HEOGRAPIYA NG ROMA

Matatagpuan ito sa mga ilog ng Tevere at Aniene, malapit sa Dagat Mediterranean,

sa 4154 N 1229 E. Ang Roma ang pinakamalaking lungsod sa Italya at ang bayan nito ang isa sa
pinakamalalaki sa Roma, na may lawak ng 1290 km. Madali nitong malalakihan ang iba pang mga
lungsod ng Italya pati na rin ang mga lungsod tulad ng Paris, Berlin, Stockholm, o Brussel. May
populasyon ito ng 2 546 807 (2004) na may halos 4 milyong naninirahan sa kalakhan.

JULIUS CEASAR
(July 100 BC 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general, statesman, Consul, and notable
author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman
Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed
a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass
power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservative ruling class within the Roman
Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. Caesar's victories in
the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, extended Rome's territory to the English Channel and
the Rhine. Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both when he built a bridge across the
Rhine and conducted the first invasion of Britain.

CONSTANTINE
Also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337.
Constantine was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his
consort Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west in 293. Constantine was
sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under the
emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was raised to the rank of Augustus, senior
western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia.
Acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eburacum (York) after his father's death in 306, Constantine
emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become
sole ruler of both west and east by 324.

LUCIUS ANNAEUS SENECA

Was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and in one work humorist, of
the Silver Age of Latin literature.
He was tutor and later advisor to emperor Nero. While he was forced to commit suicide for alleged
complicity in the Pisonian conspiracy to assassinate Nero, he may have been innocent. His father
was Seneca the Elder, his elder brother was Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus, calledGallio in the
Bible, and his nephew was the poet Lucan.

PLEBIANS
the plebs was the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as
determined by the census. Shopkeepers, crafts people, and skilled or unskilled workers might
be plebeian (/plbin/; Latin: plebeius). From the 4th century BC or earlier, some of the most
prominent and wealthy Roman families, as identified by their gens name, were of plebeian status
(see Roman naming conventions). Literary references to the plebs, however, usually mean the
ordinary citizens of Rome as a collective, as distinguished from the elitea sense retained by
"plebeian" in English. In the very earliest days of Rome, plebeians were any tribe without advisers to
the King. In time, the word - which is related to the Greek word for crowd, plethos - came to mean
the common people.

MGA NA AMBAG NG ROMA

AQUEDUCT- Bridges for conveying water, called aqueducts or water bridges are constructed to
convey watercourses across gaps such as valleys or ravines. The term aqueduct may also be used
to refer to the entire watercourse, as well as the bridge. Large navigable aqueducts are used as
transport links forboats or ships. Aqueducts must span a crossing at the same level as the
watercourses on each end. The word is derived from the Latin aqua ("water") and ducere ("to
lead").A modern version of an aqueduct is a pipeline bridge.
VAULT- Is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or
roof.[1] The parts of a vault exert lateral thrust that requires a counter resistance. When vaults are
built underground, the ground gives all the resistance required. However, when the vault is built
above ground, various replacements are employed to supply the needed resistance. An example is
the thicker walls used in the case of barrel or continuous vaults. Buttresses are used to supply
resistance when intersecting vaults are employed.
AMPHITHEATER- Is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The
term derives from the ancient Greek (amphitheatron),] from (amphi), meaning "on
both sides" or "around"[5] and (thtron), meaning "place for viewing".
Ancient Greek theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating above a performance
area. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded
the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. Modern usage for "amphitheater" is
lax, and does not always respect the ancient usage, and so the word can be found
describing theatre-style stages with the audience only on one side, theatres in the round,
and stadiums. Natural formations shaped like man-made theatres are sometimes known as natural
amphitheatres. The three largest Roman amphitheatres (in the original sense) in the world in order
of size are the Colosseum, theAmphitheatre Campania and the Amphitheatre of El Djem.