wL4
=
384(29000)(4750)
384EI
3. Joist Girder Selection: (Interior)

a) Compute the factored concentrated load at top chord
panel points
P = 5.055 kN/m x 15.24 m = 77.0 kN (use 80.0 kN).
Refer to the LRFD Metric Joist Girder Design Guide
Weight Table for the 12800 mm span, 8 panel, 80.0 kN
Joist Girder. The rule of about one millimeter of depth for
each 12 millimeters of span is a good compromise of limited depth and economy. Therefore, select a depth of
1118 mm.
c) The Joist Girder will then be designated 1118G8N77.0F.
Note that the letter F is included at the end of the designation to clearly indicate that this is a factored load.
d) The LRFD Metric Joist Girder Design Guide Weight
Table shows the weight for a 1118G8N80F as 73 kg/m.
To convert the mass to a force multiply 73 kg/m x
0.0098 = 0.715 kN/m. The designer should verify that
the weight is not greater than the weight assumed in
the Dead Load above.
Live load = 1.436 kN/m2 x 15.24 m = 21.88 kN/m
= 0.88 in. < 1.40 in., Okay

Live load deflection rarely governs because of the relatively
small span-depth ratios of Joist Girders.
Joist Girder design example using Load and Resistance
Factor Design (LRFD) and Metric Units:
Depth
77.0 kN 77.0 kN 77.0 kN 77.0 kN 77.0 kN 77.0 kN 77.0 kN

Joist
Space
Approximate Joist Girder moment of inertia:

IJG = 0.2197NPLd where d = effective depth
= 0.2197 x 8 x 77.0 x 12800 x 1118
= 1937 x 106 mm4
12800
= L/360 =
= 35.56 mm
360
Deflection = 1.15
5wL4
384EI
1118G
8N
77.0F
Depth in
mm
Number of
Joist Spaces
Factored Load in kN
at Each Panel Point
1.15(5)(21.88)(12800)4
384(200000)(1937x106)
= 27.7 mm < 35.56 mm, Okay
Given 12.80 m x 15.24 m bay. Joists spaced on 1.600 m centers.

Live Load = 1.436 kN/m2 x 1.6
Dead Load = 0.718 kN/m2 x 1.2
(includes approximate Joist Girder weight)
Total Load = 3.160 kN/m2 (Factored)
In this example N = 8
Total Load = 1.600 m x 3.160 kN/m2 = 5.055 kN/m
95
JOIST GIRDERS
Joist Girder design example using Allowable Strength
Design (ASD) and Metric Units:

Live load = 1.436 kN/m2 x 15.24 m = 21.88 kN/m
Approximate Joist Girder moment of inertia:
52.5 kN 52.5 kN 52.5 kN 52.5 kN 52.5 kN 52.5 kN 52.5 kN
IJG = 0.3296NPLd where d = effective depth

= 0.3296 x 8 x 52.5 x 12800 x 1118
= 1981 x 106 mm4
Joist Girder Span (C.L of Column to C.L of Column)
Allowable deflection for

plastered ceilings = L/360 = 12800/360 = 35.56 mm
1118G
8N
52.5 kN
Depth in
mm
Number of
Joist Spaces
kN Load on Each
Panel Point
Deflection = 1.15
5wL4
384EI
1.15(5)(21.88)(12800)4
384(200000)(1981x106)
= 22.20 mm < 35.56 mm, Okay

Given 12.80 m x 15.24 m bay. Joists spaced on 1.600 m centers.
Live Load = 1.436 kN/m2
Dead Load 0.718 kN/m2
(includes approximate Joist Girder weight)
Total Load 2.155 kN/m2
In this example N = 8
Total Load = 1.600 m x 2.155 kN/m2 = 3.44 kN/m
3. Joist Girder Selection: (Interior)
a) Compute the concentrated load at top chord panel points
P = 3.44 kN/m x 15.24 m = 52.5 kN (use 54.0 kN).
Refer to the ASD Metric Joist Girder Design Guide
Weight Table for the 12800 mm span, 8 panel, 54.0 kN
Joist Girder. The rule of about one millimeter of depth for
each 12 millimeters of span is a good compromise of limited depth and economy. Therefore, select a depth of
1118 mm from the table.
c) The Joist Girder will then be designated 1118G8N52.5 kN.
d) The ASD Metric Joist Girder Design Guide Weight Table
shows the weight for a 1118G8N52.5K as 73 kg/m. To
convert the mass to a force multiply 73 kg/m by 0.0098
= 0.715 kN/m. The designer should verify that the
weight is not greater than the weight assumed in the
dead load above.
96
JOIST GIRDERS
DESIGN GUIDE LRFD WEIGHT TABLE

FOR JOIST GIRDERS
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
2N@
10.00
3N@
6.67
20
4N@
5.00
5N@
4.00
6N@
3.33
8N@
2.50
2N@
11.00
3N@
7.33
22
4N@
5.50
5N@
4.40
6N@
3.67
8N@
2.75
3N@
8.33
4N@
6.25
5N@
5.00
25
6N@
4.17
8N@
3.12
10N@
2.50
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
6.0
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
17
19
17
18
21
18
18
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
16
19
18
18
18
15
15
15
16
15
15
15
16
16
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
21
19
18
18
18
26
23
21
21
22
9.0
19
19
19
15
16
16
15
16
16
17
16
16
19
18
18
25
22
22
21
21
21
18
15
16
16
15
16
17
16
16
21
19
18
27
24
22
18
18
15
16
16
18
16
15
16
16
18
17
16
16
17
24
20
18
18
18
29
26
23
24
22
38
33
30
28
28
12.0
19
19
19
19
16
16
19
17
17
21
20
18
25
22
22
32
29
29
21
21
21
18
19
16
19
17
16
24
20
18
27
23
22
36
31
28
19
19
19
16
16
20
19
17
17
17
25
23
20
19
18
29
25
23
22
24
39
33
30
28
29
49
42
38
36
37
15.0
19
19
19
19
16
16
21
20
19
26
23
22
29
28
26
41
36
34
22
22
21
19
19
16
23
20
19
27
24
22
33
28
26
43
38
34
22
20
19
16
17
25
21
20
19
19
31
26
24
23
22
38
31
28
26
25
48
41
38
34
34
63
54
48
43
44
JOIST GIRDER WEIGHT POUNDS PER LINEAR FOOT

FACTORED LOAD ON EACH PANEL POINT KIPS
18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 54.0
19
20
24
24
25
30
37
41
46
19
20
21
21
25
28
32
36
41
19
20
20
21
23
26
28
32
39
20
23
24
27
31
36
44
48
54
19
20
23
26
27
33
36
45
47
17
20
24
24
26
31
36
44
46
25
29
33
38
41
50
57
65
71
23
26
29
32
35
44
50
55
62
22
25
28
30
34
39
49
50
59
31
36
39
48
51
62
71
82
99
26
30
35
39
43
53
60
68
80
27
28
33
37
39
48
55
64
68
36
41
50
57
58
72
82
99
107
31
37
43
46
53
61
70
85
102
30
33
40
42
47
58
68
76
83
51
58
65
72
82
99
118
139
142
42
50
54
61
69
86
103
107
128
40
47
54
61
67
76
88
107
112
22
23
24
24
25
34
39
43
49
22
22
23
24
24
30
33
41
41
22
22
22
23
24
37
30
33
41
22
24
26
29
33
42
45
53
68
20
23
24
26
30
35
40
45
48
19
20
23
24
27
32
36
45
47
26
30
36
39
44
55
62
71
82
25
27
29
34
38
48
52
58
71
22
25
28
32
35
40
49
54
60
34
38
42
49
55
65
75
96
98
28
33
38
40
48
56
62
73
85
26
30
32
38
41
51
57
65
73
39
49
56
57
65
79
97
106
118
32
39
45
51
58
66
82
98
101
30
34
39
44
50
61
70
76
89
56
64
71
80
96
106
135
138
46
53
60
68
75
101
105
125
145
40
47
54
62
69
79
87
106
118
26
27
30
37
41
49
59
66
70
22
25
26
28
32
39
43
51
59
20
23
24
27
29
34
39
45
47
20
21
23
24
27
32
36
44
46
17
20
24
24
26
32
36
40
45
29
35
39
42
49
55
70
78
93
26
29
33
37
40
50
57
64
72
24
25
29
34
37
43
51
58
66
21
25
28
32
35
40
49
54
60
21
26
26
29
34
38
49
50
56
38
43
51
55
58
73
93
100
109
32
36
42
47
53
61
75
81
98
28
31
37
41
47
56
62
72
79
26
30
33
38
41
51
57
65
73
26
28
31
36
39
48
54
64
69
45
55
58
69
78
94
104
116
134
37
44
50
56
64
75
97
99
107
32
38
44
51
55
67
73
87
101
30
34
39
44
50
61
69
77
89
30
36
39
43
49
58
67
74
84
58
70
78
94
99
115
134
50
57
65
75
81
99
118
138
44
53
60
67
75
86
103
116
127
39
47
54
65
71
78
87
105
117
40
46
52
61
63
76
87
101
114
78
94
100
115
134
65
75
89
99
104
130
56
64
74
84
101
109
134
147
52
62
69
76
87
107
118
130
153
52
64
71
77
85
100
116
130
151
60.0
50
42
40
74
53
49
88
71
63
99
91
77
118
102
96
66.0
56
49
42
75
56
53
97
85
72
109
101
93
138
111
109
72.0
62
52
46
81
68
57
100
90
86
120
103
95
141
123
112
78.0
70
53
48
84
79
68
107
100
91
141
110
107
84.0
75
66
49
89
82
80
120
102
91
142
120
111
144
119
147
130
149
124
55
45
42
70
55
52
95
79
72
111
100
86
137
109
102
153
135
62
51
46
76
61
54
96
89
79
126
101
92
155
69
55
48
84
74
59
106
98
87
137
110
102
166
76
61
51
88
81
74
119
101
90
78
73
58
94
84
82
134
107
97
116
105
133
111
120
104
142
113
144
127
148
149
131
76
67
55
52
48
99
88
72
69
63
125
102
93
83
75
152
86
71
59
54
53
109
97
89
79
73
134
112
101
93
88
164
89
81
67
58
54
119
100
90
86
85
97
84
81
74
68
134
106
101
91
88
102
89
82
81
79
135
120
102
96
92
129
106
102
96
140
117
105
101
125
111
108
118
104
102
98
138
120
105
108
134
113
116
143
127
117
145
148
129
147
129
121
152
136
154
148
166
167
157
97
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
3N@
9.33
4N@
7.00
5N@
5.60
28
6N@
4.67
7N@
4.00
8N@
3.50
10N@
2.80
3N@
10.00
4N@
7.50
5N@
6.00
30
6N@
5.00
8N@
3.75
10N@
3.00
3N@
10.67
4N@
8.00
32
5N@
6.40
6N@
5.33
8N@
4.00
98
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
6.0
18
18
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
15
16
18
17
16
20
18
17
24
23
21
18
18
18
16
16
15
15
16
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
21
20
18
17
25
24
22
22
18
16
17
15
18
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
17
16
16
16
22
19
18
18
9.0
18
18
18
16
15
15
18
17
17
21
20
19
24
22
21
28
25
24
36
30
30
18
18
18
19
18
16
16
16
19
17
17
17
24
20
19
18
32
30
26
23
38
36
31
30
19
17
17
17
19
18
15
16
20
18
17
17
24
21
20
19
32
27
25
24
12.0
19
19
19
20
18
17
24
21
20
28
24
23
32
27
27
37
32
29
46
41
38
21
19
19
19
23
21
18
17
25
23
21
20
29
27
24
23
40
37
34
32
51
47
39
39
21
18
18
19
23
20
20
17
27
24
22
21
31
27
25
24
40
35
32
31
15.0
22
20
19
24
21
20
29
26
24
35
30
28
41
35
31
48
39
38
57
50
46
24
22
20
19
29
25
22
22
30
27
24
24
37
32
29
26
51
44
42
39
66
57
52
48
26
24
21
20
26
24
22
21
33
28
26
24
39
35
30
28
54
45
39
38

18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 54.0
24
27
29
36
39
43
53
62
70
22
25
26
28
31
39
43
46
55
21
23
24
27
28
34
39
45
48
27
32
38
40
48
55
62
71
82
25
28
32
36
39
49
56
64
71
23
25
29
33
37
43
50
58
62
34
39
46
52
58
66
78
96
102
30
35
39
46
50
61
68
77
90
27
32
37
41
44
56
62
70
80
41
49
55
63
70
79
96
106
134
36
42
50
54
58
71
82
99
107
32
37
43
49
53
64
74
84
101
49
56
64
74
79
96
110
135
43
51
57
62
69
82
99
108
129
38
44
52
55
63
74
85
102
108
55
64
74
79
95
105
134
50
58
65
72
81
99
108
129
141
43
53
60
64
70
86
103
113
127
70
79
96
102
117
137
60
69
82
99
100
120
141
55
66
71
80
93
109
126
147
27
31
35
38
40
48
58
66
71
25
27
30
35
37
42
49
56
63
22
26
28
31
32
39
46
51
57
21
23
26
28
31
35
39
46
52
33
37
42
49
53
64
76
85
101
30
33
37
42
45
53
61
73
81
26
30
34
37
43
51
55
62
70
24
27
31
34
36
46
52
59
64
37
43
51
55
58
73
86
96
109
32
37
44
47
53
61
75
88
97
29
35
39
43
48
56
63
77
90
27
31
36
40
43
51
60
70
80
45
52
58
66
73
94
104
116
134
38
44
50
57
65
75
97
99
107
34
40
45
51
58
65
82
98
100
31
37
41
46
52
61
70
84
101
63
73
83
99
111
124
146
53
61
73
80
86
114
126
149
49
55
63
71
79
104
117
130
154
46
54
61
69
76
89
108
121
134
78
99
111
123
134
69
80
94
113
116
138
58
74
82
95
105
129
142
54
68
79
84
91
119
132
151
27
34
38
40
42
54
61
70
75
26
28
31
34
37
43
55
60
69
25
26
28
32
34
39
44
54
61
23
25
26
28
30
38
40
45
51
32
37
40
47
55
61
72
86
94
28
32
37
40
45
55
62
70
78
25
29
32
36
39
49
56
64
71
24
26
30
34
36
43
50
58
65
39
44
51
57
65
77
93
100
123
34
39
46
52
58
66
74
96
101
32
35
41
46
53
61
68
77
90
27
33
37
42
47
56
62
70
79
47
55
61
69
76
94
103
133
134
40
48
55
60
67
79
96
105
117
36
42
50
54
58
71
82
99
103
34
38
44
49
55
66
73
84
101
61
72
86
93
103
133
55
63
70
80
95
105
134
137
50
58
65
71
81
99
109
120
141
43
53
59
67
71
86
103
113
127
60.0
71
61
53
95
79
70
111
99
93
137
118
102
66.0
78
66
58
104
96
85
126
107
102
72.0
85
76
66
106
97
90
136
114
107
78.0
89
83
80
120
106
99
84.0
98
86
81
135
107
102
130
112
142
119
138
111
142
123
144
146
140
123
143
146
147
149
80
70
64
57
104
86
77
74
125
102
100
86
92
79
71
64
126
103
87
78
134
112
101
94
98
82
73
65
127
104
103
88
117
93
83
73
149
126
105
91
119
99
84
75
150
128
116
105
128
107
103
138
117
110
133
118
137
109
102
140
121
111
142
123
144
126
148
161
154
169
84
70
62
53
103
94
83
70
133
110
99
93
88
76
67
58
114
96
82
85
102
85
77
67
133
105
97
90
102
89
80
81
134
121
102
99
135
107
102
126
105
102
137
114
106
130
117
142
120
137
118
102
139
111
142
123
144
146
147
113
93
86
77
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
4N@
8.75
5N@
7.00
35
6N@
5.83
7N@
5.00
8N@
4.38
4N@
9.50
5N@
7.60
38
6N@
6.33
8N@
4.75
4N@
10.00
5N@
8.00
6N@
6.67
40
7N@
5.71
8N@
5.00
10N@
4.00
28
32
36
40
28
32
36
40
28
32
36
40
28
32
36
40
28
32
36
40
32
36
40
44
32
36
40
44
32
36
40
44
32
36
40
44
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
6.0
16
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
17
16
16
16
19
17
17
17
21
20
19
18
16
15
15
16
15
16
16
17
17
16
16
17
20
19
19
20
17
17
17
16
17
15
16
16
17
17
16
17
16
17
17
18
17
17
20
20
21
19
19
21
20
29
25
24
23
23
9.0
19
18
16
16
20
18
17
17
24
21
20
20
27
24
23
22
30
27
26
24
19
17
16
16
20
20
20
20
24
21
21
20
29
28
26
24
20
19
18
17
17
21
20
20
20
20
24
22
21
21
21
26
24
24
22
23
29
27
25
27
25
39
36
36
32
32
12.0
23
21
20
17
26
24
23
22
30
27
25
24
34
30
28
27
39
36
32
30
21
21
20
20
25
24
23
22
30
27
25
24
38
35
32
30
23
22
22
20
20
26
24
24
23
23
30
27
26
24
24
33
31
29
28
28
38
36
34
33
32
51
47
45
41
41
15.0
27
24
23
21
32
29
27
25
37
33
31
28
43
39
35
32
48
42
39
37
26
24
23
22
31
28
26
25
35
33
31
29
47
42
40
39
29
29
25
24
24
32
30
27
29
26
38
34
30
28
31
43
39
35
33
36
48
46
39
39
42
64
60
56
51
52

18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 54.0
31
36
41
46
52
60
74
79
94
28
33
37
39
45
53
60
73
80
27
30
33
37
41
561
55
62
74
26
27
30
37
38
46
52
61
64
37
43
52
57
59
73
86
100
109
34
37
45
50
53
66
75
88
100
29
35
40
46
48
62
68
77
90
27
33
37
43
47
56
63
70
80
44
52
58
65
73
93
103
115
134
38
46
53
57
65
79
96
100
117
36
41
48
54
58
70
81
99
102
34
38
44
49
55
64
77
84
101
52
59
66
74
86
101
115
135
47
53
61
67
75
97
103
118
137
42
48
55
62
69
82
99
105
120
39
44
50
55
63
73
86
102
107
59
69
78
94
98
115
136
53
61
69
79
88
101
118
138
48
55
62
71
77
99
109
121
141
44
54
60
65
73
86
102
113
127
31
34
39
43
48
58
67
74
87
28
33
35
39
44
53
60
74
75
27
30
34
37
41
51
55
62
74
26
28
30
35
38
46
52
58
65
36
42
46
52
59
70
86
96
101
33
38
45
47
53
64
74
89
98
31
35
40
46
48
59
70
78
91
30
33
39
41
48
56
63
75
80
41
49
55
62
70
86
98
105
125
39
47
50
57
61
75
89
100
107
36
40
48
55
59
71
82
99
102
33
38
44
49
55
64
77
84
102
56
64
74
86
95
105
135
50
57
65
76
81
101
113
138
140
48
55
62
67
78
100
103
121
142
47
51
57
64
71
86
102
113
127
37
40
47
50
56
64
73
86
103
31
37
40
44
51
57
65
74
87
29
33
37
40
47
52
62
73
77
29
31
36
38
41
49
59
66
74
25
30
32
37
39
48
53
59
67
38
43
52
55
62
73
86
101
109
34
39
45
53
55
66
74
88
102
32
37
41
46
51
62
68
77
90
32
37
41
49
50
58
70
82
84
31
34
40
41
50
57
68
75
85
44
52
58
65
72
93
100
115
133
39
47
53
60
67
79
97
102
117
36
43
48
54
62
71
82
99
103
36
40
47
51
55
66
78
91
102
36
42
46
53
57
69
79
86
100
52
58
66
74
86
101
115
135
47
53
61
67
75
97
103
117
136
43
49
55
62
69
82
99
105
119
39
48
55
59
64
78
92
102
111
41
48
54
61
66
80
86
108
122
58
67
78
94
96
115
135
53
60
68
80
88
102
118
137
49
58
65
72
82
99
109
120
141
47
56
63
70
75
93
103
120
136
47
55
62
69
80
90
104
122
136
79
92
112
123
125
149
69
81
94
103
125
150
66
75
82
96
115
129
152
60
71
82
84
99
119
143
161
58
68
76
85
94
121
134
152
60.0
100
92
83
75
126
102
100
95
66.0
111
100
94
90
136
112
104
102
72.0
117
106
97
95
78.0
137
112
107
96
84.0
138
127
113
108
128
115
107
138
131
115
133
125
139
113
104
140
121
115
142
123
144
145
146
141
118
144
133
147
147
100
93
83
75
111
103
101
93
136
118
109
104
149
101
97
94
90
126
112
105
102
111
106
98
95
137
129
113
107
127
112
107
95
138
123
109
108
138
117
111
134
118
141
121
115
142
143
123
142
145
147
128
125
104
96
85
149
127
117
106
99
151
128
127
106
106
128
115
118
119
138
130
130
120
142
141
132
146
164
144
147
114
103
87
78
78
124
102
100
99
95
149
126
104
96
84
78
134
112
105
116
100
137
114
107
109
141
130
116
132
142
134
133
142
135
140
122
134
143
136
164
167
147
155
170
99
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
4N@
10.50
5N@
8.40
6N@
7.00
42
7N@
6.00
8N@
5.25
10N@
4.20
4N@
11.25
5N@
9.00
6N@
7.50
45
7N@
6.43
8N@
5.62
9N@
5.00
10N@
4.50
100
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
6.0
16
16
16
16
16
16
15
16
16
17
18
17
17
16
20
20
19
18
20
18
22
20
20
20
21
27
25
24
23
23
18
19
19
18
18
16
16
16
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
18
21
20
20
21
22
24
22
23
23
23
26
25
24
24
23
9.0
21
19
19
19
19
22
21
21
20
20
25
23
21
21
20
28
26
24
23
23
32
27
26
25
26
38
36
34
31
30
21
21
21
21
22
22
21
21
21
21
24
23
21
21
21
27
26
24
23
23
30
28
27
26
28
34
31
31
29
28
38
35
33
31
31
12.0
25
22
21
20
21
28
25
24
24
23
32
30
26
24
25
36
34
31
29
28
40
38
35
32
32
52
46
45
41
39
25
22
22
22
23
27
25
24
24
24
31
28
27
26
25
35
33
30
29
28
38
36
34
32
33
45
39
39
37
36
49
47
46
40
39
15.0
29
26
24
23
24
35
31
28
27
27
39
35
33
31
29
45
40
38
35
34
51
46
42
39
41
62
60
54
52
49
28
27
24
24
24
33
30
29
27
27
38
34
32
30
29
44
40
39
36
34
48
46
41
39
42
55
49
48
47
46
60
60
54
49
50

18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 54.0
34
38
43
49
53
67
74
86
99
32
35
39
44
47
58
67
73
87
28
34
36
41
45
53
61
73
76
27
31
34
38
42
51
55
62
74
26
29
32
36
39
47
54
62
65
41
45
52
57
66
74
88
100
110
36
42
46
52
59
70
85
96
102
33
39
44
51
54
64
74
89
98
31
37
40
46
52
59
69
78
91
30
35
39
42
48
57
63
75
81
45
55
61
69
77
93
103
124
135
41
49
56
60
67
79
96
105
117
39
46
54
57
61
75
89
100
108
35
41
48
54
59
71
81
100
102
33
39
44
49
56
64
77
85
102
52
65
72
85
93
102
125
49
56
67
74
79
98
110
127
138
46
54
61
68
75
90
101
113
129
41
49
55
63
70
78
100
106
116
39
44
50
56
64
73
92
102
108
62
72
78
94
100
124
135
56
64
74
79
96
105
126
138
51
57
65
76
81
101
113
138
141
49
55
63
70
78
99
107
121
142
48
56
63
67
74
93
103
112
128
77
94
101
114
134
70
86
97
102
112
140
64
75
89
99
104
129
61
70
79
91
100
114
143
56
66
72
80
93
107
125
146
33
38
42
46
52
62
72
79
95
31
35
39
44
47
55
64
75
87
29
33
37
39
45
53
61
74
76
28
31
34
38
40
51
55
63
75
27
29
33
37
39
47
52
60
66
38
44
52
55
63
74
86
101
109
36
42
45
53
56
68
75
88
102
34
38
44
46
54
65
74
85
90
32
36
41
45
52
59
67
75
91
30
35
39
42
48
57
64
75
81
45
52
58
66
74
93
100
115
134
40
47
53
60
67
79
97
103
117
38
46
50
54
62
76
90
100
107
36
42
48
55
59
69
78
92
102
34
39
44
50
56
64
77
85
102
52
58
66
74
86
101
115
135
47
54
61
67
75
97
105
127
138
46
54
61
62
69
90
100
113
129
41
49
55
63
70
79
92
107
117
39
45
50
56
65
73
93
102
109
58
67
78
94
98
114
135
53
61
68
80
89
105
118
137
51
58
66
73
81
99
109
130
141
47
55
63
68
74
92
104
116
142
48
54
59
67
71
94
102
112
127
66
74
88
98
104
135
61
69
80
89
100
113
138
58
66
76
89
99
108
132
55
63
70
79
91
106
117
133
55
60
70
73
84
102
112
135
148
73
86
98
105
116
137
66
76
90
102
112
140
64
72
89
99
104
130
142
62
71
78
91
100
114
134
56
67
72
80
93
107
123
147
60.0
101
95
93
84
75
125
111
103
101
95
66.0
112
101
97
94
90
72.0
125
112
97
97
95
78.0
134
118
113
108
97
84.0
138
129
122
109
108
126
113
105
102
137
129
113
107
130
126
115
134
118
137
119
109
104
141
121
115
142
143
124
142
145
147
142
132
118
145
136
149
117
112
102
95
95
128
113
108
107
96
138
128
114
109
109
128
123
112
107
130
118
117
142
134
119
143
136
148
147
148
100
95
89
83
76
125
111
103
95
94
112
101
95
94
91
136
122
110
106
98
137
118
110
102
140
139
122
116
142
143
124
143
133
118
145
136
149
146
148
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
5N@
9.60
6N@
8.00
48
8N@
6.00
9N@
5.33
12N@
4.00
5N@
10.00
6N@
8.33
8N@
6.25
50
9N@
5.56
10N@
5.00
12N@
4.17
36
40
44
48
52
56
36
40
44
48
52
56
36
40
44
48
52
56
36
40
44
48
52
56
36
40
44
48
52
56
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
6.0
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
30
28
27
26
26
25
35
34
33
33
31
31
35
34
31
30
30
27
18
17
19
20
20
20
20
19
19
20
20
21
22
21
21
21
24
24
24
23
24
24
24
24
26
25
24
24
23
24
34
31
30
30
27
27
9.0
26
23
22
21
21
21
28
25
24
23
23
22
36
33
32
30
30
28
44
42
39
37
36
35
52
48
44
41
39
38
23
22
22
22
22
20
28
24
23
23
23
23
31
29
27
25
29
27
34
32
32
31
30
32
38
36
34
34
32
31
49
44
41
39
40
39
12.0
31
29
27
25
25
24
35
33
31
30
27
27
45
42
39
37
36
36
55
52
50
46
46
44
71
65
57
53
52
49
30
29
28
25
25
24
34
31
30
30
26
27
39
37
35
33
36
35
44
40
42
40
38
38
49
47
46
45
41
40
65
57
58
53
52
49
15.0
37
35
32
30
29
29
42
39
36
35
32
31
56
51
49
47
44
43
70
63
59
56
54
53
84
76
73
67
61
61
38
34
31
31
30
30
42
38
37
36
33
33
51
47
42
40
42
40
55
53
52
47
46
49
60
60
54
52
48
49
80
73
67
68
61
61

18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 54.0
45
52
59
66
71
87
111
113
135
41
46
52
59
68
77
92
112
114
37
44
48
54
61
69
80
93
113
36
40
48
48
55
69
78
90
96
33
39
42
50
54
62
71
82
92
33
38
40
46
50
59
71
79
85
51
62
70
78
83
100
122
134
147
47
56
64
71
79
93
112
124
137
45
50
57
65
73
81
102
115
127
40
48
52
59
67
78
95
105
116
38
46
51
59
60
75
83
97
107
37
42
48
54
61
69
80
91
107
64
78
91
100
122
134
59
70
80
92
101
124
148
55
65
74
82
95
114
127
150
53
60
68
76
84
105
129
131
154
51
59
65
71
80
99
119
132
146
49
57
63
69
78
90
109
123
136
79
91
99
121
122
146
74
88
93
101
113
136
69
83
91
94
103
126
150
66
76
85
94
97
118
130
63
72
80
95
101
108
132
152
62
69
80
89
98
103
123
137
165
100
123
135
148
93
113
125
137
149
82
102
115
126
139
76
88
104
117
130
153
76
84
97
107
131
144
70
81
91
108
122
135
165
44
47
56
60
68
79
93
113
124
40
46
51
56
61
76
89
94
113
38
42
48
55
61
69
78
94
96
35
40
45
49
55
62
74
82
96
32
40
43
50
51
63
71
83
92
33
36
42
46
51
58
65
76
86
48
56
64
71
80
100
112
124
147
47
50
57
65
73
85
102
124
127
40
49
57
65
67
82
95
115
127
40
46
52
59
67
75
84
105
117
39
42
51
54
60
72
84
98
107
38
43
49
53
61
70
80
87
102
59
67
78
86
96
110
135
53
61
70
80
96
103
118
139
51
58
69
76
81
99
114
130
142
49
55
63
70
78
99
107
121
141
47
56
64
68
78
94
108
118
137
47
55
61
69
74
83
103
110
123
66
74
86
96
104
134
61
69
80
88
98
113
138
58
69
77
90
99
111
133
58
66
74
79
92
106
126
143
55
60
68
77
89
102
116
135
53
61
70
75
83
97
111
125
141
74
87
96
104
116
136
68
84
96
102
112
140
65
76
89
99
103
130
62
70
79
91
100
114
134
60
70
76
87
93
107
134
146
57
66
73
81
94
109
119
138
100
112
125
147
86
102
126
127
149
82
96
115
127
130
154
76
84
105
118
130
154
70
85
99
108
122
135
164
70
82
88
104
112
135
166
60.0
136
136
116
115
99
100
66.0
72.0
78.0
84.0
138
126
116
117
100
139
128
118
119
150
140
130
120
142
141
133
151
141
131
132
160
144
134
162
153
165
136
126
115
116
99
96
138
137
127
117
117
101
139
139
129
119
120
141
141
131
121
142
142
133
149
129
129
120
110
151
131
132
123
153
144
134
162
163
154
164
165
148
139
149
148
138
129
130
120
164
155
101
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
5N@
11.00
6N@
9.17
55
7N@
7.86
9N@
6.11
11N@
5.00
5N@
12.00
6N@
10.00
8N@
7.50
60
10N@
6.00
12N@
5.00
15N@
4.00
102
44
48
52
56
60
66
44
48
52
56
60
66
44
48
52
56
60
66
44
48
52
56
60
66
44
48
52
56
60
66
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
6.0
21
21
20
20
23
24
19
20
20
18
20
19
21
21
21
20
21
22
24
24
25
24
24
24
30
28
27
27
26
26
21
21
22
22
24
25
20
20
19
19
19
22
24
23
23
23
28
29
26
28
27
25
27
26
33
31
29
30
32
29
40
39
38
38
35
35
7.5
21
21
22
21
24
24
22
22
22
21
21
20
24
24
23
22
22
22
29
28
30
29
27
27
36
33
34
33
31
31
23
22
23
23
24
25
24
23
24
23
23
22
29
29
26
26
30
30
32
34
33
31
32
32
39
37
36
35
35
33
49
48
46
42
41
44
9.0
24
23
23
24
24
24
26
24
24
24
24
22
28
27
26
25
24
24
34
32
33
32
32
31
43
39
37
39
37
36
27
27
24
24
24
25
29
28
25
24
24
24
34
31
31
32
33
31
37
38
37
37
37
33
46
45
41
39
41
38
64
57
53
51
49
46
10.5
25
24
25
24
24
25
29
28
26
25
25
24
33
31
29
28
27
26
39
38
39
38
36
35
49
45
44
42
40
39
29
28
28
28
26
25
32
30
30
29
27
27
39
37
36
33
34
34
44
44
43
39
42
38
53
51
48
47
48
42
72
66
67
60
55
55

