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BIBLIOTHEK
INDOGERMANISCHER GRAMMATIKEN
BEARBEITET VON

P.

BtJOHELEE, H. HUBSOHMANN, A. LESKIEN,

E.

SIEVERS, H. WEBEK, W. D. WHITNEY,

BAND

II.

E.

G.

MEYEE,

WINDISOH.

ANHANG II.

THE KOOTS, VERB-FORMS, AND PRIMARY DERITATIVES OF THE

SANSKRIT LANGUAGE. A SirppLEMENT TO HIS SANSKRIT
grammar; by William D wight Whitney.

-m

1 -

LEIPZIG,

DRUCK UND VERLAG VON BREITKOPF UND HARTEL.

1885.

THE

EOOTS, VEEB-FOEMS,
AND
*

*-

>

PRIMARY DERIVATtVES
OF THE

SANSKRIT LANGUAGE.
A SUPPLE]\IENT TO HIS SANSKRIT GRAMMAR,
BY

WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY,

PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT AND COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY IN YALE COLLEGE.

THIS

WORK

IS COPYRIGHT.

LEIPZIG,
BREITKOPF AND HARTEL.
LONDON, TRUBNER &

Co. 57

ENTD

AND

59,

STA. HALL.

1885.

LUDGATE

HILL,

E. C.

8.

' .

:
......

(The Right of Translation and Reproduction

JO^ /O

Printers: Lreitkopf

it

Kartel, Leipzig.

is

reserved.)

PREFACE.
ihis work

my

Sanskrit

is

intended especially as a Supplement to

Grammar

with a ful-

giving,

(Leipzig, 1879),

ness of detail that was not then practicable, nor admissible

grammar

as part of the

itself,

all

the quotable roots of the

language, with the tense and conjugation-systems

them, and with the noun and adjective

formations that attach

ticipial)

the verb

and

made from

(infinitival

and par-

themselves most closely to

with the other derivative noun and

further,

adjective-stems usually classed as primary: since these also

one would have a comprehensive view of

the value of a given root in the language. And everything
are needed,

given

if

dated, with such accuracy as the information thus

is

hand allows
throughout its whole
in

far

My

whether

found

the

in

language

history, or limited to a certain period.

leading authority has necessarily been that magni-

thesaurus

ficent

of

authentic

Sanskrit language of every

information

respecting

the

the great St. Peters-

period,

have gone
carefully over
excerpting all the material needed for my
So far, indeed, as concerns the epic and claspurpose.
sical literature, the Lexicon has been almost my sole source,
burg Lexicon of Bohtlingk and Roth,

This

since

my own

collections

for

verification

or

of additional

though not wholly wanting have yet been altogether insignificant as compared with it. But in the older
language, of Veda and Brahman a and Upanishad and Sutra,
I have, namely,
I have done much more independent work.
material

With

its

abbreviation

and supplement

the minor lexicon of Boht-

lingk, so far as this has yet appeared: namely, in the

rajaka;

in the Additions

and Corrections,

to the

end

hody of the work,

of

1.

to

Preface.

vi

gone over all the texts of the earlier period accessible to

me. including- (by the kindness of Professor Weber) the as
yet unpublished Kausitaki-Brahmana and Kathaka, and by
the kindness of the late Dr. Burnell) the immense Jaiminiya
which has as yet hardly been
or Talavakara - Brahmana
and from them I have exaccessible to any one else
cerpted all the noteworthy verl)al forms and (less completely)
,

primary derivatives;

the

verifying

thus

and occasionally
supplying chance

correcting the material of the Lexicon,

omissions, and especially filling in not a few details which

it

had not

the design of that

in

lain

work

present in

to

their entirety.

As a matter
can pretend

of course

nor

appearance.

to completeness, especially at its first

The only important

verbal

no such work as the present

texts

we have

of which

exhaustive

indexes are the Kig-Veda and the Atharva-Veda.

is it

known

that

where such indexes

any other

preparation: and only

can the inclusion of

exist

But

text contains be assured.

the measure

is in

of completeness

all

that

I trust it will

be found that

here attained

is

in

general

proportioned to the importance of the material: that

the

more

indifferent

forms and derivatives which,

been passed over by the Lexicon, have escaped

my

it

is

having
glean-

expect to continue the work of verification and

addition, and to make an eventual future edition perceptibly
nearer to perfection in its details, and possessing such im-

ing also.

provements in plan as
of others

may

my own

suggest.

It

experience and the criticisms

is

unnecessary to add that

The extant texts of which I have most painfully felt the lack are:
The (Cashmere) Paippalada Atharva-Veda, which is in Professor PiOth's hands
1

alone; the latter half of the Maitrayaiii-Samhita, as yet -wanting in Schroder's

and the Kapisthala-Samhita; and the unpublished Sutras, as the

Apastamha (every new number of Garhe's edition of which brings valuable

edition,

additional items of material) and the Qankhayana.

2

conspectus

of

the work

criticisms and suggestions,

with specimens

and with invitation of

was published in the Proceedings

Oriental Society for May, 1882 (Journ.

Am.

Or. Soc,

of the

vol. xi..

American

pp. cxvii

ff.);

and a leaf of specimens, with certain improvements, was sent out somewhat
later to

many

Sanskrit scholars; but nothing was received in return.

Preface.

vii

and aclditious of any kind will be welcomed by

me. and dnly acknowledged.
Of tlie verb-forms wliicli, tlioug-li not yet found
and.
corrections

most part, destined never

for the

liberal

presentation

be found

made under

is

recorded

in

by the Hindu grammarians,

use, are prescribed or authorized

to

the

different

roots:

such material being always distinguished from the other by

being put in square brackets. It is in no part given at

hand, but only as reported by Western authorities: the

Lexicon Westergaard's Radices
and the various Euro-

first

pean grammars:

tradict one another

them

is

of these supplement rather than con-

all

and

passed over, as relating

consequence

to

disagreement among
a matter of too little

an}^ occasional
to

be worth reporting.

The periods

the

in

of the

life

language

which are

acknowledged and distinguished by appropriate notation are

six: the Veda (marked with v.), the Brahmana (with b.),
the earlier or more genuine Upanishads (with u.)
the
Sutras (with s.)
the epics, Mahabharata and Ramaj^ana
(with E.), and the classical or common Sanskrit (with c).
This classification, however, is by no means an absolute one,
and calls for certain explanations and limitations, as follows.
Under 'Veda' (v.) are included only the indexed texts
of the Rig-Veda. Sama-Veda. and Atharva-Veda. In strictness, certain passages of the Atharva-Veda should have been
excluded, as being in prose and Brahmana-like and, what
is of much more importance, the older and better part of
.

the maw^ra-material in the various samliitaB of the Yajur-

Veda

in the

as good

Veda

Brahmanas

it

ion-line

otherwise

than

drawn

it.

lected from all places

soon

in the Siitras

some of

to

it

quite

is

even as

In the present condition of things, how-

did not seem to

wliich I have

ought

and even

as most of the Atharvan,

parts of the Rik.

ever,

be)

it

me
in

the

When

partly

arbitrary

the mantra-msiterial

divis-

way
is

in

col-

means

(as

it

by

be possible

to

use the term

and compared
will

draw the

practicable to

all

Veda' in a more exact sense, both inclusively and exclusively

though between what

is

genuinely

old

and what

Preface.

Vlll

is

au

in

antique style a definite separation will

artificially

probably never admit of being made.

It is further to be stated that in the following
nothing

intended to be marked with simple

is

not occur

that does

Vedic, though
is

marked

the Rig-Veda;

in

may be

it

the other hand,

if

Vedas

is

not Rig-

is

found in both the other collections,

as the

or both,

av., or sv.,

as 'Vedic',

v.,

what

lists

may

case

be.

On

anything occurring only in the Rik among

found also in later periods, the fact that

it does not chance to be met with in the Atharvan or Saman is too unimportant to notice, and (save perhaps in
the three

exceptional cases)

it

marked

is

v.b. or the like.

Between Brahmana, Aranyaka, and Upanishad, again,

and perhaps
the line of division is an evanescent one
hardly worth the attempt at drawing. But I have followed
the method of distinguishing by a u. the small number
of these treatises that have an existence separate from
Brahmana or Aranyaka, while not distinguishing the two
,

from one another. The sign u. is the one of least

importance and least frequency in the system adopted.

latter

The

division of Sutras

(s.)

a plainer one

is

except so

far as these treatises contain maw?'ra-material in their

verses

already

(as

intimated)

also in their quoted formulas.

Sutras

themselves

is

true

quoted

and brahmana -muteYinl

The proper language

continuator

of

that

of the
of the

Brahmanas.

As epic

(e.)

are reckoned only the two great poems,

And

the Mahabharata and Ramayana.

in these

it

has.

of

been impossible to distinguish between the older and

the more recent parts; although, beyond a question, a concourse,

siderable

of both

part

is

in

no

manner

distinguishable

except by a degree of
from the general later literature
archaizing neglect of the strict requirements of the native
,

grammar.
Everything

under the head

of classical (c.)
or of the language as written under the
Here the
domination of the native system of grammar.
only subdivision which one is tempted to make is to mark
else that is

Sanskrit

falls

Preface.

ix

and words whieli are foimd used

only in the commentaries, and which are therefore open to
a heightened suspicion of artificiality: but this I have not
separately

forms

those

tried to do.

A
found

pins -sign
to occur

given formation

is

from the specified period onward, even

to

(+)

indicates that the

the latest or classical period.

an individual text is sometimes

yet not upon any very definite and consistent

Instead of a period,
referred to

plan (except in the case of the Vedas

as explained above).

rv^) indicates the number of times

yet this, again, only
a word or form has been met with
and not in the case of every
in exceptional instances
'superior' figure

(e. g.

unique or very rare occurrence.

So far as the present -system

many specimen-forms are given as

mode

of formation.

concerned,

is

suffice to

only

illustrate

so

the

would have been space and time

It

thrown away to instance in each case the various sub-forthat occur, since
modes, participles, imperfect
mations
one form implies clearly enough the possible existence of
The form taken as representative specimen is
the rest.
ordinarily the 3d singular, as being often more characterand that person is even occasionally
istic than the 1st;

given

when

verbs of infrequent use

in

actually quotable.

is

it

not itself

Irregular or exceptional forms, whether

of the earlier or of the later language

are then added in

Everywhere, an appended ^etc' means that

other forms of the same make occur: yet I find on review
that I have not used this sign consistently, and its absence
must not be taken always as indicating more than that the
parenthesis.

variety of forms quotable

is

comparatively small. The various

be given in the
to each is
order of their relative regularity or frequency
prefixed in brackets the number belonging to it in the order

modes of present-formation are intended

to

Hindu grammahowever meaningless and unworthy of re-

of the conjugation-classes as given by the

rians

since

may

widely used, not only in the

grammars, but even by general writers on language.

tention this

be,

it

is still

Preface.
In the other tene-sy stems, while iu the main the same

method

is

followed,

the intention nevertheless

to give,

is

on account of their greater infrequency and irregularity, a

conspectus of the various tense and mode -formations from
the same stem (not, of course
the

Thus,

aorist).

active or middle

aorist

to

which

example,

for

either

is

no

except for

quotable

precative,

designedly omitted under the

belongs;

it

the participles

nor any

quotable conditional

under the first future nor any pluperfect under the perfect.
Moreover, in view of the rarity of the 2d sing, perfect active,
and the useless prolixity of the native rules as to its forma;

every example of

tion,

The order

occur.

is

it

given that has been found

which the

in

to

aorists are presented is the

systematic one, without reference to their frequency of use.

Among

the verbal adjectives and nouns are included

as belonging to the verbal conjugation only the passive par-

and the gerunds (along with that in

-am, the distinction of which from an ordinary adverbially
used accusative is not always easy to draw) the gerundives

ticiple

the infinitives

are quite too loosely attached to the conjugation-system to

be worth treating as a part of

relegated to the

list

and they are accordingly

it,

of derivatives.

Of the secondary

or derivative conjugations

only ex-

amples enough are given to show the form of the stem

unless, indeed
some unusual or irregular forms are met
with, in which case they are duly noted. To cite, for ex,

ample, the innumerable futures and verbals of the causative

conjugation

or

precisely the

The

even

same

from the

aorists,

perfects

all

of

them made upon

would have been wholly useless.

however, since they are made di-

pattern,

causative aorists

rectly

its

root, are of course put along

with the other

save in the exceptional cases where they actually

come from the causative stem

(as atisthipat,

hlbh-isas,

All the tertiary conjugations, not omitting even the

causative passives (any others are quite rare)

etc.).

common

are noted so

far as found.

