Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
B1
Contenidos.-
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
INDICE B1
Grammar
Simple past
Comparatives and superlatives
Enough
Connectors
Vocabulary
The description
Give my opinion
Grammar
Can / Could / Be able to
Present perfect
Past simple Vs. Present perfect
How to express quantity
Vocabulary
Food
Express what you like or dont like
Grammar
Imperative
Reported Speech: Questions
Vocabulary
How to express my opinion
Ways of cooking
Grammar
Question tags
Modal verbs
Yet-already
To get + adjective
Prepositions of easy confusion
Vocabulary
Talking on the phone
Grammar
Past simple vs. past continuous
Present perfect vs. present continuous
Used to
Ever and never
Vocabulary
To travel
Boats
Activity
Make it count
Grammar
Questions: Basic rules
Vocabulary
Bedroom furnishings
Houses. Flats and rooms.
Activities
Dream house
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NIVEL B1
The bedroom
Grammar
Which vs. What
Open vs. Opened
Vocabulary
Wimbledon vocabulary
Bullfighting
Activity
Tennis
Grammar
Expressions with the verbs 'to come'
Things you might not know about the verb 'to be'
Vocabulary
Interesting facts
Forensics
Activity
Criminal Minds
Grammar
Reflexive and Ergative verbs
Delexical verbs: have, take, make, give, go and do
Vocabulary
Taboo words / Swearwords
Activity
Bad Words
Unit 1
B1
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NIVEL B1
B1 UNIT 1
1. PASADO SIMPLE
Para formar la oracin afirmativa en pasado, debemos tener en cuenta el verbo, que
puede ser Regular o Irregular:
rob robbed
stop stopped
sin sinned
hug hugged
Los verbos acabados en consonante + y cambian la y por i y aaden ed, pero no los acabados en vocal.
occupy occupied
carry carried
study studied
play played
enjoy - enjoyed
Ingls
NIVEL B1
Infinitive
Simple Past
Past Participle
Spanish
be
was / were
been
ser
become
became
become
convertirse
begin
began
begun
comenzar
bring
brought
brought
traer
buy
bought
bought
comprar
come
came
come
venir
do
did
done
hacer
dream
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt/dreamed
soar
drink
drank
drunk
beber
drive
drove
driven
conducir
eat
ate
eaten
comer
feel
felt
felt
sentir
find
found
found
encontrar
forget
forgot
forgotten
olvidar
get
got
got
tener, obtener
give
gave
given
dar
go
went
gone
ir
have
had
had
tener
keep
kept
kept
guardar
know
knew
known
saber
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
aprender
make
made
made
hacer
meet
met
met
conocer, encontrar
pay
paid
paid
pagar
put
put
put
poner
read
read
read
leer
say
said
said
decir
see
saw
seen
ver
sell
sold
sold
vender
send
sent
sent
enviar
sleep
slept
slept
dormir
speak
spoke
spoken
hablar
spend
spent
spent
gastar
take
took
taken
tomar
tell
told
told
decir
think
thought
thought
pensar
write
wrote
written
escribir
Ingls
NIVEL B1
I was
Yo era / estaba
You were
T eras / estabas
He was
l era / estaba
She was
It was
We were
Nosotros ramos/
estbamos
You were
They were
Oraciones Negativas:
Yo no le/ lea
T no leste/ leas
l no ley/ lea
Nosotros no lemos/
leamos
Vosotros no lesteis/
leais
Para negar el verbo to be, no necesitamos did not/ didnt. Negamos directamente con
el to be (was not/ wasnt were not/ werent).
I was not
I wasnt
Yo no era / estaba
You werent
T no eras / estabas
He was not
He wasnt
l no era / estaba
She wasnt
It was not
It wasnt
We were not
We werent
Nosotros no ramos/
estbamos
You werent
They werent
Oraciones Interrogativas:
Usamos tambin el auxiliar did o did not (didnt), seguida del sujeto y el verbo en
infinitivo para formular preguntas.
Did I read?
Le/ Lea?
Leiste/ Leas?
Did he read?
Did it read?
Did we read?
Leimos/ leamos?
Lesteis/ leais?
Leyeron/ lean?
10
Ingls
NIVEL B1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11
DID
ENGLISH
CASTELLANO
play tennis
DID
he
house
paint the
DID
she work
DID
It
DID
DID
yesterday ?
Jugaste al tenis
ayer?
yesterday
morning ?
Estudiaste francs
ayer a la
maana?
yesterday
afternoon?
Pint la casa
ayer a la
tarde?
last night ?
Trabaj
anoche?
last week?
Llovi
la semana
pasada?
in 1999?
Comenzamos la escuela
en 1999?
Nos visitaron
hace dos
das?
rain
we start school
they visit us
At/ time /bed/ did/ to / last/ go / night/ what / he? 'He went at midnight.'
12
Ingls
NIVEL B1
who /you/ did/ stay/ yesterday/ with? 'I stayed with Sara.'
happened / last/ what/ month?
did /to/ school/ how/ come/ you/ yesterday? 'I came on foot as usual.
play /did/ you/ Tim/ with/ chess? 'Yes, he did. Tom is very good at it.
listened
[lsend]
study
studied
[stdid]
enter
entered
[nterd]
receive
received
[risvd]
jammed
[ymd]
rob
robbed
[rbd]
clog
clogged
[clogd]
13
Sonido [t]
Cuando el verbo termina en sonido sordo (es decir, cuando al pronunciar la ltima letra
el sonido no vibra, solo truena en la garganta o en los labios y dientes), entonces, para
pronunciar el pasado en -ed, se utiliza el sonido sordo [t]
walk
walked
[ukt]
talk
talked
[tkt]
stop
stopped
[stopt]
jump
jumped
[yompt]
laugh
laughed
[laft]
matched [matcht]
watch
watched [utcht]
wash
washed
[usht]
close
closed
[clost]
Sonido [d]
Cuando el verbo termina en sonido [t] o en sonido [d] (observa que en los grupos
anteriores ninguno de los verbos termina en esos sonidos), entonces, para pronunciar
el pasado en -ed, se utiliza el sonido [d] , cuya vocal suena muy cerrada y breve.
waited
[uird]
want
wanted
[untd]
14
Ingls
add
NIVEL B1
added
[dd]
needed
[ndd]
LA REGLA MS IMPORTANTE:
15
1. En principio escogemos entre pronunciar el sonido /t/ sin vocal el sonido /d/ sin
vocal. Nota: Respecto a id (el tercer sonido al que se refieren las explicaciones) decir
que la i es tan corta que casi la podemos asimilar a la d, as nos quedamos slo
con d" sobre todo cuando empezamos a aprender los sonidos. Ms tarde, con ms
practica, podemos intentar distinguir el sonido /id/.
2. La nica manera de saber cundo el verbo regular acaba en un sonido /t/ en /d/ (
/id/)es escuchar mucho ingls. Dejo unos enlaces para ir haciendo odo.