12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 24.0 27.0
29
32
35
38
41
43
47
53
59
28
30
32
35
38
41
43
49
56
27
29
32
33
36
39
42
44
52
26
28
31
33
36
37
39
44
51
27
27
31
33
35
38
38
45
47
26
28
28
33
34
37
37
42
47
33
36
38
43
45
51
52
59
66
31
33
36
40
44
46
50
56
64
29
33
35
37
41
59
59
66
74
28
31
35
36
39
42
47
52
55
29
30
33
35
38
39
43
48
55
28
30
31
33
36
39
40
47
50
36
39
44
50
53
59
59
70
75
34
38
43
45
51
54
56
65
72
33
36
39
44
46
52
55
62
69
31
35
38
40
46
48
53
55
64
30
33
36
39
41
47
49
56
64
30
32
36
37
40
43
48
52
58
46
52
55
60
67
74
74
87
98
40
47
53
57
61
68
69
81
97
43
47
52
57
65
65
73
77
90
43
46
51
53
59
66
67
75
87
40
45
47
52
56
60
67
71
80
39
42
46
49
54
58
61
71
78
55
63
67
74
87
88
97
106
126
54
61
65
69
76
87
89
103
112
52
55
62
66
73
77
88
99
105
48
54
60
64
68
77
80
93
102
47
49
58
64
67
72
77
82
95
45
50
54
60
65
68
74
82
97
33
35
39
43
44
49
51
57
63
31
33
36
40
44
45
47
52
60
30
31
34
36
41
44
45
52
59
29
32
34
35
40
42
45
49
53
30
30
33
35
36
38
42
47
51
27
30
31
35
36
37
39
45
48
36
38
41
47
49
56
60
67
72
33
37
39
46
48
50
57
62
69
33
38
39
42
48
49
51
58
66
32
34
39
40
43
49
50
57
63
32
32
34
40
42
44
50
52
61
28
33
34
36
41
43
44
52
54
43
49
56
57
64
72
72
80
93
40
48
50
57
58
66
72
81
94
38
44
49
51
58
60
66
75
83
39
42
47
50
53
59
61
69
77
41
43
46
48
53
57
62
70
78
36
41
46
47
52
58
59
66
73
49
55
60
67
74
79
87
97
105
50
56
64
65
71
75
88
97
103
46
51
58
66
65
72
76
90
104
45
51
57
60
66
70
73
86
93
49
51
56
62
65
72
74
85
95
42
47
50
55
59
66
69
74
83
59
68
75
86
87
97
102
111
135
57
65
69
76
88
89
98
104
118
55
62
66
72
77
89
91
104
113
54
56
64
73
74
79
91
102
106
53
61
62
70
77
80
87
100
110
50
52
60
61
69
72
77
86
100
80
93
102
113
124
126
136
74
81
94
103
114
126
127
150
71
80
83
96
104
116
127
140
153
68
76
83
89
98
106
118
132
144
62
70
81
87
87
103
110
123
136
64
66
77
85
90
93
106
125
139
30.0
63
60
57
53
52
48
75
68
86
63
60
56
87
76
74
70
68
65
105
103
104
92
93
83
137
128
115
107
108
98
69
65
63
60
56
56
80
78
69
70
65
63
112
103
96
85
82
80
118
113
105
104
102
96
33.0
71
64
65
58
60
55
86
75
93
70
64
62
97
89
86
79
72
70
116
107
105
105
95
91
36.0
82
71
66
66
61
56
86
87
99
71
71
65
102
98
91
87
81
74
135
118
114
107
108
97
139
131
118
110
113
76
69
69
66
61
56
93
80
79
75
69
68
123
114
104
98
90
90
137
130
123
111
120
98
142
134
121
117
87
77
74
70
67
63
93
94
83
83
77
71
125
125
116
106
100
92
138
138
131
126
122
111
139
129
116
122
110
140
133
134
114
145
147
127
153
142
167
160
171
39.0
83
73
74
66
67
62
98
89
109
78
75
73
111
103
100
92
93
83
137
129
125
117
109
111
42.0
86
83
74
74
68
69
101
98
110
91
80
73
120
110
105
101
94
84
139
133
128
118
113
146
137
126
89
85
78
75
72
69
112
94
95
83
84
75
136
127
127
118
108
104
148
141
94
90
87
80
73
70
113
113
96
96
85
87
148
139
129
129
120
110
143
134
134
111
145
121
164
142
151
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
6N@
10.83
8N@
8.12
9N@
7.22
65
10N@
6.50
11N@
5.91
13N@
5.00
7N@
10.00
9N@
7.78
10N@
7.00
70
11N@
6.36
12N@
5.83
14N@
5.00
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
6.0
22
21
23
22
24
25
24
23
24
38
30
26
25
28
29
31
31
29
27
27
33
32
33
30
30
37
37
35
34
34
24
23
24
24
25
24
26
25
31
32
32
33
27
30
29
30
30
31
32
30
31
32
29
30
34
33
32
32
30
30
36
37
35
34
33
33
7.5
28
25
24
24
25
31
30
28
28
39
32
32
32
32
30
36
36
34
34
33
39
39
38
37
36
45
43
41
41
41
25
26
27
25
26
27
31
30
34
33
34
34
34
36
35
34
33
33
41
39
38
37
35
36
41
39
37
37
36
36
44
43
42
40
39
40
9.0
30
29
29
26
27
38
34
33
33
39
38
39
38
37
35
41
40
40
39
37
45
44
44
42
41
55
53
50
49
46
30
30
30
29
28
29
37
35
38
37
36
35
38
41
42
38
37
36
45
44
43
42
40
39
50
46
45
42
42
40
53
54
48
49
44
44
10.5
33
33
32
31
31
40
39
39
35
39
44
42
40
41
38
49
46
44
43
44
52
51
49
46
47
64
61
58
53
53
35
33
32
32
31
31
40
39
43
43
39
38
45
48
44
43
40
40
51
50
46
48
47
45
56
55
48
48
48
45
63
61
55
55
52
51

12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 24.0 27.0
39
41
45
49
54
58
61
69
78
35
40
42
48
49
55
58
63
70
34
39
41
44
50
50
56
64
71
33
35
40
42
45
51
51
58
65
32
35
37
42
43
47
49
54
60
44
51
58
62
66
74
74
83
97
43
50
52
59
63
68
74
83
97
41
47
51
53
60
68
69
77
85
42
44
49
52
56
63
63
75
80
42
45
47
52
56
58
65
73
78
49
58
62
67
74
79
83
97
116
48
53
59
68
68
76
81
98
106
47
51
58
60
69
70
78
86
100
44
50
53
60
64
71
72
81
89
44
46
52
57
62
66
71
79
91
58
62
67
75
82
89
97
116
128
52
60
68
69
77
85
91
107
119
51
57
61
70
74
78
87
100
109
50
54
60
65
72
74
82
90
103
47
52
56
62
67
75
76
87
93
59
67
75
83
89
98
106
118
131
60
64
69
77
85
91
99
119
132
55
63
70
74
79
86
92
109
122
54
57
64
72
73
81
90
104
113
51
57
62
67
77
77
88
93
110
72
79
89
98
106
117
130
142
69
77
86
91
99
108
120
133
146
64
71
77
85
93
100
108
131
134
62
70
75
80
87
93
102
122
134
58
64
72
78
85
90
90
113
127
39
43
46
51
56
57
64
71
83
37
43
44
50
52
57
61
66
73
35
39
44
46
51
53
58
67
73
34
38
42
46
47
53
54
60
69
34
37
40
43
47
49
50
58
63
35
37
39
42
44
49
51
57
65
45
53
56
61
67
72
75
88
102
45
47
54
61
65
70
73
89
99
48
51
56
63
67
70
74
86
92
45
51
56
58
64
67
69
77
89
45
48
53
59
60
66
66
76
87
45
47
50
55
59
63
67
72
81
53
57
60
68
75
80
88
100
106
55
60
65
69
71
84
88
102
109
51
55
62
66
70
73
85
91
105
47
52
59
63
66
69
78
88
94
46
51
55
61
65
71
71
79
94
47
49
55
57
63
70
72
80
92
60
64
71
83
87
89
102
108
127
57
65
66
73
85
89
90
104
114
53
59
67
67
76
86
88
105
106
55
57
62
70
70
78
82
94
108
50
55
61
65
73
72
80
92
98
49
52
59
66
68
73
78
84
97
63
68
76
87
88
102
103
113
129
58
65
74
76
89
90
103
112
128
55
63
67
76
78
90
92
105
115
55
61
65
69
77
80
89
102
107
51
56
64
70
72
80
84
97
106
51
53
61
68
73
77
83
89
102
71
75
87
96
102
111
120
137
69
75
88
89
99
103
112
128
64
70
77
90
92
102
106
115
132
61
69
73
81
91
95
103
110
120
58
67
72
76
84
92
97
111
120
58
62
69
78
79
86
97
106
116
30.0
83
80
76
73
68
115
105
99
89
89
128
118
109
103
91
131
132
122
113
110
153
144
134
125
118
39.0
115
97
98
87
87
141
131
130
122
113
153
144
145
136
127
42.0
116
117
99
100
89
153
143
133
124
125
146
138
129
140
141
163
143
147
144
164
156
173
110
105
104
94
90
85
121
111
106
102
96
94
131
127
124
116
113
131
118
118
132
127
115
112
133
130
121
137
133
132
119
118
116
136
124
124
148
140
129
141
144
139
130
119
113
115
143
135
123
118
148
141
128
151
144
151
138
138
127
141
143
155
158
137
138
88
85
75
76
71
69
110
105
106
100
93
94
118
122
109
106
96
98
138
129
117
109
110
102
33.0
95
84
82
78
76
127
118
108
101
92
129
130
120
112
108
154
144
134
125
127
156
147
139
131
161
141
102
90
87
78
78
72
122
114
112
108
102
95
137
130
123
112
108
109
36.0
97
97
92
83
80
129
129
119
110
104
142
142
132
124
115
155
170
102
102
93
89
83
80
128
129
122
114
110
103
155
146
138
140
103
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
8N@
9.38
10N@
7.50
75
12N@
6.25
14N@
5.36
15N@
5.00
8N@
10.00
10N@
8.00
80
12N@
6.67
14N@
5.71
16N@
5.00
104
56
60
66
72
78
60
66
72
78
84
60
66
72
78
84
66
72
78
84
90
66
72
78
84
90
60
66
72
78
84
90
60
66
72
78
84
90
66
72
78
84
90
96
66
72
78
84
90
96
66
72
78
84
90
96
6.0
29
26
27
26
27
32
32
30
31
31
38
35
36
35
34
41
41
37
38
37
41
42
41
39
38
28
30
29
30
30
53
31
31
33
32
33
34
36
34
33
34
36
34
39
38
36
36
36
37
42
41
41
39
39
40
7.5
33
32
32
32
29
39
37
36
35
36
43
42
41
42
39
48
46
44
44
42
52
52
47
46
46
31
31
32
31
32
54
35
35
37
36
37
36
44
42
39
38
39
37
47
46
43
42
41
40
53
50
49
45
46
46
9.0
40
38
35
34
34
42
42
42
39
39
51
50
46
47
46
56
52
53
52
50
60
59
54
55
52
37
35
33
33
35
56
41
39
43
42
42
40
50
47
46
47
44
43
57
54
50
50
48
47
62
57
58
54
54
55
10.5
43
42
41
41
37
50
49
45
46
45
59
55
54
54
52
63
61
61
57
58
69
67
65
63
60
42
38
38
37
37
56
47
46
50
46
45
44
57
54
53
49
50
50
64
59
58
56
53
53
70
69
66
61
62
58

12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 24.0 27.0
49
55
61
65
73
79
82
95
115
48
51
58
63
70
75
80
92
97
44
51
53
60
64
69
72
82
98
43
46
52
58
61
66
71
79
87
43
45
54
54
61
64
69
77
81
59
67
69
76
83
89
98
117
129
55
62
69
70
78
86
87
100
119
54
57
63
72
73
81
86
101
111
48
56
63
66
74
75
82
91
105
49
55
59
65
69
77
78
94
95
68
76
84
90
98
106
118
131
144
62
70
79
87
90
100
110
122
135
63
65
73
81
90
91
104
124
126
61
68
76
78
86
90
98
105
126
56
64
70
78
79
90
92
106
126
72
80
89
102
111
122
125
137
70
75
84
95
101
110
121
134
148
68
76
80
89
98
103
107
125
139
64
71
79
86
92
100
108
127
130
66
73
77
87
94
94
110
119
142
77
85
98
106
118
120
132
146
74
84
87
99
110
121
123
146
160
73
77
88
91
104
112
124
139
152
67
76
86
92
93
109
116
131
143
69
74
81
90
95
103
118
133
145
45
51
56
63
64
72
75
88
97
45
47
52
57
62
65
70
77
90
41
46
48
53
59
63
68
76
87
41
42
47
53
56
60
64
73
81
39
43
48
52
56
59
63
71
79
57
57
58
60
63
67
70
79
79
53
60
68
75
76
88
97
103
112
52
55
62
70
75
78
90
100
107
55
62
63
70
74
83
87
97
106
51
56
63
68
71
76
86
90
100
51
57
61
65
70
77
78
91
100
49
53
60
65
68
72
77
87
92
65
70
73
86
90
103
103
115
130
59
67
72
77
86
92
101
107
125
60
65
69
79
80
88
94
108
114
56
63
70
72
79
83
92
99
111
56
59
66
72
74
82
86
101
113
54
60
68
71
75
79
85
98
104
73
77
89
98
103
109
113
129
67
76
79
91
101
106
106
125
143
66
70
78
90
95
96
109
118
136
64
71
74
80
92
98
99
112
124
61
68
74
82
86
95
100
115
121
61
67
74
79
84
88
100
108
118
78
90
101
105
113
129
130
76
81
93
102
109
116
118
145
73
83
91
96
104
112
120
137
149
69
76
84
97
100
109
115
126
143
70
74
80
86
101
102
114
119
144
68
73
81
88
94
106
110
121
133
30.0
116
116
99
100
89
131
132
123
114
110
33.0
128
118
118
101
103
154
134
136
127
128
36.0
140
130
120
121
105
39.0
152
142
132
122
123
138
139
131
152
143
148
141
139
139
154
152
141
163
164
171
151
153
144
171
173
176
169
171
146
103
103
92
88
83
90
129
115
120
112
109
102
174
177
112
105
106
94
96
95
139
132
127
122
115
111
133
129
121
116
117
127
113
108
109
98
103
42.0
153
144
134
125
156
137
129
116
111
112
105
131
126
118
114
118
130
125
118
131
132
136
136
138
125
120
140
143
130
149
147
156
149
143
136
127
146
145
152
155
155
164
142
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
9N@
10.00
10N@
9.00
11N@
8.18
90
12N@
7.50
15N@
6.00
18N@
5.00
10N@
10.00
12N@
8.33
15N@
6.67
100
16N@
6.25
17N@
5.88
18N@
5.56
20N@
5.00
72
84
90
96
102
72
84
90
96
102
72
84
90
96
102
78
84
90
96
108
78
84
90
96
108
78
84
90
96
108
78
84
96
102
108
78
84
96
102
108
78
84
96
102
108
84
96
102
108
120
84
96
102
108
120
84
96
102
108
120
84
96
102
108
120
6.0
40
41
54
55
55
42
42
42
43
43
43
43
45
47
48
44
45
46
46
45
47
49
50
48
51
51
51
52
53
57
45
47
55
55
56
48
48
47
48
48
53
53
52
53
53
53
53
53
54
56
55
54
55
55
56
55
55
56
57
59
58
60
59
60
68
7.5
42
44
55
56
57
46
45
46
46
45
47
49
48
48
49
49
49
50
48
49
54
54
52
53
57
62
61
58
58
59
49
50
56
56
57
53
52
51
52
51
56
56
56
56
56
58
57
57
58
61
61
59
59
60
62
61
60
61
60
64
66
65
65
67
73
9.0
46
48
56
57
57
48
49
50
48
48
51
50
51
53
57
53
52
52
52
55
66
62
60
58
59
74
73
70
68
64
52
53
56
57
58
56
55
55
55
55
67
61
61
60
59
69
63
62
62
64
70
65
66
65
67
70
65
66
68
69
77
73
71
71
90
10.5
49
48
56
57
58
52
51
51
53
53
59
55
53
56
58
60
56
60
58
56
75
68
69
66
64
84
80
79
78
76
55
55
57
58
59
62
63
58
58
59
75
69
68
66
65
72
71
66
67
70
77
72
73
69
71
81
72
73
73
75
94
83
80
80
101

12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 24.0 27.0
55
60
64
72
81
82
92
98
117
50
54
60
67
75
76
84
88
102
57
59
62
65
72
77
85
88
99
58
59
64
65
69
74
80
91
98
59
60
62
65
69
74
75
87
95
61
64
72
78
85
93
99
118
130
58
62
69
73
81
94
97
115
117
56
60
66
71
79
81
89
100
107
56
59
66
70
74
82
87
95
108
57
60
65
69
76
77
84
97
105
65
73
78
86
99
100
119
120
143
62
67
74
78
87
91
100
113
126
59
66
72
77
85
90
93
107
128
60
63
71
75
81
87
95
105
113
61
64
70
73
82
86
94
101
116
68
72
79
88
102
103
111
124
149
65
75
79
84
91
103
105
125
137
68
75
79
88
89
100
106
126
128
63
72
76
82
90
93
103
110
129
64
66
76
81
85
92
97
107
115
82
94
99
120
121
133
145
148
76
86
97
103
122
124
125
149
78
82
90
99
106
125
127
140
153
72
80
93
95
108
112
129
131
154
72
78
87
99
101
109
115
136
139
99
102
120
133
145
148
159
89
104
113
124
137
150
151
90
93
106
126
129
142
153
166
87
95
108
113
131
133
144
158
85
95
103
113
120
127
139
151
172
58
62
68
75
79
91
92
106
115
58
61
69
72
77
81
93
102
109
62
64
68
74
84
86
87
102
116
61
64
66
73
77
86
89
100
106
61
64
67
70
76
80
87
92
106
70
74
86
92
97
105
112
124
68
72
84
88
98
99
107
126
133
66
67
75
81
91
93
102
111
116
62
69
73
79
90
94
95
113
118
62
70
72
76
85
92
97
106
117
86
91
104
106
115
125
133
78
88
94
107
113
118
128
72
82
93
99
105
114
118
133
74
83
85
97
102
116
117
125
144
73
77
87
99
103
104
118
123
140
80
92
106
107
117
127
133
75
85
98
100
115
115
124
140
74
84
97
102
111
117
118
136
154
76
82
87
100
104
117
118
129
148
76
83
86
93
104
109
116
128
140
88
94
107
114
127
133
145
80
93
99
113
115
121
135
151
79
87
98
102
118
118
127
144
78
87
91
105
107
119
120
140
160
78
87
93
100
110
112
125
133
149
94
102
109
118
134
144
84
97
100
114
120
124
140
84
89
102
112
118
125
137
154
82
91
104
106
119
121
130
148
84
88
98
108
113
122
129
142
163
103
109
118
134
146
99
108
115
123
125
144
153
89
103
114
121
129
147
147
89
106
110
123
126
134
149
164
108
113
123
133
152
155
166
182
200
30.0
119
121
105
107
105
142
137
126
113
115
33.0
141
124
125
110
112
155
148
129
129
124
138
129
132
124
36.0
143
135
128
128
130
39.0
42.0
148
138
131
133
149
141
133
131
153
137
150
142
134
138
148
150
163
149
151
132
135
152
153
137
156
160
168
173
168
172
131
118
125
121
107
140
133
126
127
127
133
130
131
133
123
141
139
149
142
134
155
143
149
161
168
105
JOIST GIRDERS
LRFD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
10N@
11.00
12N@
9.17
14N@
7.86
110
16N@
6.88
18N@
6.11
20N@
5.50
10N@
12.00
12N@
10.00
15N@
8.00
120
16N@
7.50
18N@
6.67
20N@
6.00
24N@
5.00
106
84
96
108
114
120
84
96
108
114
120
84
96
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
6.0
54
62
63
63
64
58
57
58
59
59
60
60
60
61
60
62
63
64
65
66
64
66
66
67
68
68
69
69
69
66
63
64
78
78
79
68
68
69
70
70
69
70
70
70
72
70
70
70
70
70
71
72
72
72
73
76
75
75
77
77
83
81
83
86
86
7.5
58
62
63
64
64
62
62
64
65
62
66
65
64
65
66
68
67
68
70
69
71
70
71
73
74
77
75
77
77
72
66
67
79
79
81
69
69
70
70
71
74
73
73
73
74
76
74
74
73
75
77
78
79
76
77
82
83
81
82
84
90
88
91
96
97
9.0
61
63
64
67
66
66
66
68
66
67
71
69
69
69
69
72
74
73
74
75
77
80
77
79
79
82
81
83
86
77
69
69
82
82
83
71
72
72
71
72
77
78
80
78
78
80
78
80
81
79
85
83
84
85
84
89
87
88
87
90
96
99
96
109
107
10.5
65
65
67
68
69
70
70
72
71
72
76
74
72
74
74
79
80
81
80
81
87
89
83
85
88
99
94
94
91
83
72
71
83
83
84
77
78
75
75
76
82
84
85
83
84
85
86
85
86
85
89
87
88
90
89
94
92
94
93
96
111
108
103
121
117

12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 24.0 27.0
69
73
82
83
94
99
100
120
143
69
72
81
82
91
97
98
107
125
69
72
75
82
86
91
95
105
113
72
73
76
79
86
88
96
108
115
72
74
76
81
83
88
90
100
111
74
84
88
101
109
120
122
144
74
79
88
92
101
107
125
127
151
75
79
84
90
95
106
111
132
136
75
79
84
89
102
106
107
126
134
74
79
82
91
96
107
109
126
135
84
97
102
122
123
134
147
83
95
100
105
124
125
136
150
78
87
99
103
108
120
128
142
155
79
84
93
103
105
111
124
133
157
80
82
90
96
106
109
126
135
158
89
104
106
125
126
147
149
89
103
108
125
127
128
152
156
83
95
104
110
127
130
142
158
86
95
105
111
114
132
135
161
162
88
97
99
109
117
135
138
152
165
99
106
125
127
148
151
101
109
127
128
139
152
153
94
106
111
129
131
144
157
97
107
113
132
134
137
159
163
91
101
110
118
136
139
152
166
106
125
139
152
154
109
129
130
142
154
155
106
114
132
133
145
157
169
101
115
134
135
147
160
161
93
106
113
126
128
137
154
167
76
78
82
86
89
89
94
108
115
75
79
83
83
86
91
92
110
117
83
83
86
91
95
94
100
108
126
83
84
86
91
90
95
95
109
127
84
85
86
88
92
92
97
102
113
82
86
90
99
100
113
125
130
80
85
88
96
101
102
116
130
81
86
90
91
99
103
105
128
134
82
86
87
92
95
100
130
121
135
80
84
88
92
93
102
107
123
133
90
96
109
115
125
129
134
88
93
103
113
118
129
132
90
95
101
106
115
119
133
88
93
98
107
117
121
122
137
89
94
99
100
110
118
124
140
90
100
109
114
128
134
92
97
110
112
120
131
137
90
95
100
114
120
124
133
91
96
101
107
117
122
135
145
90
94
99
103
118
119
126
147
95
109
116
129
136
97
111
113
121
138
138
94
101
115
121
156
157
96
102
116
117
123
136
143
95
99
105
118
125
129
140
110
116
130
136
105
114
123
140
150
101
115
121
135
142
152
103
113
119
128
138
146
102
107
121
124
133
148
150
121
136
118
140
151
119
129
147
157
141
143
152
160
143
146
152
163
165
30.0
144
33.0
36.0
131
133
128
133
136
137
140
158
156
158
158
161
160
129
131
128
133
138
137
39.0
42.0
JOIST GIRDERS
DESIGN GUIDE ASD WEIGHT TABLE

FOR JOIST GIRDERS
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
2N@
10.00
3N@
6.67
20
4N@
5.00
5N@
4.00
6N@
3.33
8N@
2.50
2N@
11.00
3N@
7.33
22
4N@
5.50
5N@
4.40
6N@
3.67
8N@
2.75
3N@
8.33
4N@
6.25
5N@
5.00
25
6N@
4.17
8N@
3.12
10N@
2.50
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
28
32
36
4
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
17
19
17
18
21
18
18
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
16
19
18
18
18
15
15
15
16
15
15
15
16
16
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
21
19
18
18
18
26
23
21
21
22
6
19
19
19
15
16
16
15
16
16
17
16
16
19
18
18
25
22
22
21
21
21
18
15
16
16
15
16
17
16
16
21
19
18
27
24
22
18
18
15
16
16
18
16
15
16
16
18
17
16
16
17
24
20
18
18
18
29
26
23
24
22
38
33
30
28
28
8
19
19
19
19
16
16
19
17
17
21
20
18
25
22
22
32
29
29
21
21
21
18
19
16
19
17
16
24
20
18
27
23
22
36
31
28
19
19
19
16
16
20
19
17
17
17
25
23
20
19
18
29
25
23
22
24
39
33
30
28
29
49
42
38
36
37
10
19
19
19
19
16
16
21
20
19
26
23
22
29
28
26
41
36
34
22
22
21
19
19
16
23
20
19
27
24
22
33
28
26
43
38
34
22
20
19
16
17
25
21
20
19
19
31
26
24
23
22
38
31
28
26
25
48
41
38
34
34
63
54
48
43
44
12
19
19
19
20
19
17
25
23
22
31
26
27
36
31
30
51
42
40
22
22
22
22
20
19
26
25
22
34
28
26
39
32
30
56
46
40
26
22
20
20
17
29
26
24
21
21
38
32
28
26
26
45
37
32
30
30
58
50
44
39
40
78
65
56
52
52
JOIST GIRDER WEIGHT -- POUNDS PER LINEAR FOOT

LOAD ON EACH PANEL POINT KIPS
14
16
18
20
24
28
32
36
20
24
24
25
30
37
41
46
20
21
21
25
28
32
36
41
20
20
21
23
26
28
32
39
23
24
27
31
36
44
48
54
20
23
26
27
33
36
45
47
20
24
24
26
31
36
44
46
29
33
38
41
50
57
65
71
26
29
32
35
44
50
55
62
25
28
30
34
39
49
50
59
36
39
48
51
62
71
82
99
30
35
39
43
53
60
68
80
28
33
37
39
48
55
64
68
41
50
57
58
72
82
99
107
37
43
46
53
61
70
85
102
33
40
42
47
58
68
76
83
58
65
72
82
99
118
139
142
50
54
61
69
86
103
107
128
47
54
61
67
76
88
107
112
23
24
24
25
34
39
43
49
22
23
24
24
30
33
41
41
22
22
23
24
37
30
33
41
24
26
29
33
42
45
53
68
23
24
26
30
35
40
45
48
20
23
24
27
32
36
45
47
30
36
39
44
55
62
71
82
27
29
34
38
48
52
58
71
25
28
32
35
40
49
54
60
38
42
49
55
65
75
96
98
33
38
40
48
56
62
73
85
30
32
38
41
51
57
65
73
49
56
57
65
79
97
106
118
39
45
51
58
66
82
98
101
34
39
44
50
61
70
76
89
64
71
80
96
106
135
138
53
60
68
75
101
105
125
145
47
54
62
69
79
87
106
118
27
30
37
41
49
59
66
70
25
26
28
32
39
43
51
59
23
24
27
29
34
39
45
47
21
23
24
27
32
36
44
46
20
24
24
26
32
36
40
45
35
39
42
49
55
70
78
93
29
33
37
40
50
57
64
72
25
29
34
37
43
51
58
66
25
28
32
35
40
49
54
60
26
26
29
34
38
49
50
56
43
51
55
58
73
93
100
109
36
42
47
53
61
75
81
98
31
37
41
47
56
62
72
79
30
33
38
41
51
57
65
73
28
31
36
39
48
54
64
69
55
58
69
78
94
104
116
134
44
50
56
64
75
97
99
107
38
44
51
55
67
73
87
101
34
39
44
50
61
69
77
89
36
39
43
49
58
67
74
84
70
78
94
99
115
134
57
65
75
81
99
118
138
53
60
67
75
86
103
116
127
47
54
65
71
78
87
105
117
46
52
61
63
76
87
101
114
94
100
115
134
75
89
99
104
130
64
74
84
101
109
134
147
62
69
76
87
107
118
130
153
64
71
77
85
100
116
130
151
40
50
42
40
74
53
49
88
71
63
99
91
77
118
102
96
44
56
49
42
75
56
53
97
85
72
109
101
93
138
111
109
48
62
52
46
81
68
57
100
90
86
120
103
95
141
123
112
52
70
53
48
84
79
68
107
100
91
141
110
107
56
75
66
49
89
82
80
120
102
91
142
120
111
144
119
147
130
149
124
55
45
42
70
55
52
95
79
72
111
100
86
137
109
102
153
135
62
51
46
76
61
54
96
89
79
126
101
92
155
69
55
48
84
74
59
106
98
87
137
110
102
166
76
61
51
88
81
74
119
101
90
78
73
58
94
84
82
134
107
97
116
105
133
111
120
104
142
113
144
127
148
149
131
76
67
55
52
48
99
88
72
69
63
125
102
93
83
75
152
86
71
59
54
53
109
97
89
79
73
134
112
101
93
88
164
89
81
67
58
54
119
100
90
86
85
97
84
81
74
68
134
106
101
91
88
102
89
82
81
79
135
120
102
96
92
129
106
102
96
140
117
105
101
125
111
108
118
104
102
98
138
120
105
108
134
113
116
143
127
117
145
148
129
147
129
121
152
136
154
148
166
167
157
107
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
3N@
9.33
4N@
7.00
5N@
5.60
28
6N@
4.67
7N@
4.00
8N@
3.50
10N@
2.80
3N@
10.00
4N@
7.50
5N@
6.00
30
6N@
5.00
8N@
3.75
10N@
3.00
3N@
10.67
4N@
8.00
32
5N@
6.40
6N@
5.33
8N@
4.00
108
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
24
28
32
36
4
18
18
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
15
16
18
17
16
20
18
17
24
23
21
18
18
18
16
16
15
15
16
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
21
20
18
17
25
24
22
22
18
16
17
15
18
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
17
16
16
16
22
19
18
18
6
18
18
18
16
15
15
18
17
17
21
20
19
24
22
21
28
25
24
36
30
30
18
18
18
19
18
16
16
16
19
17
17
17
24
20
19
18
32
30
26
23
38
36
31
30
19
17
17
17
19
18
15
16
20
18
17
17
24
21
20
19
32
27
25
24
8
19
19
19
20
18
17
24
21
20
28
24
23
32
27
27
37
32
29
46
41
38
21
19
19
19
23
21
18
17
25
23
21
20
29
27
24
23
40
37
34
32
51
47
39
39
21
18
18
19
23
20
20
17
27
24
22
21
31
27
25
24
40
35
32
31
10
22
20
19
24
21
20
29
26
24
35
30
28
41
35
31
48
39
38
57
50
46
24
22
20
19
29
25
22
22
30
27
24
24
37
32
29
26
51
44
42
39
66
57
52
48
26
24
21
20
26
24
22
21
33
28
26
24
39
35
30
28
54
45
39
38
12
24
22
21
27
25
23
34
30
27
41
36
32
49
43
38
55
50
43
70
60
55
27
25
22
21
33
30
26
24
37
32
29
27
45
38
34
31
63
53
49
46
78
69
58
54
27
26
25
23
32
28
25
24
39
34
32
27
47
40
36
34
61
55
50
43
JOIST GIRDER WEIGHT -- POUNDS PER LINEAR FOOT