In the

lists

of derivatives are given not only those of

genuinely primary

character,

but

also

those which have

Preface.

come

xi

assume a primary aspect in the language even

though of incontestably secondary origin: such as the gerundives in -tavya and Vedic -tva (from -tu)
and -anrtja
(from -ana] the nomina agentis in -in, and the various formations in ya (among vrhich hardly any. if any, are really
primary). These are in general placed next after the forms
from which they are presumably derived. Apart from this,
the order of arrangement intended to be pursued is in the
main the alphabetic order of the suffixes, the radical stems
or those vrithout suffix standing at the head; but such an
arrangement could not be very strictly carried out, nor does
any particular importance belong to it. considering how
easily the columns may be glanced over to verify the presence or absence of any given formation: and some inconto

sistencies will doubtless be found.

put after the others, and

Reduplicated stems are

last of all the ^wasi-primitive for-

mations from (secondary, or rarely primary or tertiary) conjugation-stems.

made

Notation of the

same way as

period of occurrence

is

hyphen
put before a stem indicates that it has not been found
quotable otherwise than as posterior member of a compound
one following a stem much more rarely) shows it to occur
in the

only as prior

member

for

the verb-forms.

of a compound, or in derivative stems

or in denominative conjugation.

Throughout the whole work, accent-signs are applied

only where the word is found actually so marked in accentuated texts.
It is,

draw the line everywhere

a root and words that do not

of course, impossible to

between the derivatives of

belong to it; since etymology

is

matter of balancing probabilities,

from beginning

to

end a

and thick-set with unIt has been my intention

and chances of error.

to err rather upon the side of liberality of inclusion than the
opposite
and certainly I have in not a few cases put under
certain roots words as to whose connection with those roots
I have great misgivings
but doubtless also there are words
omitted
by oversight or by failure of judgment which
ought to have been included. All such errors, it is hoped,

certainties

Preface.

Xll

viewed with a reasonable degree of indnlgeuee,

considering the novelty and the extreme laboriousness of
Its main intent is to furnish the means
the undertaking.
will

be

of examining in their

chronologic entirety the

groups of

words and forms that cluster about the so-called roots in

Sanskrit, that they may be studied, and have their relations determined, with more complete understanding: and
that intent will be gained in spite of minor omissions and
Regarding it as primarily an assemblage of
inaccuracies.
materials for study, I have not hastened to anticipate the
results of comparison by penetrating behind the aspect of
things as shown in the Sanskrit language itself, or to reduce the materials to an' Indo-European basis and form of
A few intimations as to the more obviously
statement.
probable connections of certain roots are given in brief notes

end of exposition of forms and derivatives.

The representative form of the roots is naturally that
adopted in the grammar to which this work is a supplement. Although loath to differ from the Petersburg lexicon
upon such a point, I cannot regret having adopted the r

at the

instead of the ar or ra-form

krap) of the

many

(e.

g. kr, krp.

both

roots exhibiting

forms and derivatives.

So long as

instead of

Z-ar,

elements in their

we speak

of the Sanskrit

and not ved, so long it seems to follow that we

ought to speak of the root vrt, and not vart, whatever may
be the Indo-European value of the root in the one case or
The meanings added after the roots by no
in the other.
means claim to be exhaustive they are in general intended
root vid,

only to identify the root.

As a matter

of course,

not a few matters of doubtful

classification present

themselves in connection with the verbforms, of which the scope of the work does not allow a

Such are here and there noted by a questionmark. The classes of forms that contain the most puzzling
problems are the reduplicated ones and the present stems
ending in ya: upon these no new light has been thrown
discussion.

since the publication of the author's

difficulty of their

Grammar,

treatment was noticed.

in

which the

Preface.

xiii

lu the indexes of stems given at the end of the volume,

a classification
historical

is

adopted which

is

intended to

facilitate the

comprehension of the language, by distinguishing-

what belongs respectively to its older and to its later periods

from that which forms a part of it throughout its whole
history.
It

may be added

that the manuscript left

the

author's

hands complete in July, 1884: the delay in its appearance

is owing to his distance from the place of printing and
publication.
I desire to
.

for

express

my

obligation to Professor

Lanman

kindly aiding the accuracy of the work by giving the

proof-sheets an additional revision.

New Haven,

July,

1885.

W.

D.

W.

ABBREVIATIONS.
AA. Aitareya-Araiiyaka.

KB. Kausitaki-Bralimaua.

AB. Aitareya-Brahmaiia.

Kcs. Katyayana-^rauta-Sutra.

ACS. Afvalayana-^rauta-Sutra.

Lcs. Latyayana-^rauta-Sutra.

AGS. A<;valayana-Grhya-Sutra.

M. Mahahharata.

AV. Atharva-Veda.

MS. Maitrayani-Samhita.

A\T.
B,

do.

Paippalada-Text.

Brahmanas.

Mu. Maitri-Upanisad.
PB. Paiicavii'iga-Brahmana.

BAU. Brhad-Aranyaka Upanisad.

pu. Pra^na-Upanisad.

Bo. Bohtlingk's minor Lexicon.

R.

BR. BotMingk and Roth (Lexicon).

Rv. Rig-Veda.

c.

Classical Sanskrit.

^atapatha-Brahmana.

CB.
CCS.

^ankhayana-^rauta-Sutra.

CGS, ^'aiikliayana Grhya-Sutra.

E.

Epic Sanskrit.

s.

Ramayana.
Sutras.

SB.

Sadvln^a-Brahmaua.

sv.

Sama-Veda.

SVB.

Sama-Vidhana-Brahmana.

TA. Taittiriya-Aranyaka.

GB. opatha-Brahmana.

TB. Taittiriya-Brahmaiia.

GGS. Gobhiliya-Grhya-Sutra.

Ts.

Jaiminiya-Brahmana.

Taittirlya-Samhita.

u.

Upanishads.

JUB. Jaiminiya-Upanisad-Brahmana.

V.

Vedas.

K. Kathaka.

vs.

JB.

Vajasaneyi-Samhita.

For further explanations, see the Preface.

SANSKRIT ROOTS, VERB-FORMS, AND

PRIMARY DERIVATIVES.
y auh,
Such

distressing'.

from the derivatives

a root is inferable

anhati rv.

anhu

arLhasv. +

anliiyas

The verb-form anaha

narrow or

'be

anghri?

v.b.

ahi v.+
ahi rv.

aghav.+

b.s.

rv'. is of wholly doubtful

b.

aks,

meaning and connection.

'attain'.

aksat rvI., aksasefE'.

[anaksa,] aksana? rvI.

Present. [1.]
Perfect,

aciksat.

Aorist. [3.

] 5.

aksisus rv*.

aksyati; aksita, asta.]

[Verbal Adjectives and Nouns, asta; aksitva, astva.]
[Future, aksisyati,

[Secondary Conjugations: Passive,

Derivatives

aksistha

aq,

and occurring in a few isolated

Intensive.

Desiderative,

jb.

secondary root-form from

ariij,

vahisthau devanam

Indra and Agni are called aksisthau

forms.
i.

aksya-.

aciksisa-. Causative, aksaya-.]

at jb.

304.

aks, 'mutilate'.

]/ 2
Pres. [5.]
Verb,

-aksnoti

-asta

etc.

av. cb.

v. b.s.

Only used with prefix nis ; does not appear

to

have anything to do with

the preceding root.

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

etc.

angatu

anaiiga

[Sec. Conj.: Caus.

g^A

ang, 'move'.

c'.
etc. etc.]

angayati.]

single occurrence, doubtless artificial, in the Nalodaya.

y
Pres. [1.]

ancati

etc.

ae, ano, 'bend'.

av.+, -te

Perf.

[ananea,] aeire

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

akna

b.

acati

etc.

v.b.,

-te

av.b.s.

etc.

jb.

aneit ; ancisyati, aneita.]

b.s.,

acita

e.,

Whitney, Supplement

II.

aneita e.+ [akta]

-acya

v.b.

-acam
1

b.

Roots, Verb-forms,

ac]

Desid. ancicisa-.]
acyate etc. v.+ [aneyate.
Cans.
ancayati etc. c.
ankav.+
ancanav. +
Deriv.: -anc v.+
anku- V.+
ankas ea'.
-acana s.+
-anein n.
aksua b.s.
ev.
-ancas

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

aj, 'drive'.

Pres. [1.] ajati -te etc. v.+

ajus?

Perf.

Aor.

5.

rv'. [ajitha etc.]

ajisus

lcs'.

[Fut. ajisyati, ajita.]

-ajya s. -aje rv.

Desid. ajijisa-.]
ajyate etc. rv. [
V.+
Deriu.: agra?
ajaka c.
ajman v.
ajanav.+
-ajya v.b.
dj V.
ajirav. +
-aja RV.
ajra?Rv.
ajma rv.
ajvin s.
aja V.+
Verb, -ajita? cb.

Sec. Conj.

Pass,

-ajaB.+
aji v.+

The form ajus only by very doubtful conjecture to rv. v. 6. 10; ajisus
avisus; ajita in -prajita, possibly for prajita (or pra-jita,

variant to av.

anj, 'anoint'.

anakti ankte etc. v. +

ananja b. anaja anajyat

Pres. [7.]

Perf.

[1.

ajyat; anji.

o.

Verb,

] 5.

s'.

etc.

rv.

anjis ta.

Sec. Conj.:
etc. s.

Deriv.

ajyate

Pass,

etc.

v.+

Desid. anjijisa-.]

Caus. anjayati

anga c.
angya c.

-ajya

-aja e.+

anjasv. +

-akti e.+

aiijaka

ajya v.+

anji v.b.

aktu

c.

Pres. [1.] atati -te etc.

[Perf. etc.

anjana

c.

v.

akta

v.b.

at,

'wander.

e.+

ata; atit.]

atisyati

atita

e. [

2.

atita.]

atitva c.
Conj.: atatya-; atitisa-; ataya-.]
c.

Deriv.: -ata

atavi?

c.

atana

c.

atya

c.

ata pb.+

c.

Apparently a modern form of the following root; ata in pb.

name.

rv.

c.

y
1.

b.s.

anjya

[Sec.

anjijat.

anjet

anaje

anksyati anjisyati, ankta anjita.]

akta v. + anktva s., aktva k. [anjitvaj; -ajya

[Fut.

Verb,

[1.]

rv.),

Aor.

Fut.

is a

proper

AND PkIMAKY DERrV'ATITES.

y
Pres. [1.]

atasi atant

Verb, -atita

Deriv.

c.

at, 'wander'

atamana

-atya

b.\*.

s.

atithi ?

atithin rv.c.

B.V.

y
etc.

AoT.

1.

Fut.

1.

adyasam
atsyati

attvun

Verl.

ad,

ev.b.

'eat'.

(adat adan) v.+, adana kv.

jub.

b.s. [

v. +,

3.

2.

atta.J

-tave

v.,

adyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.: -kd\-.+

adasva

[1.]

e.

adidat.]

-tos

anant)

attrin kv.

ana

attrii^atri)

anna

5.

Fut.

1.

Verb,

v.

adya

av. +

(ananti anyat anit) v.+

av.b., -te jb.
[6.] anati (3s.)

anati (anet ana anat

[1.]

av.

v.

ana

etc.

etc.

av.+, -te

anana

vs.

am,

e.

anav. +

anila b.+

e.

'injure'.
v.b.

[1.]

ame

V.B.
cb.

[emana] emusa?

amamat

Verb, [anta,
Sec. Conj.
;

b.s.

anayati

rv.

b.u.

amire
3.

Cans,

-anana
-anatha

-anam

b.;

amisi amiti amanti amit amate amisva

[2.]

Deriv.

adin

an, 'breathe'.

Perf.

v.b.s.

adman

Sec. Conj.: [Desid. aninisat-.

Pres.

rv.

-adya v.+

v.

i)eriu.

adana

attra

anisus av.
2. anita.]
anisyati b. [
anita b. anitum b.; -anya

Aor.

adayate etc. s.
-advan v.
v.+ -advara ce.

v.

attra rv.

etc.

etc.

b.

Cans, adayati b.+,

b.

y
aniti

attavya c.
attrAv.+

-adakaE.+
-adana b. +
adaniya c.

Pres. [2.]

attvaya

b.;

b.+

etc.

atti

-ada AV.+

Aor.

V.

ada, aditha.]

[Perf.

Perf.

atya

atasi Rv.
-ati?

Prcs. [2.] atti

[ay

amita.]

Pass,

rv.

(emusa

cb.)

etc. v.b.

amy ate

ama V.B.
amati v.b.
amati v.b.
amatra rv.

ms

Caus. amayati

ay,

etc. v.b.

ama?v.+

-amana 9B.
amina rv.
amiva v.+
amla v e. +

amana ?

av.ms.

-araaya v.+
-amis v rv.
see

i.

-amajritnu

v.

Roots, Vebb-fokms,

arc]

y arc,
Pres. [1.]

arcati

anarca

Perf.

anreiis

e. +,

nvi.

area

v.+,

etc.

re, 'shine, praise'.

arease

anarcus

v.,

(Is.) rvI.

anrce

b.+,

rv'.