1. clean
2. cook
3. dive
4. do
5. drive
6. eat
7. go
8. hit
9. live
10. pay
11. play
12. read
16
Ingls
NIVEL B1
13. run
14. sit
15. speak
16. study
17. swim
18. think
19. type
17
1. Yesterday I ..... (REMAIN) in the house. I ........ (COOK) dinner and ........ (DO) some
housework.
2. I ......... (REST), ......... (READ) books, ......... (WATCH) television and ........ (GO) to
sleep.
3. I ....... (BE) at school most of the day. I ............. (STUDY). I ........ (GO) to the gym
and ........... (WORK) out, ....... (WORK) in my computer, ......... (WATCH) a little TV.
4. I ............. (GO) to work in the morning and I ............ (GO) to school in the afternoon.
5. I ............ (teach) yesterday. I teach at school two days a week.
6. This morning I ........... (GET) up at eight and ............ (WATCH) news.
7. We ............. (walk) around the city.
8. Yesterday I ............. (ATTEND) a speech at Columbia University.
9. I .............. (GO) to my shrink.
10. I ............... (BE) pretty good at school.
18
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NIVEL B1
5 Now find the infinitive forms of the previous verbs in the wordsearch: ( 12
verbs )
19
COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS
Comparative adjectives Adjetivos comparativos
Utilizamos la forma comparativa de los adjetivos para describir y comparar
diferentes objetos o personas, necesariamente con dos elementos a comparar como
mnimo.
Tipos de comparaciones: (a) Inferioridad, (b) Igualdad y (c) Superioridad.
Algunos adjetivos tienen una forma de comparacin de superioridad irregular (ver
tabla).
high higher
(barato ms barato ,
rich richer .
alto ms alto ,
rico ms rico).
fat fatter .
20
Ingls
NIVEL B1
narrow narrower
gentle gentler
Adjetivos de 2 o ms slabas:
Ponemos more delante del adjetivo:
expensive more expensive , interesting more interesting.
( caro ms caro ,
interesante ms interesante ).
Adjetivos de 1 slaba:
Aadimos est al adjetivo:
cheap the cheapest , high the highest , rich the richest.
(barato el ms barato , alto el ms alto , rico el ms rico)
Adjetivos de 2 o ms slabas:
Ponemos most delante del adjetivo:
expensive the most expensive, interesting the most interesting.
( caro el ms caro ,
interesante el ms interesante ).
21
adjetivo
comparacin
superlativo
good
better
the best
bad
worse
the worst
far
further-farther
old
older / eldest
many/much
more
the most
little
less
the least
Estos son los adjetivos que tienen una forma comparativa y superlativa irregular:
1. good: gooder/better
2. intelligent:
intelligenter/more
intelligent
3. old: older/old
4. bad: worse/ bader
5. large: larger/large
22
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NIVEL B1
Ej. Hes a very good footballer. Hes the best footballer in Europe at the moment.
23
Comparing people...
:
Compare the following people:
Bob
28 years old
55 kilos
1.50 mt
Bob is
Homer
39 years old
80 kilos
1.55 mt
(YOUNG) than Homer.
Homer is
Alice is
Bob is
Homer is
Alice is
Homer is
Homer is
Bob is
Alice
9 years old
33 kilos
1.20 mt
Alice is
24
Ingls
Homer is a
NIVEL B1
Harry
32 years old
75 kilos
1.90 mt
Garfield
10 years old
60 kilos
0.57 mt
Sponge Bob
6 years old
3 kilos
0.20 mt
Garfield
Harry. (SHORT-TALL)
Garfield
Harry. (FUNNY-BORING)
Harry's. (SMALL-BIG)
Garfield. (STRONG-WEAK)
Garfield
Bob Sponge
Harry. (BEAUTIFUL-HORRIBLE)
at sports
Garfield. (GOOD-BAD)
25
Examples:
My boyfriend is much / far older than me. (NOT ..very older than me)
Russian is much / far more difficult than Spanish.
Very much nicer
A lot happier
Quite cannot be used with comparatives except in the expression quite better
meaning recovered from an illness. Any, no, a bit and a lot are not normally used to
modify comparatives before nouns.
There are much/far nicer shops in the centre. (BUT NOT a bit nicer shops)
26
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NIVEL B1
Using the adjective modifiers that we have seen in this lesson, compare two of
the ideas given below:
Reading /
watching movies
Travelling /
staying at home
English / other
languages
Paintings / photos
A computer/ a
tablet PC
Classical music/
rock music
Education/
experience
http://vimeo.com/11083824#at=25
27
Listening 2:
http://vimeo.com/19890458
You are going to watch a short film about a single day in the life of Amar, a fourteen
year-old Indian boy. As you watch the film you should think how your daily routine is
similar or different to that of Amar. Use as many adjectives modifiers as possible.
Speaking:
The title of the film in Amar (All great achievements require time). What does all great
achievements require time mean?
- Antes de un sustantivo.
28
Ingls
NIVEL B1
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
LOS CONECTORES
29
CONNECTORS:
1. Read the pairs of sentences below. Which pair expresses similar ideas? Which
pair expresses contrasting ideas?
similar ideas vs. contrasting ideas
1. Their team has got the best players. Moreover, their coach is
fantastic.
2. Their team has got the best players. Nevertheless, they lost the last
game.
30
Ingls
NIVEL B1
5. Cristina loves playing sport, ........ shes not very good at it.
Some connectors have got similar meanings but are followed by different
structures. Despite and in spite of are followed by a noun phrase or a
gerund.
We did not wear coats despite the cold weather.
I tried to look happy in spite of feeling terrible.
31
VOCABULARY:
La descripcin:
This is a house
32
Ingls
NIVEL B1
Appearance
small
33
Character
I am / You are / He is / She is
shy
quiet
lively
active
easygoing
outgoing
nice
friendly
funny
happy
annoying
sad
aggressive
a pain in the neck
a little chatter box
overweight, fat
slim
young
old
years old.
beautiful / pretty ,
handsome
sun-tanned
pale
34
Ingls
NIVEL B1
a goatee
a stubbly beard
blond hair
red hair
brown hair
black hair
dyed hair
blond highlights
short hair
long hair
straight hair
curly hair / curls
a bald head
a square / round / triangular / oval face
a big / small / long nose
big / small ears
glasses
contact lenses
I am wearing / You are wearing / He/She is wearing
earrings
a necklace
a wristband
a bracelet
35
a cap
a red scarf
a tie
Expressing Opinions
English Vocabulary
Below are some phrases that you can use to help express opinions. Some of these
phrases are more appropriate for written English such as giving your opinion in an
essay whereas some can also be used in spoken English.
Personal Point of View
We use these words and phrases to express a personal point of view:
In my experience
As far as I'm concerned
Speaking for myself
In my opinion
Personally, I think
I'd say that
I'd suggest that
I'd like to point out that
I believe that
What I mean is
36
Ingls
NIVEL B1
It is thought that...
Some people say that...
It is considered...