14
16
18
20
24
28
32
36
27
29
36
39
43
53
62
70
25
26
28
31
39
43
46
55
23
24
27
28
34
39
45
48
32
38
40
48
55
62
71
82
28
32
36
39
49
56
64
71
25
29
33
37
43
50
58
62
39
46
52
58
66
78
96
102
35
39
46
50
61
68
77
90
32
37
41
44
56
62
70
80
49
55
63
70
79
96
106
134
42
50
54
58
71
82
99
107
37
43
49
53
64
74
84
101
56
64
74
79
96
110
135
51
57
62
69
82
99
108
129
44
52
55
63
74
85
102
108
64
74
79
95
105
134
58
65
72
81
99
108
129
141
53
60
64
70
86
103
113
127
79
96
102
117
137
69
82
99
100
120
141
66
71
80
93
109
126
147
31
35
38
40
48
58
66
71
27
30
35
37
42
49
56
63
26
28
31
32
39
46
51
57
23
26
28
31
35
39
46
52
37
42
49
53
64
76
85
101
33
37
42
45
53
61
73
81
30
34
37
43
51
55
62
70
27
31
34
36
46
52
59
64
43
51
55
58
73
86
96
109
37
44
47
53
61
75
88
97
35
39
43
48
56
63
77
90
31
36
40
43
51
60
70
80
52
58
66
73
94
104
116
134
44
50
57
65
75
97
99
107
40
45
51
58
65
82
98
100
37
41
46
52
61
70
84
101
73
83
99
111
124
146
61
73
80
86
114
126
149
55
63
71
79
104
117
130
154
54
61
69
76
89
108
121
134
99
111
123
134
80
94
113
116
138
74
82
95
105
129
142
68
79
84
91
119
132
151
34
38
40
42
54
61
70
75
28
31
34
37
43
55
60
69
26
28
32
34
39
44
54
61
25
26
28
30
38
40
45
51
37
40
47
55
61
72
86
94
32
37
40
45
55
62
70
78
29
32
36
39
49
56
64
71
26
30
34
36
43
50
58
65
44
51
57
65
77
93
100
123
39
46
52
58
66
74
96
101
35
41
46
53
61
68
77
90
33
37
42
47
56
62
70
79
55
61
69
76
94
103
133
134
48
55
60
67
79
96
105
117
42
50
54
58
71
82
99
103
38
44
49
55
66
73
84
101
72
86
93
103
133
63
70
80
95
105
134
137
58
65
71
81
99
109
120
141
53
59
67
71
86
103
113
127
40
71
61
53
95
79
70
111
99
93
137
118
102
44
78
66
58
104
96
85
126
107
102
48
85
76
66
106
97
90
136
114
107
52
89
83
80
120
106
99
56
98
86
81
135
107
102
130
112
142
119
138
111
142
123
144
146
140
123
143
146
147
149
80
70
64
57
104
86
77
74
125
102
100
86
92
79
71
64
126
103
87
78
134
112
101
94
98
82
73
65
127
104
103
88
117
93
83
73
149
126
105
91
119
99
84
75
150
128
116
105
128
107
103
138
117
110
133
118
137
109
102
140
121
111
142
123
144
126
148
161
154
169
84
70
62
53
103
94
83
70
133
110
99
93
88
76
67
58
114
96
82
85
102
85
77
67
133
105
97
90
102
89
80
81
134
121
102
99
113
93
86
77
126
105
102
137
114
106
130
117
142
120
137
118
102
139
111
142
123
144
146
147
135
107
102
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
4N@
8.75
5N@
7.00
35
6N@
5.83
7N@
5.00
8N@
4.38
4N@
9.50
5N@
7.60
38
6N@
6.33
8N@
4.75
4N@
10.00
5N@
8.00
6N@
6.67
40
7N@
5.71
8N@
5.00
10N@
4.00
28
32
36
40
28
32
36
40
28
32
36
40
28
32
36
40
28
32
36
40
32
36
40
44
32
36
40
44
32
36
40
44
32
36
40
44
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
4
16
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
17
16
16
16
19
17
17
17
21
20
19
18
16
15
15
16
15
16
16
17
17
16
16
17
20
19
19
20
17
17
17
16
17
15
16
16
17
17
16
17
16
17
17
18
17
17
20
20
21
19
19
21
20
29
25
24
23
23
6
19
18
16
16
20
18
17
17
24
21
20
20
27
24
23
22
30
27
26
24
19
17
16
16
20
20
20
20
24
21
21
20
29
28
26
24
20
19
18
17
17
21
20
20
20
20
24
22
21
21
21
26
24
24
22
23
29
27
25
27
25
39
36
36
32
32
8
23
21
20
17
26
24
23
22
30
27
25
24
34
30
28
27
39
36
32
30
21
21
20
20
25
24
23
22
30
27
25
24
38
35
32
30
23
22
22
20
20
26
24
24
23
23
30
27
26
24
24
33
31
29
28
28
38
36
34
33
32
51
47
45
41
41
10
27
24
23
21
32
29
27
25
37
33
31
28
43
39
35
32
48
42
39
37
26
24
23
22
31
28
26
25
35
33
31
29
47
42
40
39
29
29
25
24
24
32
30
27
29
26
38
34
30
28
31
43
39
35
33
36
48
46
39
39
42
64
60
56
51
52
12
31
28
27
26
37
34
29
27
44
38
36
34
52
47
42
39
59
53
48
44
31
28
27
26
36
33
31
30
41
39
36
33
56
50
48
47
37
31
29
29
25
38
34
32
32
31
44
39
36
36
36
52
47
43
39
41
58
53
49
47
47
79
69
66
60
58

14
16
18
20
24
28
32
36
36
41
46
52
60
74
79
94
33
37
39
45
53
60
73
80
30
33
37
41
561
55
62
74
27
30
37
38
46
52
61
64
43
52
57
59
73
86
100
109
37
45
50
53
66
75
88
100
35
40
46
48
62
68
77
90
33
37
43
47
56
63
70
80
52
58
65
73
93
103
115
134
46
53
57
65
79
96
100
117
41
48
54
58
70
81
99
102
38
44
49
55
64
77
84
101
59
66
74
86
101
115
135
53
61
67
75
97
103
118
137
48
55
62
69
82
99
105
120
44
50
55
63
73
86
102
107
69
78
94
98
115
136
61
69
79
88
101
118
138
55
62
71
77
99
109
121
141
54
60
65
73
86
102
113
127
34
39
43
48
58
67
74
87
33
35
39
44
53
60
74
75
30
34
37
41
51
55
62
74
28
30
35
38
46
52
58
65
42
46
52
59
70
86
96
101
38
45
47
53
64
74
89
98
35
40
46
48
59
70
78
91
33
39
41
48
56
63
75
80
49
55
62
70
86
98
105
125
47
50
57
61
75
89
100
107
40
48
55
59
71
82
99
102
38
44
49
55
64
77
84
102
64
74
86
95
105
135
57
65
76
81
101
113
138
140
55
62
67
78
100
103
121
142
51
57
64
71
86
102
113
127
40
47
50
56
64
73
86
103
37
40
44
51
57
65
74
87
33
37
40
47
52
62
73
77
31
36
38
41
49
59
66
74
30
32
37
39
48
53
59
67
43
52
55
62
73
86
101
109
39
45
53
55
66
74
88
102
37
41
46
51
62
68
77
90
37
41
49
50
58
70
82
84
34
40
41
50
57
68
75
85
52
58
65
72
93
100
115
133
47
53
60
67
79
97
102
117
43
48
54
62
71
82
99
103
40
47
51
55
66
78
91
102
42
46
53
57
69
79
86
100
58
66
74
86
101
115
135
53
61
67
75
97
103
117
136
49
55
62
69
82
99
105
119
48
55
59
64
78
92
102
111
48
54
61
66
80
86
108
122
67
78
94
96
115
135
60
68
80
88
102
118
137
58
65
72
82
99
109
120
141
56
63
70
75
93
103
120
136
55
62
69
80
90
104
122
136
92
112
123
125
149
81
94
103
125
150
75
82
96
115
129
152
71
82
84
99
119
143
161
68
76
85
94
121
134
152
40
100
92
83
75
126
102
100
95
44
111
100
94
90
136
112
104
102
48
117
106
97
95
52
137
112
107
96
56
138
127
113
108
128
115
107
138
131
115
133
125
139
113
104
140
121
115
142
123
144
145
146
141
118
144
133
147
147
100
93
83
75
111
103
101
93
136
118
109
104
149
101
97
94
90
126
112
105
102
111
106
98
95
137
129
113
107
127
112
107
95
138
123
109
108
138
117
111
134
118
141
121
115
142
143
123
142
145
147
128
125
104
96
85
149
127
117
106
99
151
128
127
106
106
128
115
118
119
138
130
130
120
142
141
132
146
164
144
147
114
103
87
78
78
124
102
100
99
95
149
126
104
96
84
78
134
112
105
116
100
137
114
107
109
141
130
116
132
142
134
133
142
135
140
122
134
143
136
164
167
147
155
170
109
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
4N@
10.50
5N@
8.40
6N@
7.00
42
7N@
6.00
8N@
5.25
10N@
4.20
4N@
11.25
5N@
9.00
6N@
7.50
45
7N@
6.43
8N@
5.62
9N@
5.00
10N@
4.50
110
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
32
36
40
44
48
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
36
40
44
48
52
4
16
16
16
16
16
16
15
16
16
17
18
17
17
16
20
20
19
18
20
18
22
20
20
20
21
27
25
24
23
23
18
19
19
18
18
16
16
16
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
18
21
20
20
21
22
24
22
23
23
23
26
25
24
24
23
6
21
19
19
19
19
22
21
21
20
20
25
23
21
21
20
28
26
24
23
23
32
27
26
25
26
38
36
34
31
30
21
21
21
21
22
22
21
21
21
21
24
23
21
21
21
27
26
24
23
23
30
28
27
26
28
34
31
31
29
28
38
35
33
31
31
8
25
22
21
20
21
28
25
24
24
23
32
30
26
24
25
36
34
31
29
28
40
38
35
32
32
52
46
45
41
39
25
22
22
22
23
27
25
24
24
24
31
28
27
26
25
35
33
30
29
28
38
36
34
32
33
45
39
39
37
36
49
47
46
40
39
10
29
26
24
23
24
35
31
28
27
27
39
35
33
31
29
45
40
38
35
34
51
46
42
39
41
62
60
54
52
49
28
27
24
24
24
33
30
29
27
27
38
34
32
30
29
44
40
39
36
34
48
46
41
39
42
55
49
48
47
46
60
60
54
49
50
12
34
32
28
27
26
41
36
33
31
30
45
41
39
35
33
52
49
46
41
39
62
56
51
49
48
77
70
64
61
56
33
31
29
28
27
38
36
34
32
30
45
40
38
36
34
52
47
46
41
39
58
53
51
47
48
66
61
58
55
55
73
66
64
62
56

14
16
18
20
24
28
32
36
38
43
49
53
67
74
86
99
35
39
44
47
58
67
73
87
34
36
41
45
53
61
73
76
31
34
38
42
51
55
62
74
29
32
36
39
47
54
62
65
45
52
57
66
74
88
100
110
42
46
52
59
70
85
96
102
39
44
51
54
64
74
89
98
37
40
46
52
59
69
78
91
35
39
42
48
57
63
75
81
55
61
69
77
93
103
124
135
49
56
60
67
79
96
105
117
46
54
57
61
75
89
100
108
41
48
54
59
71
81
100
102
39
44
49
56
64
77
85
102
65
72
85
93
102
125
56
67
74
79
98
110
127
138
54
61
68
75
90
101
113
129
49
55
63
70
78
100
106
116
44
50
56
64
73
92
102
108
72
78
94
100
124
135
64
74
79
96
105
126
138
57
65
76
81
101
113
138
141
55
63
70
78
99
107
121
142
56
63
67
74
93
103
112
128
94
101
114
134
86
97
102
112
140
75
89
99
104
129
70
79
91
100
114
143
66
72
80
93
107
125
146
38
42
46
52
62
72
79
95
35
39
44
47
55
64
75
87
33
37
39
45
53
61
74
76
31
34
38
40
51
55
63
75
29
33
37
39
47
52
60
66
44
52
55
63
74
86
101
109
42
45
53
56
68
75
88
102
38
44
46
54
65
74
85
90
36
41
45
52
59
67
75
91
35
39
42
48
57
64
75
81
52
58
66
74
93
100
115
134
47
53
60
67
79
97
103
117
46
50
54
62
76
90
100
107
42
48
55
59
69
78
92
102
39
44
50
56
64
77
85
102
58
66
74
86
101
115
135
54
61
67
75
97
105
127
138
54
61
62
69
90
100
113
129
49
55
63
70
79
92
107
117
45
50
56
65
73
93
102
109
67
78
94
98
114
135
61
68
80
89
105
118
137
58
66
73
81
99
109
130
141
55
63
68
74
92
104
116
142
54
59
67
71
94
102
112
127
74
88
98
104
135
69
80
89
100
113
138
66
76
89
99
108
132
63
70
79
91
106
117
133
60
70
73
84
102
112
135
148
86
98
105
116
137
76
90
102
112
140
72
89
99
104
130
142
71
78
91
100
114
134
67
72
80
93
107
123
147
40
101
95
93
84
75
125
111
103
101
95
44
112
101
97
94
90
48
125
112
97
97
95
52
134
118
113
108
97
56
138
129
122
109
108
126
113
105
102
137
129
113
107
130
126
115
134
118
137
119
109
104
141
121
115
142
143
124
142
145
147
142
132
118
145
136
149
117
112
102
95
95
128
113
108
107
96
138
128
114
109
109
128
123
112
107
130
118
117
142
134
119
143
136
148
147
148
100
95
89
83
76
125
111
103
95
94
112
101
95
94
91
136
122
110
106
98
137
118
110
102
140
139
122
116
142
143
124
143
133
118
145
136
149
146
148
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
5N@
9.60
6N@
8.00
48
8N@
6.00
9N@
5.33
12N@
4.00
5N@
10.00
6N@
8.33
8N@
6.25
50
9N@
5.56
10N@
5.00
12N@
4.17
36
40
44
48
52
56
36
40
44
48
52
56
36
40
44
48
52
56
36
40
44
48
52
56
36
40
44
48
52
56
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
40
44
48
52
56
60
4
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
30
28
27
26
26
25
35
34
33
33
31
31
35
34
31
30
30
27
18
17
19
20
20
20
20
19
19
20
20
21
22
21
21
21
24
24
24
23
24
24
24
24
26
25
24
24
23
24
34
31
30
30
27
27
6
26
23
22
21
21
21
28
25
24
23
23
22
36
33
32
30
30
28
44
42
39
37
36
35
52
48
44
41
39
38
23
22
22
22
22
20
28
24
23
23
23
23
31
29
27
25
29
27
34
32
32
31
30
32
38
36
34
34
32
31
49
44
41
39
40
39
8
31
29
27
25
25
24
35
33
31
30
27
27
45
42
39
37
36
36
55
52
50
46
46
44
71
65
57
53
52
49
30
29
28
25
25
24
34
31
30
30
26
27
39
37
35
33
36
35
44
40
42
40
38
38
49
47
46
45
41
40
65
57
58
53
52
49
10
37
35
32
30
29
29
42
39
36
35
32
31
56
51
49
47
44
43
70
63
59
56
54
53
84
76
73
67
61
61
38
34
31
31
30
30
42
38
37
36
33
33
51
47
42
40
42
40
55
53
52
47
46
49
60
60
54
52
48
49
80
73
67
68
61
61
12
45
41
37
36
33
33
51
47
45
40
38
37
64
59
55
53
51
49
79
74
69
66
63
62
100
93
82
76
76
70
44
40
38
35
32
33
48
47
40
40
39
38
59
53
51
49
47
47
66
61
58
58
55
53
74
68
65
62
60
57
100
86
82
76
70
70

14
16
18
20
24
28
32
36
52
59
66
71
87
111
113
135
46
52
59
68
77
92
112
114
44
48
54
61
69
80
93
113
40
48
48
55
69
78
90
96
39
42
50
54
62
71
82
92
38
40
46
50
59
71
79
85
62
70
78
83
100
122
134
147
56
64
71
79
93
112
124
137
50
57
65
73
81
102
115
127
48
52
59
67
78
95
105
116
46
51
59
60
75
83
97
107
42
48
54
61
69
80
91
107
78
91
100
122
134
70
80
92
101
124
148
65
74
82
95
114
127
150
60
68
76
84
105
129
131
154
59
65
71
80
99
119
132
146
57
63
69
78
90
109
123
136
91
99
121
122
146
88
93
101
113
136
83
91
94
103
126
150
76
85
94
97
118
130
72
80
95
101
108
132
152
69
80
89
98
103
123
137
165
123
135
148
113
125
137
149
102
115
126
139
88
104
117
130
153
84
97
107
131
144
81
91
108
122
135
165
47
56
60
68
79
93
113
124
46
51
56
61
76
89
94
113
42
48
55
61
69
78
94
96
40
45
49
55
62
74
82
96
40
43
50
51
63
71
83
92
36
42
46
51
58
65
76
86
56
64
71
80
100
112
124
147
50
57
65
73
85
102
124
127
49
57
65
67
82
95
115
127
46
52
59
67
75
84
105
117
42
51
54
60
72
84
98
107
43
49
53
61
70
80
87
102
67
78
86
96
110
135
61
70
80
96
103
118
139
58
69
76
81
99
114
130
142
55
63
70
78
99
107
121
141
56
64
68
78
94
108
118
137
55
61
69
74
83
103
110
123
74
86
96
104
134
69
80
88
98
113
138
69
77
90
99
111
133
66
74
79
92
106
126
143
60
68
77
89
102
116
135
61
70
75
83
97
111
125
141
87
96
104
116
136
84
96
102
112
140
76
89
99
103
130
70
79
91
100
114
134
70
76
87
93
107
134
146
66
73
81
94
109
119
138
112
125
147
102
126
127
149
96
115
127
130
154
84
105
118
130
154
85
99
108
122
135
164
82
88
104
112
135
166
40
136
136
116
115
99
100
44
48
52
56
138
126
116
117
100
139
128
118
119
150
140
130
120
142
141
133
148
138
129
130
120
151
141
131
132
160
144
134
162
153
165
136
126
115
116
99
96
138
137
127
117
117
101
139
139
129
119
120
141
141
131
121
142
142
133
149
129
129
120
110
151
131
132
123
153
144
134
162
163
154
164
165
148
139
149
164
155
111
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
5N@
11.00
6N@
9.17
55
7N@
7.86
9N@
6.11
11N@
5.00
5N@
12.00
6N@
10.00
8N@
7.50
60
10N@
6.00
12N@
5.00
15N@
4.00
112
44
48
52
56
60
66
44
48
52
56
60
66
44
48
52
56
60
66
44
48
52
56
60
66
44
48
52
56
60
66
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
48
52
56
60
66
72
4
21
21
20
20
23
24
19
20
20
18
20
19
21
21
21
20
21
22
24
24
25
24
24
24
30
28
27
27
26
26
21
21
22
22
24
25
20
20
19
19
19
22
24
23
23
23
28
29
26
28
27
25
27
26
33
31
29
30
32
29
40
39
38
38
35
35
5
21
21
22
21
24
24
22
22
22
21
21
20
24
24
23
22
22
22
29
28
30
29
27
27
36
33
34
33
31
31
23
22
23
23
24
25
24
23
24
23
23
22
29
29
26
26
30
30
32
34
33
31
32
32
39
37
36
35
35
33
49
48
46
42
41
44
6
24
23
23
24
24
24
26
24
24
24
24
22
28
27
26
25
24
24
34
32
33
32
32
31
43
39
37
39
37
36
27
27
24
24
24
25
29
28
25
24
24
24
34
31
31
32
33
31
37
38
37
37
37
33
46
45
41
39
41
38
64
57
53
51
49
46
7
25
24
25
24
24
25
29
28
26
25
25
24
33
31
29
28
27
26
39
38
39
38
36
35
49
45
44
42
40
39
29
28
28
28
26
25
32
30
30
29
27
27
39
37
36
33
34
34
44
44
43
39
42
38
53
51
48
47
48
42
72
66
67
60
55
55
8
29
28
27
26
27
26
33
31
29
28
29
28
36
34
33
31
30
30
46
40
43
43
40
39
55
54
52
48
47
45
33
31
30
29
30
27
36
33
33
32
32
28
43
40
38
39
41
36
49
50
46
45
49
42
59
57
55
54
53
50
80
74
71
68
62
64

9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
32
35
38
41
43
47
53
59
30
32
35
38
41
43
49
56
29
32
33
36
39
42
44
52
28
31
33
36
37
39
44
51
27
31
33
35
38
38
45
47
28
28
33
34
37
37
42
47
36
38
43
45
51
52
59
66
33
36
40
44
46
50
56
64
33
35
37
41
59
59
66
74
31
35
36
39
42
47
52
55
30
33
35
38
39
43
48
55
30
31
33
36
39
40
47
50
39
44
50
53
59
59
70
75
38
43
45
51
54
56
65
72
36
39
44
46
52
55
62
69
35
38
40
46
48
53
55
64
33
36
39
41
47
49
56
64
32
36
37
40
43
48
52
58
52
55
60
67
74
74
87
98
47
53
57
61
68
69
81
97
47
52
57
65
65
73
77
90
46
51
53
59
66
67
75
87
45
47
52
56
60
67
71
80
42
46
49
54
58
61
71
78
63
67
74
87
88
97
106
126
61
65
69
76
87
89
103
112
55
62
66
73
77
88
99
105
54
60
64
68
77
80
93
102
49
58
64
67
72
77
82
95
50
54
60
65
68
74
82
97
35
39
43
44
49
51
57
63
33
36
40
44
45
47
52
60
31
34
36
41
44
45
52
59
32
34
35
40
42
45
49
53
30
33
35
36
38
42
47
51
30
31
35
36
37
39
45
48
38
41
47
49
56
60
67
72
37
39
46
48
50
57
62
69
38
39
42
48
49
51
58
66
34
39
40
43
49
50
57
63
32
34
40
42
44
50
52
61
33
34
36
41
43
44
52
54
49
56
57
64
72
72
80
93
48
50
57
58
66
72
81
94
44
49
51
58
60
66
75
83
42
47
50
53
59
61
69
77
43
46
48
53
57
62
70
78
41
46
47
52
58
59
66
73
55
60
67
74
79
87
97
105
56
64
65
71
75
88
97
103
51
58
66
65
72
76
90
104
51
57
60
66
70
73
86
93
51
56
62
65
72
74
85
95
47
50
55
59
66
69
74
83
68
75
86
87
97
102
111
135
65
69
76
88
89
98
104
118
62
66
72
77
89
91
104
113
56
64
73
74
79
91
102
106
61
62
70
77
80
87
100
110
52
60
61
69
72
77
86
100
93
102
113
124
126
136
81
94
103
114
126
127
150
80
83
96
104
116
127
140
153
76
83
89
98
106
118
132
144
70
81
87
87
103
110
123
136
66
77
85
90
93
106
125
139
20
63
60
57
53
52
48
75
68
86
63
60
56
87
76
74
70
68
65
105
103
104
92
93
83
137
128
115
107
108
98
69
65
63
60
56
56
80
78
69
70
65
63
112
103
96
85
82
80
118
113
105
104
102
96
22
71
64
65
58
60
55
86
75
93
70
64
62
97
89
86
79
72
70
116
107
105
105
95
91
24
82
71
66
66
61
56
86
87
99
71
71
65
102
98
91
87
81
74
135
118
114
107
108
97
139
131
118
110
113
76
69
69
66
61
56
93
80
79
75
69
68
123
114
104
98
90
90
137
130
123
111
120
98
142
134
121
117
87
77
74
70
67
63
93
94
83
83
77
71
125
125
116
106
100
92
138
138
131
126
122
111
139
129
116
122
110
140
133
134
114
145
147
127
153
142
167
160
171
26
83
73
74
66
67
62
98
89
109
78
75
73
111
103
100
92
93
83
137
129
125
117
109
111
28
86
83
74
74
68
69
101
98
110
91
80
73
120
110
105
101
94
84
139
133
128
118
113
146
137
126
89
85
78
75
72
69
112
94
95
83
84
75
136
127
127
118
108
104
148
141
94
90
87
80
73
70
113
113
96
96
85
87
148
139
129
129
120
110
143
134
134
111
145
121
164
142
151
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
6N@
10.83
8N@
8.12
9N@
7.22
65
10N@
6.50
11N@
5.91
13N@
5.00
7N@
10.00
9N@
7.78
10N@
7.00
70
11N@
6.36
12N@
5.83
14N@
5.00
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
52
56
60
66
72
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
56
60
66
72
78
84
4
22
21
23
22
24
25
24
23
24
38
30
26
25
28
29
31
31
29
27
27
33
32
33
30
30
37
37
35
34
34
24
23
24
24
25
24
26
25
31
32
32
33
27
30
29
30
30
31
32
30
31
32
29
30
34
33
32
32
30
30
36
37
35
34
33
33
5
28
25
24
24
25
31
30
28
28
39
32
32
32
32
30
36
36
34
34
33
39
39
38
37
36
45
43
41
41
41
25
26
27
25
26
27
31
30
34
33
34
34
34
36
35
34
33
33
41
39
38
37
35
36
41
39
37
37
36
36
44
43
42
40
39
40
6
30
29
29
26
27
38
34
33
33
39
38
39
38
37
35
41
40
40
39
37
45
44
44
42
41
55
53
50
49
46
30
30
30
29
28
29
37
35
38
37
36
35
38
41
42
38
37
36
45
44
43
42
40
39
50
46
45
42
42
40
53
54
48
49
44
44
7
33
33
32
31
31
40
39
39
35
39
44
42
40
41
38
49
46
44
43
44
52
51
49
46
47
64
61
58
53
53
35
33
32
32
31
31
40
39
43
43
39
38
45
48
44
43
40
40
51
50
46
48
47
45
56
55
48
48
48
45
63
61
55
55
52
51
8
39
35
34
33
32
44
43
41
42
42
49
48
47
44
44
58
52
51
50
47
59
60
55
54
51
72
69
64
62
58
39
37
35
34
34
35
45
45
48
45
45
45
53
55
51
47
46
47
60
57
53
55
50
49
63
58
55
55
51
51
71
69
64
61
58
58