[Aor. arcicat, areit.]

Put. arcisyati

arcita

Verb,

Sec. Con).

(arksyant?

c.

e.

areitum

rcyate

Pass,

V.+ (arcyate
Deriv.

e.

v. [

cb.)

arcitva

-arcya

e.

Desid. arcicisa-.]

rcase uv.
Caus. arcayati -te

arc ev.

arcatra- uv.

arei

-rea av.+

arka

arcatri ev.

arein

ev.

-rcas EV.

arcana e. +
arcaniyaE.+
arcananas v.

arcitr

e.

v.

]/ arj, see

y
y
Pres. [1.]

arhati

anrhiis

etc.

v.+, -te

arhire

tsI.,

v.

arcis v.+
fc

art, see

v.

-rkti? EV. (suv-)

rkva EV.
fkvan V.

rj, rnj.

rt.

aril, 'deserve' etc.

etc. e.

ev'.

arhyasam, arhi, arjihat, arhit; arhisyati, arhita.]

arhase ev'.
[Desid. arjihisa-.
-See. Conj.
] Caus. arhayati etc. s. +
Deriv. argha v. +
-arha b. +
arhana v. +
-arghya c.
arhana c.
arhaniya c.

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

av, 'favor'.

avati etc. v.+

Siva avitha etc. v. +

Pres. [1.]
Perf.

Aor.

1.

Fut.

1.

Verb,

avyas

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

-at v.b.s.

avisyati

-uta ev.
:

v.b.

5.

v.b.

avayas

avit

avita

2.

avitave

Caus.

(aviddhi

c.

ev.

avas

avistha

v.b.s.

-avitra

avi? V.+

b.s.

ev.

avis-'? EV.

in v.

etc.

-at v.b.u.

avitr

V.B.

etc.

-avya

ava ev.
avana c.

Common

etc.

e.)

+
area b. +
arcaka c.
arcya e. +

Perf.

e.

quite rare in later language.

avisat

etc.) v.b.s.

AND PbIMABY DERIVATTVESf^'^'^

5
Aor.

asta aQata asta

1.

ma

Ev.,

5.

Fut.

astiim

Verb,

[Sec. Conj.

k.

a9nuvisyamahe

astave

ai^aq^a.-

Dew. an9a

astuB.

etc. v.b.,

aksi

4.

b.,

[a<ji.]

aksat

2.

396-

rv. (cf. j/aks).

Compare

cb'.

astavai

v.b.,

a9ana

v.

jb.s.

a9ita, asta.]

2.

a9itvun

e.

-asta

-a9nuva ags.
-a9nuvin vs.

b.

a9i- vs*.

aks and

]/ 1

v.b.

a9i9isa- ; a9aya-.]

+
asti V. +

aqita,

a9i9at.]

3.

a9ista.]

[a9isyate]

1.

a^yat

v.b.,

agemahi sv.

aS

[2

]/

na9

(to -which latter

-aqa

a9a

993.
v.

the forms||anat

are

etc.

here referred). Derivatives more doubtfully referable to this root are

a9an
a9na

a9inan

ev.

a9ani

v.

a9ri

v.

a9ru

ev.

v.

a9ina

rv.

v.

2 aq, 'eat'.

a9nati (a9ana) a9nite

Perf. a9a v. + (-a9vans b.)
[1.
1.

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

3.

etc.

a9i9at.

b.+

v.+

etc.

a9it

] 5.

v.

santi

asa asitha
Deriv.
asu v. +

etc.

etc. v.

Perf.

asyati

v.

etc. v. +,

5.

asisyati

asista.l

J

etc.

sma smahe asateii., syamahe ci.)

ev. +

-asa (itiha-) av. +

etc.

rv.b.

asthat

2.

2.

v.

etc.

[1.]

asati

av'.kI.c.

etc.

(?

etc. E.

Pass,

asyate

etc.

see

asitvun

b.,

-tavai

Desid. asisisa-.]

b.

Conj.

evI. (?

asan)

stha).

e.

3.

asita.]

asta v.+, asita e^.; astave

-asyav. + -asam b.s.u.

Verb,

Sec.

sti v.b.

2 as, 'throw'.

asyate

asisat.

as, 'be'.

-asti

asa etc. ev. +, ase ev'.

asyat fii. asi ci.

1.

a9.

y
Pres. [4.]

(edhx)v.+ (sva

asta

v.+

Pres. [2.] asti

Fut.

e'.

Pass.

Perf.

etc.

a9a

[1.]

a9ita.]

2.

Doubtless ultimately the same with

Aor.

a9ituin v.; a9itva b. + -a9ya b.

Int. a9a9ya-.]
Desid. a9i9isati etc. b. +
a9yate av. + [
Caus. a9ayati b. + (a9ita ev.) a9apaya- mgs.
a9na v.
a9itavya b. +
-aq av.
39! s.
ta.
av.
v.
a9ni
a9ya av. ? +
a9itr
+
-a9ana +
a9itraB.+
-a9a e.+
a9istha b.
a9ana B.TJ.
-a9aka b.
a9i9isu s.
-a9aniya s. +
a9usa rv.
a9ayitavya b.
-a9m B. +

a9ita

Verb.

a9yat.

a9isyati

5,911 v. +
a9iyas b.
a9istha v.b.u.

+
+

v.

Pres. [9.]

Fut.

v.

astra

y'

Aor.

a9va

av.

e1.

asitva

s.

Caus. asayati

Roots, Verb-forms,

2 as]

asira evI.

Deriv.: -as v.

asana v.+
asana nv.

asistha

-asaniya

-astavya

-asti

c.

asi? V.+

astr

astra

v. +
-asya b. +
-asya e. +
asra tb*.

v.

c.
c.

aha

Deriv.
If

this root

Deriv.

'say'.

then perhaps

svaha

v.

is also to

be re-

it.

y
Pres. [1.]

asya av.
-asana c.

ahiis v.+, attha ahatus b.+

-aha? pbI.
niraha is from

ferred to

-asa Av. +
-asin AV. +

v.B.

y ah,
Perf.

anchati

auchana

Found only

auch,

'tear'.

c.

c.

in the Su^ruta, and doubtless artificial.

ap, 'obtain'.

apnoti etc. av. +, apnute e.

Perf. apa apitha etc. v. +, apire apana rv.
Aor. 1. api b.+
2. apat etc. v.+ (apeyam av.)
3. apipau cb. (apipi4. apsis e.
pat BAu.)
Put. 1. apsyati b.+, -te b.e.
2. apta b.
Fer&. apta V. +
aptuniB. + aptvaB. + -apyaB.
Sec. Con,). : Pass, apyate etc. b. +
Desid. Ipsati etc. av. +, ipsate etc. b.b.
(aipsit etc. b.)
Cans, apayati etc. b.+, -te etc. e. (apipayiset cb.)
b. +
Deriv. : -apa B.
-apaniya s. +
-aptr c.
ipsa e. +
-apaka e. +
apaneya u'.
apnana? ev.s.
-ipsin u.
V.
+
-apin u. +
api
-apayitavya u.c. ipsu s. +
apya av.+
apti AV. +
apayitr u.
apipayisu e.
apana v. +
aptavya u. +
To a more original form of the root (ap is perhaps a
ap) doubtless
Pres. [5.]

belong

also

apas

apis

V.

BR. regard apas

y
Pres. [4.]
Verb,

aryanti

apnas, apna-

v.b.

at ev. iii. 6.7 as a

-apta

ev.

(?

an-) ev.

verb-form from this simpler

ar, 'praise'

root.

(?)

ev2.

arita ev.

Is

perhaps a form of a

both occurrences

is

-|- |/r,

accented as

if it

y
Pres. [2.]
E.

aste

[4.]

etc.

'resort to,

etc. e.

to'

aryauti

in

contained a preposition.

as,

(asina) v.+ (asand

asyati -te

have recourse

'sit'.

ev2.),

asti

e.

[1.]

asati -te

etc.

AND PkIMAEY DERrVATIVES.

asam cakre

Perf.

Aor.

5.

asista

Fat.

1.

asisyate

Fer6.

asita

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

b.+, -yati ts.

etc.

asitum

asyate

Pass,

asa

u.

-asaka

e.

e.

etc.

yanti

Avi.?+

imahe

etc.

2.

asita.]

k.;

asitva

-asya c.
Cans, asayati

b.s.;

Desid. asisisa-.]
-asaniya
asitavya

asana

-asitr

u.

av. +

i,

ay,

1,

v.+, -ite -iyate

iyate

[4.]

+
asya e. +

y
Pres. [2.] eti

astum

b.+,

-asya

v.b.

-asa

e.

etc. b.s.

b.

asam cakara

etc. a. +,

[2i

etc. v.b.c.

b.

b.

c.

e.

'go'.

etc.

-asti

c.

e.+

[1.]

[5.] see ]/

ayate

i.

etc.

v.+,

ayati

iye Rvi. iyate

iyana v.+, lyati evI., -iyant cb.m. (imi taI. aitat

Av'.; yariEv'.; iyana sv'.; iyamana cb.
imalii c.)
-ay am
Perf. iyaya iyus etc. v.+ [iyayitha] (iyetha v.b., iyatha v.)
e.
cakre +
Aor. 1. iyat etc. e. + (iyasam ggs.) [
4. (adhy-) aista.
5. ayista.]
Ev'.,

v.b.,

Fat.

esyati

1.

etc.

Verb. ita v.+, -ita

-itya

V.

-ayam

v.b.

Sec. Conj.
ti.

Pass,

c.

etum
c;

-iya
iyate

c.

Cans, (praty-)

+ [apipat.]
aya v. +

etc. TA.E.

Deriv.

+,

av. +, -te

etc. b.

b. +,

2. eta etc. b.+

+ ayisyati etc. b.+
etave etavai v.b., etos v.b.s. itva b.u.
;

-ayya

b.

ayase, ityai,

iyadhyai

ev.

Int. iyayate pu'.

[Desid. ayiyisate, iyisaayayati etc. (-ayyate) c. (adhy-) apayati -te
;

2i]

Roots, Verb-fokms,

Deriv.

ina

-inva

rv.c.

invaka

v.b.

Doubtless the same with the preceding

y
Pres. [1.]
Verh.

Denv.

b.

enas

v.

root.

ing, 'stir.

ingati -te e.+

ingita

Sec. Conj.

e.

Cans,

inga

E.

ingayati

etc. v.

ingana

+ (ingyate

cb.)

ingya

s.+

injana

c.

c.

Isolated forms as if from ifig, ink, inj are found in the Brahmanas.

ich, see

is.

T/it.

assumed hy BR. on account of the proper name

itant in KB., and the doubtful and obscure itatas atRv.x. 171. 1
-which latter,
however, is shown by its accent to be^^no participle.
root it, 'wander', is

A root
Ida

V.

id

perhaps to be assumed on account of the nouns id v.+ and

is

y
inddhe indhate
inttam ta.)

Pres. [1.]

idh, indh, 'kindle'.

cic.

v.+ (indhate

rv.,

indhana

v.:

inksva

ab.

idhe idhire rv.cb. [

tndham cakre.]
1. idhate? rvI.
idhimahi v., idhana v.
5. aindhista etc. b.,
indhisiya ts., idhisimahi s.
Fut. 1. indhisyant s. [
2. indhita.]
Verb, iddha v. +
-idhya s. + -idham, -idhe rv.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, idhyate etc. v.+ [
Desid. indidhisa-.]
Cans, indhita c.
Deriv.: -idh y.+
edhav. +
indha v.b.
-idhya ts.
-iddhifi.
-idhra?v. +
edhasAv.+
-indhaka e.
idhma v. +
-eddhr rv.
indhana v. +
Perf.

Aor.

in, inv, see

inaks,

see

iyaks,

see

y
y

see

i.

2 nae.

yaj.

irajy, see

iradh,

rj.

radh.

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

y
Pres. [6.] ilati etc.

[Iks

'be quiet'.

il,

c.

[Per/", etc.

iyela, ailit, elisyati, elita.]

Sec. Conj.

Cans, ilayati

etc. av.b.s.

(^ailaylt av.

ilita cb.)

Deriv.: -ilaya b.s.

In

Ts.,

ilayanti

is

once read.

y
Pres. [6.]

E.

iehati -te

[4.]

v.+

etc.

-isyati

e.

Aor.

[3.

Fut.

1.

Fer6.

ista

-isya
Sec. Conj.

v.
V.

ti eic,

Deriv.

aisisat.

esisyati

] 5.

-esati -te

[1.]

etc. b.

-te b.

estum

b.

2.

esita

-ichaka

c.

e.

e.+

[6.]

-isa -isaut

etc. b.v.

esita, esta.]

