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History
The 20th century was disastrous for Cambodia.
The country was occupied by Japan in World War II, and became "collateral
damage" in the Vietnam War, with secret bombings and cross-border incursions.
In 1975, the Khmer Rouge regime seized power; they would murder
approximately 1/5 of their own citizens in a mad frenzy of violence.
Yet not all of Cambodian history is dark and blood-drenched. Between the 9th
and 13th centuries, Cambodia was home to the Khmer Empire, which left behind
incredible monuments such as Angkor Wat.
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Hopefully, the 21st century will be much kinder to the people of Cambodia than
the last one was.
Capital:
Phnom Pehn, population 1,300,000
Cities:
Battambang, population 1,025,000
Sihanoukville, population 235,000
Siem Reap, population 140,000
Kampong Cham, population 64,000
Cambodia's Government:
Population of Cambodia:
Languages of Cambodia:
Religion in Cambodia:
Most Cambodians (95%) today are Theravada Buddhists. This austere version of
Buddhism became prevalent in Cambodia in the thirteenth century, displacing
the combination of Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism that was practiced
previously.
Modern Cambodia also has Muslim citizens (3%) and Christians (2%). Some
people practice traditions derived from animism as well, alongside their primary
faith.
Geography of Cambodia:
Climate of Cambodia:
Cambodia has a tropical climate, with a rainy monsoon season from May to
November, and a dry season from December to April.
Temperatures don't vary much from season to season; the range is 21-31C (7088F) in the dry season, and 24-35C (75-95F) in the wet season.
Precipitation varies from just a trace in the dry season to over 250 cm (10 inches)
in October.
Cambodian Economy:
The Cambodian economy is small, but growing quickly. In the 21st century, the
annual growth rate has been between 5 and 9%.
The GDP in 2007 was $8.3 billion US, or $571 per capita.
35% of Cambodians live under the poverty line.
The Cambodian economy is based primarily on agriculture and tourism- 75% of
the work force are farmers. Other industries include textiles manufacturing, and
extraction of natural resources (timber, rubber, manganese, phosphate and
gems).
Both the Cambodian rial and the US dollar are used in Cambodia, with the rial
mostly given as change. The exchange rate is $1 = 4,128 KHR (October 2008
rate).
History of Cambodia:
Human settlement in Cambodia dates back at least 7,000 years, and probably
much farther.
Early Kingdoms
Chinese sources from the first century A.D. describe a powerful kingdom called
"Funan" in Cambodia, which was strongly influenced by India.
Funan went into decline in the 6th century A.D., and was supplanted by a group
of ethnically-Khmer kingdoms that the Chinese refer to as "Chenla."
French Rule
The French ruled Cambodia for a century, but viewed it as a subsidiary of the
more important colony of Vietnam .
During World War II, the Japanese occupied Cambodia but left the Vichy French
in charge. The Japanese promoted Khmer nationalism and pan-Asian ideas. After
Japan's defeat, the Free French sought renewed control over Indochina.
The rise of nationalism during the war, however, forced France to offer increasing
self-rule to the Cambodians until independence in 1953.
Independent Cambodia
Prince Sihanouk ruled newly-free Cambodia until 1970, when he was deposed
during the Cambodian Civil War (1967-1975). This war pitted communist forces,
called theKhmer Rouge, against the US-backed Cambodian government.
In 1975 the Khmer Rouge won the civil war, and under Pol Pot set to work
creating an agrarian communist utopia by exterminating political opponents,
monks and priests, and educated people in general. Just four years of Khmer
Rouge rule left 1 to 2 million Cambodians dead- about 1/5 of the population.
Vietnam attacked Cambodia and captured Phnom Penh in 1979, withdrawing
only in 1989. The Khmer Rouge fought on as guerrillas until 1999.
Today, though, Cambodia is a peaceful and democratic nation.
of Cambodia, was built in 1958 for Cambodia's independence from France in 1953. It stands on the
intersection of Norodom Boulevard and Sihanouk Boulevard in the centre of the city. It is in the form
of a lotus-shaped stupa, of the style seen at the great Khmer temple at Angkor Wat and other Khmer
historical sites. The Independence Monument was designed by the influential Cambodian modern
architect Vann Molyvann.
During national celebrations, The Independence Monument is the center of activity. A ceremonial
flame on the interior pedestal is often lit by a royal or high official on these occasions, and floral
tributes line the stairs. Every year, The Independence Monument is visited by foreigners and locals
alike.
Behind the monument is the newly constructed Statue of Norodom Sihanouk.
The CambodiaVietnam Friendship Monument in Phnom Penh, capital of Cambodia, is a large
concrete monument commemorating the former alliance between Vietnam and Cambodia. It was
built in the late 1970s by the communist regime that took power after theCambodian-Vietnamese
War, which overthrew the Khmer Rouge regime.
The monument is located at the Botum Park near the centre of Phnom Penh not far from the Royal
Palace. It features heroic statues of Vietnamese and Cambodian soldiers in the "Socialist realist"
style developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, together with images of a woman and baby
representing Cambodian civilians. The monument is in a popular park in the middle of the city.
The monument has occasionally become a political focal point. On August 30, 1998, during postelectoral protests, several people climbed onto the monument with hammers, poured gasoline on it
and set it on fire. This damage was repaired two months later by the authorities. On July 29, 2007, a
bomb exploded at the base of the monument, causing little damage.