9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
41
45
49
54
58
61
69
78
40
42
48
49
55
58
63
70
39
41
44
50
50
56
64
71
35
40
42
45
51
51
58
65
35
37
42
43
47
49
54
60
51
58
62
66
74
74
83
97
50
52
59
63
68
74
83
97
47
51
53
60
68
69
77
85
44
49
52
56
63
63
75
80
45
47
52
56
58
65
73
78
58
62
67
74
79
83
97
116
53
59
68
68
76
81
98
106
51
58
60
69
70
78
86
100
50
53
60
64
71
72
81
89
46
52
57
62
66
71
79
91
62
67
75
82
89
97
116
128
60
68
69
77
85
91
107
119
57
61
70
74
78
87
100
109
54
60
65
72
74
82
90
103
52
56
62
67
75
76
87
93
67
75
83
89
98
106
118
131
64
69
77
85
91
99
119
132
63
70
74
79
86
92
109
122
57
64
72
73
81
90
104
113
57
62
67
77
77
88
93
110
79
89
98
106
117
130
142
77
86
91
99
108
120
133
146
71
77
85
93
100
108
131
134
70
75
80
87
93
102
122
134
64
72
78
85
90
90
113
127
43
46
51
56
57
64
71
83
43
44
50
52
57
61
66
73
39
44
46
51
53
58
67
73
38
42
46
47
53
54
60
69
37
40
43
47
49
50
58
63
37
39
42
44
49
51
57
65
53
56
61
67
72
75
88
102
47
54
61
65
70
73
89
99
51
56
63
67
70
74
86
92
51
56
58
64
67
69
77
89
48
53
59
60
66
66
76
87
47
50
55
59
63
67
72
81
57
60
68
75
80
88
100
106
60
65
69
71
84
88
102
109
55
62
66
70
73
85
91
105
52
59
63
66
69
78
88
94
51
55
61
65
71
71
79
94
49
55
57
63
70
72
80
92
64
71
83
87
89
102
108
127
65
66
73
85
89
90
104
114
59
67
67
76
86
88
105
106
57
62
70
70
78
82
94
108
55
61
65
73
72
80
92
98
52
59
66
68
73
78
84
97
68
76
87
88
102
103
113
129
65
74
76
89
90
103
112
128
63
67
76
78
90
92
105
115
61
65
69
77
80
89
102
107
56
64
70
72
80
84
97
106
53
61
68
73
77
83
89
102
75
87
96
102
111
120
137
75
88
89
99
103
112
128
70
77
90
92
102
106
115
132
69
73
81
91
95
103
110
120
67
72
76
84
92
97
111
120
62
69
78
79
86
97
106
116
20
83
80
76
73
68
115
105
99
89
89
128
118
109
103
91
131
132
122
113
110
153
144
134
125
118
26
115
97
98
87
87
141
131
130
122
113
153
144
145
136
127
28
116
117
99
100
89
153
143
133
124
125
146
138
129
140
141
163
143
147
144
164
156
173
110
105
104
94
90
85
121
111
106
102
96
94
131
127
124
116
113
131
118
118
132
127
115
112
133
130
121
137
133
132
119
118
116
136
124
124
148
140
129
141
144
139
130
119
113
115
143
135
123
118
148
141
128
151
144
151
138
138
127
141
143
155
158
137
138
88
85
75
76
71
69
110
105
106
100
93
94
118
122
109
106
96
98
138
129
117
109
110
102
22
95
84
82
78
76
127
118
108
101
92
129
130
120
112
108
154
144
134
125
127
156
147
139
131
161
141
102
90
87
78
78
72
122
114
112
108
102
95
137
130
123
112
108
109
24
97
97
92
83
80
129
129
119
110
104
142
142
132
124
115
155
170
102
102
93
89
83
80
128
129
122
114
110
103
155
146
138
140
113
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
8N@
9.38
10N@
7.50
75
12N@
6.25
14N@
5.36
15N@
5.00
8N@
10.00
10N@
8.00
80
12N@
6.67
14N@
5.71
16N@
5.00
114
56
60
66
72
78
60
66
72
78
84
60
66
72
78
84
66
72
78
84
90
66
72
78
84
90
60
66
72
78
84
90
60
66
72
78
84
90
66
72
78
84
90
96
66
72
78
84
90
96
66
72
78
84
90
96
4
29
26
27
26
27
32
32
30
31
31
38
35
36
35
34
41
41
37
38
37
41
42
41
39
38
28
30
29
30
30
53
31
31
33
32
33
34
36
34
33
34
36
34
39
38
36
36
36
37
42
41
41
39
39
40
5
33
32
32
32
29
39
37
36
35
36
43
42
41
42
39
48
46
44
44
42
52
52
47
46
46
31
31
32
31
32
54
35
35
37
36
37
36
44
42
39
38
39
37
47
46
43
42
41
40
53
50
49
45
46
46
6
40
38
35
34
34
42
42
42
39
39
51
50
46
47
46
56
52
53
52
50
60
59
54
55
52
37
35
33
33
35
56
41
39
43
42
42
40
50
47
46
47
44
43
57
54
50
50
48
47
62
57
58
54
54
55
7
43
42
41
41
37
50
49
45
46
45
59
55
54
54
52
63
61
61
57
58
69
67
65
63
60
42
38
38
37
37
56
47
46
50
46
45
44
57
54
53
49
50
50
64
59
58
56
53
53
70
69
66
61
62
58
8
49
48
44
43
43
59
55
54
48
49
68
62
63
61
56
72
70
68
64
66
77
74
73
67
69
45
45
41
41
39
57
53
52
55
51
51
49
65
59
60
56
56
54
73
67
66
64
61
61
78
76
73
69
70
68

9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
55
61
65
73
79
82
95
115
51
58
63
70
75
80
92
97
51
53
60
64
69
72
82
98
46
52
58
61
66
71
79
87
45
54
54
61
64
69
77
81
67
69
76
83
89
98
117
129
62
69
70
78
86
87
100
119
57
63
72
73
81
86
101
111
56
63
66
74
75
82
91
105
55
59
65
69
77
78
94
95
76
84
90
98
106
118
131
144
70
79
87
90
100
110
122
135
65
73
81
90
91
104
124
126
68
76
78
86
90
98
105
126
64
70
78
79
90
92
106
126
80
89
102
111
122
125
137
75
84
95
101
110
121
134
148
76
80
89
98
103
107
125
139
71
79
86
92
100
108
127
130
73
77
87
94
94
110
119
142
85
98
106
118
120
132
146
84
87
99
110
121
123
146
160
77
88
91
104
112
124
139
152
76
86
92
93
109
116
131
143
74
81
90
95
103
118
133
145
51
56
63
64
72
75
88
97
47
52
57
62
65
70
77
90
46
48
53
59
63
68
76
87
42
47
53
56
60
64
73
81
43
48
52
56
59
63
71
79
57
58
60
63
67
70
79
79
60
68
75
76
88
97
103
112
55
62
70
75
78
90
100
107
62
63
70
74
83
87
97
106
56
63
68
71
76
86
90
100
57
61
65
70
77
78
91
100
53
60
65
68
72
77
87
92
70
73
86
90
103
103
115
130
67
72
77
86
92
101
107
125
65
69
79
80
88
94
108
114
63
70
72
79
83
92
99
111
59
66
72
74
82
86
101
113
60
68
71
75
79
85
98
104
77
89
98
103
109
113
129
76
79
91
101
106
106
125
143
70
78
90
95
96
109
118
136
71
74
80
92
98
99
112
124
68
74
82
86
95
100
115
121
67
74
79
84
88
100
108
118
90
101
105
113
129
130
81
93
102
109
116
118
145
83
91
96
104
112
120
137
149
76
84
97
100
109
115
126
143
74
80
86
101
102
114
119
144
73
81
88
94
106
110
121
133
20
116
116
99
100
89
131
132
123
114
110
22
128
118
118
101
103
154
134
136
127
128
24
140
130
120
121
105
26
152
142
132
122
123
148
141
139
139
153
144
134
125
138
139
131
152
143
156
154
152
141
163
164
171
151
153
144
171
173
176
169
171
146
103
103
92
88
83
90
129
115
120
112
109
102
174
177
112
105
106
94
96
95
139
132
127
122
115
111
133
129
121
116
117
127
113
108
109
98
103
28
137
129
116
111
112
105
131
126
118
114
118
130
125
118
131
132
136
136
138
125
120
140
143
130
149
147
156
149
143
136
127
146
145
152
155
155
164
142
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
9N@
10.00
10N@
9.00
11N@
8.18
90
12N@
7.50
15N@
6.00
18N@
5.00
10N@
10.00
12N@
8.33
15N@
6.67
100
16N@
6.25
17N@
5.88
18N@
5.56
20N@
5.00
72
84
90
96
102
72
84
90
96
102
72
84
90
96
102
78
84
90
96
108
78
84
90
96
108
78
84
90
96
108
78
84
96
102
108
78
84
96
102
108
78
84
96
102
108
84
96
102
108
120
84
96
102
108
120
84
96
102
108
120
84
96
102
108
120
4
40
41
54
55
55
42
42
42
43
43
43
43
45
47
48
44
45
46
46
45
47
49
50
48
51
51
51
52
53
57
45
47
55
55
56
48
48
47
48
48
53
53
52
53
53
53
53
53
54
56
55
54
55
55
56
55
55
56
57
59
58
60
59
60
68
5
42
44
55
56
57
46
45
46
46
45
47
49
48
48
49
49
49
50
48
49
54
54
52
53
57
62
61
58
58
59
49
50
56
56
57
53
52
51
52
51
56
56
56
56
56
58
57
57
58
61
61
59
59
60
62
61
60
61
60
64
66
65
65
67
73
6
46
48
56
57
57
48
49
50
48
48
51
50
51
53
57
53
52
52
52
55
66
62
60
58
59
74
73
70
68
64
52
53
56
57
58
56
55
55
55
55
67
61
61
60
59
69
63
62
62
64
70
65
66
65
67
70
65
66
68
69
77
73
71
71
90
7
49
48
56
57
58
52
51
51
53
53
59
55
53
56
58
60
56
60
58
56
75
68
69
66
64
84
80
79
78
76
55
55
57
58
59
62
63
58
58
59
75
69
68
66
65
72
71
66
67
70
77
72
73
69
71
81
72
73
73
75
94
83
80
80
101
8
55
50
57
58
59
61
58
56
56
57
65
62
59
60
61
68
65
68
63
64
82
76
78
72
72
99
89
90
87
85
58
58
62
61
61
70
68
66
62
62
86
78
72
74
73
80
75
74
76
76
88
80
79
78
78
94
84
84
82
84
103
99
89
89
108

9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
60
64
72
81
82
92
98
117
54
60
67
75
76
84
88
102
59
62
65
72
77
85
88
99
59
64
65
69
74
80
91
98
60
62
65
69
74
75
87
95
64
72
78
85
93
99
118
130
62
69
73
81
94
97
115
117
60
66
71
79
81
89
100
107
59
66
70
74
82
87
95
108
60
65
69
76
77
84
97
105
73
78
86
99
100
119
120
143
67
74
78
87
91
100
113
126
66
72
77
85
90
93
107
128
63
71
75
81
87
95
105
113
64
70
73
82
86
94
101
116
72
79
88
102
103
111
124
149
75
79
84
91
103
105
125
137
75
79
88
89
100
106
126
128
72
76
82
90
93
103
110
129
66
76
81
85
92
97
107
115
94
99
120
121
133
145
148
86
97
103
122
124
125
149
82
90
99
106
125
127
140
153
80
93
95
108
112
129
131
154
78
87
99
101
109
115
136
139
102
120
133
145
148
159
104
113
124
137
150
151
93
106
126
129
142
153
166
95
108
113
131
133
144
158
95
103
113
120
127
139
151
172
62
68
75
79
91
92
106
115
61
69
72
77
81
93
102
109
64
68
74
84
86
87
102
116
64
66
73
77
86
89
100
106
64
67
70
76
80
87
92
106
74
86
92
97
105
112
124
72
84
88
98
99
107
126
133
67
75
81
91
93
102
111
116
69
73
79
90
94
95
113
118
70
72
76
85
92
97
106
117
91
104
106
115
125
133
88
94
107
113
118
128
82
93
99
105
114
118
133
83
85
97
102
116
117
125
144
77
87
99
103
104
118
123
140
92
106
107
117
127
133
85
98
100
115
115
124
140
84
97
102
111
117
118
136
154
82
87
100
104
117
118
129
148
83
86
93
104
109
116
128
140
94
107
114
127
133
145
93
99
113
115
121
135
151
87
98
102
118
118
127
144
87
91
105
107
119
120
140
160
87
93
100
110
112
125
133
149
102
109
118
134
144
97
100
114
120
124
140
89
102
112
118
125
137
154
91
104
106
119
121
130
148
88
98
108
113
122
129
142
163
109
118
134
146
108
115
123
125
144
153
103
114
121
129
147
147
106
110
123
126
134
149
164
113
123
133
152
155
166
182
200
20
119
121
105
107
105
142
137
126
113
115
22
141
124
125
110
112
155
148
129
129
124
24
143
135
128
128
130
26
28
148
138
131
133
149
142
134
141
133
131
153
137
155
138
129
132
124
150
142
134
138
148
150
163
149
151
132
135
152
153
137
156
160
168
173
168
172
131
118
125
121
107
140
133
126
127
127
131
133
123
141
139
143
133
130
149
149
161
168
115
JOIST GIRDERS
ASD
GIRDER
JOIST
GIRDER
SPAN
SPACES
DEPTH
(ft.)
(ft.)
(in.)
10N@
11.00
12N@
9.17
14N@
7.86
110
16N@
6.88
18N@
6.11
20N@
5.50
10N@
12.00
12N@
10.00
15N@
8.00
120
16N@
7.50
18N@
6.67
20N@
6.00
24N@
5.00
116
84
96
108
114
120
84
96
108
114
120
84
96
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
96
102
108
114
120
4
54
62
63
63
64
58
57
58
59
59
60
60
60
61
60
62
63
64
65
66
64
66
66
67
68
68
69
69
69
66
63
64
78
78
79
68
68
69
70
70
69
70
70
70
72
70
70
70
70
70
71
72
72
72
73
76
75
75
77
77
83
81
83
86
86
5
58
62
63
64
64
62
62
64
65
62
66
65
64
65
66
68
67
68
70
69
71
70
71
73
74
77
75
77
77
72
66
67
79
79
81
69
69
70
70
71
74
73
73
73
74
76
74
74
73
75
77
78
79
76
77
82
83
81
82
84
90
88
91
96
97
6
61
63
64
67
66
66
66
68
66
67
71
69
69
69
69
72
74
73
74
75
77
80
77
79
79
82
81
83
86
77
69
69
82
82
83
71
72
72
71
72
77
78
80
78
78
80
78
80
81
79
85
83
84
85
84
89
87
88
87
90
96
99
96
109
107
7
65
65
67
68
69
70
70
72
71
72
76
74
72
74
74
79
80
81
80
81
87
89
83
85
88
99
94
94
91
83
72
71
83
83
84
77
78
75
75
76
82
84
85
83
84
85
86
85
86
85
89
87
88
90
89
94
92
94
93
96
111
108
103
121
117
8
69
69
69
72
72
74
74
75
75
74
84
83
78
79
80
89
89
83
86
88
99
101
94
97
91
106
109
106
101
93
76
75
83
83
84
82
80
81
82
80
90
88
90
88
89
90
92
90
91
90
95
97
94
96
95
110
105
101
103
102
121
118
119
141
143

9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
73
82
83
94
99
100
120
143
72
81
82
91
97
98
107
125
72
75
82
86
91
95
105
113
73
76
79
86
88
96
108
115
74
76
81
83
88
90
100
111
84
88
101
109
120
122
144
79
88
92
101
107
125
127
151
79
84
90
95
106
111
132
136
79
84
89
102
106
107
126
134
79
82
91
96
107
109
126
135
97
102
122
123
134
147
95
100
105
124
125
136
150
87
99
103
108
120
128
142
155
84
93
103
105
111
124
133
157
82
90
96
106
109
126
135
158
104
106
125
126
147
149
103
108
125
127
128
152
156
95
104
110
127
130
142
158
95
105
111
114
132
135
161
162
97
99
109
117
135
138
152
165
106
125
127
148
151
109
127
128
139
152
153
106
111
129
131
144
157
107
113
132
134
137
159
163
101
110
118
136
139
152
166
125
139
152
154
129
130
142
154
155
114
132
133
145
157
169
115
134
135
147
160
161
106
113
126
128
137
154
167
78
82
86
89
89
94
108
115
79
83
83
86
91
92
110
117
83
86
91
95
94
100
108
126
84
86
91
90
95
95
109
127
85
86
88
92
92
97
102
113
86
90
99
100
113
125
130
85
88
96
101
102
116
130
86
90
91
99
103
105
128
134
86
87
92
95
100
130
121
135
84
88
92
93
102
107
123
133
96
109
115
125
129
134
93
103
113
118
129
132
95
101
106
115
119
133
93
98
107
117
121
122
137
94
99
100
110
118
124
140
100
109
114
128
134
97
110
112
120
131
137
95
100
114
120
124
133
96
101
107
117
122
135
145
94
99
103
118
119
126
147
109
116
129
136
111
113
121
138
138
101
115
121
156
157
102
116
117
123
136
143
99
105
118
125
129
140
116
130
136
114
123
140
150
115
121
135
142
152
113
119
128
138
146
107
121
124
133
148
150
136
140
151
129
147
157
143
152
160
146
152
163
165
20
144
22
24
131
133
128
133
136
137
140
158
156
158
158
161
160
129
131
128
133
138
137
26
28
REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS

The following documents are referenced in the Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series, Longspan and Deep
Longspan Steel Joists, LH-and DLH-Series and Joist Girder Specifications:
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC) (2005), Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, Chicago, IL.
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) (2001), North American Specification for Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members, Washington, D.C.
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2002), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures,
ASCE 7-02, Reston, VA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A6/A6M-04b, Standard Specification for General
Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A36/A36M-04, Standard Specification for Carbon
Structural Steel, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A242/242M-04, Standard Specification for HighStrength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), A307-04, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and
Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2003), ASTM A370-03a, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A529/A529M-04, Standard Specification for HighStrength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Quality, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A572/A572M-04, Standard Specification for HighStrength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A588/A588M-04, Standard Specification for HighStrength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point to 4-in. [100-mm] Thick, West
Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A606-04, Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and
Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance,
West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A1008/A1008M-04b, Standard Specification for Steel,
Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
Formability, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society of Testing and Materials (2004), ASTM A1011/A1011M-04a, Standard Specification for Steel,
Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with
Improved Formability, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Welding Society, AWS A5.1-2004, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc
Welding, Miami, FL.
American Welding Society, AWS A5.5-96, Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc
Welding, Miami, FL.
American Welding Society, AWS A5.17-97, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged
Arc Welding, Miami, FL.
American Welding Society, AWS A5.18-2001, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas
Shielded Arc Welding, Miami, FL.
American Welding Society, AWS A5.20-95, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc
Welding, Miami, FL.
American Welding Society, AWS A5.23-97, Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for
Submerged Arc Welding, Miami, FL.
117
REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS

American Welding Society, AWS A5.28-96, Specification for Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc
Welding, Miami, FL.
American Welding Society, AWS A5.29-98, Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc
Welding, Miami, FL.
Federal Register, Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2001), 29 CFR Part 1926
Safety Standards for Steel Erection; Final Rule, 1926.757 Open Web Steel Joists - January 18, 2001,
Washington, D.C.
Fire Resistance Directory Volume 1 (2004), Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL.
Steel Joist Institute (SJI) (2006), Technical Digest #3, Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist Ponding
Loads, Myrtle Beach, SC.
Steel Joist Institute (SJI) (1988), Technical Digest #5, Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete Slab Floors, Myrtle Beach,
SC.
Steel Joist Institute (SJI) (2006), Technical Digest #6, Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads,
Myrtle Beach, SC.
Steel Joist Institute (SJI) (1983), Technical Digest #8, Welding of Open Web Steel Joists, Myrtle Beach, SC.
Steel Joist Institute (SJI) (2006), Technical Digest #9, Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders,
Myrtle Beach, SC.
Steel Joist Institute (SJI) (2003), Technical Digest #10, Design of Fire Resistive Assemblies with Steel Joists,
Myrtle Beach, SC.
Steel Joist Institute (SJI) (1999), Technical Digest #11, Design of Joist-Girder Frames, Myrtle Beach, SC.
Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) (2000), Steel Structures Painting Manual, Volume 2, Systems and
Specifications, Paint Specification No. 15, Steel Joist Shop Primer, May 1, 1999, Pittsburgh, PA.
118
CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE

Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute April 7, 1931
Revised to May 1, 2000 - Effective May 03, 2005
SECTION 1.
GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
The practices and customs set forth herein are in accordance with good engineering practice, tend to ensure safety
in steel joist and Joist Girder construction, and are standard
within the industry. There shall be no conflict between this
code and any legal building regulation. This code shall only
supplement and amplify such laws. Unless specific provisions to the contrary are made in a contract for the purchase
of steel joists or Joist Girders, this code is understood to
govern the interpretation of such a contract.
1.2 APPLICATION
This Code of Standard Practice is to govern as a standard
unless otherwise covered in the architects and engineers
plans and specifications.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
Material. Steel joists, Joist Girders, and accessories as provided by the seller.
Seller. A company certified by the Steel Joist Institute
engaged in the manufacture and distribution of steel joists,
Joist Girders, and accessories.
Buyer. The entity that has agreed to purchase Material from
the manufacturer and has also agreed to the terms of sale.
Owner. The entity that is identified as such in the Contract
Documents.
Erector. The entity that is responsible for the safe and proper
erection of the Materials in accordance with all applicable
codes and regulations.
Specifying Professional. The licensed professional who is
responsible for sealing the building Contract Documents,
which indicates that he or she has performed or supervised the
analysis, design and document preparation for the structure
and has knowledge of the load-carrying structural system.
Structural Drawings. The graphic or pictorial portions of
the Contract Documents showing the design, location and
dimensions of the work. These documents generally include
plans, elevations, sections, details, connections, all loads,
schedules, diagrams and notes.
Placement Plans. Drawings that are prepared depicting
the interpretation of the Contract Documents requirements
for the Material to be supplied by the Seller. These floor
and/or roof plans are approved by the Specifying
Professional, Buyer or owner for conformance with the
design requirements. The Seller uses the information contained on these drawings for final Material design. A unique
piece mark number is typically shown for the individual

placement of the steel joists, Joist Girders and accessories
along with sections that describe the end bearing conditions
and minimum attachment required so that material is placed
in the proper location in the field.
1.4 DESIGN
In the absence of ordinances or specifications to the contrary,
all designs prepared by the specifying professional shall be
in accordance with the Steel Joist Institute Standard
Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables of latest adoption.
1.5 RESPONSIBILITY FOR DESIGN AND ERECTION

When Material requirements are specified, the Seller shall
assume no responsibility other than to furnish the items listed
in Section 5.2 (a). When Material requirements are not specified, the Seller shall furnish the items listed in Section 5.2 (a) in
accordance with Steel Joist Institute Standard Specifications
Load Tables & Weight Tables of latest adoption, and this code.
Pertinent design information shall be provided to the Seller as
stipulated in Section 6.1. The Seller shall identify material by
showing size and type. In no case shall the Seller assume any
responsibility for the erection of the item furnished.
1.6 PERFORMANCE TEST FOR K-SERIES STEEL

JOIST CONSTRUCTION
When performance tests on a structure are required, joists in
the test panel shall have bridging and top deck applied as
used. In addition to the full dead load, the test panel shall
sustain for one hour a test load of 1.65 times the nominal live
load. After this test load has been removed for a minimum
of 30 minutes, the remaining deflection shall not exceed
20% of the deflection caused by the test load. The weight
of the test panel itself shall constitute the dead load of the
construction and shall include the weight of the joists, bridging, top deck, slab, ceiling materials, etc. The nominal live
load shall be the live load specified and in no case shall it be
more than the published joist capacity less the dead load.
The cost of such tests shall be borne by the purchaser.
SECTION 2.
JOISTS AND
ACCESSORIES
2.1 STEEL JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS
Steel joists and Joist Girders shall carry the designations and
meet the requirements of the Steel Joist Institute Standard
K-Series joists are furnished with parallel chords only, and with
minimum standard end bearing depth of 2 1/2 inches (64 mm).
LH- and DLH-Series joists are furnished either underslung
or square ended, with top chords either parallel, pitched one
way or pitched two ways. Underslung types are furnished
with standard end bearing depth of 5 inches (127 mm) for
119

LH-Series. DLH-Series are furnished with standard end
bearing depths of 5 inches (127 mm) for section numbers
thru 17 and 7 1/2 inches (191 mm) for section numbers 18
and 19. The standard pitch is 1/8 inch in 12 inches (1:96).
The nominal depth of a pitched Longspan Joist is taken at
the center of the span.
Joist Girders are furnished either underslung or square ended
with top chords either parallel, pitched one way or pitched two
ways. Underslung types are furnished with a standard end
bearing depth of 7 1/2 inches (191 mm). The standard pitch
is 1/8 inch in 12 inches (1:96). The nominal depth of a pitched
Joist Girder is taken at the center of the span.
Where partitions occur parallel to joists, there shall be at

least one joist provided under each such partition, and more
than one such joist shall be provided if necessary to safely
support the weight of such partition and the adjacent floor,
less the live load, on a strip of floor one foot (305 mm) in
width. When partitions occur perpendicular to the joists,
they shall be treated as concentrated loads, and joists shall
be investigated as indicated in Section 6.1.
2.3 SLOPED END BEARINGS
Because LH- and DLH-Series joists may have exceptionally

high end reactions, it is recommended that the supporting
structure be designed to provide a nominal minimum unit
bearing pressure of 750 pounds per square inch (5171 kilo
Pascal).
Where steel joists or Joist Girders are sloped, beveled ends

or sloped end bearings may be provided where the slope
exceeds 1/4 inch in 12 inches (1:48). When sloped end bearings are required, the seat depths shall be adjusted to maintain the standard height at the shallow end of the sloped
bearing. For Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series, bearing ends
will not be beveled for slopes of 1/4 inch or less in 12 inches (1:48).
2.2 JOIST LOCATION AND SPACING
2.4 EXTENDED ENDS
The maximum joist spacing shall be in accordance with the

requirements of the Steel Joist Institute Standard Specifications
Load Tables & Weight Tables of latest adoption.
Steel joist extended ends shall be in accordance with

Manufacturers Standard and shall meet the requirements of
Appendix B.
Where sidewalls, wall beams or tie beams are capable of

supporting the floor slab or roof deck, the first adjacent joists
may be placed one full space from these members. Joists
are provided with camber and may have a significant difference in elevation with respect to the adjacent structure
because of this camber. This difference in elevation should
be given consideration when locating the first joist adjacent
to a side wall, wall beam or tie beam.
2.5 CEILING EXTENSIONS

Ceiling extensions shall be furnished to support ceilings
which are to be attached to the bottom of the joists. They
are not furnished for the support of suspended ceilings. The
ceiling extension shall be either an extended bottom chord
element or a loose unit, whichever is standard with the manufacturer, and shall be of sufficient strength to properly support
the ceiling.
Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series, should be placed no closer

than 6 inches (152 mm) to supporting walls or members.
TABLE 2.6-1a
K-SERIES JOISTS
**BRIDGING MATERIAL SIZE
SECTION
NUMBER*
Round Rod
Equal Leg Angles
1/2" round
(13 mm)
r = 0.13"
(3.30 mm)
1 x 7/64
1-1/4 x 7/64
1-1/2 x 7/64
1-3/4 x 7/64
2 x 1/8
2-1/2 x 5/32
(25 mm x 3 mm) (32 mm x 3 mm) (38 mm x 3 mm) (45 mm x 3 mm) (52 mm x 3 mm) (64 mm x 4 mm)
r = 0.20"
r = 0.25"
r = 0.30"
r = 0.35"
r = 0.40"
r = 0.50"
(5.08 mm)
(6.35 mm)
(7.62 mm)
(8.89 mm)
(10.16 mm)
(12.70 mm)
19
3'- 3"
(991 mm)
5'- 0"
(1524 mm)
6'- 3"
(1905 mm)
7'- 6"
(2286 mm)
8'- 7"
(2616 mm)
10'- 0"
(3048 mm)
12'- 6"
(3810 mm)
10
3'- 0"
(914 mm)
4'- 8"
(1422 mm)
6'- 3"
(1905 mm)
7'- 6"
(2286 mm)
8'- 7"
(2616 mm)
10'- 0"
(3048 mm)
12'- 6"
(3810 mm)
1112
2'- 7"
(787 mm)
4'- 0"
(1219 mm)
5'- 8"
(1727 mm)
7'- 6"
(2286 mm)
8'- 7"
(2616 mm)
10'- 0"
(3048 mm)
12'- 6"
(3810 mm)
* Refer to last digit(s) of Joist Designation

* * Connection to Joist must resist a nominal unfactored 700 pound force (3114 N)
120

TABLE 2.6-1b
LH-SERIES JOISTS
SPANS OVER 60 ft. (18.3 m) REQUIRE BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING
**BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE (EQUAL LEG ANGLE)
SECTION
1 x 7/64
NUMBER* (25 mm x 3 mm)
r = 0.20"
(5.08 mm)
1-1/4 x 7/64
(32 mm x 3 mm)
r = 0.25"
(6.35 mm)
1-1/2 x 7/64
(38 mm x 3 mm)
r = 0.30"
(7.62 mm)
1-3/4 x 7/64
(45 mm x 3 mm)
r = 0.35"
(8.89 mm)
2 x 1/8
(52 mm x 3 mm)
r = 0.40"
(10.16 mm)
2-1/2 x 5/32
(64 mm x 4 mm)
r = 0.50"
(12.70 mm)
02, 03, 04
4' 7"
(1397 mm)
6' 3"
(1905 mm)
7' 6"
(2286 mm)
8' 9"
(2667 mm)
10' 0"
(3048 mm)
12' 4"
(3759 mm)
05 06
4' 1"
(1245 mm)
5' 9"
(1753 mm)
7' 6"
(2286 mm)
8' 9"
(2667 mm)
10' 0"
(3048 mm)
12' 4"
(3759 mm)
07 08
3' 9"
(1143 mm)
5' 1"
(1549 mm)
6' 8"
(2032 mm)
8' 6"
(2590 mm)
10' 0"
(3048 mm)
12' 4"
(3759 mm)
09 10
4' 6"
(1372 mm)
6' 0"
(1829 mm)
7' 8"
(2337 mm)
10' 0"
(3048 mm)
12' 4"
(3759 mm)
11 12
4' 1"
(1245 mm)
5' 5"
(1651 mm)
6' 10"
(2083 mm)
8' 11"
(2718 mm)
12' 4"
(3759 mm)
13 14
3' 9"
(1143 mm)
4' 11"
(1499 mm)
6' 3"
(1905 mm)
8' 2"
(2489 mm)
12' 4"
(3759 mm)
15 16
4' 3"
(1295 mm)
5' 5"
(1651 mm)
7' 1"
(2159 mm)
11' 0"
(3353 mm)
17
4' 0"
(1219 mm)
5' 1"
(1549 mm)
6' 8"
(2032 mm)
10' 5"
(3175 mm)
* Refer to last two digits of Joist Designation

** Connection to Joist must resist force listed in Table 104.5-1
2.6 BRIDGING AND BRIDGING ANCHORS

(a) Bridging standard with the manufacturer and complying
with the Steel Joist Institute Standard Specifications
Load Tables & Weight Tables of latest adoption shall be
used for bridging all joists furnished by the manufacturer.
Positive anchorage shall be provided at the ends of
each bridging row at both top and bottom chords.
Refer to Appendix E for OSHA steel joist erection stability requirements.