It is generally accepted that...
Of course.
You're absolutely right.
Yes, I agree.
I think so too.
That's a good point.
Exactly.
I don't think so either.
So do I.
I'd go along with that.
That's true.
Neither do I.
I agree with you entirely.
That's just what I was thinking.
I couldn't agree more.
That's different.
I don't agree with you.
However
That's not entirely true.
On the contrary
I'm sorry to disagree with you, but
Yes, but don't you think
That's not the same thing at all.
I'm afraid I have to disagree.
I'm not so sure about that.
I must take issue with you on that.
It's unjustifiable to say that...
37
En mi opinion
As I see it
Como lo veo yo
As far as Im concerned
En lo que a mi respecta
Sequence ideas:
To begin with
Secondly/ Thirdly
Finally/Lastly
Por ltimo
Add information
Furthermore,
Adems (formal)
Moreover, .
Adems (formal)
In addition,
Besides,
What is more,
Es ms, ...
Also/...too
Tambin
As well as
al igual que
Aparte de (eso)
38
Ingls
NIVEL B1
Give a reason
Due to(+noun)/Due to the fact that(+sentence)
Owing to(+noun)/Owing to the fact that(+sentence)
Because(+sentence)
porque
Express a consequence
Cosequently
en consecuncia
Therefore
por lo tanto
So
As a result of
como consecuencia de
en resumen
In brief
In summary
To sum up
In conclusion
en conclusin
To conclude
39
CONJUNCTIONS
According to - de acuerdo con / segn
Namely - a saber
And - y
Nor - ni
Notwithstanding - no obstante
As if - como si
Or - o
Or else - sino
As soon as - en cuanto
As though - como si
As well as - adems de
Because - porque
Because of - debido a
So as to - para
So as not to - para no
Both...and - tanto...como
But - pero
But - sino
Either... or - o... o
Though - aunque
For - porque
Furthermore - adems
40
Ingls
NIVEL B1
If - si
Whether - si
In case of - en caso de
Whether... or - si... o
In order to - para
In my opinion, ...
In my eyes, ...
To my mind, ...
Speaking personally, ...
I am of the
It is my
I dare
41
St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, was born in Wales around 385 AD. His
real name was not Patrick but Maewyn Succat. He had wealthy parents and
they had a good life in the country. When he was 16 years old he was captured
by pirates who took him to Ireland and sold him to a farmer.
He worked as a shepherd, tending sheep and pigs. He was very lonely and prayed all
the time. One night, after more than six years as a prisoner, Patrick heard a voice
which he believed to be Gods - telling him to escape. He walked for more than 200
miles until he reached the coast. He boarded a ship that took him to France where he
became a priest.
He went back to Wales but, several years later, another vision told him that he had to
return to Ireland to convert the Druid Irish people to Christianity.
St. Patrick lived and preached in Ireland for many years. Instead of disregarding
native Irish beliefs, he incorporated traditional customs and rituals into his lessons. He
used the shamrock, a three-leaf clover, to explain the Christian concept of God (Father,
Son and Holy Spirit).
According to a legend, St. Patrick drove all the snakes from Ireland. This is not true.
Ireland never actually had snakes.
Saint Patrick died on March 17 the day we now celebrate St. Patricks Day. Lots of
cities in Ireland and in the US have St. Patrick's Day parades. Most people wear
green and one of the fun Irish traditions is to pinch anyone who is not wearing green
on St. Patrick's Day.
42
Ingls
NIVEL B1
1. St. Patrick's Day is an annual feast day celebrating the patron saint of
2. St. Patrick's Day is celebrated on
3. People wear something
4. A
is a three-leaf clover.
you!
1.
2.
5.
6.
3.
4.
7.
9.
43
8.
Across
1
3
5
6
Down
44
Ingls
NIVEL B1
Can y could son formas invariables (no se conjugan) y aparecen siempre seguidas
de un verbo en infinitivo (sin to).
She can swim very well. ([Ella] Sabe nadar muy bien).
She could swim very well. ([Ella] saba nadar muy bien).
Pedir algo de forma educada:
Can I have a beer, please? (Me pone una cerveza, por favor?).
Could I have a beer, please? (Me podra poner una cerveza, por favor?).
Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad de hacer algo:
I can give you her phone number. (Puedo darte su nmero de telfono).
I could give you her phone number. (Podra darte su nmero de telfono).
Expresar y pedir permiso:
45
Forma negativa: se aade not detrs de can y could: cannot / could not.
She can play the saxophone > Can she play the saxophone?
You can drink alcohol > Can you drink alcohol?
Exercise1. Complete the sentences with can or could. In some sentences you can use
both options although the meaning changes:
La negativa o interrogativa se hace segn el tiempo verbal usado del verbo to be.
It seemed difficult, but I was able to learn the list of irregular verbs.
(Pareca difcil, pero fui capaz de aprenderme la lista de verbos irregulares).
46
Ingls
NIVEL B1
Debemos tener en cuenta que en muchos casos podemos usar tanto can como be
able to en una misma oracin. Como en espaol, la diferencia de significado de ambos
verbos es mnima.
PRESENT PERFECT
How do we make the Present Perfect Tense?
The structure of the present perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
have
past participle
47
auxiliary verb
main verb
have
seen
ET.
You
have
eaten
mine.
She
has
not
been
to Rome.
We
have
not
played
football.
Have
you
finished?
Have
they
done
it?
I've
You have
You've
He has
She has
It has
John has
The car has
He's
She's
It's
John's
The car's
We have
We've
They have
They've
48
Ingls
NIVEL B1
He's or he's??? Be careful! The 's contraction is used for the auxiliary verbs have and
be. For example, "It's eaten" can mean:
present
future
!!!
The action or state was in
the past.
In my head, I have a
memory now.
49
present
future
present
future
present
future
present
50
future
Ingls
NIVEL B1
Now he is in prison.
***Americans do not use the present perfect tense so much as British speakers.
Americans often use the past tense instead. An American might say "Did you
have lunch?", where a British person would say "Have you had lunch?"
present
future
It continues up to now.
51
for
since
a period of time
20 minutes
6.15pm
three days
Monday
6 months
January
4 years
1994
2 centuries
1800
a long time
I left school
ever
etc
etc
For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.
52
Ingls
NIVEL B1
Exercises:
Fill in the gaps with the most appropriate word from the list below:
Present Perfect - 1
EAT
Affirmative
Form
Negative Form
Interrogative
Form
Haven't I
eaten?
he
He has
eaten
She hasn't
eaten
she
Have we
eaten?
we
You haven't
eaten
you
they
Interronegative
Form
They have
eaten
Haven't they
eaten?
53
Present Perfect - 2
WRITE
Affirmative
Form
Interrogative
Form
Negative Form
Haven't I written?
he
Has he written?
She hasn't
written
she
Have we
written?
we
you
Interronegative
Form
You have
written
Haven't they
written?
they
54
Ingls
NIVEL B1
1. I
2. We
3. I
4. She
5. He
6. They
7. He
8. I
9. She
10. You
55
When I was a child I was really shy, I liked playing the guitar but I didnt
study too much. How were you?