-tavai

Pass, isyate

etc.

aisit aisisus

etc. b.,

iyesa isus, ise isire

Perf.

ich, 'seek, desire'.

1 is,

etc. e. +, -ti e. [

(ichayami

r1.)

cb.

esitum

r.

[isitva, istva;]

Desid. esisisa-.] Cans, esaya-

Roots, Veeb-forms,

Iks]
Aor.
Fut.

c.

[3.

aiciksat.

aiksisi

] 5.

etc. b.

(aiksit

c. ?)

2. iksita.]
iksisyate etc. b.+, -yati b. [
B. +
iksitumE. + iksitvaB.; -iksyaB. + -iksam b.s.
Caus. iksaDesid. iciksisa-(m d.).
Conj.: Pass, iksyate etc. s. +
1.

iksita

Fert.

Sec.

aiksi

1.

10

yati

etc. v. +,

-te av. (iksyate s.)

iksanaKv.? s.+ -iksitavya b. +

iksitr c
iksaniyaE. +
-iksya E.+
iksaB.+
iciksisu c.
iksenya rv.
iksaka b.+
Active forms
rapidly
common.
growing
Only three occurrences in e.v., but

Deriu.

iksa

iksinE.+

b.

sporadic.

y inkh,

'swing'.

inkhati etc. c, -te aa.

Caus. inkhayati -te etc. v. +
-inkhana c.
Deriv.: -i&kha v.+
The form enksva ab. is false.
Pres. [1.]

Sec. Conj.

y Ij,
y
idate

Pres. [2.] itte

Perf.

ide

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

idita

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

v.

idituru

irate

(erire uv.)

v.

b.

Sec. Conj.:

iryant
:

ira

iditavya

'set in

Verb,

s.

c.

i<Jitf av.

v.b.

later language.

motion'.

b.")

[1.]

airat

etc.

kv.,

irate

etc.

b.

(3s.) av.

Caus. irayati
m.
e.

eic.

irayadhyai

irsyati

irsyita
:

idenya

b.

(irate
iram cakre.]

etc. v.b.

irya

v.+, -te

e(c. v.b.

(iryate

irita

v.

rv.)

irin

b.

e.

irana

e.

-iraniya
false, is

y irsy,

Deriv.

idamana

v.,

Desid. ididisa-.] Caus. aidayan

irya c.
-iraka c.
The form iryayati, doubtless

Pres. [I.]

idamahe

airirat, airista; irisyate, irita.]

irna

Deriv.

[1.]

few sporadic occurrences in the

Perf. irire
etc.

cakre.]

c.

idyate c. [
idya v. +

Pass,

Pres. [2.] irte

Verb,

v.b.

idam

y Ir,

[Aor.

ej.

id, 'praise'.

(idisva)
[

see

aidista; idisyate, idita.]

id nv.

Only

etc.

idire e.+

ev.,

-inkhaya uv.

c.

-iritr v.

irma

v.b.

found once in cb.

'be jealous'.

etc. b.s.

c.

irsya av. +

irsyin

irsyaka

irsyalu

c.

irsyii av. +

c.
c.

irsyitavya

c.

..

AND Primary derivatives.

11

Evidently a secondary

i9ate

iQidhve
Perf. i9ire

rv.

'?

Not

ic, 'be master'.

ikse

(2s.

etc.

Av.) v.+

uks

in later works.

y
Pres. [2.] iste

but of doubtful origin (BR., from irasy).

root,

seldom written witbout tbe

[1

iqise rv.s.

rv.,

i9ate i9ata

[1.]

i^e

3s.

v.b., i<jite u.

v.e.u.

i(jam cakre.]

[Aor. alQista.]

Fut.

1.

iQisyati

u.,

-te b.

i9ita.]

2.

Verb, itjita u.

Deriv.

Iq

193, B.

isate

Pres. [1.]

i9ana

iqa av. +

b.

i9in

u.

i9itavya

Is, es, 'move'.

-i9u

c.

esati
isam cakre.]

etc. v.b., -ti etc. v.b.u.

Perf. ise rv. (aiyes plpf. rv'.)

[Aor.

i9itr u. +

u.

etc.

v.

i9vara

av.

av.

aisista; isisyate; isita.]

etc.

Verb, -isita v.b.

Dcriu.

isa

esa rv.

RV.

'?

-esti

Doubtless ultimately one with

y
Pres, [1

[Perf.

.]

etc.

ihate

ihita

Fer6.

etc. b. +, -ti e.

iham cakre;

[Sec. Conj.

E.

uve

[Perf. etc. etc.

rv*.

2 is.

c.

Caus. ihaya-.]

-ihana

y
Pres. [2.]

b.s.

ih, 'be eager'

iha e.+

c.

aijihat, aihista; ihisyate, ihita.]

ihitum.

Desid. ijihisa-.

Deriv.: -iha

}/ 1

estf

c.

[5.]

eha

e.

-ehasv.

av.

u, 'proclaim'

vinoti rv'.

1.

avate.]

uve; austa; osyate, ota; usisa-, avaya-.]

uve

vyunoti

is

perhaps for viyujioti; and the pple ota, put here by BR., doubtless belongs

to

Extremely doubtful

root;

is

possibly interjection (Bo.);

va, 'weave'.

Pres. [6.]
[Perf.

Aor.

uksati

uksam

5.

etc. v. +,

-te

etc.

uks,

'sprinkle'.

v.+

cakara.]

auksisam

etc. b.

uksisyati etc. b.s. [

2. uksita.]
Verb, uksita v. +
b.
-uksya +
Sec. Conj.: Pass, uksyate etc. b. +
Caus. uksayati
Fut.

1.

etc.

s.+

uks]

Roots, Veeb-forms,

12

-uks rv.
uksana av. +
-uksitavya b.c. ustr rvI.
-uksa B.s.
uksaniya jb.
ustr b.s.
ustra v. +
V.+
Tiksan
Whether uksan and ustr etc. belong here, is very doubtful.

Deriv.

2 uks, vaks, 'grow',

y
ueyati

Pres. [4.]

[Aor.

etc. aucit; ucisyati, ucita.]

ucita v.+ [ocitva.]

-oka

okya

rv.

rv.

rv.

okas

v.

y uch,

y
ujhati

Pres. [6.]

Aor.

etc. e.

ujham cakara

Perf.

aujhit

5.

vaks.

etc. v.b.

Perf.

Deriv.

"j/

uc, 'be pleased'.

uvoeitha uvoca, ucise

Verb,

see

+ okivans rvI. -ocana

v.

-ocara

av.

vas.

see j/ 1

ujh, 'forsake'.

c.

c.

[Fut. ujhisyati, ujhita.]

E. +
ujhiturac. -ujhya c.
-ujha s.+
ujhana c.
ujhiti

ujhita

Tcrfe.

Deriv.:

secondary

root,

coming from

y
Pres. [6

unchati

'?]

Verb,

unchitum

[(Sec.

Conj.

Deriv.

etc. s.

c.

s.

-unchya

unatti undanti

iidus av.

(_ujjaliami

etc.').

'glean'.

Cans,

unchaya-.]

c.

ud, und,

etc. v.b.s.,

'wet'.

undate

(Sp.) av.

[6.]

undati

etc. b.s.

undam cakara.]

aundidat, aundit undisyati, undita.]

utta B., unna s.c. -udya b.s.

[.Aor. etc.

Verb,

ha

c.

unchana

y
Perf.

)/

aunchit; unchisyati, unehita.]

Desid. uncichisa-.

uncha

Pres. [7.]

uneh,

uncham cakara;

[Perf. etc.

ud

pb.

Sec. Conj.

Denu.

udyate

Pass,

ud RV.
udaka

rv.

Desid. undidisa-. Caus. undaya-.]

udani- rv.
v.

udan,udav.+

-uditr

y
Pres. [6.]
jPer/". etc.

ubjati

c.

udman b.
ubj,

-udrav. +
utsa v. +

odana

undanas. +

odman

odati rv.

'force'.

etc. v.b.s.

ubjam cakara;

aubjijat, aubjit; ubjisyati, ubjlta.]

v.

b.

AND PkIMAKY DERIVAXIVJeS.

13
ubjita

Verb,

[Sec. Conj.

av.b.

-ubjya

Der ju. ; -udga

Caus. ubjaya-.]

ubjaRv.?E.+

B.

'?

y ubh,
aubhnat ubhnas

Pres. [9.]

umbhata

-ubji- pb.

umbh,

rv.

aumbhat

(2p.) av.,

uh

jb.

Desid. ubjijisa-.

[2

'confine'.

unap

[7.]

ms.[;

aumbhan

rv.,

ts.

[6.]

ubhati.]

uvobha, umbham cakara; aubhit, aumbhit; ubhisyati

umbhisyati, ubhita umbhita.J

[Perf. etc.

ubdha rv.b., umbhita

Deriv. -umbhana ts.
Verb,

c.

-ubhya

us, 'shine',

y
Pres. [1.]

osati

5.

cb.

ausit

[Fut.

1.

Fer&.

usta

us, 'burn'.

usnan, usnant

[9.]

vas.

Rvi.

etc. b.s.

2.

B.s.

[ositva;] -osya

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

osam cakara.]
osisyati.
osita.]

uvosa

Perf.

Aor.

etc. v.

see

s.

usyate

etc. c. [

usna

usa ? rv.
usa c.

-usasK.

osam

-usya

y
Pres. [1.]

uhati

ubam

[Perf.

1.

Verb,

e.

vas, which

B.+,

cb.

osistha

av.

-uhaka

uhyate

b. +,

uhyate

iiliya b.

uhana

c.

it is

c.

}/

b.

-uhya

Caus. uliayati|c.

vah, from which

udlii

c.

-oha rv.
-oghas ? RV.
in

some forms and

hardly to be separated.

uh,

'consider'.

ohate (3p.) ohana Ghana rv.

-te
ohise
rv'.
uham cakre.]
Perf. uhe
Aor.
aujihat.
auhista
Pres. [1.]

b.

vr.

uhaniya s. +
uhitavya c.

+
s.

Doubtless a differentiated form of

meanings

ohate

etc. v.

[2.]

(Is.)

E.

etc. v. [

[3.

see.

Pass,

uha

b.+,

v.

-osas rv.

5. auhit b.
ohi c. [
3. aujihat.]
uhita c. iihitum e.+, odhum e.+, -ubitavai
-uhya B. + -oham rv., -uham ms.

Sec. Conj.
:

uh, 'remove'.

cakara.]

uhyat

udha

Deriv.

see

v.

v.+, -te v.+

Aor.

urnu,

osa, -osa

cb.

usman
usman

ta.

Apparently a differentiated form o{

cb.

Desid. osisisa-. Caus. osaya-.]

v.

-usni

ts.

] 5.

v.

[1.]

uhati c,

Roots, Vebb-fokms,

2 tihl
[Fut.

uhisyate, uhita.]

Verb,

uliituin

Sec. Conj.

c.

-uhya

c.

[Desid. ujihisa-.

uhya

c.

uhaniya

c.

uhayati etc. e.
uhitavya c.
6ha- ? rv.

Caus.

uhana

Deriv.: vih.a.B.+

14

a.

ohas Ev.
ohasana

Probably 'bear in mind', and so originally identical witb

y
rehati

Pres. [6.]

etc.

(iyarsi) v.b.

feh,

r,

rnoti

[5.]

and vah.

rnvati

archati

rnve

etc. u.e.

etc. v.

[a.]

lyarti

rt.

etc.

rante ranta rv. ranti? sv.

[9. rnati.] [2.] arti ts.
aram cakara.]
Perf. ara (aritha) arus etc. v. + anarchat m'. [
Aor. 1. arta arata etc. (aryat ts., arita ev.; arana rv.) v.b.
etc. V.B. (aranta aramahi v.) [
4. arsit.]
,

Fut.

1.

Verb,

arisyati

b.

aririsa-.]
E.;

Deriv.

b.;

Intens. alarti

v.

etc. v. +,

-arpya

v.

ev. [araryate

etc.

-te

(arpipam

c.

arpyate

etc.

av.;

Desid.

arpayita

c.)

ari V. +

arna v. +
arnas rv.
artha v. +
-arman, arma v.+
arvan, -arva v.+
arvant v.b.
arav.+

aritr rv.

-arin

aritra, aritra V.+

aruka

v.

arya, arya

arana
arani

+
v.b. s.

v.

v.

arati rv.

arami

v.b.

y
rnjate

Pres. [7.]

rjyate ev.

rnjase

(Is.

[anai'jus] anrjus avI.

[3.

arjijat.

ro, see

5.

irina

xrya

v.

arpana v. +
arpaniya c.

v.

-rcha

u.

rti, rti v.

rtu

"j/

-arpitr

e.

-arpayitr

v.

cb.

-arpayitavya

v.

v.

+
c.

arc.

'direct, stretch, attain'.