Horizontal bridging shall consist of continuous horizontal steel members. The l/r ratio for horizontal bridging
shall not exceed 300. The material sizes shown in Tables
2.6-1a and 2.6-1b meet the criteria.
(b) For K- and LH-Series Joists horizontal bridging is recommended for spans up to and including 60 feet (18.3 m)
except where the Steel Joist Institute Standard
Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables require bolted diagonal bridging for erection stability.
(c) Diagonal cross bridging consisting of angles or other

shapes connected to the top and bottom chords, of K-,
LH- and DLH-Series Joists shall be used when required
by the applicable Steel Joist Institute Standard
Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables of latest
adoption.
LH- and DLH-Series Joists exceeding 60 feet (18.3 m)

in length shall have bolted diagonal bridging for all rows.
Diagonal bridging, when used, shall have an l/r ratio not

exceeding 200.
Refer to Section 6 in the K-Series Specifications and

Section 105 in the LH- and DLH-Series Specifications
for erection stability requirements.
When the bridging members are connected at their

point of intersection, the material sizes listed in Table
2.6-2 will meet the above specification.
121

1. The bridging shall be indicated on the joist placement
plan.
4. When two pieces of bridging are attached to the

steel joist by a common bolt, the nut that secures the
first piece of bridging shall not be removed from the
bolt for the attachment of the second piece.
2. The joist placement plan shall be the exclusive indicator for the proper placement of this bridging.
5. Bridging attachments shall not protrude above the

top chord of the steel joists.
(d) When bolted diagonal erection bridging is required, the

following shall apply:
3. Shop installed bridging clips, or functional equivalents, shall be provided where the bridging bolts to
the steel joist.
TABLE 2.6-2
K, LH AND DLH SERIES JOISTS
MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR DIAGONAL BRIDGING
**BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE (EQUAL LEG ANGLE)
JOIST DEPTH
1 x 7/64
1-1/4 x 7/64
1-1/2 x 7/64
1-3/4 x 7/64
2 x 1/8
(25 mm x 3 mm)
(32 mm x 3 mm)
(38 mm x 3 mm)
(45 mm x 3 mm)
(50 mm x 3 mm)
r = 0.20" (5.08 mm) r = 0.25" (6.35 mm) r = 0.30" (7.62 mm) r = 0.35" (8.89 mm) r = 0.40" (10.16 mm)
12"
(305 mm)
6' 6" (1981 mm)
8' 3" (2514 mm)
9' 11" (3022 mm)
11' 7" (3530 mm)
14"
(356 mm)
6' 6" (1981 mm)
8' 3" (2514 mm)
9' 11" (3022 mm)
11' 7" (3530 mm)
16"
(406 mm)
6' 6" (1981 mm)
8' 2" (2489 mm)
9' 10" (2997 mm)
11' 6" (3505 mm)
18"
(457 mm)
6' 6" (1981 mm)
8' 2" (2489 mm)
9' 10" (2997 mm)
11' 6" (3505 mm)
20"
(508 mm)
6' 5" (1955 mm)
8' 2" (2489 mm)
9' 10" (2997 mm)
11' 6" (3505 mm)
22"
(559 mm)
6' 4" (1930 mm)
8' 1" (2463 mm)
9' 10" (2997 mm)
11' 6" (3505 mm)
24"
(610 mm)
6' 4" (1930 mm)
8' 1" (2463 mm)
9' 9"
(2971 mm)
11' 5" (3479 mm)
26"
(660 mm)
6' 3" (1905 mm)
8' 0" (2438 mm)
9' 9"
(2971 mm)
11' 5" (3479 mm)
28"
(711 mm)
6' 2" (1879 mm)
8' 0" (2438 mm)
9' 8"
(2946 mm)
11' 5" (3479 mm)
30"
(762 mm)
6' 2" (1879 mm)
7' 11" (2413 mm)
9' 8"
(2946 mm)
11' 4" (3454 mm)
32"
(813 mm)
6' 1" (1854 mm)
7' 10" (2387 mm)
9' 7"
(2921 mm)
11' 4" (3454 mm) 13' 0"
36"
(914 mm)
7' 9" (2362 mm)
9' 6"
(2895 mm)
11' 3" (3429 mm) 12' 11" (3973 mm)
40" (1016 mm)
7' 7" (2311 mm)
9' 5"
(2870 mm)
11' 2" (3403 mm) 12' 10" (3911 mm)
44" (1118 mm)
7' 5" (2260 mm)
9' 3"
(2819 mm)
11' 0" (3352 mm) 12' 9"
(3886 mm)
48" (1219 mm)
7' 3" (2209 mm)
9' 2"
(2794 mm)
10' 11" (3327 mm) 12' 8"
(3860 mm)
52" (1321 mm)
9' 0"
(2743 mm)
10' 9" (3276 mm) 12' 7"
(3835 mm)
56" (1422 mm)
8' 10" (2692 mm)
10' 8" (3251 mm) 12' 5"
(3784 mm)
60" (1524 mm)
8' 7"
(2616 mm)
10' 6" (3200 mm) 12' 4"
(3759 mm)
64" (1626 mm)
8' 5"
(2565 mm)
10' 4" (3149 mm) 12' 2"
(3708 mm)
68" (1727 mm)
8' 2"
(2489 mm)
10' 2" (3098 mm) 12' 0"
(3657 mm)
72" (1829 mm)
8' 0"
(2438 mm)
10' 0" (3048 mm) 11' 10" (3606 mm)
MINIMUM A307 BOLT REQUIRED FOR CONNECTION

SERIES
*SECTION NUMBER
BOLT DIAMETER
K
LH, DLH
LH, DLH
DLH
122
ALL
3/8
2 - 12
3/8
13 - 17
1/2
18 and 19
5/8
*Refer to last digit(s) of Joist Designation
(10 mm)
(10 mm)
(13 mm)
(16 mm)
(3962 mm)

2.7 HEADERS
Headers for Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series as outlined and
defined in Section 5.2 (a) shall be furnished by the Seller. Such
headers shall be any type standard with the manufacturer.
Conditions involving headers shall be investigated and, if necessary, provisions made to provide a safe condition. Headers
are not provided for Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series, and
Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series.
2.8 BOTTOM CHORD LATERAL BRACING FOR

JOIST GIRDERS
Bottom chord lateral bracing may be furnished to prevent lateral movement of the bottom chord of the Joist Girder and to
prevent the ratio of chord length to chord radius of gyration
from exceeding that specified in the Steel Joist Institute
Standard Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables of latest
adoption. The lateral bracing shall be that which is standard
with the manufacturer, and shall be sufficient to properly brace
the bottom chord of the Joist Girder.
SECTION 3.
MATERIALS
3.1 STEEL
The steel used in the manufacture of joists and Joist Girders
shall comply with the Steel Joist Institute Standard
3.2 PAINT
(a) Standard Shop Paint - The shop coat of paint, when
specified, shall comply with the Steel Joist Institute
Standard Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables of
latest adoption.
(b) Disclaimer - The typical shop applied paint that is used to
coat steel joists and Joist Girders is a dip applied, air dried
paint. The paint is intended to be an impermanent and provisional coating which will protect the steel for only a short
period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions.
Since most steel joists and Joist Girders are painted
using a standard dip coating, the coating may not be uniform and may include drips, runs, and sags.
Compatibility of any coating including fire protective
coatings applied over a standard shop paint shall be the
responsibility of the specifier and/or painting contractor.
The shop applied paint may require field touch-up/repair
as a result of, but not limited to, the following:
1. Abrasions from: Bundling, banding, loading and unloading, chains, dunnage during shipping, cables and chains
during erection, bridging, installation, and other handling
at the jobsite.
NOTE: Rusting should be expected at any abrasion.
2. Dirt.
3. Diesel smoke.
4. Road salt.
5. Weather conditions during storage.
The joist manufacturer shall not be responsible for the condition
of the paint if it is not properly protected after delivery.
SECTION 4.
INSPECTION
Inspections shall be made in accordance with the Steel Joist
Institute Standard Specifications Load Tables & Weight
Tables Section 5.12 for K-Series, Section 104.13 for LH- and
DLH-Series, and Section 1004.10 for Joist Girders.
SECTION 5.
ESTIMATING
5.1 PLANS FOR BIDDING
Plans to serve as the basis for bids shall show the character
of the work with sufficient clarity to permit making an accurate estimate and shall show the following:
Designation and location of Materials (See Section 5.2 [a]),
including any special design or configuration requirements.
Locations and elevations of all steel and concrete
supporting members and bearing walls.
Location and length of joist extended ends.
Location and size of all openings in floors and roofs.
Location of all partitions.
Loads and their locations as defined in Section 6.1.
Construction and thickness of floor slabs, roof deck,
ceilings and partitions.
Joists or Joist Girders requiring extended bottom chords.
Paint, if other than manufacturers standard.
5.2 SCOPE OF ESTIMATE

(a) Unless otherwise specified, the following items shall be
included in the estimate, and requirements shall be
determined as outlined in Section 6.1.
Steel Joists.
Joist Girders.
Joist Substitutes.
Joist Extended Ends.
Ceiling Extensions.
Extended bottom chord used as strut.
Bridging and bridging anchors.
Joist Girder bottom chord bracing.
Headers which are defined as members supported by
and carrying Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series.
One shop coat of paint, when specified, shall be in
accordance with Section 3.2.
(b) The following items shall not be included in the estimate
but may be quoted and identified by the joist manufacturer as separate items:
Headers for Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series.
123

Headers for Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series.
Headers for Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series.
Reinforcement in slabs over joists.
Centering material, decking, and attachments.
Miscellaneous framing between joists for openings at
ducts, dumbwaiters, ventilators, skylights, etc.
Loose individual or continuous bearing plates and bolts
or anchors for such plates.
Erection bolts for joist and Joist Girder end anchorage.
Horizontal bracing in the plane of the top and bottom
chords from joist to joist or joist to structural framing and
walls.
The specifying professional shall give due consideration to the following loads and load effects:
1. Ponded rain water.
Wood nailers.
2. Accumulation of snow in the vicinity of obstructions

such as penthouses, signs, parapets, adjacent buildings, etc.
Moment plates.
3. Wind.
Special joist configuration or bridging layouts for ductwork or sprinkler systems.
4. Type and magnitude of end moments and/or axial

forces at the joist and Joist Girder end supports shall
be shown on the structural drawings. For moment
resisting joists or Joist Girders framing near the end
of a column, due consideration shall be given to
extend the column length to allow a plate type connection between the top of the joist or Joist Girder
top chord and the column.
Shear Studs.
SECTION 6.
PLANS AND
SPECIFICATIONS
6.1 PLANS FURNISHED BY BUYER
The Buyer shall furnish the Seller plans and specifications as
prepared by the specifying professional showing all
Material requirements and steel joist and/or steel Joist Girder
designations, the layout of walls, columns, beams, girders
and other supports, as well as floor and roof openings and
partitions correctly dimensioned. The live loads to be used,
the wind uplift if any, the weights of partitions and the location and amount of any special loads, such as monorails,
fans, blowers, tanks, etc., shall be indicated. The elevation
of finished floors, roofs, and bearings shall be shown with
due consideration taken for the effects of dead load deflections.
(a) Loads The Steel Joist Institute does not presume to establish the
loading requirements for which structures are designed.
The Steel Joist Institute Load Tables are based on uniform
loading conditions and are valid for use in selecting joist
sizes for gravity loads that can be expressed in terms of
pounds per linear foot (kiloNewtons per Meter) of joist.
The Steel Joist Institute Joist Girder Weight Tables are
based on uniformly spaced panel point loading conditions and are valid for use in selecting Joist Girder sizes
for gravity conditions that can be expressed in kips
(kiloNewtons) per panel point on the Joist Girder.
The specifying professional shall provide the nominal
loads and load combinations as stipulated by the applicable code under which the structure is designed and
shall provide the design basis (ASD or LRFD).
The specifying professional shall calculate and provide
the magnitude and location of ALL JOIST and JOIST
124
GIRDER LOADS. This includes all special loads (drift

loads, mechanical units, net uplift, axial loads,
moments, structural bracing loads, or other applied
loads) which are to be incorporated into the joist or Joist
Girder design. For Joist Girders, reactions from supported members shall be clearly denoted as point loads
on the Joist Girder. When necessary to clearly convey
the information, a Load Diagram or Load Schedule shall
be provided.
Avoid resolving joist or Joist Girder end moments and

axial forces through the bearing seat connection.
A note shall be provided on the structural drawings
stating that all moment resisting joists shall have all
dead loads applied to the joist before the bottom
chord struts are welded to the supporting connection
whenever the moments provided do not include dead
load.
The top and bottom chord moment connection details
shall be designed by the specifying professional. The
joist designer shall furnish the specifying professional
with the joist detail information if requested.
The nominal loads, as determined by the specifying
professional, shall not be less than that specified in the
applicable building codes.
Where concentrated loads occur, the magnitude and
location of these concentrated loads shall be shown on
the structural drawings when, in the opinion of the
specifying professional, they may require consideration by the joist manufacturer.
The specifying professional shall use one of the following options that allows the:
- Estimator to price the joists.
- Joist manufacturer to design the joists properly.
- Owner to obtain the most economical joists.
Option 1: Select a Standard Steel Joist Institute joist for
the uniform design loading and provide the load and
location of any additional loads on the structural plan
with a note Joist manufacturer shall design joists for
additional loads as shown. This option works well for a
few added loads per joist with known locations.

Option 2: Select a KCS joist using moment and end
reaction. This option works well for concentrated loads
for which exact locations are not known or for multiple
loading. See examples and limitations on the pages
accompanying the KCS Joist Load Tables.
LRFD EXAMPLE:
U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS AND (METRIC UNITS)
600 lbs (2.67 kN) 360 lbs (1.60 kN)

(1.2 x 500 lbs)
(1.2 x 300 lbs)
8'-0"
(2.44 m)
a) Determine the maximum moment

b) Determine the maximum end reaction (shear)
c) Select the required KCS joist that provides the
required moment and end reaction (shear).
6'-0"
(1.83 m)
256 lb/ft (3.74 kN/m)

(1.6 x 160 plf)
SNOW LOAD 288 lb/ft (4.21 kN/m) (1.6 x 180 plf)
Option 3: Specify a SPECIAL joist with load diagrams.

This option is preferred when the joist includes loading
that cannot clearly be denoted on the structural drawings.
DEAD LOAD 72 lb/ft (1.06 kN/m) (1.2 x 60 plf)
18"
(457 mm)
a) Provide a load diagram to clearly define ALL loads

b) Place the designation ( i.e. 18K SP or 18LH SP )
under the load diagram with the following note:
Joist manufacturer to design joist to support loads
as shown above.
CAUTION: The specifying professional shall compare
the equivalent uniform loads derived from the maximum
moment and shear to the uniform loads tabulated in the
K-Series Load Table. An equivalent unfactored uniform
load in excess of 550 plf (8020 N/m) or a maximum
unfactored end reaction exceeding 9200 lbs (40.9 kN)
indicates that the specifying professional shall consider using additional joists to reduce the loading or use an
LH-Series Joist and make provisions for 5 inch (127
mm) deep bearing seats.
SPECIAL LOADING : Please note the load combinations
shown are for referenced examples only and it is not to
be presumed that the joist designer is responsible for
the applicable building code load combinations. If the
loading criteria are too complex to adequately communicate in a simple load diagram, then the specifying professional shall provide a load schedule showing the
specified design loads, load categories, and required
load combinations with applicable load factors.
ASD EXAMPLE:
U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS AND (METRIC UNITS)
3'-0"
(0.91 m)
RL
30'-0" (9.14 m)
960 lbs (4.27 kN)

(1.2 x 800 lbs)
7'-0"
(2.13 m)
RR
18K SP
Joist manufacturer to design joist to support factored loads as shown.
Factored Load diagram per ASCE 7 2.3.2(3) 1.2D + 1.6S

(b) Connections Minimum End Anchorage for simple span gravity loading shall be in accordance with Steel Joist Institute
Standard Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables
Section 5.6 for K-Series, Section 104.4 for LH- and
DLH-Series, and Section 1004.6 for Joist Girders. The
specifying professional is responsible for the design of
the joist and Joist Girder connection when it is subject
to any loads other than simple span gravity loading
including uplift and lateral loads. The specifying professional is also responsible for bridging termination
connections. The contract documents must clearly illustrate these connections.
(c) Special Considerations
The specifying professional shall indicate on the construction documents special considerations including:
a) Profiles for non-standard joist and Joist Girder configurations (Standard joist and Joist Girder configurations
are as indicated in the Steel Joist Institute Standard
Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables of latest
adoption).
b) Oversized or other non-standard web openings
500 lbs
(2.22 kN)
8'-0"
(2.44 m)
6'-0"
(1.83 m)
160 lb/ft
(2.34 kN/m)
c) Extended ends
300 lbs
(1.33 kN)
d) Deflection criteria for live and total loads for non-SJI

standard joists
3'-0"
(0.91 m)
e) Non-SJI standard bridging
6.2 PLANS FURNISHED BY SELLER
SNOW LOAD 180 lb/ft (2.63 kN/m)

DEAD LOAD 60 lb/ft (0.88 kN/m)
18"
(457 mm)
RL
30'-0" (9.14 m)
800 lbs
(3.56 kN)
7'-0"
(2.13 m)
RR
18K SP
Joist manufacturer to design joist to support loads as shown above.
Load diagram per ASCE 7 2.4.1(3)
D+S
The Seller shall furnish the Buyer with steel joist placement
plans to show the Material as specified on the construction
documents and are to be utilized for field installation in accordance with specific project requirements as stated in Section
6.1. Steel placement plans shall include, at a minimum, the
following:
1. Listing of all applicable loads as stated in Section 6.1
and used in the design of the steel joists and Joist
Girders as specified in the construction documents.
125

2. Profiles for non-standard joist and Joist Girder configurations (Standard joist and Joist Girder configurations are as indicated in the Steel Joist Institute
Standard Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables
of latest adoption).
3. Connection requirements for:
a) Joists supports
b) Joist Girder supports
c) Field splices
d) Bridging attachments
4. Deflection criteria for live load and total loads for nonSJI standard joists.
5. Size, location, and connections for all bridging
6. Joists headers
All Material shall be identified with its mark which also
appears on the bill of material. The shop paint shall be as
noted on the joist placement plans. Steel joist placement
plans do not require the seal and signature of the joist
manufacturers registered design professional.
6.3 DISCREPANCIES
The specifying professionals bid plans and specifications
will be assumed to be correct in the absence of written
notice from the Buyer to the contrary. When plans are furnished by the Buyer which do not agree with the Architects
bid plans, such detailed plans shall be considered as a written notice of change of plans. However, it shall be the
Buyers responsibility to advise the Seller of those changes
which affect the joists or Joist Girders.
6.4 APPROVAL
When joist placement plans are furnished by the Seller, prints
thereof are submitted to the Buyer and owner for examination and approval. The Seller allows a maximum of fourteen
(14) calendar days in their schedule for the return of placement plans noted with the owners and customers approval,
or approval subject to corrections as noted. The Seller
makes the corrections, furnishes corrected prints for field
use to the owner/customer and is released by the
owner/customer to start joist manufacture.
Approval by the owner/customer of the placement plans,
sections, notes and joist schedule prepared by the Seller
indicates that the Seller has correctly interpreted the contract requirements, and is released by the owner/customer
to start joist manufacture. This approval constitutes the
owners/customers acceptance of all responsibility for the
design adequacy of any detail configuration of joist support
conditions shown by the Seller as part of the preparation of
these placement plans.
Approval does not relieve the Seller of the responsibility for
accuracy of detail dimensions on the plans, nor the general
fit-up of joists to be placed in the field.
6.5 CHANGES
When any changes in plans are made by the buyer (or the
buyers representative) either prior to or after approval of
detailed plans, or when any Material is required and was not
shown on the plans used as the basis of the bid, the cost of
such changes and/or extra Material shall be paid by the Buyer
at a price to be agreed upon between Buyer and Seller.
126
6.6 Calculations
The seller shall design the steel joists and/or steel Joist
Girders in accordance with the current Steel Joist Institute
Standard Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables to support the load requirements of Section 6.1. The specifying
professional may require submission of the steel joist and
Joist Girder calculations as prepared by a registered design
professional responsible for the product design. If requested
by the specifying professional, the steel joist manufacturer
shall submit design calculations with a cover letter bearing
the seal and signature of the joist manufacturers registered
design professional. In addition to standard calculations
under this seal and signature, submittal of the following shall
be included:
1. Non-SJI standard bridging details (e.g. for cantilevered
conditions, net uplift, etc.)
2. Connection details for:
a) Non-SJI standard connections (e.g. flush framed
or framed connections)
b) Field splices
c) Joist headers
SECTION 7.*
HANDLING AND
ERECTION
The current OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS FOR STEEL ERECTION, 29 CFR PART 1926, SUBPART R- STEEL ERECTION,
refers to certain joists at or near columns to be designed with
sufficient strength to allow one employee to release the
hoisting cable without the need for erection bridging.
This STANDARD shall not be interpreted that any joist at
or near a column line is safe to support an employee
without bridging installed. Many limitations exist that
prevent these joists from being designed to safely allow an
employee on an un-bridged joist. Because of these limitations these joists must be erected by incorporating erection
methods ensuring joist stability and either:
1) Installing bridging or otherwise stabilizing the joist prior to
releasing the hoisting cable, or
2) Releasing the hoisting cable without having a worker on
the joist.
A steel joist or Joist Girder shall not be placed on any support structure unless such structure is stabilized. When steel
joists or Joist Girders are landed on a structure, they shall be
secured to prevent unintentional displacement prior to installation.
A bridging terminus point shall be established before joist
bridging is installed.
Steel joist and Joist Girders shall not be used as anchorage
points for a fall arrest system unless written directions to do
so is obtained from a qualified person(1).

No modification that affects the strength of a steel joist or
Joist Girder shall be made without the written approval of
the project engineer of record.
The Buyer and/or Erector shall check all materials on arrival
at job site and promptly report to Seller any discrepancies
and/or damages. The Buyer and/or Erector shall comply
with the requirements of the Steel Joist Institute Standard
Specifications Load Tables & Weight Tables of latest adoption in the handling and erection of Material.
The Seller shall not be responsible for the condition of paint
finish on Material if it is not properly protected after delivery.
The Seller shall not be responsible for improper fit of Material
due to inaccurate construction work.
* For thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI
(1)
See Appendix E for OSHA definition of a qualified

person.
SECTION 8.
BUSINESS RELATIONS
8.1 PRESENTATION OF PROPOSALS
All proposals for furnishing Material shall be made on a
Sales Contract Form. After acceptance by the Buyer, these
proposals must be approved or executed by a qualified official of the Seller. Upon such approval the proposal becomes
a contract.
8.2 ACCEPTANCE OF PROPOSALS

All proposals are intended for prompt acceptance and are
subject to change without notice.
8.3 BILLING
Contracts on a lump sum basis are to be billed proportionately as shipments are made.
8.4 PAYMENT
Payments shall be made in full on each invoice without
retention.
8.5 ARBITRATION
All business controversies which cannot be settled by direct
negotiations between Buyer and Seller shall be submitted to
arbitration. Both parties shall sign a submission to arbitration and if possible agree upon an arbitrator. If they are
unable to agree, each shall appoint an arbitrator and these
two shall appoint a third arbitrator. The expenses of the arbitration shall be divided equally between the parties, unless
otherwise provided for in the agreements to submit to arbitration. The arbitrators shall pass final judgment upon all
questions, both of law and fact, and their findings shall be
conclusive.
127
GLOSSARY
NOTES:
Terms in Bold and their definitions come from the AISC AND
AISI STANDARD Standard Definitions for Use in the Design
of Steel Structures, 2004 Edition, First Printing April 2005.
* These terms are usually qualified by the type of load
effect, e.g., nominal tensile strength, available compressive strength, design flexural strength.
** Term usually qualified by the type of component, e.g.
local web buckling, local flange buckling, etc.
Accessories. Structural components related to the design,
fabrication and erection of joists and Joist Girders including,
but not limited to sloped end bearings, extended ends, ceiling extensions, bridging and bridging anchors, headers and
bottom chord lateral bracing for Joist Girders.
ASD (Allowable Strength Design). Method of proportioning structural components such that the allowable strength
equals or exceeds the required strength of the component
under the action of the ASD load combinations.
ASD Load Combination. Load combination in the applicable building code intended for allowable strength design
(allowable stress design).
Allowable Strength*. Nominal strength divided by the safety factor, Rn /
.
Applicable Building Code. Building code under which the
structure is designed.
Available Strength*. Design strength or allowable strength
as appropriate.
Bay. The distance between the main structural frames or
walls of a building.
Bearing. The distance that the bearing shoe or seat of a joist
or Joist Girder extends over its masonry, concrete or steel
support.
Bearing Plate. The steel plate used for a joist or Joist Girder
to bear on when it is supported by masonry or concrete supports. The plate is designed by the Specifying Professional
to carry the joist reaction to the supporting structure.
Buyer. The entity that has agreed to purchase material from

the manufacturer and has also agreed to the terms of sale.
Camber. An upward curvature of the chords of a joist or
Joist Girder induced during shop fabrication. Note this is in
addition to the pitch of the top chord.
Ceiling Extension. A bottom chord extension except that
only one angle of the joist bottom chord is extended from the
first bottom chord panel point towards the end of the joist.
Chords. The top and bottom members of a joist or Joist
Girder. When a chord is comprised of two angles there is
usually a gap between the members.
Clear Span. The actual clear distance or opening between
supports for a joist, that is the distance between walls or the
distance between the edges of flanges of beams.
Cold-Formed Steel Structural Member. Shape manufactured by press-braking blanks sheared from sheets, cut
lengths of coils or plates, or by roll forming cold- or hotrolled coils or sheets; both forming operations being performed at ambient room temperature, that is, without manifest addition of heat such as would be required for hot forming.
Collateral Load. All additional dead loads other than the
weight of the building, such as sprinklers, pipes, ceilings,
and mechanical or electrical components.
Connection. Combination of structural elements and joints
used to transmit forces between two or more members. See
also Splice.
Deck. A floor or roof covering made out of gage metal
attached by welding or mechanical means to joists, beams,
purlins, or other structural members and can be galvanized,
painted, or unpainted.
Design Load. Applied load determined in accordance with
either LRFD load combinations or ASD load combinations,
whichever is applicable.
Design Strength*. Resistance factor multiplied by the nominal strength, Rn.
Bottom Chord Extension (BCX). The two angle extended

part of a joist bottom chord from the first bottom chord panel
point towards the end of the joist.
Diagonal Bridging. Two angles or other structural shapes

connected from the top chord of one joist to the bottom
chord of the next joist to form an X shape. These members
are almost always connected at their point of intersection.
Bridging. In general, a member connected to a joist to brace

it from lateral movement. See also Diagonal Bridging and
Horizontal Bridging
Diaphragm. Roof, floor or other membrane or bracing system that transfers in-plane forces to the lateral force resisting system.
Buckling. Limit state of sudden change in the geometry of a

structure or any of its elements under a critical loading condition.
Effective Length. Length of an otherwise identical column

with the same strength when analyzed with pin-ended
boundary conditions.
Buckling Strength. Nominal strength for buckling or instability

limit states.
Elastic Analysis. Structural analysis based on the assumption that the structure returns to its original geometry on
removal of the load.
128
GLOSSARY
End Diagonal or Web. The first web member on either end
of a joist or Joist Girder which begins at the top chord at the
seat and ends at the first bottom chord panel point.
Erector. The entity that is responsible for the safe and proper erection of the materials in accordance with all applicable
codes and regulations.
Extended End. The extended part of a joist top chord with
the seat angles also being extended from the end of the joist
extension back into the joist and maintaining the standard
end bearing depth over the entire length of the extension.
Factored Load. Product of a load factor and the nominal
load.
Filler. A rod, plate or angle welded between a two angle web
member or between a top or bottom chord panel to tie them
together, usually located at the middle of the member.
Flexural Buckling. Buckling mode in which a compression
member deflects laterally without twist or change in crosssectional shape.
Flexural-Torsional Buckling. Buckling mode in which a
compression member bends and twists simultaneously without change in cross-sectional shape.
Girt. Horizontal structural member that supports wall panels
and is primarily subjected to bending under horizontal loads,
such as wind load.
Gravity Load. Load, such as that produced by dead and live
loads, acting in the downward direction.
Header. A structural member located between two joists or
between a joist and a wall which carries another joist or
joists. It is usually made up of an angle, channel, or beam
with saddle angle connections on each end for bearing.
Horizontal Bridging. A continuous angle or other structural
shape connected to the top and bottom chord of a joist.
Inelastic Analysis. Structural analysis that takes into account
inelastic material behavior, including plastic analysis.
Instability. Limit state reached in the loading of a structural
component, frame or structure in which a slight disturbance
in the loads or geometry produces large displacements.
Joint. Area where two or more ends, surfaces or edges are
attached. Categorized by type of fastener or weld used and
the method of force transfer.
Joist. A structural load-carrying member with an open web
system which supports floors and roofs utilizing hot-rolled or
cold-formed steel and is designed as a simple span member.
Currently, the SJI has the following joist designations: KSeries including KCS, LH-Series and DLH-Series.
Joist Girder. A primary structural load-carrying member with
an open web system designed as a simple span supporting
equally spaced concentrated loads of a floor or roof system
acting at the panel points of the member and utilizing hotrolled or cold-formed steel.
Joist Substitute. A structural member whos intended use is

for very short spans (10 feet or less) where open web steel
joists are impractical. They are usually used for short spans
in skewed bays, over corridors or for outriggers. It can be
made up of two or four angles to form channel sections or
box sections.
Lateral Buckling. Buckling mode of a flexural member
involving deflection normal to the plane of bending.
Lateral-Torsional Buckling. Buckling mode of a flexural
member involving deflection normal to the plane of bending
occurring simultaneously with twist about the shear center of
the cross section.
Limit State. Condition in which a structure or component
becomes unfit for service and is judged either to be no
longer useful for its intended function (serviceability limit
state) or to have reached its ultimate load-carrying capacity
(strength limit state).
Load. Force or other action that results from the weight of
building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, or restrained
dimensional changes.
Load Effect. Forces, stresses, and deformations produced
in a structural component by the applied loads.
Load Factor. Factor that accounts for deviations of the
nominal load from the actual load, for uncertainties in the
analysis that transforms the load into a load effect, and for
the probability that more than one extreme load will occur
simultaneously.
Local Buckling**. Limit state of buckling of a compression
element within a cross section.
LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design). Method of
proportioning structural components such that the design
strength equals or exceeds the required strength of the component under the action of the LRFD load combinations.
LRFD Load Combination. Load combination in the applicable building code intended for strength design (Load and
Resistance Factor Design).
Material. Joists, Joist Girders and accessories as provided
by the Seller.
Nailers. Strips of lumber attached to the top chord of a joist
so plywood or other flooring can be nailed directly to the
joist.
Nominal Load. Magnitude of the load specified by the
applicable building code.
Nominal Strength*. Strength of a structure or component
(without the resistance factor or safety factor applied) to
resist the load effects, as determined in accordance with
these Standard Specifications.
Owner. The entity that is identified as such in the Contract
Documents.
129
GLOSSARY
Permanent Load. Load in which variations over time are rare
or of small magnitude. All other loads are variable loads.
Placement Plans. Drawings that are prepared depicting the
interpretation of the Contract Documents requirements for the
material to be supplied by the Seller. These floor and/or roof
plans are approved by the Specifying Professional, Buyer or
Owner for conformance with the design requirements. The
Seller uses the information contained on these drawings for
final material design. A unique piece mark number is typically shown for the individual placement of joists, Joist Girders
and accessories along with sections that describe the end
bearing conditions and minimum attachment required so that
material is placed in the proper location in the field.
Ponding. Retention of water at low or irregular areas on a
roof due solely to the deflection of flat roof framing.
Purlin. Horizontal structural member that supports roof
deck and is primarily subjected to bending under vertical
loads such as dead, snow or wind loads.
Quality Assurance. System of shop and field activities and
controls implemented by the owner or his/her designated
representative to provide confidence to the owner and the
building authority that quality requirements are implemented.
Quality Control. System of shop and field controls implemented by the seller and erector to ensure that contract and
company fabrication and erection requirements are met.
Required Strength*. Forces, stress, and deformations produced in a structural component, determined by either structural analysis, for the LRFD or ASD load combinations, as
appropriate, or as specified by these Standard Specifications.
Resistance Factor, . Factor that accounts for unavoidable
deviations of the nominal strength from the actual strength
and for the manner and consequences of failure.
Safety Factor, . Factor that accounts for deviations of the
actual strength from the nominal strength, deviations of the
actual load from the nominal load, uncertainties in the analysis that transforms the load into a load effect and for the
manner and consequences of failure.
Seller. A company certified by the Joist Institute engaged in
the manufacture and distribution of joists, Joist Girders and
accessories.
Service Load. Load under which serviceability limit states
are evaluated.
Serviceability Limit State. Limiting condition affecting the
ability of a structure to preserve its appearance, maintainability, durability, or the comfort of its occupants or function
of machinery, under normal usage.
Slenderness Ratio. The ratio of the effective length of a column to the radius of gyration of the column about the same
axis of bending.
130
Span. The centerline-to-centerline distance between structural steel supports such as a beam, column or Joist Girder
or the clear span distance plus four inches onto a masonry
or concrete wall.
Specified Minimum Yield Stress. Lower limit of yield stress
specified for a material as defined by ASTM.
Specifying Professional. The licensed professional who is
responsible for sealing the building Contract Documents,
which indicates that he or she has performed or supervised the
analysis, design and document preparation for the structure
and has knowledge of the load-carrying structural system.
Splice. Connection between two structural members joined
at their ends by either bolting or welding to form a single,
longer member.
Stability. Condition reached in the loading of a structural component, frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the
loads or geometry does not produce large displacements.
Stabilizer Plate. A steel plate at a column or wall inserted
between the end of a bottom chord of a joist or Joist Girder.
Standard Specifications. Documents developed and maintained by the Steel Joist Institute for the design and manufacture of open web steel joists and Joist Girders. The term
SJI Standard Specifications encompass by reference the
following:
ANSI/SJI-K-1.1 Standard Specifications for Open Web Steel
Joists,
K-Series;
ANSI/SJI-LH/DLH-1.1
Standard
Specifications for Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series and Deep
Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series; and ANSI/SJI-JG-1.1
Standard Specifications for Joist Girders.
Strength Limit State. Limiting condition affecting the safety
of the structure, in which the ultimate load-carrying capacity
is reached.
Structural Analysis. Determination of load effects on members and connections based on principles of structural
mechanics.
Structural Drawings. The graphic or pictorial portions of the
Contract Documents showing the design, location and
dimensions of the work. These documents generally include
plans, elevations, sections, details, connections, all loads,
schedules, diagrams and notes.
Tagged End. The end of a joist or Joist Girder where an identification or piece mark is shown by a metal tag. The member must be erected with this tagged end in the same position as the tagged end noted on the placement plan.
Tensile Strength (of material). Maximum tensile stress that
a material is capable of sustaining as defined by ASTM.
Tie Joist. A joist that is bolted at a column.
GLOSSARY
Top Chord Extension (TCX). The extended part of a joist top
chord. This type of extension only has the two top chord
angles extended past the joist seat.
Torsional Buckling. Buckling mode in which a compression
member twists about its shear center axis.
Unbraced Length. Distance between braced points of a
member, measured between the centers of gravity of the
bracing members.
Variable Load. Load not classified as permanent load.
Webs. The vertical or diagonal members joined at the top
and bottom chords of a joist or Joist Girder to form triangular
patterns.
Yield Point. First stress in a material at which an increase in
strain occurs without an increase in stress as defined by
ASTM.
Yield Strength. Stress at which a material exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the proportionality of stress to
strain as defined by ASTM.
Yield Stress. Generic term to denote either yield point or
yield strength, as appropriate for the material.
131
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX A JOIST SUBSTITUTES K-SERIES
Joist substitutes are 2.5 inch (64 mm) deep sections intended for use in very short spans (less than 8 feet (2.4 m)) where
Open Web Steel Joists are impractical. They are commonly
specified to span over hallways and short spans in skewed
bays.
stitutes exhibit some degree of instability. After erection and

before loads of any description are placed on the joist substitutes, the ends must be attached to the supports per SJI
K-Series specifications and the deck installed and attached
to the top flange.
Joist substitutes are fabricated from material conforming to

