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Chapter 11
Parallel Key Calculation According to DIN 6892
11.1 General
11.2 Scope of DIN 6892
11.3 Types of Parallel Keys
11.4 Surface Pressure
11.5 Permitted Surface Pressure
11.6 Application factor
11.7 Load Factor
11.8 Load Distribution Factor
11.9 Friction Factor
11.10 Load Direction Changing Factor
11.11 Load Peak Frequency Factor
11.12 Support Factor
11.13 Hardness Influence Factor
11.14 Inputs for Calculation Method B
11.15 Some Additional Information On Method C
11.16 Automatic Dimensioning Functions (Calculator Button)
11.17 Material Selection
11.18 Selection and Geometry of Parallel Keys
11.19 Input of Individual Parallel Keys
11.20 How to Change the Unit of Measurement
11.21 The Button Redo and Undo
11.22 Message Window
11.23 Quick Info: Tooltip
11.24 Calculation Results
11.25 Documentation: Calculation Report
11.26 How to Save the Calculation
11.27 The Button Options
11.28 Calculation Example: Parallel Key According to DIN 6892
11.1 General
A parallel key is a positive shaft-hub-connection. The torque is transmitted from the shaft to the hub via the parallel key. The main purpose of the
parallel key is to transmit static and quasi-static torques. The parallel key can be used with limitations also for swelling and alternating torques. In
case a good assembly and disassembly of the shaft-hub-connection are required or necessary (e.g., replacement or repair), then a parallel key
may be used. A shearing off of the parallel key does not happen very often and occurs only in the event of overloading. The fretting corrosion due
to rotating bending and/or torsional oscillation has been proven in numerous endurance tests and is usually the crucial factor which leads to the
failure of the shaft-hub-connection.
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For the proof of strength of parallel keys, it is necessary to check the following factors:
In DIN 6892 a distinction is made between different methods for the proof of strength for parallel keys: method A, B and C.
Method A
This method is an experimental proof of strength under conditions of practice and/or an extensive stress analysis of the entire parallel key
connection, consisting of shaft, parallel key and hub.
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Method B
The dimensioning takes place due to a detailed consideration of the occurring surface pressures. In addition, the proof of strength for the shaft is
carried out according to the nominal stress concept.
Method C
It is a rough calculation of the surface pressure and resulting estimation of the shaft stress.
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Figure 11.5: Geometry and surface pressure on the parallel key connection
The supporting keyway depth between parallel key and shaft as well as hub keyway wall are given by the following equations. Therefore, a
chamfer and radius on the parallel key as well as on the shaft and hub keyway edge are considered according to the figure above:
For shaft keyway wall
according to the specifications in the standard sheets for the respective materials.
For brittle material:
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Application Factors
According to DIN 3990-1: 1987-12
Working Characteristics
Working Characteristics of the Driven Machine
of the Driving Machine
Uniform
1,0
1,25
1,5
1,75
Light Shocks
1,1
1,35
1,6
1,85
Moderate Shocks
1,25
1,5
1,75
2,0
Heavy Shocks
1,5
1,75
2,0
2,25 or higher
):
):
Compared to the calculation of the equivalent surface pressure, a higher load part can be estimated for the determination of the maximum
surface pressure because a torque occurring in several load peaks leads to a higher load part by deformation on the parallel key and keyway
ground. Using these load parts, ductile materials with pronounced yield point as well as sufficient manufacturing accuracy are required. For brittle
materials (e.g., gray cast iron), there is no established knowledge about the load capacity using two parallel keys.
is dependent upon the kind of load in and output position. Regardless of the torque flow direction, three cases are distinguished.
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is the outer diameter of the hub or the outer diameter of the alternative cylinder with equal torsional stiffness. The alternative outer diameter is
calculated as follows:
Depending on
, the factor
is determined by using the figures 3, 4 and 5 in DIN 6892. These diagrams are integrated into the calculation
module and are valid for a specific ratio
. For other ratios
, the values are determined from two diagrams by
interpolation.
For
the load peak torque is transmitted by friction. In this case, the surface pressure, occurring in the parallel key, is not relevant.
A check of the maximum surface pressure
is not necessary according to DIN 6892. However, it is integrated into the calculation.
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Please note: For brittle materials (e.g., gray cast iron), no interference fit is allowed.
Case 2: Alternating load of the parallel key during alternating load direction. The maximum torques exceed the effective part of the minimum
friction torque in both directions.
For alternating torques with a slow torque increase (e.g., reversing operation for carriages)
For alternating torques with a fast torque increase (e.g., high-dynamic servo drives using in robots for industrial environments)
Load direction changes, that occur due to special cases, have to be considered as well.
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1,2 1,0
1,2 1,0
1,2 1,15
1,2 1,0
1,2 1,0
1,0
1,5 1,0
1,5 1,0
1,5 1,15
1,5 1,0
1,5 1,0
2,0
-
Kind of load:
No alternating torque - load in only one direction
Alternating torque with a slow torque increase
Alternating torque with a fast torque increase
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; a length going beyond it does not make a considerable contribution for the torque transmission.
Number of parallel keys
For an inversion of the torque direction, method C cannot be used. The method B has to be applied.
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You will find the entry User-defined in the listbox. If you select this option, the input fields will be enabled, so that you can enter your own input
values or add a comment. Please select the material from the list. You will get detailed information on the material. The two cursor keys Up and
Down of your keyboard allows you to navigate through the material database, so you can compare the different material properties with each
other. That applies for shaft, hub and parallel key.