[6.]
)

ratha v. +
-arpaka c.
-arpya c

v.

iras- rv.

rna

ta.

rj, rnj, arj,

(Sp.) Rv.

arya

-rtha

b.

Aor.

arat

-rtva av.b.; -rtya av.; -aram ev.

Caus. arpayati

arpita arpita

ara, ara

Per/",

2.

[6.]

arta.]

2.

aryate.

[Pass,

etc.

rta v.+, arna c; artos

Sec. Conj.

ev.

uh

'go, send'.

v.+, -te etc. cb.e.

etc.

rnjati -ate

rnjasana

rv.

rv. aa.

etc.

[1.]

[4.]

fjyant,

arjati b.u.c.

arjista.]

[Fut. arjisyati, arjita.]

Verb,

rnjase

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

rvI.

[Pass, rjyate.

arjaka

Desid. arjijisa-.

Caus. arjayati -te

rjipya rv.
rji9van rv.

rjiyas

arj ana e.+

rjipin rv.

raji Hv.

arjaniya

c.

rjisa RV.

rajistha rv.b.

-arjayitr

c.

rjCinas rv.

rajiyas

-rnga rv.

raji av. +

-arjya

c.

c.

rju

V.

v.

jb.

etc.

s.e.+

AND Primaky Derivatives.

15

seems impossible

It

to

development

Compare

rj or

forms

di-vide these

The

different roots) from one another.

[rdh

(generally distributed to two

root has three -well-marked stages of

rnj in rv., arj in Brah., and arjaya in the

also >/raj, probably a deriTative

from

it.

With

the anomalously formed stem irajya (irajyati -te

later language.

related, further,

it is

and irajyii

etc. RV.,

RV.),

'direct, rule'.

2 rj, 'shine'.

Inferable from the derivatives

arjuna v.+

|/ rt,

Aor.

rjra rv.

rjiti rv.

-rjika v.

art, 'pursue'.

articLhvam pb^

5.

Fut. artisye avI.

artana

Deriv.:

-artitr

vs^.

very doubtful root

artuka

v'.

cbI.

anvartisye and anvartitr apparent

contractions

for anu-vart-; and Bo. amends artidhvam to arthi- (but??). But artana
and artuka seem to show that the thing had assumed the value of a root.

yd, ard,

dissolve'.

'stir,

7.
rdantu ardan rv.
[1.] ardati etc. av.+ [
[Perf. etc. anarda; ardidat, ardit; ardisyati, ardita.]
Verb, arnna? cb.

Pres. [6.]

Sec. Conj.

[Desid. ardidisa-.

Cans, ardayati

etc.

rnatti.]

(^[ardayit]

ardyate

ardita) v.+
Deriv.:

-ardaka

-ardin

c.

Of perplexing variety

of meanings.

rdhnoti etc. v.+

rdhyate -ti v. + (Pass."*).

Pres. [5.]

rdh,
[7.]

'thrive'.

rnadhat rndhyam rndhant

anrdhe rv.cb.
rdhathe rv., rdhyam etc.
1. ardlima b.s..
Av.E.s.
rdhimahi rv. rdhant rv. ardhi b.

anrdhus

Perf.

Aor.

ardanaE.+

c.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

sit

etc.)

[4.]

rdhyate

etc.

v.b.s.,

2.

rdhyasam etc.
rdhet rdhema

[ardhit] ardhista ms.

] 5.
[3. ardidhat.
2. ardhita jb.
ardhisyate cb.
rddha av.+ [rddhva, ardliitva.]

1.

Verb,

av.,

Av.cB.

Fut.

v.

v.+,

AV.CB. [ardidhisa-.]

rdhyant

m.

Desid. irtsati

Cans, ardhayati

etc.

etc. (^airt-

av.+

Deriv. :

ardha ? v. +
ardha?v.+
ardhya RV.
Compare

roots

-fdha

-ardhi rv.

ardhuka
-rdh

vrdh

b.s.

v.s.

and radh.

rdhnuka

rv.

rdhat, rdhak?

rddhiAv.+

v.b.

ags.

-irtsa av.

-ardhayitr

u.s.

Roots, Vebb-fokms,

r9]

16

>/r9(?), 'harm'.
Perhaps

be inferred from the derivatives

to

arQas

-arqa
-argani rv.
ev.

ar9asana

y
Pres. [1.] arsati etc.
Perf.

anarsat

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

rsta

Deriu.

rksika

+
-rksara v.

ev.

v.

av.b.

rs, 'rush, push'.

(arsase av.)

v,b.

[6.]

rsati

etc. v.e.s.

ta.

arsit; arsisyati, arsita.]

v.b. [arsitva.]

{Sec. Con).: arsisisa-;

-arsa

.-

rksa

vs.

arsaya-.]

Hardly

rsabha v.+
rsiv.+

-arsu ev.
arstr b.

B.

-arsana B.
arsani av.

rsti v. +

rsva

v.b.

rsii ev.

calls for the

usual division into two roots.

Some

of the derivatives

doubtful.

y
Pres, [1.] ijate,
[Per/". etc.
-Sec.

ijamana

ejam cakara;

rv.

ejathu

ejati

y
edhate
edhire c.

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

etc.

v.+, -ti

[3.

[Put.

edhisyate, edhita.]
edhita e. + edhitum
Conj. Desid. edidhisa-

Sec.

edh,

-edha ?

cb.,
etc.

edham babhuvire

c.

av.b.

Caus. edhayati

(in d.).

edhatu

B.s.

'thrive'.

b.+

etc.

b.

c.

] 5.

Der jv.

v.

edham cakrire
aididhat.
edhisiya

Aor.

Verb,

v.+

Caus. ejayati cb., -te

-ejaya

av.

etc.

aijijat; ejisyati, ejita.]

Con).: [^Desid. ejijisa-.

Deriv.

ej, ij, 'stir'.

-edhana

v.b.

r.

edhas

etc. s.

s.e.

edidhisu-vs.

Perhaps related with rdh.

katth,

'boast'.

katthate etc. e. +, -ti etc. e.

[Perf. etc. cakatthe akatthista katthisyate, katthita.]
katthitum e.
Verb, katthita e. +
Caus. katthayati e.
Sec. Conj.
Deriv. : -kattha e. katthaka c. -katthin e.+ katthana e.+ katthitavya
Pres. [1.]

secondary prakritized

root,

y
Only in the

eakada

deriv.

kad,

kadana

is a misreading for

c.

but of unclear derivation.

'destroy'.

e.+, and in

eakara.

cakada kadanam

r.,

where

AND Primary Derivatives.

17

y kan,
Pres. [4.]

kayamana

ka,

[kal

'be pleased, enjoy'.

ev'.

eakana cakanas etc. cakanyat cakandhi etc. cakananta cakan

cake eakana v.b.s.
Aor. 5. akanisam kanisas rv.
Deriv. kana rv.
kanistha v.b.
kanlna v. +
kanya v. +
kanaka? E.+
kanistha b.+
kaniyasv.+
-kati rv.
Perf.

Rv.

-kayya
Doubtless the same with the following
account of

its accent, rather

cakame

kam. The

rv.

stem cakan, on

perfect than intensive.

y
Perf.

root,

kam,

'love'.

v.+

etc.

[aeakamata] aeikamata etc. b, [

5. kamisista.]
kamisyate etc. b.
2. kamita b.
Verb. 'kamta, E. +
[kamtva, kamitva ;] -karaass. -kamam cb.
Sec. Conj.: [Intens. cankam-.
Desid. cikamisa-.
] Caus. kamayate
Aor.

3.

Put.

1.

etc. V. +, -ti etc. e.

Dcriv.

kam ? V. +

kamitr

kama- ?

kamra c.
kamav.+
kamin v. +

v.

kamana

c.

kamaniya

c.

kamyav. +
-kamya av. +
-kaman rv'.

c.

kamana

kamukaB.+
kamti e. +
kamayitavya

s.

c.

Doubtless the same with the preceding.

y kamp,
kampate
cakampe etc.

Pres. [1.]

etc.

Perf.

e.

u.+, -ti

'tremble'.

etc. e.

acakampat, akampista kampisyate, kampita.]

Verb, kampita e. + [kapita]
kampitum e., -tos b. -kampya s. +
Sec. Conj.: [Int. cankamp-.
Desid. cikampisa-.
] Caus. kampayati
[Aor.

etc.

etc. B. +,

Z>eriv.

.-

-te

kampa

etc. u.
E.

+ (_kampyate c)

-kampaE. +
-kampaka e.+

y
[Pres. etc.

layati
Deriu..

kampinE.n-

kampanaE.+

kapana?

kampya e.+
kampana e. +

-kampaniya

kapi? v.+
kepi v rv.

Caus.

kalayati

etc. e. +,

-te

kala? E.+
-kalika c.

Whitney,

etc.

s.+, -te etc.

b.+ (kalyate

etc. s.

+)

ka-

etc. c.

-kalya

kalana

etc. etc'

Supplement

s.

rv.

etc.]

-kalaniya

c.
s.

Divided by BR. and Bo. into two roots

(kalay), 'drive

kampra

c.

kal, 'drive, produce', etc.

kalate, cakale,

Sec. Conj.:

II.

-kalayitr
:

c.
c.

kal [kalay),

-kalaka
-kalana
'drive'

c.
s.

and

kal

Roots, Vekb-forms,

kas]

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf. etc.

Fut.

1.

Verb,

kasati

etc.

kasa

c.

2.

Perf.

Aor.

kasati

cakase
3.

e.+

kasita.]

-kasam s. +
kasana

e.

ts. [

-kasa

c.

y
Pres. [1.]

'scratch'.

cakasa; akasit.]

kasisyati

kasita

Deriv.

av. +, -te

etc.

kas,

18

b.

-kasin

c.

kas, 'open'.

etc. av.c.

c.

acikasat

c.

[Fut. kasisyati, kasita.]

Verb,

kasta

kasita

v.b.s.,

Sec. Conj.: [Int,

(kasyate

s.

canikas-.

Desid. eikasisa-.

Dew. kasana?

-kasti

c.

ts.

-kasuka av.+ -kasvara

c.

Pres. [1.]

Caus.

kasayati

ka,

-kasaE. +

-kasin s.+

-kasaka

-kasana

see

y kanks,
Perf.

etc. c.

c.)

kanksati

cakanksa

e.

-te

etc.

c.

-kasaniya

c.

c.

kan.

'desire'.

b.+

aeakanksat, akanksit; kanksisyati, kanksita.]

Verb, kanksita e. +
Caus. kanDesid. eikaiiksisa-.
]
Sec. Conj.: [Int. cakanksya-.
ksayate e.
-kanksana c.
Deriv. -kanksa c.
kanksin e. +
[Aor.

etc.

kanksa

e.

-kanksya

kanisaniya

c.

c.

-kanksitavya
Perhaps a desiderative formation from

y
ka9ate
cakaqe etc.

Pres. [].]

y kan

or

c.

kam.

kac, 'appear, make a show'.

etc. b. +, -ti etc. e.

e. + [
ka9aih eakre.]
acakagat,
aka9ista;
ka9isyate, ka9ita.]
[Aor.
Verb. kaQita e.
-kaQya b.
Desid. eikasisa-.]
Sec. Conj.: Int. caka9iti etc. v.b.u.. eaka^yate etc. b.s. [
Caus. kagayati av. +. -te r. + [kagyate e.")
-ka9in e. +
-ka9aniya c.
Deriv. kaqa v. +

Perf.

etc.

-kagaka

e.

-kagya c.
-ka9ana e+

-canka9a av.
-ka9ayitavya

c.

AND Peimary Debivatives.

19

kas, 'cough'.

Pres. [1.]

kasate

[Perf.etc.

kasam cakre; acakasat,

etc.

c. -ti

[kuth

c.

akasista; kasisyate, kasita; cakas-,

cikasisa-, kasaya-.]
Deriv.

kas

kasa

av.

kasa

av.c.

kasika

av.

Verb-forms only in the medical literature

-kasana

av.

c.

and probably denominative,

from kas or kasa.

y
y

ku,

see

kuc, kune,

'shrink, curl'.

kuncate etc. c.
[6.] kucati
c.
cukoca [cukunea.]

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

[Aor.

akocit, akuncit

etc.

ku.

etc. si.c.

kocisyati kvmcisyati, kocita kuncita.]

kuncita e. +
Conj. : Pass, kucyate c.
[Int. cokucya-.
Cans, kuncayati etc. e. + kocayati etc. e. +

Verb,

Sec.

kucita

e. +,

Desid. cukuncisa-.

Deriv.

kuea

E.

kuncana

-kocaka

c.

kunci c.
koca e. +

-kucana c.
-kuncaka c.