Steel Joist Institute Specifications. Full lateral support to the
compressive flange is provided by attachments to the deck.
Caution must be exercised during erection since joist sub-
Tables below list uniform loads based on LRFD and ASD

methods of design and listed in U.S. Customary and Metric
units:
LRFD
LRFD
2.5 Inch K-Series Joist Substitutes

Based on a Maximum Yield Strength of 50 ksi
2.5K3
2.5K2
2.5K1
Designation
Span (ft-in)
Pounds per Linear Foot
64 mm K-Series Joist Substitute

Based on a Maximum Yield Strength of 345 MPa
2.5K3
2.5K2
2.5K1
Designation
KiloNewtons per Meter (kN/m)
Span (mm)
4'-0"
825
825
825
1219
12.03
12.03
12.03
5'-0"
825
338
561
189
405
116
306
76
825
465
778.5
260
562.5
160
426
105
825
1524
1828
12.03
6.78
11.36
3.79
8.21
2.33
6.21
1.53
12.03
825
354
810
218
612
143
12.03
4.93
8.18
2.75
5.91
1.69
4.46
1.10
6'-0"
7'-0"
8'-0"
2133
2438
ASD
ASD
2.5 Inch K-Series Joist Substitutes

2.5K1
2.5K2
Designation
2.5K3
Span (ft-in)
64 mm K-Series Joist Substitutes

2.5K1
2.5K2
Designation
2.5K3
Span (mm)
4'-0"
550
550
550
1219
8.02
8.02
8.02
5'-0"
550
338
374
189
270
116
204
76
550
465
519
260
375
160
284
105
550
1524
1828
8.02
6.78
7.57
3.79
5.47
2.33
4.14
1.53
8.02
550
354
540
218
408
143
8.02
4.93
5.45
2.75
3.94
1.69
2.97
1.10
6'-0"
7'-0"
8'-0"
2133
2438
The figures shown in red are the uniform live loads which produce an
approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span.
132
12.03
5.16
11.82
3.18
8.93
2.08
8.02
5.16
7.88
3.18
5.95
2.08
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX B - TOP CHORD EXTENSIONS
AND EXTENDED ENDS, K-SERIES
Joist extensions are commonly furnished to support a variety of overhang conditions. The two types are pictured
below. The first is the TOP CHORD EXTENSION or S
TYPE, which has only the top chord angles extended. The
second is the EXTENDED END or R TYPE in which the
standard 2 1/2 in., (64 mm) end bearing depth is maintained
over the entire length of the extension. The S TYPE extension is so designated because of its Simple nature whereas
the R TYPE involves Reinforcing the top chord angles. The
specifying professional should be aware that an S TYPE
is more economical and should be specified whenever possible.
applicable for uniform loads only. If there are concentrated

loads and/or non-uniform loads, a loading diagram must be
provided by the specifying professional on the structural
drawings. In cases where it is not possible to meet specific
job requirements with a 2 1/2 in. (64 mm) deep R type
extension (refer to S and I values in the Extended End
Load Table), the depth of the extension must be increased to
provide greater load-carrying capacity. If the loading diagram for any condition is not shown, the joist manufacturer
will design the extension to support the uniform load indicated in the K-Series Joist Load Table for the span of the
joist.
The following load tables for K-Series TOP CHORD EXTENSIONS and EXTENDED ENDS for LRFD and ASD methods
of design and listed in U.S. Customary and Metric units,
have been developed as an aid to the specifying professional. The black number in the tables is the maximum
allowable uniform load in pounds per linear foot
(kiloNewton/Meter). The red number is the uniform load
which will produce an approximate deflection of L1/240,
where L1 is the length of the extension. The load tables are
When TOP CHORD EXTENSIONS or EXTENDED ENDS are

specified, the allowable deflection and the bracing requirements must be considered by the specifying professional.
EXTENDED END
TOP CHORD EXTENSION
SPAN
W
L1
It should be noted that an R TYPE extension must be specified when building details dictate a 2 1/2 in., (64 mm) depth at
the end of the extension. In the absence of specific instructions, the joist manufacturer may provide either type.
(64 mm)
2"
TOP CHORD EXTENSION - S TYPE

(only top chord angles extended)
W
L1
SPAN
SPAN
W
L1
(64 mm)
2"
EXTENDED END - R TYPE

(standard 2 (64 mm) end depth extended)
= Uniform Load
= Length of Extension
= See K-Series Load Table for definition of Span
133
APPENDIX B
LRFD
TOP CHORD EXTENSION LOAD TABLE (S TYPE)
TYPE
S1
"S"
(in. 3 )
0.099
"I"
(in. 4 )
0.088
S2
0.127
0.138
S3
0.144
0.156
S4
0.160
0.172
S5
0.176
0.188
S6
0.192
0.204
S7
0.241
0.306
S8
0.266
0.332
S9
0.288
0.358
S10
0.380
0.544
S11
0.438
0.622
S12
0.494
0.696
0'-6"
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
1'-0"
544
363
700
422
793
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
1'-6"
267
127
343
200
388
226
432
249
474
272
517
295
649
443
717
481
777
519
825
550
825
550
825
550
2'-0"
157
58
202
91
229
104
255
113
280
124
306
134
384
201
424
219
459
236
606
359
699
410
789
459
LENGTH (L1)
2'-6"
3'-0"
3'-6"
4'-0"
4'-6"
168
60
184
66
202
72
253
108
280
117
303
126
400
192
460
220
520
246
180
64
198
70
214
75
283
115
327
131
369
147
160
48
211
74
243
84
274
94
163
50
189
57
213
64
150
41
169
45
LRFD
TOP CHORD EXTENSION LOAD TABLE (R TYPE)
134
TYPE
R1
"S"
(in. 3)
0.895
"I"
(in.4)
1.119
R2
0.923
1.157
R3
1.039
1.299
R4
1.147
1.433
R5
1.249
1.561
R6
1.352
1.690
R7
1.422
1.802
R8
1.558
1.948
R9
1.673
2.091
R10
1.931
2.414
R11
2.183
2.729
R12
2.413
3.016
0'-6"
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
1'-0"
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
1'-6"
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
2'-0"
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
2'-6"
825
396
825
409
825
459
825
507
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
825
550
LENGTH (L1)
3'-0"
3'-6"
669
498
236
152
690
514
244
157
777
579
274
176
825
639
302
195
825
696
329
212
825
753
357
230
825
792
380
245
825
825
411
265
825
825
442
284
825
825
510
328
825
825
550
371
825
825
550
410
4'-0"
385
103
399
107
448
120
495
132
538
144
583
156
613
167
672
180
721
194
825
224
825
253
825
279
4'-6"
307
73
318
76
358
85
394
94
429
103
465
111
489
119
535
128
576
138
664
159
751
180
825
199
5'-0"
250
54
259
56
292
63
321
69
349
75
379
82
399
87
436
94
469
101
541
117
612
132
676
146
5'-6"
208
41
216
42
243
47
267
52
291
57
315
62
331
66
363
71
390
77
450
89
508
100
562
111
6'-0"
175
32
181
33
205
37
225
41
246
44
265
48
279
51
306
55
328
59
379
69
430
78
475
86
APPENDIX B
ASD
TYPE
S1
"S"
(in. 3 )
0.099
"I"
(in. 4 )
0.088
S2
0.127
0.138
S3
0.144
0.156
S4
0.160
0.172
S5
0.176
0.188
S6
0.192
0.204
S7
0.241
0.306
S8
0.266
0.332
S9
0.288
0.358
S10
0.380
0.544
S11
0.438
0.622
S12
0.494
0.696
0'-6"
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
1'-0"
363
363
467
422
529
510
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
1'-6"
178
127
229
200
259
226
288
249
316
272
345
295
433
433
478
481
518
518
550
550
550
550
550
550
2'-0"
105
58
135
91
153
104
170
113
187
124
204
134
256
201
283
219
306
236
404
359
466
410
526
459
LENGTH (L1)
2'-6"
3'-0"
3'-6"
4'-0"
4'-6"
112
60
123
66
135
72
169
108
187
117
202
126
267
192
307
220
347
246
120
64
132
70
143
75
189
115
218
131
246
147
107
48
141
74
162
84
183
94
109
50
126
57
142
64
100
41
113
45
ASD
TYPE
R1
"S"
(in. 3)
0.895
"I"
(in.4)
1.119
R2
0.923
1.157
R3
1.039
1.299
R4
1.147
1.433
R5
1.249
1.561
R6
1.352
1.690
R7
1.422
1.802
R8
1.558
1.948
R9
1.673
2.091
R10
1.931
2.414
R11
2.183
2.729
R12
2.413
3.016
0'-6"
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
1'-0"
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
1'-6"
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
2'-0"
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
2'-6"
550
396
550
409
550
459
550
507
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
LENGTH (L1)
3'-0"
3'-6"
446
332
236
152
460
343
244
157
518
386
274
176
550
426
302
195
550
464
329
212
550
502
357
230
550
528
380
245
550
550
411
265
550
550
442
284
550
550
510
328
550
550
550
371
550
550
550
410
4'-0"
257
103
266
107
299
120
330
132
359
144
389
156
409
167
448
180
481
194
550
224
550
253
550
279
4'-6"
205
73
212
76
239
85
263
94
286
103
310
111
326
119
357
128
384
138
443
159
501
180
550
199
5'-0"
167
54
173
56
195
63
214
69
233
75
253
82
266
87
291
94
313
101
361
117
408
132
451
146
5'-6"
139
41
144
42
162
47
178
52
194
57
210
62
221
66
242
71
260
77
300
89
339
100
375
111
6'-0"
117
32
121
33
137
37
150
41
164
44
177
48
186
51
204
55
219
59
253
69
287
78
317
86
135
APPENDIX B
LRFD
"S"
(mm 3 )
1622
"I"
(mm 4 )
36628
S2
2081
57340
S3
2359
64932
S4
2622
71592
S5
2884
78251
S6
3146
84911
S7
3949
127367
S8
4359
138188
S9
4719
149010
S10
6227
226430
S11
7177
258895
S12
8095
289697
TYPE
S1
152
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
305
7.94
5.42
10.19
8.02
11.55
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
457
3.89
1.85
5.00
2.91
5.66
3.30
6.30
3.63
6.99
3.96
7.55
4.30
9.47
6.46
10.46
7.01
11.325
7.57
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
LENGTH (L1) in Millimeters

610
762
914
1067
2.30
0.84
2.96
1.32
3.35
1.51
3.72
2.45
1.64
0.87
4.08
2.69
1.80
0.96
4.46
2.96
1.95
1.05
5.60
3.69
2.63
2.93
1.57
0.93
6.20
4.08
2.88
3.19
1.70
1.02
6.69
4.41
3.12
2.34
3.44
1.83
1.09
0.70
8.835
5.835
4.125
3.075
5.23
2.80
1.67
1.07
10.20
6.72
4.77
3.54
5.98
3.21
1.91
1.22
11.505
7.59
5.385
4.005
6.69
3.59
2.14
1.37
1219
1372
2.385
0.72
2.745
0.83
3.105
0.93
2.175
0.59
2.46
0.65
LRFD
136
TYPE
R1
"S"
(mm 3 )
14666
"I"
(mm 4 )
465762
R2
15174
R3
152
12.03
8.02
305
12.03
8.02
457
12.03
8.02
610
12.03
8.02

762
914
1067
1219
12.03
9.75
7.26
5.63
5.77
3.44
2.21
1.50
1372
4.49
1.06
1524
3.65
0.78
1676
3.03
0.59
1829
2.55
0.46
481579
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
5.96
10.10
3.56
7.53
2.29
5.82
1.56
4.64
1.10
3.78
0.81
3.15
0.61
2.66
0.48
17026
540684
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
6.69
11.34
3.99
8.45
2.56
6.54
1.75
5.21
1.24
4.25
0.91
3.53
0.68
2.97
0.53
R4
18796
596459
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
7.39
12.03
4.40
9.36
2.84
7.22
1.92
5.75
1.37
4.68
1.00
3.89
0.75
3.27
0.59
R5
20467
649763
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
4.80
10.16
3.09
7.85
2.10
6.26
1.50
5.10
1.09
4.25
0.83
3.59
0.64
R6
22155
703430
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
5.21
10.98
3.35
8.51
2.27
6.78
1.61
5.54
1.19
4.59
0.90
3.87
0.70
R7
23300
750048
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
5.54
11.55
3.57
8.94
2.43
7.13
1.73
5.82
1.26
4.83
0.96
4.07
0.74
R8
25531
810818
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
5.99
12.03
3.86
9.80
2.62
7.82
1.86
6.36
1.37
5.30
1.03
4.46
0.80
R9
27415
870339
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
6.45
12.03
4.14
10.52
2.83
8.40
2.01
6.84
1.47
5.69
1.12
4.79
0.86
R10
31643
1004782
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
7.44
12.03
4.76
12.03
3.26
9.69
2.32
7.89
1.70
6.56
1.29
5.54
1.00
R11
35773
1135894
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
5.41
12.03
3.69
10.97
2.62
8.93
1.92
7.41
1.45
6.27
1.13
R12
39542
1255353
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
8.02
12.03
5.98
12.03
4.07
12.03
2.90
9.87
2.13
8.21
1.61
6.93
1.25
APPENDIX B
ASD
"S"
(mm 3 )
1622
"I"
(mm 4 )
36628
S2
2081
57340
S3
2359
64932
S4
2622
71592
S5
2884
78251
S6
3146
84911
S7
3949
127367
S8
4359
138188
S9
4719
149010
S10
6227
226430
S11
7177
258895
S12
8095
289697
TYPE
S1
152
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
305
5.29
5.42
6.79
8.02
7.70
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
457
2.59
1.85
3.33
2.91
3.77
3.30
4.20
3.63
4.61
3.96
5.03
4.30
6.31
6.46
6.97
7.01
7.55
7.57
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02

610
762
914
1067
1.53
0.84
1.97
1.32
2.23
1.51
2.48
1.63
1.64
0.87
2.72
1.79
1.80
0.96
2.97
1.97
1.95
1.05
3.73
2.46
1.75
2.93
1.57
0.93
4.13
2.72
1.92
3.19
1.70
1.02
4.46
2.94
2.08
1.56
3.44
1.83
1.09
0.70
5.89
3.89
2.75
2.05
5.23
2.80
1.67
1.07
6.80
4.48
3.18
2.36
5.98
3.21
1.91
1.22
7.67
5.06
3.59
2.67
6.69
3.59
2.14
1.37
1219
1372
1.59
0.72
1.83
0.83
2.07
0.93
1.45
0.59
1.64
0.65
ASD
152
8.02
8.02
305
8.02
8.02
457
8.02
8.02
610
8.02
8.02

762
914
1067
1219
8.02
6.50
4.84
3.75
5.77
3.44
2.21
1.50
1372
2.99
1.06
1524
2.43
0.78
1676
2.02
0.59
1829
1.70
0.46
481579
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
5.96
6.73
3.56
5.02
2.29
3.88
1.56
3.09
1.10
2.52
0.81
2.10
0.61
1.77
0.48
17026
540684
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
6.69
7.56
3.99
5.63
2.56
4.36
1.75
3.47
1.24
2.83
0.91
2.35
0.68
1.98
0.53
R4
18796
596459
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
7.39
8.02
4.40
6.24
2.84
4.81
1.92
3.83
1.37
3.12
1.00
2.59
0.75
2.18
0.59
R5
20467
649763
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
4.80
6.77
3.09
5.23
2.10
4.17
1.50
3.40
1.09
2.83
0.83
2.39
0.64
R6
22155
703430
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
5.21
7.32
3.35
5.67
2.27
4.52
1.61
3.69
1.19
3.06
0.90
2.58
0.70
R7
23300
750048
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
5.54
7.70
3.57
5.96
2.43
4.75
1.73
3.88
1.26
3.22
0.96
2.71
0.74
R8
25531
810818
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
5.99
8.02
3.86
6.53
2.62
5.21
1.86
4.24
1.37
3.53
1.03
2.97
0.80
R9
27415
870339
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
6.45
8.02
4.14
7.01
2.83
5.60
2.01
4.56
1.47
3.79
1.12
3.19
0.86
R10
31643
1004782
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
7.44
8.02
4.78
8.02
3.26
6.46
2.32
5.26
1.70
4.37
1.29
3.69
1.00
R11
35773
1135894
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
5.41
8.02
3.69
7.31
2.62
5.95
1.92
4.94
1.45
4.18
1.13
R12
39542
1255353
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
8.02
5.98
8.02
4.07
8.02
2.90
6.58
2.13
5.47
1.61
4.62
1.25
TYPE
R1
"S"
(mm 3 )
14666
"I"
(mm 4 )
465762
R2
15174
R3
137
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX C - ECONOMY TABLES
K-SERIES
The tables on the following pages are provided as an aid to
the designer in selecting the most economical K-Series
Joists for the loads and spans required. Although considerable care has been taken in developing this chart, it must be
realized that each joist manufacturer has their own unique
cost; consequently, the Steel Joist Institute cannot guarantee
the accuracy of this Table.
LRFD EXAMPLE:
The K-Series Joists are arranged in accordance with their

weight per foot; where two or more joists weigh the same,
they are arranged according to their depth.
Load factors per ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for

Buildings and Other Structures
To utilize these tables, determine the span (ft) and load (plf)
required; go to the required span in the left hand column,
then read across until a load equal to or greater than the
required load is reached. The first joist that satisfies this
loading is the most economical joist for those conditions. If
this joist is too deep or too shallow, or does not satisfy the
deflection limitations, continue on horizontally to the right
until a joist is found that satisfies the depth requirements as
well as the load and deflection requirements.
Factored DL = 48 x 1.2 = 58 psf (includes joist weight)

Factored LL = 100 x 1.6 = 160 psf
Factored TL = 218 psf
ASD EXAMPLE:
Floor joists @ 2'-6" on center, supporting a structural concrete slab. (Section 5.9 of the K-Series Specifications limits
the deflection due to the design live load to 1/360 of the
span).
Span = 30'- 0"
Maximum joist depth allowed = 20"
DL = 48 psf (includes joist weight)
LL = 100 psf
TL = 148 psf
WTL = 148 x 2.5 = 370 plf
WLL = 100 x 2.5 = 250 plf
A 22K6 at a span of 30 feet can carry 371 plf of Total Load
and possesses a Live Load deflection figure of 266 plf.
However, it exceeds the maximum depth limitation of 20
inches. A 20K7 fulfills the Total Load requirement but possesses a Live Load deflection figure of only 242 plf. It is then
found that a 20K9 is the most economical joist that satisfies
all the requirements of Total Load, Live Load deflection, and
maximum depth limitation.
table, the row of bridging nearest the midspan shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at chords and
midspan.
138
Floor joists @ 2'-6" on center, supporting a structural concrete slab. (Section 5.9 of the K-Series Specifications limits
the deflection due to the design live load to 1/360 of the
span).
Span = 30'- 0"
Maximum joist depth allowed = 20"
Factored WTL = 218 x 2.5 = 545 plf