(Cuando yo era pequea era muy tmida, me gustaba tocar la guitarra pero no
estudiaba demasiado. T cmo eras?).
56
Ingls
NIVEL B1
She wasnt working in this company. (No estaba trabajando en esta empresa).
El Pasado Continuo lo usamos en las siguientes situaciones:
It was raining; I was watching a film and thinking about the problem.
(Estaba lloviendo; yo estaba viendo una pelcula y pensando en el problema).
They were drinking and talking while I was cooking alone. (Ellos estaban
bebiendo y hablando mientras yo estaba cocinando sola).
Para hablar de acciones habituales en el pasado que son molestas para el hablante.
Normalmente usamos el adverbio always.
57
She was always talking in class. (Ella siempre estaba hablando en clase).
Existen algunas reglas ortogrficas para aadir la ing:
58
Ingls
NIVEL B1
Exercise1. A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm went
off. Choose the sentences saying what each person was doing at the time.
59
1.
2.
Sam (take) another cake while his mum was not looking.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Use
When do we use which tense?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Positive Sentences
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. Mary (win)
2. We (prepare / already)
3. James (find)
4. He (come / just)
5. They (buy)
dinner.
your ring in the garden yesterday.
home.
Negative Sentences
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. I (see / not)
anyone yet.
3. We (be / not)
yet.
me last week.
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62
Unit 2
B1
Ingls
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B1 - UNIT 2
QUESTION TAGS
Son preguntas breves empleadas cuando el emisor necesita aprobacin por parte
del interlocutor o quiere comprobar que est escuchando.
63
Entonacin descendente: el hablante est seguro de lo que dice, por lo que no hara
falta una respuesta de su interlocutor. Corresponde a la muletilla del espaol eh?
Entonacin ascendente: el hablante no est seguro de lo que dice, por lo que la tag
question es una forma de pedir informacin a su interlocutor.
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Ejercicio 1. Choose the correct question tag to complete the following sentences:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
You will send me a postcard from Llangollen, WONT YOU/ WILL YOU?
Somebody answered the phone when I was out, DIDNT THEY/ WAS I?
You are not older than me, ARE YOU/ ARENT YOU?
Rachel has gone to Brussels, HASNT SHE/ HAS SHE?
She is invited too, ISNT SHE/ IS SHE?
Lets have another drink, SHALL WE/ SHALL NOT WE?
65
VERBOS MODALES
Los verbos modales sirven para hablar de obligacin, voluntad, posibilidad o
capacidad. Solo tienen formas de presente o de pasado, es decir, que no tienen ni
infinitivo, ni participio ni gerundio (excepto must y ought to, que solo tienen formas de
presente). La siguiente tabla muestra los verbos modales ms importantes:
VERBO
USO
EJEMPLOS
Can
I cant go with you; Im not feeling well.
Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad
Could
Expresar imposibilidad en el
pasado.
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Hacer conjeturas.
Pedir permiso.
Conceder permiso.
Ya podis jugar.
We may visit our friends on Monday.
May
Expresar posibilidad.
Hacer conjeturas.
Hacer conjeturas.
Expresar obligacin.
Must
Debes ir a clase.
67
Expresar obligacin.
Have to
En forma negativa: expresar
ausencia de obligacin.
Dar consejos.
Should
Hacer un ofrecimiento.
Abro la ventana?
Hacer sugerencias.
Expresar decisions.
Shall
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Ir a la feria maana.
Will
Pass me the salt, will you?
Hacer un ofercimiento.
Quieres t?
Would you pass me the salt, please?
Los verbos modales tienen la misma forma verbal para todas las personas, es decir,
no se le aade s a la tercera persona del singular, por ejemplo.
En oraciones afirmativas y negativas, van siempre delante del verbo principal; en las
interrogativas, la estructura es: verbo modal + sujeto + verbo principal. Despus de un
verbo modal el verbo principal va si to.
She can walk very fast. (Ella puede caminar muy rpido).
Can she walk very fast? (Puede caminar muy rpido?).
Con los verbos modales no usamos auxiliar do/ does/ did.
Para negar, colocamos la partcula negativa not, detrs del verbo modal; la forma
contrada no la usamos en todos los modales.
69
number?
2-She doesnt have to
3-Mrs. Clayton, would you
4- Shall we
70
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Exercise5. The following sentences are translated into English , but are they correct?:
2- Habis entendido todo ya? Si, lo hemos entendido porque Pedro nos lo ha
explicado con muchos detalles.
Have you understood everything yet? Yes, we have understood it because Pedro has
explained it to us with many details.
4- No han creado la nueva pgina Web an, han sido muy perezosos.
They havent created the new web site yet, they have been very lazy.
5- No hemos pedido una nueva impresora an, pero hemos tenido suerte porque nos
han prestado una.
We havent ordered a new printer, but we have been lucky because they have lent us
one yet.
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GET + ADJETIVO
Usamos get + adjetivo para expresar cambio de un estado a otro como resultado de
una accin. En este caso get funciona como un auxiliar.
She left the window open and the table got wet.
(Ella dej la ventana abierta y la mesa se moj).
[Una cosa es estar mojado (to be wet) y otra mojarse (to get wet). Con get nos
referimos al proceso].
You are going to get hungry during class if you don't have breakfast.
(Te va a entrar hambre durante la clase si no desayunas).
[Una cosa es estar hambriento (to be hungry) y otra es el proceso de entrarle a
uno hambre (to get hungry)].
Estos son algunos de los adjetivos ms utilizados con get (proceso de):
- get hungry
- get well
- get thirsty
- get dry
- get ready
- get dark
- get late
- get cold
- get serious
- get fat
- get hot
- get busy
- get anxious
- get angry
- get impatient
- get old
- get sick
- get thin
- get bald
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a) getting deaf
b) got tired
c) getting mature
d) get dry
5-If you put the skirt near the window now, it will
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e) get angry?
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TO/ FOR
To
Voy a la playa.
The snow came to the door.
LUGAR
a, hasta
TIEMPO
hasta
MODO
a (para introducir un
objeto indirecto)
Me los dio a m.
From one to five.
a, hasta
para (intencin)
75
For
LUGAR
para, en direccin a
durante
TIEMPO
para, por
desde hace
para (destino)
por (intencin)
MODO
por, a favor de
por (causa)
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77
Vocabulary:
78
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Explaining> explicar
I'm afraid Mr Martin isn't in at the moment.
> Lo siento pero el seor Martin no est en este momento
79
Problems> problemas
I'm sorry, I don't understand. Could you repeat that, please?
>Lo siento, no le entiendo. Puede repetir?
I'm sorry, I can't hear you very well. Could you speak up a little, please?
> Lo siento, no le oigo muy bien. Puede hablar ms alto?
I've tried to get through several times but it's always engaged.
> Lo he intentado varias veces pero est siempre ocupado.