Given by the grammarians

as

-kocin

-kocana

two distinct roots

c.

c.
e.

and not without some

justification.

y
kunjati

Pres. [1.]

kunj,

'rustle'.

c.

single occurrence, in the Harsacarita.

bably an

artificial

If not a false reading, is pro-

word.

kutt, 'divide, crush'.

kuttayati etc. c. (kuttita c, -kuttya e. +)

kuttana c.
-kutta E.+
-kuttaka c.
Perhaps a prakritized form of 1 krt. The forms avakutya and prakutya
(BR. y 2 kut) are only the usual and permitted abbreviations of -kuttya,
Sec. Conj.: Caus.

Deriv.

kunth,

'dull'.

kuntha e. +, 'dull'. The

kunthaka e. +. -kunthana e.+,

Doubtless only a denominative from

kunthita c, and

the derivatives

y
Fcr&.

kuthita

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.:

kuth,

participle
occur.

'stink'.

c.

kothayati etc. c.
-kothaka b.
n. pr. nikothaka, found

Caus.

kotha

Except the

c.

only in Sugruta

no proper root.

2*

kup]

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

y
Pres. [4.]

kupyati

etc. e. +,

kup,

-te

20

'be angry'.

etc. e.

CTikopa etc. u^.e.

3. acukupat.
akupat.
] 5. kopisthas e.
[Put. kopisyati, kopita.]
Verb, kupita bvI. e. + (kupta c'. ?)
[Int. cokup-.
Desid. cukupisa-, cukopisa-.
Sec. Conj.
] Cans, kopayati etc. bv. 9B. e. +, -te e. (cukopayisa- in d.)
kupayuAv.V
kopmE.+
Deriu. kupa B.s.
-kopitr e.
Perf.

Aor.

[2.

kupana? c.
kupaya b,v.

-kupya

e.

kopa

e.

kopya e.
kopana e. +

kus,

]/

kopayisnu b.
cukopayisu e.

'tear'.

kusnati etc. c.
[6.] kusati etc. c.
[Perf. etc, cukosa; akosit, akukaat; kosisyati koksyati, kosita kosta
cokus-, cukusisa- cukosisa-, kosaya-.]
Verb, kusita c.
-kusya ms.
-kosana s.c.
Deriv.: kosa (? n. pr.) cb.
Pres. [9.]

The occurrence in

ms. hardly a genuine one.

y
Pres. [6.]

kuvate

-kuta

T'er&.

Av. +

kti, 'design'.

cb'.
;

-kavam

ts.

kaviyas sv.
niskavam, the helongiug of which is douhtful
(as is also that of kavi). rv. has -kava, kavatnii, kavarf , 'stingy', of questionable relationship. The grammarians set up roots 1 ku, 2 ku or kQ, 'shout',
Deriv.

-kuti

v.

kavi

v.

Used only with a, except in

giving them a full set of forms

and

y
kujati etc. av.+, -te
cukiija -je etc. c.

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Aor.

1.

akuji

Nir. once uses their intens.

kokiiyate.

kuj, 'hum'.

etc. e.

c.

[Put. kiijisyati, kujita.]

Verb,

kujita

e.

kujitva

c.

[Sec. Conj.: cokiij-, eukiijisa-,

Deriv. ;

kuj a E.+

y
Sec.

Conj.: Cans, kiidayati

-kiidya

s.c.)

kujaya-.]

kujanaE. +

kujitavya

kud, kul,
etc.

e.

'burn'.

rvI. ab^.h-,

kulayati

etc.

s.+ (kiilita c,

AND PkIMARY DeEIVAXIVES.

21

y
Pres. [1.]

kunati

Sec. Conj.

ktin, 'shrink'.

c'.

kunayati

Caus.

y
Pres. [1.]

[ikr

kurdati

-te

etc.

etc. c.

ktird, 'leap, exult'.

e.+

ciikurda etc. c. [-de.]

[Aor. etc. akurdista; kurdisyate, kurdita.]
Verb, kurdita c.
Deriv. ; kurda s.
kurdana c.
-kroda?Ts.
Compare ]/ gurd, which is douhtless the same with
Perf.

-krodin?

ms.

this.

(skr), 'make'.

1 "kr

krnoti krnute etc. v.e.s.

[8.] karoti kurute etc. b,v3.av.+
[2.] karsi av'., krthas krtha krse rv.
[1.] karanti etc. kv.
kurmi e.
krse ^Is.) kv'.
Perf. eakara cakre etc. (cakartha cakrse etc.') v. + (cakriyas aeakrat
etc. acakriran rv.)
Aor. 1. akaram akar akran etc. akri akrta akrata etc. v.e.s. (karati -te
Pres. [5.]

kriyama RV., kriyasam -asma v.e.s. 'krdhietc. v.+, krsva etc. RV., krant krana rv. kranta rv. akat cb.) akari v. +
2. akarat etc. av. b.s.
3. acikarat c.
4. akarsit etc. e. +, akrsi
etc. V.B.S.,

etc. E.G.

Fut.

1.

Verb.

karisyati

krtav. +

etc. v. +,

-te

kartumAv. +, -tave

kirsati

etc.

+ fkaryate
kartr rv.
kartr v. +
kartra av.

etc. b.

karana rv.
karana v. +
karaniyaB.+ karman
-karani? e.
karvara
karas rv.
karistha rv.
-karisnu s.+
v.b.

kartva v.
kartavya

b.

v.+
v.

-kara v.+

karaka
karin
.

e.

av.

karya av. +
karana s. +

+ -karaniya

karu

aor.

b.+)

b.s.,

E.

-tos

karta s.
krtva

2.

v.e.s.

Desid. eieikirsayati c). Caus.

karuna

etc.

-tavai

v.b.,

av.+, -te etc. s.+ (acikirsis ce.;

karayati -te
kara v. +

Deriv.

(akarisyat

-tvaya e. -krtya v. + -karam b.+

Int. karikr- carikrkriyate etc. v. +

AV. +, -tvi V.B.,

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

etc. e.c.

c.

etc. e.

cikarayisa-

karuka

b.+

-kurmi, -in
-krt

rv.

V.

-krtya
-krtya

n. v.

a. v.

v.e.

in d.)

-krtha bv.
-kra RV.
kratu V. +
kriya kcs. e. +
cakri ev.
-karikra b.

krtya

v.

krti

-cikirs

krtu (-tvas) v. +
krtvya rv.
krtnu V.
krtrima v. +
krtvan v.
kf tvari av.

ciklrsa

v.

The root-form skr is found especially after

nir askrta rv., and pple upaskrta e. +.

sam
In

e.

cikirsu e. +
karayitr b.e.

karayitavya e.+
eikarayisu c.
-ciskarayisu

and pari; but

v.

c.

occur only

e.

also the

samskrta

Roots, Veeb-forms,

kr]

and pariskrta

22

aud pariskrnvanti and -vant bv. (against sam.

e.v. av.,

sk after sam are frequent,

k; even such as sam askurvata, sam caskara, sam skarisyanti, samskarayam asa, samciskarayisu. Of the derivatives, there are found with sam only: skarana s.+,
skartavya c, skartr e. +, skaraka e. +, skarya e. +, skrti b. + also
skriya with sam c. and pari c. skara with sam s. +, pari e. +, and upa
and skara with apa c, upa e.+, pari e., and vi (V) e. + finally, askra
c.

akrnvan

But from

etc. ev.).

forms with

e. on,

almost to the exclusion of those with simple

-,

which

RV.,

is

doubtful.

y
Pres. [6.]

kirati

Perf.

Aor.

1.

Fut.

1.

Verb,

kiryat

c.

karisyati

kirna

Sec. Conj.

b.

-,

Pass,

kara v. ?
-karaka
-karitr

etc. v.

e.

[cakarus.]

4.

akirsata

etc. e.

b.

pb.

[karisyati.

-kirya s. +
kiryate etc.

Desid. cikarisa-.

Deriv.

-te

etc. v. +,

eakara cakre

2 kr, kir, 'scatter'.

b.

5.

karisat rv.

2.

karita.]

+ (kiryet

e.)

cakar-, cekirya-.

[Int.

] Cans, [karayati,] kirayet e.

-kira c
-kara s. +
kirana v.+
-karaka c.
?

e.

-kir

b.

-kiri

c.

-kirya

c.

-kula?E.

b.

One or two late forms occur with prefixed s apaskiramana, praticaskare; others are authorized by the grammarians; in derivatives, viskira s.
:

y
Pres.

Aor.

cakrant ?
4.

rv.

akarsam

Sec. Conj.:

3 kr, 'commemorate'.

Int.

akarisam akarit rv.

carkarmi carkrdhi e<c. carkirama -ran earkrse
av.

5.

(3s.)

RV. av'.
Deriv.

karu

kara rv.
karin rv.

Cakrant

is

kirti

v.

-keru

kiri, -in rv.

v.

earkrti rv.

carkrtya

ev.

anomalous and altogether questionable.

krt,

'cut'.

krntati etc. v. +, -te etc. b.e.

[1.] kartati etc. e.
etc.
v. +, cakartire e.
cakarta
(cakartitha,
cakartus)
Perf.
Aor. 2. akrtas rv. (krtant- rv.)
3. acikrtas tb. [acakartat.]

Pres. [6.]

kartis
Fut.
Verb,
Sec.

v.

5.

b.

kartsyati av. kartisyati c. [

2. kartita.]
krtta v. + -krtya v. + -kartam cb.
Conj. Pass, krtyate etc. av. +
[Int. carikrt-.
] Desid. cikartisaCaus. kartayati etc. s. +, krntayati lcs.
(m d.) [cikrtsa-.]
1.

AND Primary Derivatives.

23
Deriv.

karta v. +
garta B.+
kartya c.
kartana v. +

Samskrtatra

krntana

s.

krti rv.

krntatra

v.b.

-karttrE. +

krtti? v.+

cikartisa

c.

kartari

-krnta

cikartisu

c.

-kartin

krnatti

Sec. Conj.

c.

ev.

b.

2 krt, "spin'.

etc. v.b.s.

Caus. kartita

karttr

Deriv.

e.

doubtless not referable to this root.

v'. is

y
Pres. [7.]

kfta

c.

karttavya

'.'

[krs

kartya

c.

e.

krp, 'lament'.

krpate etc. v.
Perf. cakrpanta rv.
5. akrapista rv.
Aor. 1. akrpran v.
Caus. krpayati etc. ev. (^krpayant
Sec. Conj.

Pres. [1.]

Deriv.

krpa

e.

krpana

y
Pres. [4.]

krqyati

cakarga

Perf.

v.

ev'.), -te etc. jb.

krpana

kr9, 'be

av.

lean'.

cb.

av.

akrgat; karqisyati, karqita.]

Verb. kr9ita ab. [kr9itva, karqitva.]
Caus. karQayati etc. v. +
Sec. Conj.
kra9iyas
Deriv. kar9ana v. +
krqa v. +
[Aor.

etc.

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Aor.

Fut.

karsati

etc.

c.

krs, 'drag, plough'.

v.+, -te

etc.

b.+

[6.]

krsati -te

etc. v.

cakarsa etc. (cakarsatus) b. +

4. akarksit, akraksit.]
acikrsam rv. [acakarsat.
sat etc. b. (akrksathas cb.)
1. kraksyant s., kraksyejB., [karksyati] karsisyant b. [

3.

akrk-

7.

kars-

2.

ta,^krasta.]
Verft.

krsta

Sec. Conj.

AV.

Pass,

krastumE. +

krsyate

Desid. cikrksa-.]
Deriv.

etc. b.

Caus.

krstva

Int.

karsayati

karsu b. +
karsana e. +
b. + karsaniya c.

b.

-krsya

carkrsati
etc. e.

+
[earikrs-.

karsa s. +
karsaka e. +

karsi, -sin

karsin,

krsi

-si

s.

etc. v.b.

karsman
v.

b.

rv.

krsya
krsti

s.

v.

krastavya
-krastr

c.

c.

It does not seem worth while to divide this root, evidently one, into two

nearly related ones, as

is

often done.

24

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

kip]

kip, 'be adapted'.

kalpate etc. v. + (kalpant? av.)

Perf. caklpe etc. v., -pus av. (-pat v.) eaklpe c.
5. akalpista.]
4. aklpta.
] 3. aciklpat etc. v.+ [
Aor. [2. aklpat.
2. kalpita, kalpta.]
Fut. 1. klapsyate ab., kalpisyate c. [kalpsyati.
Verb, klpta v. +
Pres. [1.]

Sec. Conj.

calklp-, caliklp-.

[Int.

Desid. eiklpsati, eikalpisate.

Deriv.

krp

"With this root are apparently related

y knu,
-knuyam

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

c.)

c.

kraksamana

-kraksa

v.

'wet'.

[knopayati] (-knopam

Caus.

y
Pres. [1.]

krpa

9B.

-knopana

Deriv.

v.b.,

knuyate, eviknuye, aknuyit, knuyisyati, knuyita.]