WLL = 100 x 2.5 = 250 plf
A 22K6 at a span of 30 feet can carry 566 plf of Factored
Total Load and possesses a Live Load deflection figure of
266 plf. However, it exceeds the maximum depth limitation
of 20 inches. A 20K7 fulfills the Factored Total Load requirement but possesses a Live Load deflection figure of only 242
plf. It is then found that a 20K9 is the most economical joist
that satisfies all the requirements of Factored Total Load,
Live Load deflection, and maximum depth limitation.
table, the row of bridging nearest the midspan shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at chords and
midspan.
APPENDIX C
LRFD
ECONOMY TABLE FOR OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs/ft.)
Span (ft.)
10K1
12K1
8K1
14K1
10
5.0
12
5.0
8
5.1
14
5.2
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
825
550
825
542
825
455
718
363
618
289
537
234
469
192
415
159
369
134
331
113
298
97
825
550
825
510
750
425
651
344
570
282
504
234
448
197
402
167
361
142
327
123
298
106
271
93
249
81
825
550
825
550
825
480
798
377
666
288
565
225
486
179
421
145
369
119
825
550
766
475
672
390
592
324
528
272
472
230
426
197
385
170
351
147
321
128
294
113
270
100
249
88
231
79
214
70
16K2
12K3
14K3
16K3
18K3
14K4
20K3
16K4
12K5
16
5.5
12
5.7
14
6.0
16
6.3
18
6.6
14
6.7
20
6.7
16
7.0
12
7.1
825
550
768
488
684
409
612
347
552
297
499
255
454
222
415
194
381
170
351
150
324
133
300
119
279
106
259
95
241
86
226
78
213
71
825
550
825
510
825
463
814
428
714
351
630
291
561
245
502
207
453
177
409
153
373
132
340
116
312
101
825
550
825
507
825
467
742
404
661
339
592
287
534
246
483
212
439
184
402
160
367
141
339
124
313
110
289
98
270
88
825
550
825
526
762
456
682
386
615
330
556
285
505
247
462
216
424
189
390
167
360
148
334
132
310
118
289
106
270
96
252
87
237
79
825
550
771
494
694
423
630
364
573
316
523
276
480
242
441
214
408
190
378
169
351
151
327
136
304
123
285
111
267
101
252
92
237
84
223
77
211
70
825
550
825
507
825
467
825
443
795
397
712
336
642
287
582
248
529
215
483
188
442
165
408
145
376
129
349
115
324
103
775
517
702
453
639
393
583
344
535
302
493
266
456
236
421
211
391
189
243
170
227
153
212
138
199
126
187
114
176
105
166
96
157
88
148
81
141
74
133
69
127
64
825
550
825
526
825
490
820
452
739
386
670
333
609
289
556
252
510
221
469
195
433
173
402
155
373
138
232
124
216
112
203
101
190
92
825
550
825
510
825
463
825
434
825
396
825
366
760
317
681
269
613
230
555
198
505
172
462
150
423
132
18K4
16K5
20K4
18
7.2
16
7.5
20
7.6
825
550
825
523
825
490
759
426
690
370
630
323
577
284
532
250
492
222
454
198
423
177
394
159
367
144
343
130
322
118
303
108
285
98
268
90
253
82
550
550
550
526
825
490
825
455
825
426
754
373
687
323
627
282
576
248
529
219
489
194
453
173
421
155
391
139
366
126
342
114
321
103
825
550
825
520
771
461
703
402
645
353
594
312
549
277
508
247
472
221
439
199
411
179
384
162
360
147
339
134
318
122
300
112
283
103
268
95
255
87
241
81
229
75
139
APPENDIX C
LRFD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs/ft.)
Span (ft.)
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
140
14K6
14
7.7
825
550
825
507
825
467
825
443
825
408
825
383
787
347
712
299
648
259
592
226
543
199
501
175
462
156
427
139
397
124
18K5
22K4
16K6
20K5
24K4
18K6
16K7
22K5
20K6
18K7
22K6
20K7
24K5
22K7
24K6
18
7.7
22
8.0
16
8.1
20
8.2
24
8.4
18
8.5
16
8.6
22
8.8
20
8.9
18
9.0
22
9.2
20
9.3
24
9.3
22
9.7
24
9.7
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
777
414
709
362
651
318
600
281
553
249
513
222
477
199
444
179
414
161
387
146
363
132
342
121
321
110
303
101
286
92
825
548
777
491
712
431
657
381
606
338
561
301
522
270
486
242
453
219
424
198
397
180
373
164
352
149
331
137
313
126
297
116
280
107
267
98
253
91
241
85
229
79
219
73
208
68
825
550
825
526
825
490
825
455
825
426
822
405
747
351
682
307
627
269
576
238
532
211
493
188
459
168
427
151
399
137
373
124
349
112
825
550
825
520
825
490
793
451
727
396
669
350
618
310
573
277
532
248
495
223
462
201
433
182
406
165
254
150
358
137
339
126
319
115
303
106
286
98
271
90
258
84
780
516
718
456
663
405
615
361
571
323
531
290
496
262
465
237
435
215
273
196
257
179
363
164
343
150
324
138
307
128
292
118
277
109
264
101
252
94
240
88
229
82
219
76
208
71
199
67
192
63
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
825
438
774
393
709
345
652
305
603
271
558
241
519
216
483
194
451
175
421
158
396
144
248
131
233
120
330
110
312
101
825
550
825
526
825
490
825
455
825
426
825
406
825
385
760
339
697
298
642
263
592
233
549
208
510
186
475
167
444
151
415
137
388
124
825
548
825
518
804
483
739
427
682
379
633
337
588
302
547
272
511
245
478
222
448
201
421
183
397
167
373
153
354
141
334
130
316
119
300
110
285
102
271
95
259
88
247
82
235
76
825
550
825
520
825
490
825
468
792
430
729
380
673
337
624
301
579
269
540
242
504
218
471
198
442
179
415
163
391
149
369
137
348
125
330
115
312
106
297
98
282
91
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
825
438
825
418
789
382
727
337
672
299
622
267
577
239
538
215
502
194
469
175
441
159
414
145
390
132
367
121
348
111
825
548
825
518
825
495
805
464
744
411
688
367
640
328
597
295
556
266
520
241
489
219
459
199
432
182
408
167
385
153
364
141
345
130
327
120
310
111
295
103
282
96
268
89
256
83
825
550
825
520
825
490
825
468
825
448
811
421
750
373
694
333
645
298
601
268
561
242
525
219
492
199
463
181
435
165
411
151
388
139
367
128
348
118
330
109
313
101
825
544
810
511
748
453
693
404
643
362
600
325
559
293
523
266
490
241
462
220
435
201
409
184
387
169
366
155
346
143
328
132
312
122
297
114
283
106
270
98
258
92
246
86
235
80
225
75
216
70
825
548
825
518
825
495
825
474
825
454
768
406
712
364
664
327
619
295
580
267
544
242
511
221
481
202
454
185
429
169
406
156
384
144
364
133
346
123
330
114
313
106
300
99
286
92
825
544
825
520
814
493
754
439
700
393
652
354
609
319
570
289
535
262
502
239
472
218
445
200
421
183
399
169
378
156
358
144
340
133
324
124
309
115
294
107
280
100
268
93
256
87
246
82
235
77
APPENDIX C
LRFD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt
(lbs/ft.)
26K5
16K9
24K7
18K9
26K6
20K9
26K7
22K9
28K6
24K8
18K10
28K7
24K9
26K8
20K10
26
16
24
18
26
20
26
22
28
24
18
28
24
26
20
26K9
26
9.8
10
10.1
10.2
10.6
10.8
10.9
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.7
11.8
12
12.1
12.2
12.2
Span (ft.)
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
813
535
753
477
699
427
651
384
607
346
568
314
534
285
501
259
472
237
445
217
420
199
397
183
376
169
357
156
340
145
322
134
307
125
294
116
280
108
268
101
256
95
246
89
235
83
225
78
216
73
208
69
199
65
825
550
825
526
825
490
825
455
825
426
825
406
825
385
825
363
825
346
771
311
711
276
658
246
612
220
570
198
532
178
498
161
466
147
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
781
436
727
392
679
353
636
320
595
290
559
265
526
242
496
221
469
203
444
187
421
172
399
159
379
148
361
137
343
127
328
118
313
110
298
103
286
97
274
90
262
85
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
825
438
825
418
825
396
825
377
807
354
747
315
694
282
646
254
603
229
564
207
529
188
498
171
468
156
441
143
417
132
825
541
820
519
762
464
709
417
661
377
619
341
580
309
546
282
514
257
484
236
457
216
433
199
411
184
390
170
370
157
352
146
336
136
319
126
306
118
291
110
279
103
267
96
256
90
246
85
235
80
226
75
217
71
825
550
825
520
825
490
825
468
825
448
825
426
825
405
825
389
775
353
723
317
675
286
631
259
592
235
556
214
523
195
493
179
466
164
441
151
418
139
397
129
376
119
825
541
825
522
825
501
790
463
738
417
690
378
648
343
609
312
573
285
540
261
510
240
483
221
457
204
433
188
412
174
393
162
373
150
357
140
340
131
325
122
310
114
298
107
285
100
274
94
262
89
252
83
243
79
825
548
825
518
825
495
825
474
825
454
825
432
825
413
798
387
745
349
697
316
654
287
615
261
579
239
546
219
516
201
487
185
462
170
438
157
417
146
396
135
378
126
360
117
343
109
822
541
766
486
715
439
669
397
627
361
589
329
555
300
523
275
495
252
468
232
444
214
420
198
399
183
379
170
361
158
345
147
330
137
315
128
301
120
288
112
276
105
265
99
255
93
244
88
235
83
226
78
217
74
210
70
202
66
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
825
456
804
429
750
387
702
350
658
318
619
289
582
264
549
242
519
222
490
205
465
189
441
174
420
161
399
150
379
139
363
130
346
121
330
113
316
106
303
99
291
93
825
550
825
523
825
490
825
460
825
438
825
418
825
396
825
377
825
361
825
347
822
331
766
298
715
269
669
243
627
221
589
201
555
184
523
168
495
154
825
543
825
522
796
486
745
440
699
400
657
364
618
333
583
305
550
280
522
257
493
237
469
219
445
203
424
189
403
175
385
163
367
152
351
142
336
133
321
125
309
117
295
110
283
103
273
97
262
92
252
87
243
82
234
77
226
73
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
825
456
825
436
816
419
765
379
717
344
673
313
634
286
598
262
565
241
534
222
507
204
480
189
456
175
435
162
414
151
394
140
376
131
360
122
345
114
330
107
316
101
825
541
825
522
825
501
825
479
816
457
763
413
715
375
672
342
633
312
597
286
564
263
534
242
505
223
480
206
456
191
433
177
412
164
394
153
376
143
360
133
343
125
328
117
315
110
303
103
291
97
279
91
268
86
825
550
825
520
825
490
825
468
825
448
825
426
825
405
825
389
825
375
825
359
799
336
748
304
702
276
660
251
621
229
585
210
553
193
523
178
496
164
471
151
447
140
825
541
825
522
825
501
825
479
825
459
825
444
778
407
732
370
688
338
649
310
613
284
580
262
550
241
522
223
496
207
472
192
450
178
429
166
409
155
391
145
375
135
358
127
343
119
330
112
316
105
304
99
292
93
141
APPENDIX C
LRFD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs/ft.)
Span (ft.)
30K7
22K10
28K8
28K9
24K10
30K8
30K9
22K11
26K10
28K10
30K10
24K12
30K11
26K12
28K12
30K12
30
12.3
22
12.6
28
12.7
28
13
24
13.1
30
13.2
30
13.4
22
13.8
26
13.8
28
14.3
30
15
24
16
30
16.4
26
16.6
28
17.1
30
17.6
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
142
825
543
801
508
751
461
706
420
664
384
627
351
592
323
559
297
531
274
504
253
478
234
454
217
433
202
414
188
394
176
376
164
361
153
345
144
331
135
318
127
304
119
292
112
282
106
271
100
261
94
252
89
243
84
234
80
226
76
219
72
211
69
825
548
825
518
825
495
825
474
825
454
825
432
825
413
825
399
825
385
825
369
775
337
729
307
687
280
648
257
612
236
579
217
549
200
520
185
495
171
471
159
448
148
427
138
408
128
825
543
825
522
825
500
825
480
772
438
726
399
684
364
645
333
609
306
576
282
546
260
519
240
492
222
468
206
445
192
426
179
406
167
388
156
372
146
355
136
340
128
327
120
313
113
301
106
289
100
279
95
268
89
259
85
249
80
825
543
825
522
825
500
825
480
823
463
790
432
744
395
702
361
663
332
627
305
594
282
564
260
535
241
510
224
486
208
463
194
442
181
423
169
405
158
387
148
370
139
355
130
342
123
328
115
315
109
304
103
292
97
282
92
271
87
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
825
456
825
436
825
422
825
410
823
393
798
368
753
337
709
308
670
283
634
260
601
240
570
222
541
206
516
191
490
177
468
165
447
154
427
144
408
135
391
126
375
118
825
543
825
520
823
500
780
460
735
420
693
384
654
353
619
325
586
300
556
277
529
256
502
238
480
221
457
206
436
192
417
179
399
168
382
157
366
148
351
139
337
130
324
123
312
116
300
109
288
103
277
98
268
92
259
88
250
83
241
79
234
75
825
543
825
520
823
500
798
468
774
441
751
415
712
383
673
352
639
325
606
300
576
278
547
258
522
240
498
223
475
208
454
195
435
182
415
171
399
160
382
150
367
141
352
133
339
126
327
119
313
112
303
106
292
100
282
95
271
90
262
86
253
81
825
548
825
518
825
495
825
474
825
454
825
432
825
413
825
399
825
385
825
369
823
355
798
334
774
314
741
292
700
269
663
247
628
228
595
211
565
195
538
181
513
168
489
157
466
146
825
541
825
522
825
501
825
479
825
459
825
444
823
431
798
404
774
378
751
356
729
334
690
308
654
284
619
262
589
243
561
225
534
210
508
195
486
182
465
170
444
159
426
149
408
140
391
131
375
124
361
116
346
110
825
543
825
522
825
500
825
480
823
463
798
435
774
410
751
389
730
366
711
344
691
325
670
306
636
284
606
263
576
245
550
228
525
212
501
198
480
186
459
174
441
163
423
153
405
144
390
136
375
128
360
121
348
114
334
108
322
102
825
543
825
520
823
500
798
468
774
441
751
415
730
392
711
374
691
353
673
333
657
315
640
300
619
282
591
263
564
245
538
229
516
214
493
201
472
188
454
177
436
166
418
157
402
148
387
140
373
132
360
125
346
118
334
112
322
106
312
101
301
96
825
544
825
520
825
499
825
479
825
456
825
436
825
422
825
410
823
393
798
368
774
344
751
324
730
306
711
290
691
275
673
261
657
247
640
235
625
224
609
213
580
199
555
185
531
174
508
163
487
153
825
543
825
520
823
500
798
468
774
441
751
415
730
392
711
374
691
353
673
333
657
315
640
300
625
284
610
270
597
258
583
246
570
236
558
226
543
215
520
202
499
190
480
179
462
169
444
159
427
150
412
142
397
135
384
128
370
121
358
115
346
109
825
541
825
522
825
501
825
479
825
459
825
444
823
431
798
404
774
378
751
356
730
334
711
315
691
299
673
283
657
269
640
256
625
244
610
232
597
222
583
212
570
203
553
192
529
180
508
169
487
159
469
150
451
142
825
543
825
522
825
500
825
480
823
463
798
435
774
410
751
389
730
366
711
344
691
325
673
308
657
291
640
277
625
264
610
252
597
240
583
229
570
219
558
210
547
201
535
193
525
185
507
175
487
165
469
156
451
147
435
139
420
132
825
543
825
520
823
500
798
468
774
441
751
415
730
392
711
374
691
353
673
333
657
315
640
300
625
284
610
270
597
258
583
246
570
236
558
226
547
216
535
207
525
199
514
192
504
184
495
177
486
170
468
161
451
153
435
145
420
137
406
130
393
124
APPENDIX C
ASD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs/ft.)
Span (ft.)
10K1
12K1
8K1
14K1
16K2
12K3
14K3
16K3
18K3
14K4
20K3
16K4
12K5
18K4
16K5
10
12
14
16
12
14
16
18
14
20
16
12
18
16
20
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.5
5.7
6.0
6.3
6.6
6.7
6.7
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.5
7.6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
550
550
550
542
550
455
479
363
412
289
358
234
313
192
277
159
246
134
221
113
199
97
550
550
550
510
500
425
434
344
380
282
336
234
299
197
268
167
241
142
218
123
199
106
181
93
166
81
550
550
550
550
550
480
532
377
444
288
377
225
324
179
281
145
246
119
550
550
511
475
448
390
395
324
352
272
315
230
284
197
257
170
234
147
214
128
196
113
180
100
166
88
154
79
143
70
550
550
512
488
456
409
408
347
368
297
333
255
303
222
277
194
254
170
234
150
216
133
200
119
186
106
173
95
161
86
151
78
142
71
550
550
550
510
550
463
543
428
476
351
420
291
374
245
335
207
302
177
273
153
249
132
227
116
208
101
550
550
550
507
550
467
495
404
441
339
395
287
356
246
322
212
293
184
268
160
245
141
226
124
209
110
193
98
180
88
550
550
550
526
508
456
455
386
410
330
371
285
337
247
308
216
283
189
260
167
240
148
223
132
207
118
193
106
180
96
168
87
158
79
550
550
514
494
463
423
420
364
382
316
349
276
320
242
294
214
272
190
252
169
234
151
218
136
203
123
190
111
178
101
168
92
158
84
149
77
141
70
550
550
550
507
550
467
550
443
530
397
475
336
428
287
388
248
353
215
322
188
295
165
272
145
251
129
233
115
216
103
517
517
468
453
426
393
389
344
357
302
329
266
304
236
281
211
261
189
243
170
227
153
212
138
199
126
187
114
176
105
166
96
157
88
148
81
141
74
133
69
127
64
550
550
550
526
550
490
547
452
493
386
447
333
406
289
371
252
340
221
313
195
289
173
268
155
249
138
232
124
216
112
203
101
190
92
550
550
550
510
550
463
550
434
550
396
550
366
507
317
454
269
409
230
370
198
337
172
308
150
282
132
550
550
550
523
550
490
506
426
460
370
420
323
385
284
355
250
328
222
303
198
282
177
263
159
245
144
229
130
215
118
202
108
190
98
179
90
169
82
550
550
550
526
550
490
550
455
550
426
503
373
458
323
418
282
384
248
353
219
326
194
302
173
281
155
261
139
244
126
228
114
214
103
20K4
550
550
550
520
514
461
469
402
430
353
396
312
366
277
339
247
315
221
293
199
274
179
256
162
240
147
226
134
212
122
200
112
189
103
179
95
170
87
161
81
153
75
143
APPENDIX C
ASD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs/ft.)
Span (ft.)
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
144
14K6
18K5
22K4
16K6
20K5
24K4
18K6
16K7
22K5
20K6
18K7
22K6
20K7
24K5
22K7
14
18
22
16
20
24
18
16
22
20
18
22
20
24
22
24
7.7
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.2
9.3
9.3
9.7
9.7
550
550
550
507
550
467
550
443
550
408
550
383
525
347
475
299
432
259
395
226
362
199
334
175
308
156
285
139
265
124
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
518
414
473
362
434
318
400
281
369
249
342
222
318
199
296
179
276
161
258
146
242
132
228
121
214
110
202
101
191
92
550
548
518
491
475
431
438
381
404
338
374
301
348
270
324
242
302
219
283
198
265
180
249
164
235
149
221
137
209
126
198
116
187
107
178
98
169
91
161
85
153
79
146
73
139
68
550
550
550
526
550
490
550
455
550
426
548
405
498
351
455
307
418
269
384
238
355
211
329
188
306
168
285
151
266
137
249
124
233
112
550
550
550
520
550
490
529
451
485
396
446
350
412
310
382
277
355
248
330
223
308
201
289
182
271
165
254
150
239
137
226
126
213
115
202
106
191
98
181
90
172
84
520
516
479
456
442
405
410
361
381
323
354
290
331
262
310
237
290
215
273
196
257
179
242
164
229
150
216
138
205
128
195
118
185
109
176
101
168
94
160
88
153
82
146
76
139
71
133
67
128
63
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
550
438
516
393
473
345
435
305
402
271
372
241
346
216
322
194
301
175
281
158
264
144
248
131
233
120
220
110
208
101
550
550
550
526
550
490
550
455
550
426
550
406
550
385
507
339
465
298
428
263
395
233
366
208
340
186
317
167
296
151
277
137
259
124
550
548
550
518
536
483
493
427
455
379
422
337
392
302
365
272
341
245
319
222
299
201
281
183
265
167
249
153
236
141
223
130
211
119
200
110
190
102
181
95
173
88
165
82
157
76
550
550
550
520
550
490
550
468
528
430
486
380
449
337
416
301
386
269
360
242
336
218
314
198
295
179
277
163
261
149
246
137
232
125
220
115
208
106
198
98
188
91
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
550
438
550
418
526
382
485
337
448
299
415
267
385
239
359
215
335
194
313
175
294
159
276
145
260
132
245
121
232
111
550
548
550
518
550
495
537
464
496
411
459
367
427
328
398
295
371
266
347
241
326
219
306
199
288
182
272
167
257
153
243
141
230
130
218
120
207
111
197
103
188
96
179
89
171
83
550
550
550
520
550
490
550
468
550
448
541
421
500
373
463
333
430
298
401
268
374
242
350
219
328
199
309
181
290
165
274
151
259
139
245
128
232
118
220
109
209
101
550
544
540
511
499
453
462
404
429
362
400
325
373
293
349
266
327
241
308
220
290
201
273
184
258
169
244
155
231
143
219
132
208
122
198
114
189
106
180
98
172
92
164
86
157
80
150
75
144
70
550
548
550
518
550
495
550
474
550
454
512
406
475
364
443
327
413
295
387
267
363
242
341
221
321
202
303
185
286
169
271
156
256
144
243
133
231
123
220
114
209
106
200
99
191
92
24K6
550
544
550
520
543
493
503
439
467
393
435
354
406
319
380
289
357
262
335
239
315
218
297
200
281
183
266
169
252
156
239
144
227
133
216
124
206
115
196
107
187
100
179
93
171
87
164
82
157
77
APPENDIX C
ASD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt
(lbs/ft.)
Span (ft.)
26K5
16K9
24K7
18K9
26K6
20K9
26K7
22K9
28K6
24K8
18K10
28K7
24K9
26K8
20K10
26
16
24
18
26
20
26
22
28
24
18
28
24
26
20
26
9.8
10
10.1
10.2
10.6
10.8
10.9
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.7
11.8
12
12.1
12.2
12.2
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
542
535
502
477
466
427
434
384
405
346
379
314
356
285
334
259
315
237
297
217
280
199
265
183
251
169
238
156
227
145
215
134
205
125
196
116
187
108
179
101
171
95
164
89
157
83
150
78
144
73
139
69
133
65
550
550
550
526
550
490
550
455
550
426
550
406
550
385
550
363
550
346
514
311
474
276
439
246
408
220
380
198
355
178
332
161
311
147
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
521
436
485
392
453
353
424
320
397
290
373
265
351
242
331
221
313
203
296
187
281
172
266
159
253
148
241
137
229
127
219
118
209
110
199
103
191
97
183
90
175
85
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
550
438
550
418
550
396
550
377
538
354
498
315
463
282
431
254
402
229
376
207
353
188
332
171
312
156
294
143
278
132
550
541
547
519
508
464
473
417
441
377
413
341
387
309
364
282
343
257
323
236
305
216
289
199
274
184
260
170
247
157
235
146
224
136
213
126
204
118
194
110
186
103
178
96
171
90
164
85
157
80
151
75
145
71
550
550
550
520
550
490
550
468
550
448
550
426
550
405
550
389
517
353
482
317
450
286
421
259
395
235
371
214
349
195
329
179
311
164
294
151
279
139
265
129
251
119
550
541
550
522
550
501
527
463
492
417
460
378
432
343
406
312
382
285
360
261
340
240
322
221
305
204
289
188
275
174
262
162
249
150
238
140
227
131
217
122
207
114
199
107
190
100
183
94
175
89
168
83
162
79
550
548
550
518
550
495
550
474
550
454
550
432
550
413
532
387
497
349
465
316
436
287
410
261
386
239
364
219
344
201
325
185
308
170
292
157
278
146
264
135
252
126
240
117
229
109
548
541
511
486
477
439
446
397
418
361
393
329
370
300
349
275
330
252
312
232
296
214
280
198
266
183
253
170
241
158
230
147
220
137
210
128
201
120
192
112
184
105
177
99
170
93
163
88
157
83
151
78
145
74
140
70
135
66
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
550
456
536
429
500
387
468
350
439
318
413
289
388
264
366
242
346
222
327
205
310
189
294
174
280
161
266
150
253
139
242
130
231
121
220
113
211
106
202
99
194
93
550
550
550
523
550
490
550
460
550
438
550
418
550
396
550
377
550
361
550
347
548
331
511
298
477
269
446
243
418
221
393
201
370
184
349
168
330
154
550
543
550
522
531
486
497
440
466
400
438
364
412
333
389
305
367
280
348
257
329
237
313
219
297
203
283
189
269
175
257
163
245
152
234
142
224
133
214
125
206
117
197
110
189
103
182
97
175
92
168
87
162
82
156
77
151
73
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
550
456
550
436
544
419
510
379
478
344
449
313
423
286
399
262
377
241
356
222
338
204
320
189
304
175
290
162
276
151
263
140
251
131
240
122
230
114
220
107
211
101
550
541
550
522
550
501
550
479
544
457
509
413
477
375
448
342
422
312
398
286
376
263
356
242
337
223
320
206
304
191
289
177
275
164
263
153
251
143
240
133
229
125
219
117
210
110
202
103
194
97
186
91
179
86
550
550
550
520
550
490
550
468
550
448
550
426
550
405
550
389
550
375
550
359
533
336
499
304
468
276
440
251
414
229
390
210
369
193
349
178
331
164
314
151
298
140
26K9
550
541
550
522
550
501
550
479
550
459
550
444
519
407
488
370
459
338
433
310
409
284
387
262
367
241
348
223
331
207
315
192
300
178
286
166
273
155
261
145
250
135
239
127
229
119
220
112
211
105
203
99
195
93
145
APPENDIX C
ASD
Joist
Designation
Depth (In.)
Approx. Wt.
(lbs/ft.)
Span (ft.)
30K7
22K10
28K8
28K9
24K10
30K8
30K9
22K11
26K10
28K10
30K10
24K12
30K11
26K12
28K12
30K12
30
12.3
22
12.6
28
12.7
28
13
24
13.1
30
13.2
30
13.4
22
13.8
26
13.8
28
14.3
30
15
24
16
30
16.4
26
16.6
28
17.1
30
17.6
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
146
550
543
534
508
501
461
471
420
443
384
418
351
395
323
373
297
354
274
336
253
319
234
303
217
289
202
276
188
263
176
251
164
241
153
230
144
221
135
212
127
203
119
195
112
188
106
181
100
174
94
168
89
162
84
156
80
151
76
146
72
141
69
550
548
550
518
550
495
550
474
550
454
550
432
550
413
550
399
550
385
550
369
517
337
486
307
458
280
432
257
408
236
386
217
366
200
347
185
330
171
314
159
299
148
285
138
272
128
550
543
550
522
550
500
550
480
515
438
484
399
456
364
430
333
406
306
384
282
364
260
346
240
328
222
312
206
297
192
284
179
271
167
259
156
248
146
237
136
227
128
218
120
209
113
201
106
193
100
186
95
179
89
173
85
166
80
550
543
550
522
550
500
550
480
549
463
527
432
496
395
468
361
442
332
418
305
396
282
376
260
357
241
340
224
324
208
309
194
295
181
282
169
270
158
258
148
247
139
237
130
228
123
219
115
210
109
203
103
195
97
188
92
181
87
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
550
456
550
436
550
422
550
410
549
393
532
368
502
337
473
308
447
283
423
260
401
240
380
222
361
206
344
191
327
177
312
165
298
154
285
144
272
135
261
126
250
118
550
543
550
520
549
500
520
460
490
420
462
384
436
353
413
325
391
300
371
277
353
256
335
238
320
221
305
206
291
192
278
179
266
168
255
157
244
148
234
139
225
130
216
123
208
116
200
109
192
103
185
98
179
92
173
88
167
83
161
79
156
75
550
543
550
520
549
500
532
468
516
441
501
415
475
383
449
352
426
325
404
300
384
278
365
258
348
240
332
223
317
208
303
195
290
182
277
171
266
160
255
150
245
141
235
133
226
126
218
119
209
112
202
106
195
100
188
95
181
90
175
86
169
81
550
548
550
518
550
495
550
474
550
454
550
432
550
413
550
399
550
385
550
369
549
355
532
334
516
314
494
292
467
269
442
247
419
228
397
211
377
195
359
181
342
168
326
157
311
146
550
541
550
522
550
501
550
479
550
459
550
444
549
431
532
404
516
378
501
356
486
334
460
308
436
284
413
262
393
243
374
225
356
210
339
195
324
182
310
170
296
159
284
149
272
140
261
131
250
124
241
116
231
110
550
543
550
522
550
500
550
480
549
463
532
435
516
410
501
389
487
366
474
344
461
325
447
306
424
284
404
263
384
245
367
228
350
212
334
198
320
186
306
174
294
163
282
153
270
144
260
136
250
128
240
121
232
114
223
108
215
102
550
543
550
520
549
500
532
468
516
441
501
415
487
392
474
374
461
353
449
333
438
315
427
300
413
282
394
263
376
245
359
229
344
214
329
201
315
188
303
177
291
166
279
157
268
148
258
140
249
132
240
125
231
118
223
112
215
106
208
101
201
96
550
544
550
520
550
499
550
479
550
456
550
436
550
422
550
410
549
393
532
368
516
344
501
324
487
306
474
290
461
275
449
261
438
247
427
235
417
224
406
213
387
199
370
185
354
174
339
163
325
153
550
543
550
520
549
500
532
468
516
441
501
415
487
392
474
374
461
353
449
333
438
315
427
300
417
284
407
270
398
258
389
246
380
236
372
226
362
215
347
202
333
190
320
179
308
169
296
159
285
150
275
142
265
135
256
128
247
121
239
115
231
109
550
541
550
522
550
501
550
479
550
459
550
444
549
431
532
404
516
378
501
356
487
334
474
315
461
299
449
283
438
269
427
256
417
244
407
232
398
222
389
212
380
203
369
192
353
180
339
169
325
159
313
150
301
142
550
543
550
522
550
500
550
480
549
463
532
435
516
410
501
389
487
366
474
344
461
325
449
308
438
291
427
277
417
264
407
252
398
240
389
229
380
219
372
210
365
201
357
193
350
185
338
175
325
165
313
156
301
147
290
139
280
132
550
543
550
520
549
500
532
468
516
441
501
415
487
392
474
374
461
353
449
333
438
315
427
300
417
284
407
270
398
258
389
246
380
236
372
226
365
216
357
207
350
199
343
192
336
184
330
177
324
170
312
161
301
153
290
145
280
137
271
130
262
124
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX D - FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS
WITH STEEL JOISTS
The Underwriters Laboratories (U.L.) Fire Resistance
Directory lists hundreds of assemblies and their fire resistance ratings. The Specifying Professional can choose
between numerous Floor-Ceiling and Roof-Ceiling assemblies that include steel joists and Joist Girders.
As a convenience, a selected number of assemblies are listed on the following pages. In addition, the Steel Joist
Institutes Technical Digest #10 Design of Fire Resistive
Assemblies with Steel Joists has a complete listing of steel
joist assemblies and additional information about fire ratings.
However, the listing that follows and the Technical Digest are
intended as a guide only, and the Specifying Professional
must refer to the current U.L. Fire Resistance Directory for
complete design requirements.
Hundreds of fire tests on steel joist-supported assemblies
have been conducted at nationally recognized testing laboratories in accordance with ASTM Standard E119, ANSI
A2.1/UL 263, and NFPA 251. Because of practical loading
restrictions and limitations of furnace dimensions, the vast
majority of these tests were run using lightweight joists
normally from 8 inches to 14 inches (203 mm to 356 mm)
deep. This practice was advantageous in that it established
the minimum acceptable joists at the shallow and lightweight end of the joist load tables. This also resulted in a
specified minimum joist designation being listed in the U.L.
Fire Resistance Assembly, which is the joist that combines
the required minimum depth and minimum weight per foot.
Joists of the same series which equal or exceed the specified minimum joist depth and joist weight per foot may be
used provided the accessories are compatible. The dimension from the bottom chord of the joists to the ceiling,
whether given or calculated, is a minimum.
Where a U.L. Fire Resistance Assembly is being utilized, the
Specifying Professional shall indicate the assembly number
being used on the structural contract drawings. In addition,
the Specifying Professional shall consider the following, as
applicable:
Note that the maximum joist spacing shown for FloorCeiling Assemblies may be increased from the spacing
listed in the U.L. Fire Resistance Directory to a maximum of 48 inches on center, provided the floor slab
meets the structural requirements and the spacing of
hanger wires supporting the ceiling is not increased.
Some assemblies stipulate an allowable maximum joist
design stress level less than the 30 ksi (207 MPa) used
in the joist and Joist Girder Specifications. It is the
responsibility of the Specifying Professional to apply the
proper stress level reductions (when applicable) when
selecting joists and/or Joist Girders. This is accomplished by prorating the joist and/or Joist Girder capacities. To adjust the stress level of joists or Joist Girders,
multiply the design load by the ratio of the joist design
stress to the required maximum [e.g. 30/26 (207/179),
30/24 (207/165), 30/22 (207/152)], and then using this
increased load, select a joist or Joist Girder from the
load and/or weight tables.
Some U.L. Roof-Ceiling Assemblies using direct applied
protection limit the spacing of the joists for certain types
and gages of metal decking refer to the U.L. Fire
Resistance Directory for this information.
Where fire protective materials are to be applied directly to the steel joists or Joist Girders, it is often desired to
have the joist furnished as unpainted. The Specifying
Professional should indicate on the structural contract
drawings if the joists or Joist Girders are to be painted
or not.
Certain older U.L. fire rated assemblies may refer to joist
series that predate the K-Series joists. Where one of
these assemblies is selected, refer to the U.L Fire
Resistance Directory for special provisions for substituting a K-Series joist in lieu of an S-, J-, and/or H-Series
joist.
Joist designations specified on the structural contract

drawings shall not be less than the minimum size for
that assembly. The assembly may also require a minimum bridging size that may be larger than required by
the SJI Specifications for the particular designation and
joist spacing.
Some assemblies stipulate minimum size materials or
minimum cross sectional areas for individual joist and
Joist Girder components. It is the responsibility of the
Specifying Professional to show all special requirements
on the contract drawings.
147
APPENDIX D
FLOOR CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
Restrained
Assembly
Rating
1 Hr.
Concrete
Minimum
Type
Thickness (in.)
Protection
Material
Minimum Joist
Size
Acoustical
12K1, 18LH02
2.5
10K1
2.5
10K1
Exposed Grid
Gypsum Board
10K1
2.5
10K1
2.5
12K1, 18LH02
Gypsum Board
72
20G@14plf *
W6 x 12
G205
72
W6 x 12
G208
72
20G@14plf *
W6 x 12
G256
48
W8 x 24
G548
20G@13plf
W8 x 15
D216
NL
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
10K1
2.5
72
10K1
72
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
10K1
2.5
10K1
D219
D219
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
D502
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
G203
20G@14plf *
W6 x 12
G205
W6 x 12
G208
G213
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 31
G228
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 24
G229
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
G243
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 31
G268
12K1
NS
G502
20G@13plf
W8 x 15
D216
NW
NW
24 (48)
LW, NW
12K1, 18LH02
2.5
Gypsum Board
NL
2.25
8K1
2.5
NW
10K1
D219
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
D502
24 (48)
W6 x 25
G023
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 20
G031
30 (48)
20G@13plf
W10 x 21
G036
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
G203
20G@14plf *
W6 x 12
G205
NW
10K1
2 Hr.
Exposed Grid
D216
20G@13plf
W8 x 15
NW
Acoustical
Concealed Grid
NW
2.5
Gypsum Board
Exposed Grid
NW
UL Design
Number
NL
LW, NW
Acoustical
1 1/2 Hr.
LW, NW
Minimum
Maximum Joist
Primary Support
Spacing (in.)
Member
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
10K1
2.5
72
10K1
2.5
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
W8 x 31
G227
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 31
G228
NW
72
W6 x 12
G208
G213
(Continued Next Page)
148
APPENDIX D
FLOOR CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
Restrained
Assembly
Rating
Protection
Material
Minimum Joist
Size
Concrete
Minimum
Type
Thickness (in.)
10K1
2.5
10K1
2.5
Minimum
Maximum Joist
Spacing (in.) Primary Support
Member
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 24
G229
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
G243
20G@14plf *
W6 x 12
G256
NW
Exposed Grid
10K1
2.5
72
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 31
G268
10K1
24 (48)
NS
G505
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
20G@14plf *
W8 x 31
G514
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W10 x 21
G523
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 24
G529
10K1
2.5
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W10 x 21
G547
12K1, 18LH02
3.25
NL
20G@13plf
W8 x 15
10K1
3.5
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 20
G033
20G@13plf
W10 x 21
G036
20G@14plf *
W6 x 12
G205
2 Hr.
Gypsum Board
Acoustical
Concealed Grid
LW, NW
D216
D219
10K1
3.25
30 (48)
10K1
3.5
48
10K1
3.5
24 (48)
W6 x 12
G213
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 24
G229
20G@14plf *
W6 x 12
G256
3.25
Exposed Grid
NW
10K1
3.5
48
2.63
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 31
G268
10K1
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W10 x 21
G523
10K1
2.75
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W8 x 24
G529
10K1
24 (48)
20G@13plf
W10 x 21
G547
10K1
(22 ksi max.)
Gypsum Board
NW
NW
10K1
3 Hr.
UL Design
Number
NW
* Special Area Requirements