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81
82
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5. Agradecemos la atencin...
Thanks you very much for your help.: Muchas gracias por su ayuda
Thanks for the information.: Gracias por la informacin
83
When I was a child I was really shy, I liked playing the guitar but I didnt
study too much. How were you?
(Cuando yo era pequea era muy tmida, me gustaba tocar la guitarra pero no
estudiaba demasiado. T cmo eras?).
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It was raining; I was watching a film and thinking about the problem.
(Estaba lloviendo; yo estaba viendo una pelcula y pensando en el problema).
85
They were drinking and talking while I was cooking alone. (Ellos estaban
bebiendo y hablando mientras yo estaba cocinando sola).
Para hablar de acciones habituales en el pasado que son molestas para el hablante.
Normalmente usamos el adverbio always.
She was always talking in class. (Ella siempre estaba hablando en clase).
Existen algunas reglas ortogrficas para aadir la ing:
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Exercise1. A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm went
off. Choose the sentences saying what each person was doing at the time.
87
1.
88
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Example:
twice.
Certain verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple (not in the
progressive form).
89
I got used to driving on the left. (Me acostumbr a conducir por la izquierda).
[En este ejemplo utilizamos el sujeto de primera persona singular (I) y el verbo to get
est conjugado en pasado, ya que explicamos algo que ocurri en tiempo pasado].
Para darle sentido negativo o interrogativo a una oracin, debe modificarse el verbo
TO GET siguiendo las reglas del tiempo verbal utilizado.
[En estos ejemplos se utiliza la estructura con el pasado simple, por lo tanto el verbo
GET sufre las modificaciones establecidas por dicho tiempo verbal].
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Al igual que con la estructura anterior, debemos tener en cuenta que para formar
una oracin debemos utilizar obligatoriamente un sujeto y asegurarnos que el verbo to
be est conjugado en el tiempo verbal adecuado.
Para darle sentido negativo o interrogativo a una oracin, debe modificarse el verbo
TO BE siguiendo las reglas del tiempo verbal utilizado.
[En estos ejemplos se utiliza la estructura con el pasado simple, por lo tanto el verbo
TO BE sufre las modificaciones establecidas por dicho tiempo verbal].
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Para darle sentido negativo o interrogativo a una oracin, la estructura debe incluir
los elementos de negacin e interrogacin del pasado simple.
[En estos ejemplos se utiliza la estructura con el pasado simple, por lo tanto el verbo
TO BE sufre las modificaciones establecidas por dicho tiempo verbal].
En las estructuras 2.1 y 2.2, el verbo terminado en ing viene introducido por la
preposicin to, que equivale a la preposicin en espaol a. No hay que confundir la
partcula to de infinitivo (to eat: comer) con la preposicin a, la cual requiere un verbo
terminado en ing.
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Recuerda!
TO GET USED TO + V-ing = Acostumbrarse a algo.
TO BE USED TO + V-ing = Estar acostumbrado a algo.
USED TO + V-inf = Soler hacer algo (pasado).
Exercise2. Complete these sentences with used to, get used to or be used to:
1-We ----------- go to school walking through the park when we were children.
2-They -----------getting up early everyday, they can meet you at 7:00.
3-Sarah and George will -----------living together very soon.I am sure.
4-Did Ins -----------do exercise last year? Now she never does any!
5-The puppy -----------sleeping in his kennel very soon after we brought him home.
6-My grandmother -----------having dinner late, so dont give her the pizza now, its too
early for her.
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EVER NEVER
a.
En el caso de una oracin en presente simple, la tercera persona singular he, she,
it, mantiene la s del verbo, puesto que el verbo no va en forma negativa.
Nunca > en oraciones negativas e interrogativas en las que aparece una partcula
negativa.
Alguna vez > en oraciones interrogativas para preguntar por lo que se ha hecho
alguna vez. Usamos el Pretrito Perfecto.
Have you ever been to Italy? (Has estado en Italia alguna vez?).
Siempre > en algunas expresiones.
- for ever
(para siempre)
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TRAVELLING
Travel agency
Cunto cuesta?
Cunto le debo?
96
Ingls
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to be late
perder el tren
reservar
to book
subir
to get on
bajar
to get off
reservar
to reserve
No asomarse por la
ventana
transbordarse
to change trains
terrapln
embankment
pasajero
passenger
tren de vapor
steam train
To get on : subir
To get off: bajar
Dont lean out of the window: No asomarse por la ventana
Pasajero: passenger
Dining car: coche restaurante
Ticket collector: revisor
First class: primera clase
Second class: segunda clase
Coach: vagn
Sleeper: coche cama
Ventanilla: window
97
98
Ingls
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change trains
el coche restaurante
dining car
procedente de
from
ventanilla de
informacin
information office
left luggage
puntual
on time
andn
platform
estacin
railway station
el revisor
ticket collector
ventanilla
ticket office
con destino a
to
va
track
sala de espera
waiting room
salidas
departures
llegadas
arrivals
Frases:
99
100
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Vocabulario
Ingls
Espaol
porter
portero
camarero
waiter
bath room
cuarto de bao
llave
key
breakfast
desayuno
dinner
comida
supper
cena
menu
carta
luggage
equipaje
valet
botones
bill
cuenta
room number
habitacin nmero
arrival
llegada
bath
bao
bellboy
botones
booking
reserva
cancellation
cancelacin
101
departure
salida
double room
habitacin doble
elevator (US)
ascensor, elevador
floor
piso
front office
recepcin
front-office clerk
recepcionista
ground floor
planta baja
hall porter
conserje
housekeeper
ama de llaves
housekeeping staff
personal de habitaciones
ice-dispenser
key
llave
key card
llave magntica
key clerk
encargado de llaves
laundry
lavandera
lift (GB)
ascensor, elevador
lobby
vestbulo
luggage
equipaje
mail clerk
porter
portero
registration card
tarjeta de registracin
room service
servicio a la habitacin
single room
habitacin simple
safe
caja de seguridad
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shower
ducha
staff
personal
towel
toalla
twin beds
vacancy
disponibilidad de habitaciones
voucher
cupn
wake-up call
despertador telefnico
to book
reservar
to check in
registrarse
to check out
registrar la salida
to deposit
depositar
to disturb
molestar
to do a room
to stay
permanecer
pensin completa
media pensin
European plan
habitacin solamente
cama y desayuno
guesthouse
media pensin
pensin completa
to stay
permanecer
103
la reserva
booking
la primera clase
first class
das festivos
public holidays
tarifa reducida
reduced rate
la reserva
reservation
return ticket
segunda clase
second class
billete de ida
single ticket
tarifa normal
standard rate
horario
timetable
das laborables
weekdays
104
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En el aeropuerto
1- Viajar en avion
flight - vuelo