[Pres. etc.
Verb,

kalpayati -te etc. \. + (kalpyate b. + cikalpayisati ab.)

-kalpayitr cb.
kalpitavya c.
kalpa v. +
kalpana v. +
kalpayitavya
kl'pti b. +
kalpaka e. +
kalpana e. +
b.+
kalpyaE.Hkalpaniya u.+

Caus.

kraks,

'crash'.

evI.

-kraksin bxK

evI.

Apparently an onomatopoetic

root.

krath, 'be jubilant'.

krathati etc.]
Caus. krathayati tb^.
Sec. Conj.
Deriv. kratha e. + krathana b. +
[Pres. etc.

very doubtful group of derivatives,

y
Pres. [1.]

krandati

etc.

-krathin e. krathana
in meaning and connection.

kratha

krand, kland,

v.+, -te etc. e.

Aor.

dit

Mandate

krandisyati, krandita.]

Verb,

krandita

Sec. Conj.

Desid.
:

etc.

ci.

rv.)

4.

akran

v.b.

5.

akran-

c.

[Fut.

Deriv.

c.

'cry out'.

eakranda c, eakrade rv. (cakradat

2. kradas rv.
3. acikradat etc. v.b.

Perf.

e.

c.

kranditum

c.

kanikrand-, kanikrad-, kanikradyaCaus. krandayati etc. v.+

eikrandisa-.]
Int.

kranda

v.b.

[cakrand-.

v.

-krandin

krandya

+
c.

v.b.

klanda av.
krandana v.+
-krandaniya c.

krandanu

rv.

krandas v.
kanikrada

b.

+ +

AND Pkimary Dekivatives.

25

y
Pres. [1.]

kramati

etc. u.E.) [

etc.

kram,

kramate

[krxQl

'stride'.

etc. v.

+ (^kramati

etc, uv.'i e.+,

kramate

kramyati.]

4.

eakrama cakramus etc., cakrame etc. v. + (cakramanta rv.)

akran akramus etc. b,v. 2. akramat -man av.i!. [ 3. acikramat.] 4. akramsta -sata etc. v.b.s. (kramsate ev.)
5. akramit

Perf.

Aor.

1.

V.B.U., kramista (3.) bv. (akramini rv., akramit cb.-)

kramsyati -te av.b.e.; kramiisyati -te b.+ (akramisyat r.) [ 2.
kramita kramta.]
Fer&. kramta Av. +
kramitumE, + -toss., kramtum e. + kramitva
E. +, kramtva b. + [kramtva]; -kramya v. +
-krame ev.; -kramam
etc.

Put.

1.

AV. +
Sec. Conj.: Pass,

B.+

+;

kramayati

etc.

Int.

cankram-

b.u, [cikramsa-.]

b.+ (kramyate

etc.

v. +,

eankramyate

Caus, kramayati

c.)

krama

v.

-kramaniya e. +
-kramitavya e.
-krama b.
-kramin av.b.

-kraminE. +

kramya c.
kramana V.+
The

aor.

akran

is

by some

Pres. [9.]

krinati krinite

cikraya

s.

-kramya c.
-kramana c.
-kramuka b.
-kramtiB.+

ret'erred to

y
Perf.

etc. s.+.

Desid. cikramisati

etc. B.

Deriv.

kramyate

-kramtr

e.

cankramaAv.
eankramanas.+
-kramayitavya c.

ykrandt

kri, 'buy.

etc. v.

[cikriye.]

[Aor. akraisit, akresta.]

2. kreta.]
kresyati -te etc. b.s. [
Verb, krita v. +
kretum e. + kritva av. + -kriya
Int. cekri-.]
Sec. Conj.: Pass, kriyate etc. b.+ [
Caus.
krapayati,
aeikrapat.]
[

Put.

1.

Deriv.:

krayyaB.+
krayanaB.+
krayaniya s.

kraya av.+
-krayaka e.
-krayin

e.

V
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

kridati -te

eikrida -de

etc.

etc. b.

b.

-krayaka

+
Desid. cikrisate

e.+

c.

kretavyaE.+

-kriAv.+

kretrE.

-kriti b.

kreya e.+

krid, 'play.

\.+

[Aor. acikridat, akridit.]

Put.

1.

Verb,

kridisyati

kridita

e.

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

etc.

s.

c.

2.

kridita.]

+ kriditum c. -kridya e.
eekrid-.
] Desid. cikridisa- (m
;

+ (^kridapayati

e.")

d.).

Caus. kridayati

Roots, Vekb-fobms,

krid]
kridav. +
krida e. +

Deriv.:

kridinv. +

kridana

e.

kridi ev.b.

eikridisa

c.

cikridisu

c.

a root appears to be assuraalile for the derivatives

y
krudhyati

etc.

krudh,

av. +

Aor.

eukrodha cukrudhus
2. krudhat etc. av. +

[Fut.

krotsyati, kroddha.]

Verb,

kruddha

Sec.

v.

Deriv.

AV.

-te

etc. e.

kruraAv.+

+
etc.

rv.

+ kroddlium e. kruddhva s.
cokrudh-.
Desid. cukrutsa-.
;

+ (krodhyate

v.+ -kru rv.

'be angry'.

acukrudhat

3.

Conj.: [Int.

etc b. +

etc.

Ev.

kravanauv. kravis, -viv. kravisnuv. kravya

Pres. [4.]

c.

kru, 'be rough or raw'

y
Such

26

kriditr

kridu

Perf.

Cans, ki'odhayati

ji.)

krudh c. krudhmi

rv. kr6dliaAv.+

\q^

kru9,

krodhana e.+ krodhaniyaE.

'cry out'.

kr69ati etc. v, +, -te etc. rv.e.

Perf. CTikroga etc. e. [cukru9e.]
Aor. 7. akrviksat etc. v.b.
[Fut, kroksyati, krosta.]
Verb, krusta b. +
krostum e. -kru9ya e. +
Sec. Conj.: Pass, krugyate e.
[Int. cokru9-.
Desid. cukruksa-.
Caus. kro9ya e. +
Deriv. -kro9a v. +
-kro9in c.
krostu c.
kl69a rv.
-kro9aka b. + -kro9ya s.
kro9ana v. +
krostr v. +
-kro9ayitr
Pres. [1.]

y krud,
Sec. Conj.: Caus.

'thicken'

(?).

akrudayat, krudyamana, cukrudayati

All in a single passage of the Kathaka. Possible derivative

y
Pres. [1.]

klathan

klath,

'turn'

(?)

b.

single occurrence

in vs.

Perf.

[Aor.

etc.

no derivatives.

kland,

y
klamyati c.
[caklama,] caklame

klam,

see ]/

krand.

'be w^eary'.

Pres. [4.]

c.

aklamit; klamisyati, klamita.]

c.

b.
,

kroda

av.

]]

AND Primary Derivatives.

27

klamta

Verb,

e.

klamayati c.
klamti
+
Compare y 9ram.

Sec. Conj.

Derjw.;

Cans,

klama

E.

y
klavita

Verb,

Probably

[Perf.

c.

klav, 'stammer'.

c.

and

artificial

false, inferred

y
klidyati -te

Pres. [4.]

[k^ad

etc. e.

from viklava

e.

viklavita

c.

klid, 'be wet'.

[1.]

klindant

ci.

eikleda; aklidat, aciklidat; kledisyati kletsyati, kledita

etc.

kletta.]

klinna

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

ceklid-.

kledayati

Caus.
Deriv.:

+ [kliditva, klittva.]

s.

[Int.

-klmdu

av.

kleda

e.

etc. s.

Desid. cikledisa-, ciklidisa-, ciklitsa-.

-kledin
-kledya

y
Pres. [9.]

kllQnati

etc. e.

c.

kledana

e.

-klediyas av.

c.

kli9, 'distress'.

[4.]

kliqyate

etc. e.

-ti etc. e.

cikle9a etc. c.
[Aor. etc. kli9yat akle9i, acikli9at, akle9it, akliksat;
kleksyati, kle9ita klesta.]

Perf.

klista e.+ [kli9ita];

Verb,

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

Caus. kle9ayati
Deriv.

kle9a

klestum

cekli9-.

u.

etc. e.

Pres. [1.]
etc.

-kle9aka

kvanati

kvan,

[Perf. etc.
Fer&.

akvanit

kvanayati

etc. c.

kvatha

etc. b.

kvathisyati , kvathita.]

kvathayati
c.

etc.

kvathana

c.

(kvathyate etc. e. +)
kvatha c. kvathayitavya

s.+

y.ksad,
Perf.

ksadate
caksade etc.
:

ksattf

'boil'.

c.

Pres. [1.]

Deriv.

e.

kvanisyati kvanita.]

+
akvathit

-te

eakvatha

Sec. Conj.: Caws.

:

klestr

c.

kvathati

kvathita

Deriv.

c.

'sound'.

l/kvath,
Pres. [1.]

kle9ana

c.

c.

Caus.

-kvanana

Deriv.

kle9iii

c.

c.

eakvana

kvanita

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

[kli9itva, klistva;] -kli9ya cb.+

Desid. cikle9isa-, cikli9isa-, cikliksa-.

y
[Perf.

e.;

kle9isyati

v.

etc.

'divide'.

v.b.

bv.

-ksad

rv.

ksadman

rv.

c.

Roots, Veeb-fobms,

ksanl

^y

ksanoti ksanute
caksana caksane.]

[Perf.

ksan, 'wound'.
+

etc. b.

Pres. [S.]

28

] 5. ksanisthas av. [aksanit.]

aksata,
ksanisyati -te, ksanita.]
ksanitos cb,
Verb, ksata v. +
canksan- ciksanisa- ksanaya-.]
[Sec. Conj.
ksati e. +
Deriv.: ksanana c.

Aor.

[1.

[Fut.

y
Pres. [1.]
Verb,

ksapati

e.

ksapitum c.
ksapana e. +
The -words ksap

ksap,

ksapate

'be abstinent'.
v.s.

Deriv.

ksapa

v.,

v.

+ do not appear

to

be connected with

?).

this root.

y ksam,
Pres. [1.]

ksamate

etc. v.

'endure'.

-ti etc, e.

+ (ksamat

av.

[4.]

ksamyate

+ [ksamyati.]

etc. E.

+ (eaksamithas ev.)
[Aor. aksamat, aeiksamat, aksamsta, aksamista.]

Perf.

caksame

etc. b.

2. ksamta, ksamita.]
ksamisyati b.+ [
ksamtum e. +
Verb, ksamta e. +, ksamita e.
[Int. canksam-.
Desid. ciksamsa-,
e.
+
Pass,
ksamyate
Sec. Conj.
ksama]
Cans, ksamayati etc. e.+ (^ksamaye m.
ciksamisa-.
paya- c.}
ksamti e. +
ksamtr e.
ksamaniya e.
Deriv. ksam, ksa v.

Fut.

ksamsyati

1.

etc. e.,

ksama
ksama

av.+

e.

ksamtavya e.+
ksamitavya e.

ksar,

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Aor.

ksarati

caksara
aksar (3s.")

etc.

v.+, -te

ksamya e.
ksaman v.

ksma

ksami

ksamapanaci.

sv.

V.

eaksma?

kv.

'flow'.

etc. e.

c.

b,v.

[Fut. ksarisyati, ksarita.]

Verb,

ksarita

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

b.

[Int.

ksara

ksaradhyai

eaksar-.

v.

ksarana

I
Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

Caus.

ksala

e.

ksalayati

ev.

Desid. ciksarisa-.

Caus.

ksarana

c.

c.

ksarayati etc.
ksira v v. +

b.

ksal, 'wash'.

etc.

b.+ (^ksalapayita

-ksalaka

e.

Doubtless the same with the preceding

-ksalya
root.

s.)

-ksalana

s.

++

AND Pbimaky Dekivatives.

29

y
ksayati

Pres. [4.]

ksana?

Verb,

Sec. Conj.:

ksapayati

kseti

etc. v.b.

4. ksesat
ksesyant

Fut.

(ksyant

ksaraE.

ksi, 'possess'.
ts.,

ksiyant

v.).

ksiyati

[6.]

Sec. Conj.:
Zeriu.

etc. v.

rv.

ksayaya rv., ksepayat rv.

ksayana vs.
-ksit

Caus.

ksaya

rv.

V.

ksa?v.

ksatra?v. +

-ksetr rv.
ksetr a v. +

v.+

ksiti v.+

ksemav.

-ksas? RV.

y
ksinati etc.
ksiyate etc. v.b.

Pres, [9.]

2 ksi, ksi, 'destroy'.

[2.]

[5.] ksinoti
ksidhi sv'.

v.b.

ciksaya.]

[Perf.

Aor.

1.

[ksiyat;] ksayi

b.s.

Fut.

1.

aksesyata (3s.)
v. +, ksina

av. +

Verb,

av. b.

etc.

ciksaya.]