The geometry database will be opended. The database allows you to select a parallel key.
The database provides the parallel key selection according to DIN 6885 sheet 1 to 3. The parallel key forms A to J as well as the parallel key size,
including the lengths, can be selected. Clicking the button OK confirms yur inputs and leads you back to the the main mask.
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You can specify different supporting length for the shaft and hub. Place a checkmark in order to enable the input field and enter a value for the
supporting length.
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You can navigate through the report via the table of contents that provides links to the input values, results and figures. This calculation report
contains all input data, the calculation method as well as all detailed results. The report is available in HTML and PDF format. The calculation
report saved in HTML format, can be opened in a web browser or in Word for Windows. You may also print or save the calculation report:
To save the report in the HTML format, please select File
Save as from your browser menu bar. Select the file type Webpage
complete, then just click on the button Save.
If you click on the symbol Print, then you can print the report very easily.
When you click on the symbol PDF, then the report appears in the PDF format. If you right-click on the PDF symbol, you should see the
Save Target As option. Click on that option and you will see the dialog box for saving the report.
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Before you can save the calculation to your computer, you need to activate the checkbox Enable save data local in the project manager and the
option Local in the calculation module. A standard Windows dialog for saving files will appear. Now you will be able to save the calculation to
your computer.
In case you do not activate the option in order to save your files locally, then a new window is opened and you can save the calculation to the
eAssistant server. Please enter a name into the input field Filename and click on the button Save. Then click on the button Refresh in the
project manager. Your saved calculation file is displayed in the window Files.
The button Options allows you to define the minimum safeties. Additionally, there is the possibility to enter the number of decimal places for the
output of the numerical values in the report.
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= 60 mm
Application factor
= 1.75
Outer diameter
hub
= 120 mm
Calculation
method
=B
Operation
nominal torque
= 1.950 Nm
Min. frictional
torque
= 1.250 Nm
= 3.900 Nm
Load peaks
= 500
Material shaft
Material hub
Parallel key
Material parallel
key
Standard length
parallel key
= 100 mm
Number of
parallel keys
=1
Inputs Method B:
Kind of load
Changes of load
direction
Max. reverse
torque
= 3900 Nm
Small outer
diameter
= 120 mm
Large outer
diameter
= 120 mm
Width of hub
within
= 91 mm
Axial distance
= 45.5 mm
Chamfer/radius
on shaft keyway
edge
= 1.0 mm
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Chamfer/radius
on shaft keyway
edge
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= 1.0 mm
Clicking this button opens the window Input data method B and allows you to enter the other input values.
Please note: If, at a later time, you need to change certain values, then click the button Input data method B and the input mask will open again.
Input Values for Shaft and Hub
Specify the material for the shaft and the hub. The material for the shaft is C45 hardened and tempered. The required material for the hub is
34CrNiMo6 hardened and tempered. Both materials can be selected from the listbox.
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Select the material either from the listbox or click the button Material to open the material database. The database allows you to choose the
material. You also get detailed information on the kind of material, hardness factor
, yield point as well as support factor
.
Input Values for Parallel Key
The parallel key selection according to DIN 6885 sheet 1 to 3 makes it easier to choose the required parallel key. You can also select the
geometry and size of the parallel key. The database also provides the standard lengths of the parallel keys. The dimensions of the parallel key
are as follows: DIN 6885.1 AB 18 x 11 x 100
Standard Length
In order to define the standard length of the parallel key, select the value 100 from the listbox.
The geometry selection shows the suitable parallel key. Select the parallel key geometry DIN 6885 sheet 1-8/1968 as well the shape AB from
the listbox. Click the button OK to confirm the values.
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Selection of Material
Select the material 34CrNiMo6 hardened and tempered from the listbox. If you need further information on the material, click the button Material
to open the material database.
In our calculation example the safeties for the shaft, the hub and the parallel key are marked red. That means the minimum safeties are not
fulfilled. In addition, you get also an appropriate message in the message window. The parallel key is not suitable for our calculation example.
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The shaft diameter is now = 111.88 mm. With this diameter the minimum safety of 1.2 is achieved and the parallel key is suitable for this
application. The safety can even be increased by selecting another material.
Due to the new dimensioning, the shaft diameter is significantly larger now. A new size of the parallel key was determined automatically. Click the
button Parallel key and the larger parallel key is displayed automatically.
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The calculation report contains a table of contents. You can navigate through the report via the table of contents that provides links to the input
values, results and figures. The report is available in HTML and PDF format. Calculation reports, saved in HTML format, can be opened in a web
browser or in Word for Windows.
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Before you can save the calculation to your computer, you need to activate the checkbox Enable save data local in the project manager and the
option Local in the calculation module. A standard Windows dialog for saving files will appear. Now you will be able to save the calculation to
your computer.
In case you do not activate the option in order to save your files locally, then a new window is opened and you can save the calculation to the
eAssistant server. Please enter a name into the input field Filename and click on the button Save. Then click on the button Refresh in the
project manager. Your saved calculation file is displayed in the window Files.
Our manual is improved continually. Of course we are always interested in your opinion, so we would like to know what you think. We
appreciate your feedback and we are looking for ideas, suggestions or criticism. If you have anything to say or if you have any
questions, please let us know by phone +49 (0) 531 129 399-0 or email eAssistant@gwj.de.
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