flight number - numero de vuelo
take off - despegar
land - aterrizar
check-in desk - el sitio donde se hace el check-in
departure lounge - sala de salida
arrivals - sala de llegadas
baggage reclaim - recogida de equipaje
passport control - inspeccin de pasaportes
duty free - sin impuestos
boarding card - tarjeta de embarque
board - embarcar
boarding gate - puerta de embarcar
passengers in transit - viajeros en transito
car hire - alquilar de coches
short stay carpark - parking de estancia de corto estancia
long stay carpark - parking de larga estancia
drop off area - sitio de estancia de pocos minutos
customs - aduanas
nothing to declare - nada para declarar
105
INGLS
Aduana
Customs
Agencia de viajes
Travel agency
Billete
Ticket
Billete de ida
Single ticket
Return ticket
Bolsa de viaje
Travel bag
Carrito de equipajes
Luggage trolley
Cheque de viaje
Consigna (equipaje)
Left-luggage office
Destino
Destination
Documentacin
Papers
Equipaje
Luggage
Equipaje de mano
Hand luggage
Equipaje permitido
Baggage allowance
Exceso de equipaje
Excess baggage
Frontera
Frontier ; Border
Guide ; Courier
Gua (libro)
Guidebook
Horario
Timetable
Itinerario
Itinerary
Llegada
Arrival
Maleta
Suitcase
Mapa
Map
Ticket machine
Oficina de informacin
Information office
Pasajero
Passenger
Pasaporte
Passport
Fare
Regreso ; Vuelta
Return
Reserva
Reservation
Retraso
Delay
Sala de espera
Waiting room
106
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Salida
Departure
Seguro de viajes
Travel insurance
Taquilla
Ticket office
Tarjeta de identidad
Identity card
Turismo
Tourism
Turista
Tourist
Viajante ; Viajero
Traveller
Viaje
Journey ; Trip
Viaje de ida
Outward journey
Viaje de negocios
Business trip
Viaje de novios
Honeymoon
Viaje de recreo
Pleasure trip
Viaje de turismo
Holiday
Viaje organizado
Organized tour
Visado
Visa
Visado de estancia
Permit to stay
107
VOCABULARY
BOATS
Bote de remo
Rowing boat
/ruin(g)bout/
Velero
Sailboat
/silboutt/
Canca
Canoe
/kanu/
Bote salvavidas
Lifeboat
/lifboutt/
Lancha a motor
Speedboat
/sspidbout/
Barco
Ship
/shipp/
Barco de crucero
Cruise liner
/cruslinneer/
Yate
Yatch
/itt/
Ferry
Ferry
/frii/
Balsa
Raft
/rafttt/
Exercise:
Heres what you have to do: we have 10 people who always get seasick (se
marean por el mar). You need to come up with a sentence, using the vocabulary
above and sayind who gets seasick and where.
108
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Shelly
Barco
Peter
Bote salvavidas
Ashley
Transbordador/ Ferry
109
Natalie
Canoa
Nick
Lancha a motor
http://vimeo.com/40004005
How can you make the most of your life / this year / this week / today / this class / this
moment?
And now, I would like YOU to plan a trip around your itinerary. You also have to decide
what youre going to do in each country. Then, you can write an essay about your trip.
110
Unit 3
B1
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B1 UNIT 3
QUESTIONS REVIEW: BASIC RULES
These rules apply to most written and spoken questions.
Can you tell me the time (NOT: Do you can tell me the time?)
Have you seen John? (NOT: Do you have seen John?)
Are you ready? (NOT: Do are you ready?)
4.Infinitive after do
After do we use the infinitive (without to)
What does the boss want? (NOT: What does the boss wants?)
Did you go climbing last week? (NOT: Did you went climbing last week?)
111
When was your reservation made? (NOT: When was made your reservation?)
Where are the President and his family staying? (NOT: Where are staying the
President)
More examples:
Which costs more- the blue one or the grey one? (NOT: Which does cost
more?)
Which type of battery lasts longest? (NOT: Which type of battery does last
longest?)
How many people work in your office? (NOT: How many people do work in your
office?)
NOTE: Do can be used after a subject question word for emphasis, to insist on an
answer.
Well, tell us, what did happen when your father found you?
So, who did marry the princess in the end?
112
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EXERCISE 1:
Ask questions for the following answers:
A:
Hello. Youd like to open a savings account with our bank, correct?
B:
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
Mark Abreu.
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
A B R E U.
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
33168.
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
Its a house.
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
A:
________________________________________________?
B:
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EXERCISE 2 - READING
Adventure Tours
These questions and answers are from the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
page of a website for Adventure Tour Company. After you read them, answer the
questions on the next page.
All sorts! Theres no typical customer profile. We have young people and older people,
men and women, and people from many countries.
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Our prices typically include all the fees for the guides and instructors and the
accommodations. Prices don't usually include travel, lift passes, lunches, personal
insurance, or rental of equipment.
Circle T if the statement is true and circle F if the statement is false according to
Adventure Tours FAQ.
115
8. T / F The guides and instructors with the company are very well trained.
9. T / F The company provides the equipment that its customers use.
10. T / F If you are with a group, its possible that you can get a better price.
VOCABULARY
BEDROOM FOURNISHING
Mesilla de noche
Bedside locker
/bedsaidd_lka/
Lmpara
Lamp
/lamp/
Edredn
Duvet
/duvvei/
Funda de almohada
Pillow case
/pilu_keiss/
Albarnoz
Bathrobe
/bathrub/
Sbana
Sheet
/sshitt/
Cama de matrimonio
Double bed
/dabol_bdd/
Cama individual
Single bed
/ssngol_bdd/
Litera
Bunk bed
/bank_bdd/
Sof cama
Sofa bed
/ssofa_bdd/
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EXERCISE:
Based on the pictures bellow and following our example, practice the vocabulary above
by creating the exact type of sentence as before.
EXAMPLE:
505 /5th
Mesilla de noche /
ms bonita
Answer: The people in room 505 on the fifth floor want nicer bedside lockers,
326 /3rd
Lmpara / ms
grande
117
702 / 7th
Edredn / ms ligero
632 / 6th
Funda de almohada
/ ms pequea
963 / 9th
Albornoz / ms
grueso
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865 / 8th
Sbana / ms
blanca
102 / 1st
Cama de matrimonio /
ms blanda
367 / 3rd
Cama individual / ms
grande
119
759 / 7th
Litera / ms alta
105 / 1st
Sof cama / ms cmoda
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Fully furnished flat available to rent from 1st of September. Quiet residential area.
800$ per calendar month. Tel: xxxxxx
121
Hi Julia,
You're so lucky! I'd love to move out of my awful one room flat. It's in such a dilapidated
building. You go into a draughty hall down a chilly corridor and into this really cramped
room. I want to buy a place of my own but there's a shortage of affordable housing here and
I don't want to take out a big mortgage Id love to see your house. I hope youll invite me to
your house-warming party
Big hug.
Mave
Collocations with home
She left home to go to university, but moving away from her family
made her feel homesick.
Peter's back from a year abroad. His family are throwing a party to
welcome him home.
