Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
En
la
naturaleza
son
un
constituyente esencial de los seres
vivos.
The structure of glucose, a simple sugar. Any molecule can be represented in several ways. In
the structural formulas shown in (A), (B) and (E), the atoms are shown as chemical symbols linked
together by lines representing the covalent bonds. The thickened lines here are used to indicate the
plane of the sugar ring, in an attempt to emphasize that the -H and -OH groups are not in the same
plane as the ring. (A) The open-chain form of this sugar, which is in equilibrium with the more stable
cyclic or ring form in (B). (C) A ball-and-stick model in which the three-dimensional arrangement of
the atoms in space is shown. (D) A space-filling model, which, as well as depicting the threedimensional arrangement of the atoms, also uses the van der Waals radii to represent the surface
contours of the molecule. (E) The chair form is an alternative way to draw the cyclic molecule that
reflects the geometry more accurately than the structural formula in (B). The atoms in (C) and (D)
are drawn according to the conventional color coding for atoms. For example, these colors are H,
white; C, black; O, red; N, blue
o cadena abierta.
Como
cadena
abierta
los
azcares
contienen un nmero de OH y un grupo
aldehdo (-HC=O) o grupo cetnico (C=O) y
se denominan aldosas o cetosas.
Estos grupos juegan un rol especial:
Pueden reaccionar con un OH en la misma
mol para formar un anillo (reconocible
porque es el nico unido a dos oxgenos)
Este mismo carbono puede unirse a otro
que lleve OH para crear disacridos,
oligosacridos
(tri,
tetra,
y
as
sucesivamente),
y
polisacridos
que
contienen miles de monosacridos.
Monosacridos
Disacridos
Oligosacridos y
Polisacridos
Hidrlisis de la Lactosa.
1. Galactosa. 2. Glucosa
Sacarosa:
(glucosa + fructosa):
Es
el disacrido ms abundante y la
principal forma en la cual los glcidos
son transportados en las plantas.
Es
Se
el azcar de mesa.
la
unin
de
una
gran
cantidad
de
monosacridos.
son cadenas, ramificadas o no, de ms de diez
monosacridos con la prdida de varias
molculas de agua
Los
Debido a que un
monosacrido tiene
varios OH libres que
pueden formar
enlaces con otros
monosacridos, los
polmeros pueden
ser ramificados y el
numero de
estructuras es
grande.
Ej. Disacrido de
glucosa= 11 formas
diferentes
Es mas difcil
determinar el
arreglo en un
polisacrido que la
seq. de DNA
Eleven disaccharides consisting of two D-glucose units. Although these differ only in the type of linkage
between the two glucose units, they are chemically distinct. Since the oligosaccharides associated with
proteins and lipids may have six or more different kinds of sugar joined in both linear and branched
arrangements through glycosidic bonds such as those illustrated here, the number of distinct types of
oligosaccharides that can be used in cells is extremely large.