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Differential Protection of Transformer | Differential Relays | Electrical4u

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.........Previous
Transformer winding resistance measurement
Transformer Ratio Test
Vector Group Test of Transformer
Dielectric Test of Transformer
Temperature Rise Test of Transformer
Transformer Impulse Test
Sweep Frequency Response Analysis
Tan Delta or Dissipation Factor Test
Over Fluxing in Transformer
Earthing or Grounding Transformer
External & Internal Faults in Transformer
Backup Protection of Transformer
Differential Protection of Transformer
Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Maintenance of Transformer
Distribution Transformer
Air Core Transformer
High Voltage Transformer
Differential Protection Scheme
Principle of Differential Protection
Generally Differential protection is provided in the electrical
power transformer rated more than 5MVA.
The Differential Protection of Transformer has many
advantages over other schemes of protection.
1) The faults occur in the transformer inside the insulating oil can be
detected by Buchholz relay. But if any fault occurs in the transformer
but not in oil then it can not be detected by Buchholz relay. Any flash
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Differential Protection of Transformer | Differential Relays | Electrical4u

over at the bushings are not adequately covered by Buchholz relay.

Differential relays can detect such type of faults. Moreover
Buchholz relay is provided in transformer for detecting any internal
fault in the transformer but Differential Protection scheme detects
the same in more faster way.
2) The differential relays normally response to those faults which
occur in side the differential protection zone of transformer.

Differential Protection
Scheme in a Power
Transformer
Principle of Differential Protection
Principle of Differential Protection scheme is one simple
conceptual technique. The differential relay actually compares
between primary current and secondary current of power
transformer, if any unbalance found in between primary and
secondary currents the relay will actuate and inter trip both the
primary and secondary circuit breaker of the transformer.
Suppose you have one transformer which has primary rated current
Ip and secondary current Is . If you install CT of ratio Ip/1A at primary
side and similarly, CT of ratio Is /1A at secondary side of the
transformer. The secondaries of these both CTs are connected
together in such a manner that secondary currents of both CTs will
oppose each other. In other words, the secondaries of both CTs
should be connected to same current coil of differential relay in such
a opposite manner that there will be no resultant current in that coil
in normal working condition of the transformer. But if any major fault
occurs inside the transformer due to which the normal ratio of the
transformer disturbed then the secondary current of both
transformer will not remain the same and one resultant current will
flow through the current coil of the differential relay, which will
actuate the relay and inter trip both the primary and secondary
circuit breakers. To correct phase shift of current because of star
delta connection of transformer winding in case of three phase
transformer, the current transformer secondaries should be
connected in delta and star as shown here.

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Differential Protection of Transformer | Differential Relays | Electrical4u

At maximum through fault current, the spill output produced by the

small percentage unbalance may be substantial. Therefore,
differential protection of transformer should be provided with a
proportional bias of an amount which exceeds in effect the maximum
ratio deviation.
Objective Questions on Transformer (MCQs)

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