(To a guest who's just arrived) Come in and make yourself at home while I
finish getting dinner ready. [relax and make yourself comfortable]
I haven't lived in Oxford for long but I already feel at home there.
I'd like to buy a second home near the coast. [house used only for
weekends, holidays, etc.
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2 Look at B. Match the beginning of each sentence on the left with its ending
on the right.
1 We want to turn our garage into a
party.
house-warming
mortgage.
my own.
granny flat.
my flat.
the garden.
old houses.
refurbished.
123
GRAMMAR:
Which and What: the difference
Which and what are often both possible, with little difference of meaning.
3.Which of
Before another determiner (e.g. the, my, these) or a pronoun we use: which of
124
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Which of your teachers do you like best? (NOT: Who / What of your
teachers.)
Exercise 1:
Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using either which or what.
1
________ would you prefer, the onion soup or the prawn cocktail?
________ dress shall I wear, the red one or the blue one?
10
125
I can read you like an open book! (NOT: .an opened book)
Are the banks open this afternoon? (NOT: Are the banks opened?)
Opened is used as the past tense and past participle of the verb open, to talk about
the action of opening:
Could you turn / switch the radio on? (NOT: .open the radio)
Who left the taps turned on? (NOT: Who left the taps open?)
Exercise 1:
Complete the text. For each of the missing words you have been given the initial
and the last letters. - open or opened?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
her eyes and saw she was alone.
this afternoon?
126
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Exercise 2
True or false (correct or incorrect):
VOCABULARY
BULLFIGHTING
Being a Spaniard and not having to talk about bulls is almost impossible. As it is
something completely fascinating for foreigners, heres some useful vocabulary you
may need when you have to talk about this topic.
Los toros / tauromaquia
Bullfighting
Torero
Bullfighter / Matador
Capote
Cape
Espada
Sword
Traje de luces
Bullfighing costume
127
Banderilla
Spear
Plaza de toros
Bullring
Burladero
Barrier
Corrida de toros
Bullfight
Pitn
Horn
Exercise:
Apart from practicing the vocabulary above, heres an exercise that can also be
considered a review of the interrogative tense.
Imagine you are talking to an English friend of yours who doesnt stop asking you
questions about bullfighting.
Heres an example:
The bulls cuernos didnt touch the torrero - But why didnt the bulls horns
touch the bullfighter?
Now, its your turn. Do the same with all the sentences below:
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
Wimbledon vocabulary
Saque directo
Ace
/iss/
Saque
Serve
/sservv/
Doble falta
Double fault
/dabol_folt/
Falta de pie
Foot fault
/futt_foltt/
Puntuacin
Score
/ssko/
Set
Set
/sstt/
Volea
Volley
/vvolii/
Revs
Backhand
/bkhhandd/
Raqueta
Racket
/rkitt/
Juez de silla
Umpire
/ammpaia/
Listening exercise:
For those of you who are into tennis, heres a video you might want to watch. After
watching it, answer the questions below:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=I6MK0tdAlYI
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1.The club where the competition takes place every year is called
a)The Old England Club
b)The All England Club
c)The New England Club
Exercise 2:
You went to a friend of yours who lives in London. There is the Wimbledon Tournament
and you would like to go see it. You love tennis, whereas your friend is not very keen
on it, so he starts complaining about everything.
Use there are too many , there arent enough ..
Example:
Saque directo
rpido
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
There are too many fast aces in this match, aren`t there?
rbitro indeciso
Puntuacin alta
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GRAMMAR
PHRASAL VERBS AND EXPRESSIONS WITH THE VERB TO COME
FOCUS POINT 1 :
WHEN IT COMES TO. - CUANDO SE TRATA DE , EN CUANTO A , EN LO
QUE SE REFIERE A
Translation exercise:
Cuando se trata de su familia, ella es muy cauta con todo lo que dice.
FOCUS POINT 2:
IF IT COMES TO THAT - EN TAL CASO , SI LLEGAMOS A ESO
Translation exercise 2:
FOCUS POINT 3:
COME TO THINK OF IT AHORA QUE LO PIENSO, PENSNDOLO BIEN
Translation exercise 3:
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FOCUS POINT 4
COME TO + VERB llegar a hacer algo en el pasado
This expression is one that we normally used with a past tense.
Example: Its what we have come to expect from them. (Es lo que hemos llegado a
esperar de ellos)
Translation exercise 4:
FOCUS POINT 5
COME TO + PASSIVE VERB
Example: His attitude came to be seen as a problem for the whole team.
Translation exercise 5:
I was depressed when you phoned (NOT: I was being depressed when you
phones.)
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*Note the difference between: Hes being sick (hes vomiting) and Hes sick. (Hes
ill)
BE WITH AUXILIARY DO
Normally, be is used without the auxiliary do
Dont be silly!
Do be careful!
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
I thought we were saying goodbye forever. But we were to meet again, many
years later, under very strange circumstances.
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
BE AND HAVE
1. Physical conditions: hunger, thirst, etc
To talk about experiencing hunger, thirst, heat, cold and other common physical
conditions, we normally use be or feel + adjective and NOT have + noun.
Note the following expressions:
Be thirsty
Be warm
Be hot
Be cold
Be sleepy
Be afraid
Note also: be right / be wrong (tener razn / no tener razn), be lucky (tener
suerte)
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
VOCABULARY
INTERESTING FACTS:
The word gymnasium comes from
the Greek word
gymnazein
which means
to exercise naked
Mini fact I: The first two letters of the Greek alphabet alpha and beta- have given us
the word alphabet
Mini fact II: Greek is one of the few European languages where the word no does
not have an n sound
Mini fact III: Greeks consume more olives per person than any other group of
people
Mini fact I: The new pawn (peon) move, where pawns were allowed to advance two
squares on its first move instead of one, was introduced in Spain in 1280
Mini fact II: The number of possible, unique game is far greater than the number of
electrons in the universe
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Mini fact I: The substitution of God for good in Goodbye was also because of the
influence of the phrases good day and good night
Mini fact II: The word ciao in Italian means both hello and goodbye, although it
originally meant servant in Venetian
Mini fact III: Hello is a very new word in English. It didnt appear until the 1830s.
VOCABULARY FORENSICS
Autopsia
Autopsy
Alterar
Tamper with
Evidencia
Evidence
Crime scene
Sospechoso
Suspect
Cmplice
Accomplice
Coartada
Alibi
Corazonada
Hunch
Mvil
Motive
Testigo
witness
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Ingls
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USEFUL VOVABULARY:
We need to get to the bottom of this (Necesitamos llegar al fondo de esto)
Some examples:
We havent figured out his motive yet. We need to get to the bottom of this. (No
hemos descubierto cul era su mvil an. Necesitamos llegar hasta el fondo de esto)
His alibi doesnt match the witnesss testimony. We need to get to the bottom of
this. (Su coartada no coincide con el testimonio del testigo. Necesitamos llegar hasta
el fondo de esto)
The evidence will help us get to the bottom of the issue. (La pruebas nos ayudarn
a llegar hasta el fondo del asunto)
Exercise:
Now, imagine you are the head of the Police Department and you need to get to the
bottom of each of the cases below.