NL = Not Listed
NS = Not Specified
149
APPENDIX D
FLOOR CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH SPRAY APPLIED FIRE RESISTIVE MATERIALS
Restrained
Assembly
Rating
Protection
Material
Minimum Joist
Size
NS
2.5
10K1
2.5
10K1
2.5
NS
3.25
LW
2.5
LW
3.5
NW
NS
LW, NW
10K1*
16K6*
16K6
1 Hr.
SAFRM
16K6*
16K6
2.5
LW, NW
LW
3.75
NW
2.5
16K6*
2.5
LW, NW
LW
3.75
NW
NS
2.5
10K1
2.5
2.5
3.25
LW
LW
NW
2.5
LW, NW
3.5
LW
4.5
NW
2.5
LW, NW
3.5
LW
4.5
NW
16K6
16K6*
16K6
16K6*
2.5
NS
2.5
16K6*
12K5
NL
W8 x 28
D780
D782
D925
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
G701
50.5
NS
G702
42
NS
G705
50.5
NS
G706
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
G708
42
W8 x 28
G709
42
20g@20plf
W8 x 24
G801
50.5
NS
G802
D759
NS
16K6*
D779
LW, NW
10K1
10K1*
SAFRM
LW
NW
NS
UL Design
Number
D759
2.5
Minimum
Maximum Joist
Primary Support
Spacing
Member
LW, NW
3.75
16K6*
12K1
1 1/2 Hr.
Concrete
Minimum
Type
Thickness (in.)
LW, NW
2.5
3.5
LW
4.5
NW
D779
NL
W8 x 28
D780
D782
D925
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
G701
50.5
NS
G702
42
NS
G705
50.5
NS
G706
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
G708
42
W8 x 28
G709
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 24
G801
50.5
NS
G802
150
APPENDIX D
FLOOR CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH SPRAY APPLIED FIRE RESISTIVE MATERIALS
Restrained
Assembly
Rating
Protection
Material
Minimum Joist
Size
NS
2.5
10K1
2.5
10K1
2.5
NS
10K1*
16K6*
16K6
2 Hr.
SAFRM
16K6*
16K6
2.5
LW, NW
LW
5.25
NW
2.5
LW,NW
LW
5.25
NW
LW, NW
2.5
4
LW
5.25
NW
NS
2.5
2.5
D779
NL
W8 x 28
D780
D782
D925
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
G701
50.5
NS
G702
42
NS
G705
50.5
NS
G706
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
G708
42
W8 x 28
G709
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 24
G801
50.5
NS
G802
D759
D779
LW, NW
10K1
2.5
NS
3.25
LW
4.19
LW
5.25
NW
NL
W8 x 28
D780
D782
D925
16K6*
NS
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
G701
16K6*
2.75
42
NS
G705
16K6*
2.75
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 28
G708
NS
2.75
42
W8 x 28
G709
42
20G@20plf
W8 x 24
G801
NL
W8 x 28
16K6*
SAFRM
NW
10K1
10K1*
4 Hr.
4.5
2.5
12K5
SAFRM
LW
LW
NS
UL Design
Number
D759
3.25
2.5
Minimum
Maximum Joist
Primary Support
Spacing
Member
LW, NW
3.25
16K6*
16K6*
3 Hr.
Concrete
Minimum
Type
Thickness (in.)
LW, NW
2.75
10K1
2.5
LW, NW
NS
3.25
LW
D779
D782

NL = Not Listed
NS = Not Specified
151
APPENDIX D
ROOF CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
Restrained
Assembly
Rating
Protection
Material
Exposed Grid
1 Hr.
Fiber Board
Gypsum Board
Minimum Joist
Size
Built Up Roof
Deck Material
Insulation
Description
Minimum
Maximum Joist
Primary Support
Spacing (in.)
Member
UL Design
Number
12K1
22 MSG Min.
84
W8 x 17
P201
10K1
26 MSG Min.
48
W6 x 12
P202
10K1
26 MSG Min.
48
20G@13plf
P211
72
20G@13plf
W8 x 17
P214
72
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
P225
Fiber Board
12K3
28 MSG Min.
12K1
26 MSG Min.
12K3
24 MSG Min.
Building Units
48
NS
P227
12K3
26 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
P230
12K1
26 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
48
20G@14plf *
W8 x 15
P231
12K3
24 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
72
W8 x 15
P235
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
20G@13plf
W8 x 15
P246
12K5
26 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
48
W6 x 12
P250
P251
12K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
W6 x 12
P254
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
W8 x 15
P255
10K1
24 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
NS
P259
12K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
P261
12K1
26 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
20G@14plf *
W8 x 15
P264
10K1
Metal Roof Deck

Panels
Batts and
Blankets
60
NS
P265
10K1
26 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
48
W6 x 16
P267
10K1
Metal Roof Deck

Panels
Batts and
Blankets
60
NS
P268
12K1
26 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
20G@14plf *
W8 x 15
P269
10K1
24 MSG Min.
NS
W6 x 16
P301
10K1
22 MSG Min.
48
NS
P302
10K1
22 MSG Min.
NS
W6 x 16
P303
12K3
26 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
60
W8 x 24
P509
12K3
24 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
20G@13plf
W8 x 13
P510
10K1
20 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
48
NS
P519
Fiber Board
152
APPENDIX D
ROOF CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
Restrained
Assembly
Rating
Protection
Material
Minimum Joist
Size
Built Up Roof
Deck Material
Insulation
Description
P225
48
NS
P227
P230
26 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
12K3
24 MSG Min.
Building Units
12K3
26 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
48
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
12K1
26 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
48
20G@14plf *
W8 x 24
P231
12K5
26 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
48
W6 x 12
P250
12K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
P251
10K1
24 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
NS
P259
10K1
Metal Roof Deck

Panels
Batts and
Blankets
60
NS
P265
10K1
20 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
48
NS
P266
10K1
Metal Roof Deck

Panels
Batts and
Blankets
60
NS
P268
12K1
26 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
20G@14plf *
W8 x 24
P269
Fiber Board
10K1
24 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
W6 x 16
P301
Metal Lath
12K5
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
NS
P404
Gypsum Board
12K3
24 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
20G@13plf
W8 x 13
P510
10K1
24 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
W6 x 12
P237
12K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
72
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
P251
10K1
20 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
48
NS
P266
Fiber Board
10K1
24 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
W6 x 16
P301
Metal Lath
12K5
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
72
NS
P404
72
20G@13plf
P514
48
NS
P519
66
NS
P520
48
NS
P405
1 1/2 Hr.
Exposed Grid
10K1
Gypsum Board
3 Hr.
UL Design
Number
20G@13plf
W6 x 12
12K1
Exposed Grid
2 Hr.
Minimum
Maximum Joist
Primary Support
Spacing (in.)
Member
Metal Lath
22 MSG Min.
20 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
14K1
26 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete

NL = Not Listed
NS = Not Specified
153
APPENDIX D
ROOF CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH SPRAY APPLIED FIRE RESISTIVE MATERIALS
Restrained
Assembly
Rating
Protection
Material
1 Hr.
SAFRM
Minimum Joist
Size
Built Up Roof
Deck Material
Insulation
Description
Minimum
Maximum Joist
Spacing (in.) Primary Support
Member
UL Design
Number
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Building Units
NS
NS
P822
12K3
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
W8 x 20
P824
SAFRM
12K5
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
96
W6 x 16
P919
SAFRM
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Building Units
NS
W6 x 16
P728
14K4
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
P701
14K4
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
P711
12K3
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P717
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 28
P725
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
P726
14K4
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
P734
14K4
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
P736
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P739
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
W6 x 16
P740
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P743
P801
1 Hr.
and
1-1/2 Hr.
1-1/2 Hr.
and
2 Hr.
1 Hr.,
1-1/2 Hr.
and
2 Hr.
SAFRM
12K3
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
P815
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
W6 x 16
P816
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P819
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P825
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P827
12K1
22 MSG Min.
Fiber Board
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 20
P828
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 10
P902
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
W8 x 10
P907
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 10
P908
154
APPENDIX D
ROOF CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH SPRAY APPLIED FIRE RESISTIVE MATERIALS
Restrained
Assembly
Rating
Protection
Material
Minimum Joist
Size
Built Up Roof
Deck Material
Insulation
Description
and
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
W8 x 10
P920
12K5
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 10
P921
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
W6 x 16
P922
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 10
P923
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 10
P925
12K5
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
W8 x 10
P926
14K4
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 10
P927
12K5
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 10
P928
12K3
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
20G@13plf
W8 x 10
P929
10K1
28 MSG Min.
Insulating
Concrete
NS
W6 x 16
P936
12K3
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P718
12K3
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
P720
12K3
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P729
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
20G@13plf
W6 x 16
P719
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P722
SAFRM
2 Hr.
2 Hr.
SAFRM
1 Hr.,
1-1/2 Hr.,
2 Hr.
UL Design
Number
10K1
1 Hr.,
1-1/2 Hr.
Minimum
Maximum Joist
Primary Support
Spacing (in.)
Member
SAFRM
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P723
and
10K1
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W8 x 28
P732
3 Hr.
10K1*,16K2
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P733
10K1*
22 MSG Min.
Foamed Plastic
NS
W6 x 16
P826

NS = Not Specified
155
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX E - OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS
FOR STEEL ERECTION
BAY LENGTH
DEFINITIONS
156
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
JOIST GIRDERS
STEEL BEAM
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
STEEL CHANNEL
STEEL COLUMN
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
STEEL COLUMN
STEEL TUBE
APPENDIX E
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
STEEL TUBE
MASONRY OR TILT-UP
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
MASONRY OR TILT-UP
MASONRY WITH PILASTER
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
MASONRY OR TILT-UP
MASONRY OR TILT-UP
BAY LENGTH
MASONRY WITH FACE BRICK
157
APPENDIX E
1926.751 DEFINITIONS
(Selected items only).
Anchored bridging means that the steel joist bridging is connected to a bridging terminus point.
Bolted diagonal bridging means diagonal bridging that is
bolted to a steel joist or joists.
Bridging clip means a device that is attached to the steel
joist to allow the bolting of the bridging to the steel joist.
Bridging terminus point means a wall, a beam, tandem joists
(with all bridging installed and a horizontal truss in the plane
of the top chord) or other element at an end or intermediate
point(s) of a line of bridging that provides an anchor point for
the steel joist bridging.
Column means a load-carrying vertical member that is part
of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do not
include posts.
Constructibility means the ability to erect structural steel
members in accordance with subpart R without having to
alter the over-all structural design.
Construction load (for joist erection) means any load other
than the weight of the employee(s), the joists and the bridging
bundle.
Erection bridging means the bolted diagonal bridging that is
required to be installed prior to releasing the hoisting cables
from the steel joists.
Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an
employee in a fall from a working level. A personal fall arrest
system consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline,
or suitable combination of these. The use of a body belt for
fall arrest is prohibited.
Project structural engineer means the registered, licensed
professional responsible for the design of structural steel
framing and whose seal appears on the structural contract
documents.
Qualified person (also defined in 1926.32) means one who,
by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training,
and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to
solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the
work, or the project.
Steel joist means an open web, secondary load-carrying
member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or less, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. This does
not include structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists.
Steel joist girder means an open web, primary load-carrying
member, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support
of floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel
trusses.
158
Structural steel means a steel member, or a member made

of a substitute material (such as, but not limited to, fiberglass, aluminum or composite members). These members
include, but are not limited to, steel joists, joist girders,
purlins, columns, beams, trusses, splices, seats, metal
decking, girts, and all bridging, and cold formed metal framing which is integrated with the structural steel framing of a
building.
1926.757 OPEN WEB

STEEL JOISTS
(a) General.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section,
where steel joists are used and columns are not framed in at
least two directions with solid web structural steel members,
a steel joist shall be field-bolted at the column to provide lateral stability to the column during erection. For the installation
of this joist:
(i) A vertical stabilizer plate shall be provided on each
column for steel joists. The plate shall be a minimum of 6 inch by 6 inch (152 mm by 152 mm) and
shall extend at least 3 inches (76 mm) below the
bottom chord of the joist with a 13 /16 inch (21 mm)
hole to provide an attachment point for guying or
plumbing cables.
(ii) The bottom chords of steel joists at columns shall
be stabilized to prevent rotation during erection.
(iii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until the seat
at each end of the steel joist is field-bolted, and
each end of the bottom chord is restrained by the
column stabilizer plate.
(2) Where constructibility does not allow a steel joist to be
installed at the column:
(i) an alternate means of stabilizing joists shall be
installed on both sides near the column and shall:
(A) provide stability equivalent to paragraph (a)(1)
of this section;
(B) be designed by a qualified person;
(C) be shop installed; and
(D) be included in the erection drawings.
(ii) hoisting cables shall not be released until the seat
at each end of the steel joist is field-bolted and
the joist is stabilized.
(3) Where steel joists at or near columns span 60 feet (18.3
m) or less, the joist shall be designed with sufficient strength
to allow one employee to release the hoisting cable without
the need for erection bridging.
(4) Where steel joists at or near columns span more than 60 feet
(18.3 m), the joists shall be set in tandem with all bridging
installed unless an alternative method of erection, which provides equivalent stability to the steel joist, is designed by a qualified person and is included in the site-specific erection plan.
APPENDIX E
(5) A steel joist or steel joist girder shall not be placed on any
support structure unless such structure is stabilized.
(6) When steel joist(s) are landed on a structure, they shall be
secured to prevent unintentional displacement prior to installation.
(8) Field-bolted joists.

(i)
Except for steel joists that have been pre-assembled into panels, connections of individual steel
joists to steel structures in bays of 40 feet (12.2 m)
or more shall be fabricated to allow for field bolting
during erection.
(ii) These connections shall be field-bolted unless

constructibility does not allow.
(9) Steel joists and steel joist girders shall not be used as
anchorage points for a fall arrest system unless written
approval to do so is obtained from a qualified person.
(10) A bridging terminus point shall be established before
bridging is installed. (See Appendix C to this subpart.)
(b) Attachment of steel joists and steel joist girders.
(1) Each end of K series steel joists shall be attached to the
support structure with a minimum of two 1/8 -inch (3 mm) fillet welds 1 inch (25 mm) long or with two 1/2 -inch (13 mm)
bolts, or the equivalent.
(2) Each end of LH and DLH series steel joists and steel
joist girders shall be attached to the support structure with a
minimum of two 1/4 -inch (6 mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51
mm) long, or with two 3/4 -inch (19 mm) bolts, or the equivalent.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section,
each steel joist shall be attached to the support structure, at
least at one end on both sides of the seat, immediately upon
placement in the final erection position and before additional joists are placed.
(4) Panels that have been pre-assembled from steel joists
with bridging shall be attached to the structure at each corner before the hoisting cables are released.
(c) Erection of steel joists.
(1) Both sides of the seat of one end of each steel joist that
requires bridging under Tables A and B shall be attached to
the support structure before hoisting cables are released.
(2) For joists over 60 feet, both ends of the joist shall be
attached as specified in paragraph (b) of this section and the
provisions of paragraph (d) of this section met before the
hoisting cables are released.
(3) On steel joists that do not require erection bridging under
Tables A and B, only one employee shall be allowed on the
joist until all bridging is installed and anchored.
(7) No modification that affects the strength of a steel joist or

steel joist girder shall be made without the approval of the
project structural engineer of record.
NOTE: TABLES A & B HAVE BEEN EDITED

TO CONFORM WITH STEEL JOIST
INSTITUTE BOLTED DIAGONAL
BRIDGING REQUIREMENTS. EDITED
ITEMS ARE SHOWN WITH A STRIKE
THROUGH NOTATION.
TABLE A. ERECTION BRIDGING FOR

SHORT SPAN JOISTS
Joist
Span
8L1 8K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
10K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
12K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
12K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
12K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
14K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
14K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
14K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
14K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
16K2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
16K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
16K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
16K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
16K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
16K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
16K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
18K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
18K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
18K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
18K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
20K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
20K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
20K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
20K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
20K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
20K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
22K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
22K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
22K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
22K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
22K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
22K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 NM
22K11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 NM
24K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
24K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
24K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
24K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
24K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
24K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
24K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
26K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
26K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
NM = diagonal bolted bridging not mandatory
for joists under 40 feet.
159
APPENDIX E
Joist
Span
26K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
26K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
26K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 44-0
26K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
26K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
28K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
28K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
28K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
28K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
28K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
28K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
30K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
30K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
30K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
30K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
30K11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
30K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
10KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
10KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
10KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
12KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
12KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
12KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
14KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
14KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
14KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
16KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
16KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
16KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
16KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
18KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
20KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
20KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
22KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
22KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
22KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
22KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
24KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
24KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
26KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
26KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
26KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
26KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
28KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
28KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
28KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
28KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
30KC53 30KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
30KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
30KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
160
TABLE A. ERECTION BRIDGING FOR

SHORT SPAN JOISTS (continued)
TABLE B. ERECTION BRIDGING FOR

LONG SPAN JOISTS
Joist
Span
18LH02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
18LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
18LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20LH02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
20LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
20LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
20LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
24LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
24LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
24LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
24LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
24LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
28LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
28LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 46-0
28LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 54-0
28LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 54-0
28LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
28LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
28LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
28LH12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
28LH13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
32LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 through 600
32LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 through 600
32LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 through 600
32LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
32LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
32LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
32LH12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
32LH13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
32LH14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
32LH15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
36LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 through 600
36LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 through 600
36LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 through 600
36LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
36LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
36LH12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
36LH13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
36LH14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
36LH15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600
APPENDIX E
(4) Employees shall not be allowed on steel joists where the
span of the steel joist is equal to or greater than the span
shown in Tables A and B except in accordance with
1926.757(d).
(6) When bolted diagonal erection bridging is required by this

section, the following shall apply:
(5) When permanent bridging terminus points cannot be

used during erection, additional temporary bridging terminus
points are required to provide stability. (See appendix C of
this subpart.)
(ii) The erection drawing shall be the exclusive indicator of the proper placement of this bridging;
(d) Erection bridging.

(1) Where the span of the steel joist is equal to or greater
than the span shown in Tables A and B, the following shall
apply:
(i) A row of bolted diagonal erection bridging shall
be installed near the midspan of the steel joist;
(i) The bridging shall be indicated on the erection

drawing;
(iii) Shop-installed bridging clips, or functional equivalents, shall be used where the bridging bolts to
the steel joists;
(iv) When two pieces of bridging are attached to the
steel joist by a common bolt, the nut that secures
the first piece of bridging shall not be removed
from the bolt for the attachment of the second;
and
(v) Bridging attachments shall not protrude above
the top chord of the steel joist.
(ii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until this

bolted diagonal erection bridging is installed and
anchored; and
(e) Landing and placing loads.
(iii) No more than one employee shall be allowed on

anchored.
(1) During the construction period, the employer placing a

load on steel joists shall ensure that the load is distributed
so as not to exceed the carrying capacity of any steel joist.
(2) Where the span of the steel joist is over 60 feet (18.3 m)
through 100 feet (30.5 m), the following shall apply:
(2) Except for paragraph (e)(4) of this section, no construction loads are allowed on the steel joists until all bridging is
installed and anchored and all joist-bearing ends are
attached.
(i) All rows of bridging shall be bolted diagonal bridging;

(ii) Two rows of bolted diagonal erection bridging
shall be installed near the third points of the steel
joist;
(iii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until this
bolted diagonal erection bridging is installed and
anchored; and
(3) The weight of a bundle of joist bridging shall not exceed

a total of 1,000 pounds (454 kg). A bundle of joist bridging
shall be placed on a minimum of three steel joists that are
secured at one end. The edge of the bridging bundle shall
be positioned within 1 foot (.30 m) of the secured end.
(iv) No more than two employees shall be allowed on

anchored.
(4) No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all

bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing
ends attached, unless all of the following conditions are met:
(3) Where the span of the steel joist is over 100 feet (30.5 m)
through 144 feet (43.9 m), the following shall apply:
(i) All rows of bridging shall be bolted diagonal bridging;
(i) The employer has first determined from a qualified person and documented in a site-specific
erection plan that the structure or portion of the
structure is capable of supporting the load;
(ii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until all

bridging is installed and anchored; and
(ii) The bundle of decking is placed on a minimum of

three steel joists;
(iii) No more than two employees shall be allowed on

these spans until all bridging is installed and
anchored.
(iii) The joists supporting the bundle of decking are

(4) For steel members spanning over 144 feet (43.9 m), the
erection methods used shall be in accordance with
1926.756.
(5) Where any steel joist specified in paragraphs (c)(2) and
(d)(1), (d)(2), and (d)(3) of this section is a bottom chord bearing joist, a row of bolted diagonal bridging shall be provided
near the support(s). This bridging shall be installed and
anchored before the hoisting cable(s) is released.
(iv) At least one row of bridging is installed and

anchored;
(v) The total weight of the bundle of decking does
not exceed 4,000 pounds (1816 kg); and
(vi) Placement of the bundle of decking shall be in
accordance with paragraph (e)(5) of this section.
(5) The edge of the construction load shall be placed within
1 foot (.30 m) of the bearing surface of the joist end.
161
APPENDIX E
ILLUSTRATIONS OF OSHA
BRIDGING
TERMINUS POINTS
(NON-MANDATORY)
Guidelines for Complying with OSHA Steel Erection Standard, Paragraph 1926.757(a)(10) and 1926.757(c)(5).
TYP
TYP
HORIZ. BRDG.
HORIZ. BRDG.
LAG WITH SHIELD

OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
TERMINUS AT WALL
LAG WITH SHIELD

OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
TERMINUS AT WALL
TYP
TYP
HORIZ. BRDG.
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
TERMINUS AT PANEL WALL
162
HORIZ. BRDG.
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
TERMINUS AT
STRUCTURAL SHAPE
APPENDIX E
TYP
TYP
BOLTED
CONNECTION
LAG WITH SHIELD

OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
TERMINUS AT STRUCTURAL
SHAPE WITH OPTIONAL
"X-BRIDGING"
BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING

TERMINUS AT WALL
TYP
TYP
BOLTED
CONNECTION
BOLTED
CONNECTION
LAG WITH SHIELD

OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR

TERMINUS AT WALL
LAG WITH SHIELD

OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR

TERMINUS AT WALL
163
APPENDIX E
TYP
JOISTS PAIR BRIDGING

TERMINUS POINT
HORIZONTAL TRUSS
WEBBING
TYP
JOISTS PAIR BRIDGING

TERMINUS POINT
LOOPED
AROUND
TOP CHORD
LOOPED
AROUND
TOP CHORD
INDEPENDENT
TEMP. GUY
CABLES
INDEPENDENT
TEMP. GUY
CABLES
HORIZ. BRDG.
POSITIVE
ANCHORAGE
POINT
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
TERMINUS POINT
SECURED BY TEMP.
GUY CABLES
164
POSITIVE
ANCHORAGE
POINT
DIAGONAL BRIDGING
TERMINUS POINT
SECURED BY TEMP.
GUY CABLES
BUSINESS UNITS
www.canamgroup.ws
www.canam.ws
www.canam.ws
www.canaminternational.ws
www.fabsouthllc.com
www.hambro.ws
www.structal.ws
www.structalbridges.ws
www.technyx.ws
PUBLICATIONS
CANAM LISTS
A selection of joist design documents is available as
downloadable PDFs at www.canam.ws, go to the
Documentation Center:
JOIST CATALOG
STEEL DECK
PURLINS AND GIRTS
Joist List
Joist Girder List
Bridging and Accessories List
Take-off Sheet
P R O VA
AP
EA
BUR U
CANADIAN
WELDING
165
CANAM PLANTS AND SALES OFFICES
Canam United States

www.canam.ws
Maryland
Head Office, Plant and Sale Office
AISC, SJI
4010 Clay Street, PO Box 285
21777-0285
Telephone: 301-874-5141
Toll-free: 1-800-638-4293
Fax: 301-874-5685
Florida
Plant and Sales Office
AISC, SJI, SDI
140 South Ellis Road
Jacksonville, Florida 32254
Telephone: 904-781-0898
Toll-free: 1-888-781-0898
Fax: 904-781-4090
Missouri
Plant and Sales Office AISC, SJI
2000 West Main Street
Washington, Missouri 63090-1008
Telephone: 636-239-6716
Fax: 636-239-1714
Washington
AISC, SJI, ICC
2002 Morgan Road
Sunnyside, Washington 98944
Telephone: 509-837-7008
Toll-free: 1-800-359-7308
Fax: 509-839-0383
SALES OFFICES
Massachusetts
50 Eastman Street
Easton, Massachusetts 02334-1245
Telephone: 508-238-4500
Fax: 508-238-8253
Missouri/Kansas
401 South West Ward Road,
Suite 210
Lees Summit, Missouri 64081
Telephone: 816-554-6900
Fax: 816-554-6901
Pennsylvania
1401 North Cedar Crest Boulevard,
Suite 50
Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104
Telephone: 610-432-1600
Fax: 610-432-6900
Washington
240 North West Gilman Boulevard,
Suite G
Issaquah, Washington 98027
Telephone: 425-392-2935
Fax: 425-392-3149
166
New Jersey
Plant and Sales Office SDI
14 Harmich Road
South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080
Telephone: 908-561-3484
Toll-free: 1-800-631-1215
Fax: 908-561-6772
Illinois
Plant and Sales Office SDI
9 Unytite Drive
Peru, Illinois 61354
Telephone: 815-224-9588
Fax: 815-224-9590
Florida
AISC, SJI, SDI
140 South Ellis Road
Jacksonville, Florida 32254
Telephone: 904-781-0898
Toll-free: 1-888-781-0898
Fax: 904-781-4090
Canam Canada
www.canam.ws
Canam Group
www.canamgroup.ws
Alberta
Plant and Sales Office BCS, SJI
323 - 53rd Avenue South East
Calgary, Alberta T2H 0N2
Telephone: 403-252-7591
Toll-free: 1-866-203-2001
Fax: 403-253-7708
Quebec
Head Office
11535, 1re Avenue, bureau 500
Saint-Georges (Qubec) G5Y 7H5
Telephone: 418-228-8031
Toll-free: 1-877-499-6049
Fax: 418-228-1750
British Columbia
Sales Office
95 Schooner Street
Coquitlam, British Columbia
V3K 7A8
Telephone: 403-252-7591
Toll-free: 1-866-203-2001
Fax: 604-523-2181
Administrative Center
270, chemin Du Tremblay
Boucherville (Qubec) J4B 5X9
Telephone: 450-641-4000
Toll-free: 1-866-506-4000
Fax: 450-641-4001
New Brunswick
Sales Office
95, rue Foundry
Heritage Court, Suite 417
Moncton, Nouveau-Brunswick
E1C 5H7
Telephone: 506-857-3164
Toll-free: 1-800-210-7833
Fax: 506-857-3253
Ontario
Plant and Sales Office BCS, SJI
1739 Drew Road
Mississauga, Ontario L5S 1J5
Telephone: 905-671-3460
Toll-free: 1-800-446-8897
Fax: 905-671-3924
Quebec
Management
11505, 1re Avenue, bureau 500
Saint-Georges (Qubec) G5Y 7X3
Telephone: 418-228-8031
Toll-free: 1-877-499-6049
Fax: 418-227-5424
www.structalstructure.ws
Sales Office, Canada
Qubec
270, chemin du Tremblay
Telephone: 450-641-4000
Toll-free: 1-866-506-4000
Fax: 450-641-4001
Sales Office, United States
Maryland
21777-0285
Telephone: 301-874-5141
Toll-free: 1-800-638-4293
Fax: 301-874-5075
Plant ISO 9001:2000, BCS, SJI,

AISC, ICCA
115, boulevard Canam Nord
Saint-Gdon-de-Beauce (Qubec)
G0M 1T0
Telephone: 418-582-3331
Toll-free: 1-888-849-5910
Fax: 418-582-3381
ISO 9001:2000, BCS, ICCA
200, boulevard Industriel
Telephone: 450-641-8770
Toll-free: 1-800-463-1582
Fax: 450-641-8769
Sales Office
270, chemin Du Tremblay
Telephone: 450-641-4000
Toll-free: 1-866-466-8769
Fax: 450-641-9585
CERTIFICATION:
AISC = American Institute of Steel Construction
CISC = Canadian Institute of Steel Construction
CWB = Canadian Welding Bureau
IAS =
International Accreditation Service
ICC =
International Code Council
ISO =
International Organization
for Standardization
SDI =
Steel Deck Institute
SJI =
Steel Joist Institute
MEP-C1Joist SJI S+S-1110_MEP-C1, C4 Joist SJI-USA 16/11/10 8:56 AM Page 1
U.S. Headquarters
Point of Rocks
21777-0285
Telephone: 301-874-5141
Toll-free: 1-800-638-4293
Fax: 301-874-5685
www.canam.ws
Printed in Canada 11/2010
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MEP-C1Joist SJI S+S-1110_MEP-C1, C4 Joist SJI-USA 16/11/10 8:57 AM Page 2

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:33 AM Page 2

Pages identified with a red tab

Pages identified with the black tab

Canam Corporate Information

Detailing with Open Web Steel Joists

Engineering with Open Web Steel Joists

Steel Joist Institute History and General Information

SJI KCS Series

SJI LH & DLH Series

SJI Joist Girders

Code of Standard Practice

Business Units, Addresses

Canam and Design, Red Dot Design, Murox,

Metric Load Tables are available

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 3

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 4

Point of Rocks, Maryland

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 5

CANAM CORPORATE INFORMATION

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 6

CANAM CORPORATE INFORMATION

BS, SSBS, Cbr, P, F

Steel Deck AISC:

Steel Deck ULC:

Steel Joist Institute

* Formerly The International Conference

OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

ENGINEERING & DRAFTING

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 7

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

** Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.

MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING

Equal Leg Angles HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed

APPROVER / ERECTOR NOTE:

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 8

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

Consult Canam for depths or spacings not covered in the charts,

K, LH & DLH SERIES JOISTS, SPECIAL JOISTS

Number of lines of bridging is based on joist clear span

BRIDGING BOLT SIZES

Michaels Distribution Center,

** Refer to last two digits of Joist Designation.

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 9

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM

BOLTS NOT BY CANAM

* = DLH18 and DLH19 will have girder standards.

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 10

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

BEARING SEAT DEPTHS

Listed above and within the SJI Specification are

Where a joist seat has been detailed for a bolted

REALITY: It can be advantageous to increase the bearing

MYTH: Variations from the standard bearing seat depth

The joist end reaction can be delivered closer to the

See page 10 for standard girder and joist connections at

In high seismic regions, where a strut may be utilized

MEP-Cat. Joist SJI#1-0910_MEP-Cat. Joist SJI-USA-04/06 16/11/10 8:34 AM Page 11