Following the example, do the same with the rest of the sentences:
Necesitamos una
autopsia
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Tengo una
corazonada
Debemos descubrir
cul fue su mvil
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
Necesitamos encontrar
al sospechoso y al
cmplice
Necesitamos encontrar
al testigo
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GRAMMAR
Reflexive and ergative verbs
Reflexive verbs
1 The reflexive pronouns (see pronouns) are:
Singular:
Plural:
We use a reflexive pronoun after a transitive verb when the direct object is the
same as the subject of the verb:
I am teaching myself to play the piano.
Be careful with that knife. You might cut yourself.
These are the verbs most often found with reflexive pronouns:
cut
dry
enjoy
hurt
introduce
kill
prepare
teach
Some verbs change their meaning slightly when they have a reflexive pronoun as
direct object:
amuse
apply
busy
content
behave
blame
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
distance
express
find
help
see
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Ergative verbs
1. Ergative verbs are both transitive and intransitive:
Transitive: N + V + N
Intransitive: N + V
Transitive: N + V + N
Intransitive: N + V
begin
break
change
close
drop
crack
dry
end
finish
grow
improve
increase
move
open
shake
start
stop
tear
turn
bake
boil
cook
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
defrost
freeze
melt
roast
back
crash
drive
fly
reverse
run
sail
start
stop
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EXERCISE 1:
Read the sentences and choose a verb from the box above that fits into both of
the sentences: improve, crack, ring, turn, freeze, tear, play, begin, sail, change,
fire, boil
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
a)He never did a decent days work . Im surprised they did nothim a long time
ago.
b)Without warning the soldiers started to
Answer:
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GRAMMAR 2
Delexical verbs: have, take, make, give
We often use common verbs like have and take with nouns like a shower, a drink:
I took a shower. = I showered.
She had a drink. = She drank something.
We call these delexical verbs because the important part of the meaning is taken out
of the verb and put into the noun.
We often put adjectives in front of the noun:
I took a cold shower.
She had a nice, refreshing drink.
The verbs used most frequently in this way are:
have
take
make
give
HAVE
We use have with:
Food and drink: a meal, breakfast, lunch, dinner, a snack, a cup of tea
Talking: a chat, a conversation, a discussion, a talk
Washing: a bath, a shower, a wash, a scrub
Resting: a break, a holiday, a rest
Disagreeing: an argument, a dispute, a fight, a quarrel
I had a good breakfast before I left home.
We had a long talk about the problem.
The kids should have a bath before they go to bed.
She generally had a short holiday in July or August.
They had a serious quarrel about their fathers will.
We also use have with nouns formed from verbs:
I think you should have a look at this.
She had a bite of the cake.
Im thirsty. Im going to have a drink of water.
I had a listen to that new CD in the car.
They are going to have a swim.
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
Exercise 1 :
Use the correct expressions with 'have' to complete the sentences:
Have an argument / have a look / have a shower / had a nice chat / having dinner /
have a holiday
TAKE
We use take with:
Washing: a bath, a shower, a wash
Resting: a break, a holiday, a rest
I always take a cold shower in the morning.
You look tired. You need to take a break.
and with these words:
care
a turn
trouble
a chance
a decisin (also
make a decision)
care of
turns
the trouble
a risk
a photograph
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Exercise 2:
Use the correct expressions with 'take' to complete the sentences: take care / take
risks / take some great photo / take a break / take a hot bath / decision to take
1.Sometimes I like to..at the end of the day. The hot water helps me relax.
2.Ok, lets. Well start again in half an hour.
3.Im going to the bathroom. Can you.of my bags for a moment?
4.If you want to succeed in business, you have to be ready to.
5.Going to work in another country was a difficult..
6. We .in Egypt. Would you like to have a look?
GIVE
We use give with:
Noises: a cry, a laugh, a scream, a shout, a whistle
Facial expressions: a smile, a grin, a look, a glance
Hitting: a kick, a punch, a slap, a push, a knock, a blow
Affectionate actions: a hug, a kiss, a stroke
Talking: some advice, an answer, some information, an interview,
a lecture, some news, a report, a speech, a talk, a warning
She gave a loud laugh.
John gave a happy smile.
He gave me a nasty kick on the leg.
She gave the children a goodnight kiss and put them to bed.
I have to give a speech at the meeting tomorrow.
Exercise 3:
Use the correct words to complete the expressions with 'give' in the sentences.
Some advice / a smile / an answer / a scream / a hug / a push
1.Dont look so sad, said the photographer . Give me
2.Its lovely to see you again, my grandmother said. Give me.!
3.I know its not really mu business, but do you mind if I give you?
4.My car wont start. Will you give me.?
5.Thats an extremely good question. Ill give you .in the next lesson.
6.When she saw the spider, she gave .and ran from the room.
150
Ingls
NIVEL B1
MAKE
We use make with:
Talking and sounds: a comment, an enquiry, a noise, a point,
a promise, a sound, a speech, a suggestion
Plans: arrangements, a choice, a decision, a plan, plans, an appointment, a date
Try not to make a noise.
They made arrangements to meet the next day.
Exercise 4:
Complete the sentences with the right expression:
1.Shh! Dont The babys asleep.
2.Cant we visit mum tomorrow?
No. We .to call on her today
3.My brother asked me to..at his wedding. Im terrified!
4.Can I.? Why dont we ask Phill if he can help us?
5.Sorry, I cant meet you this weekend. Ive already..
6.Hello, Id like to to see the doctor, please.
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VOCABULARY
Hell*
God*
Jesus*
Christ*
Sexual activity:
Lavatory:
Piss***
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
2.SWEARWORDS
All of the words listed above, and a few others, are used in swearing. The meaning of a
swearword is always different from its literal (taboo) meaning
a)Exclamation of annoyance
Damn (it)!
God damn!
Hell!
My God!
Jesus!
Christ!
Jesus Christ!
Examples of use:
Exclamation of surprise:
(My)God!
Jesus!
Examples of use:
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c)surprised questions
Example of use:
d)Insult
Note that these nouns generally have no real meaning. They simply express a strong
emotion such as hatred, anger, envy or contempt.
Bastard
Shit
Examples of use:
You bastard!
Damn..!
Examples of use:
Piss off!
Examples of use:
*In British English pissed means drunk and pissed off means fed up
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Ingls
NIVEL B1
Examples of use:
They can come and arrest me if they want. I dont give a damn!
h)Intensifying adjective/adverb
damn(ed)
bloody
goddamn
Examples of use:
*When these words are used before verbs, the word well is often added in British
English:
Just for your entertainment, heres a video you full of taboo and swearwords, in case
you want to watch it! (AWARNING: IT CAN GET A BIT BLOODY)
http://www.watchsouthparkonline.net/season-5/episode-2-it-hits-the-fan/
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