[Perf.

Aor.

ksamaB.+

ksati rv.

e.

ksayati

[1.]

av. b.s.

etc.

y
Pres. [2.]

ksa, 'burn'.

etc. b.s.

b.s.

Caus.

-ksana

Deriv.:

[ksip

ksita

cb.

4.

ksesthas ksesta

ksayisyami

-ksetos

av.+

etc.

b.

r.

[1.]

ksayati

[4.]

av.b.s.u.

kseta.]

2.

[ksitva;] -ksiya

e.

ce.

[Int. ceksi-.
ksiyate v. +
] Desid. ciksisati b.
Caus. ksayayati etc. e. + ksapayati etc. e. +
Deriv.: ksayaE.+
-ksapayitr c.
-ksayana av. b.s. ksesnii b.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

ksayisnu

ksayin e. -h
ksayya b. +

-ksit

u.c.

ksapana

e.

ksapitavya

b.

c.

ksapayisnu c.
ksayayitavya e.

ksiti AV. +

y
Pres. [6.]

ksipati

etc. v. +,

-te

ksip, 'tkrow'.
etc.

e.+

ciksepa etc. e. +, eiksipe e.

Aor. [1. ksipyat aksepi.
] 3. ciksipat etc. v. [
Fut. 1. ksepsyati etc. e.+, -te e. [
2. ksepta.]
Verb, ksipta v. +, ksipita s.
kseptum e. +, -tos
Perf.

E.

-ksepam

Pass,

b.

aksaipsit, aksipta.]

ksiptva

c.

-ksipya

e.

ksipyate e. + (-y ant m.)

d.).
(m
Caus. ksepayati etc.
psaDeriv. ksip rv.
ksipti c.
-ksipa c.
ksipra v. +
ksipa RV.
ksepa e. +
ksipani rv.
ksepaka e. +
ksipanii rv.
-ksepin c.
Sec. Conj.

4.

e.

[Int.

ceksip-.

Desid. ciksi-

ksepya c.
ksepan b.
ksepana s. +

kseptavya

ksepistha e.
ksepiyas b. +

-ciksipsu

kseptr

ksepnu

e.

e.

rv.
c.

];

ku]

Roots, Verb-forms,

y ksu,
Pres. [2.]

ksauti ksuvanti

Perf.

euksava

[Aor.

etc.

'sneeze'.

etc. b.

euksuve

etc. b.,

c.

aksavit; ksavisyati, ksavita.]

ksuta e. + ksutva b. +

Verb,

cuksusati

Sec. Conj.: Desid.

ksava

Deriu..-

jb.

Pres. [1.]

ksodati

cuksudus

Perf.

[Aor.

etc.

ksavathu

Av.

y
-te rv.

Desid.-Caus. cuksavayisati.]

c.

ksud,

7.

'crush'.

ksunatti ksuntte.]

e.

aksudat, aksautsit aksutta; ksotsyati

ksunna

+ -ksudya c.
Sec. Conj.: Cans, ksodayati etc. ev.
Deriu. ksudra V. +
ksodaE. +
ksodya e.
Verb,

e.

c.

ksodas

y ksudh,
Pres. [4.]

-te, ksotta.]

ksudhyati

etc. v.

ksodistha b.
ksodiyas b.+

ev.

'be hungry'.

ciiksodha.]

[Perf.

Aor.

30

2.

ksudhat

av.

[Fut.

ksotsyati, ksoddha.]

Verb,

ksudhita

Deriv..-

ksudh

v.

+ [ksudhitva.]

V.+

ksudha

E.+

-ksudhya

-|/ksup, 'be

aksupat e1. (^Aor. 2'?).

ksupa e. +
ksiimpa

ksudhi

av.

startled'

c.

ksodhuka

b.s.

(?).

Pres. [6.]

Beriv.

Not a genuine

root.

]/
Pres. [4.]
JB. [

Perf.

[Aor.

ksubhyati

9.

ev.

The only verbal form in

-te

etc.

ksubh,
e.+

[1.]

a single

punning etymology.

'quake'.

ksobhate

ui.

[5.]

ksubhnuyus

ksubhnati.]

cuksobha c, cuksubhe av.+

ksubhyat aksobhi, aksubhat, aeuksubhat, aksobhit -bhista

etc.

ksobhisyati

-te,

ksobhita.]

ksubdha b. +, ksubhita e. + -ksobdhos cb. [ksobhitum ksubdhva, ksubhitva.]

Sec. Conj.: [Int. coksubh-.
Desid. cuksubhisa- , cuksobhisa-.
Caus. ksobhayati -te e. + (ksobhyate e. +, cuksobhayisa- in d.)
Beriv. : ksubh rv.
ksobhana v. +
ksobha b. +
-ksobhin c.
ksubha e. + ksobhaka c.
ksobhya e. + ksobhayitr c.
cuksobhayisu e.
Verb,

AND PRIMA.KY DERIVATIVES.

31

y ksnu,

'whet'.

ksnaumi rv., ksnauti s., ksnuvana av.

etc. cuksnava
aksnavit; ksnavisyati, ksnavita.]

Pres. [2.1

[Perf.

ksnuta

Verb,

Deriv.:

-ksnutya b.
ksnotra
-ksnut e.s.
e.

rv.

y ksma,

'tremble'.

ksmayate, caksmaye, etc.]

Conj.
Caus. ksmapayati c.
No genuine root. The single example

[Pres. etc.

Sec,

In Nirukta.

ksvid, 'hum'.

ksvedati etc. e.+

ksvedita e. +
Conj.: Caus. ksvedayati

Pres. [1.]
Verb,

Sec.

Deriv.

ksveda

later

e.

e.

ksvedana

y
Pres. [1.]

ksvedati etc. b.
-ksvidas

ksvinna c

Verb,

e.

form of the root next following.

ksvid, 'hum'.

b.

Apparently onomatopoetic.

ksvelati
ksvelita e. +

Pres. [1.]
Verb,

Deriv.

ksvelana

khacati
khacita e. +

Verb,

ksvel,

'play'

etc. e.

ksveli

c.

y
Pres. [1.]

c.

khac, 'show through'.

etc. c.

khanj,

khanj ati etc. c.

eakhanja etc. etc.']
khanja c.
khanjana

'limp'.

Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

etc.

Deriv.:

c.

y khad,
Pres.

-khadant?

ce.

cakhada
khada s.

[Perf. etc.

Deriv.

'be hard'.

Very doubtful

etc. etc.]

khadira

root

v.

the occurrence in cb. perhaps a false reading.

[khad

khan]

Roots, Vekb-fobms,

y
khanati

Pres. [1.]

-te

Aor.

[1.

'dig'.

etc. v.

cakhana cakhnus

Perf.

khan, kha,

32

av.

etc.

khanyat, khayat.

3.

+ [eakhne.]

aeikhanat.

] 4.

khatva

b.

khans.

akhanit,

5.

akhanista.]
Fut.

khanisyati

1.

khata
-khaya

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

DeWv..-

e.

etc.

b.+

khayate

khanitum
-khanam s.

Pass,

cakha-.

naya-

v.

Desid.

2.

b.

khanita.]
+

khanitva

khanyate

etc. b. +,

cikhanisa-.]

c.

etc. e.

Int.

khanayati

Caus.

-tvl b.;

eankhan-,

etc.

s.

+ (kha-

e. ?)

kha V. +
kha V. +
khana av.
khanaka e.

khanana c.
khananiya
khani

c.

+
khanitr v. +

y
kharj ati s.
khargala v. +

av.

khanitrav. +

khanya

khara v. +
khatr c.

khani c.
-khu v. +
-kheya c.

khanaka

c.

s.

kharj, 'creak'.

Pres. [I.]

Deriv.

kharjura

y
Pres. [1

.]

khallate

khallita

Verb,

khalla

Deriv.

b.

khall, 'be relaxed'.

c.

c.
c.

kha,

see ]/

y khad,
Pres. [1.]

khadati

cakhada

etc.

khan.

'chew'.

v.+

+
[Aor. acakhadat; akhadit.]

Perf.

etc. v.

2. khadita.]
khadisyate e. [-ti.
b.u.
b.
+
khaditva
Verb, khadita
Int. cakhad-.]
Desid, cikhadisati e. +
Sec. Conj. Pass, khadyate c. [
Caus. khadayati etc. e.+
khadyaE.+
khadas- rv.
eikhadisu e.+
Derii;.
khada V. +
khaditavya c.
khadaka s. + khadana e. +
khaditr c.
khadin e. +
khadaniya c.

Fut.

y khid,

'tear'.

7. khintte.]
khidati etc. v. +. [
[4.]? see Pass.
[Perf. etc. cikheda; aeikhidat, akhaitsit; khetsyati, khetta.]
-khidyaB.s. -khidam av.
Fer&. khinna E. +

Pres. [6.]

Sec. Conj.

Pass,

cikhitsa-.

khidyate etc. e. +, -ti etc. e. +

] Caws, khadayati -te e.+

[Int.

cekhid-.

Desid.

AND Primary Derivatives.

33
Deriv.

-khida
khidra

is.

kMdvans

rv.

kheda

khudati etc. v.
eanikhudat

Sec. Conj.: Int.

khodana

Deriv.

khelita

Verb,

Deriv.

khela

'futuere'.

khel, 'stagger

khelayati

v.

Aor.

c.

k!!;^eli c.

Fut.

etc. v.

khyesam

4.

b.s.

khyasyati etc. b.+, -te e. + [

khyata av. + khyatum b. +
;

Sec. Conj.

2.

akhyat

etc. v.b.s.,

akhyata

2.

khyata.]

-khyaya

v.

-khyai

v.b.;

-khya-

b.
:

Desid.

Pass,

khyayate

eikhyasita

khyapyate etc.
Deriv..- -khya B.+
-khya v. +

c.

etc.

c.

b.+ (khyayisyate

Cans,

-te

cakhya-.
+ (^[acikhyapat ;]

[Int.

etc. b.

av. + khyapana e. +
khyapaka c. khyapaniya c.
-khyayakaE. + khyapin c.
-cikhyasu c.
cikhyapayisa
-khy ayin s. +
khyapya e.

b.

gach,

y
gadati

khyapayati

b.)

cikhyapayisa- in d. c.)
-khyatrv. +
-khyeya

khyana

khyati B.+
-khyatavya E.+

Pres. [1.]

[khyasista.]

1.

yam

e.

akhyayi; khyayat, kliyeyat.

[1.

Verb,

'see'.

khyasi khyati khyahi khyata

etc. v.B.

etc. c.

khelana

cakhyau cakhyus

Perf.

tb.)

etc. e.

y khya,
Pres. [2.]

c,

c.

Cans,

kheditavya e.
khedayitavya

av.

khelati

Sec. Conj.

(kanikhunat

s.

y
Pres. [1.]

khedin c.
khedana c,

rv.

khud,

]/

Pres. [6.]

v.

[gad

see

gad,

c.

gam.

'say'.

etc. s.

jagada jagade etc. e.+

Aor. 1. agadi c. [
5. agadit.]
Fut. 1. gadisyate e. [
2. gadita.]
Verb, gadita e. +
gaditum c. -gadya s.
Int. jagadyate
Sec. Conj.: Pass, gadyate etc. e. +
Caus. gadayati s.
sati e.
Perf.

gada B.+
gadya e. +
vi gada in av.

Deriv..-

Whitney,

gadanaB.+

-gadin

c.

gadi

-gadya

c.

(v. 22.

Supplement

II.

c.

6) is douttless a vocative,

c.

Desid. jigadi-

gadgada
vigada.
3

c.

Roots, Verb-Forms,

gadhj

y gadh,
-gadhita

Verb,

(?)

b.'v-.

gadhya

Deriv.

'attach'

34

ev.

root of doubtful

meaning and

relations.

y gabh,

y gam,

gah.

gach,

'go'.

see

gachati etc. v. +, -te etc. V. +.

garaanti ev., -ntu v.
[2.]
gatha ev'.
Perf. jagama (jagantha [jagamitha]") jagmus etc, jagme etc. v.+ (jagannia ev. jaganvans v. +. jagmivans b. + jagamyat etc. v.; ajaPres. [1.]

gan

ajagmiran v.)
Aor. 1. agamam agan agraan etc. agata aganmahi agmata etc. v.b.s,
(gamat etc. v.b., gamamahai ev. gamyat etc. v.b.s., gmiya b. gahi
gantu etc. v.b.s.: gmant v.); agami ev., agami c.
2. agamat
etc. B.+ [garnet etc. v.b.s., gamemahi v.s.)
3. ajigamat etc. v.b.
4. agamsi agamsmahi etc. s.+ (agasmahi etc. v.b.) [gamsista, gasista.]
5. gamistam ev., gmisiya vs.
Fut. 1. gamisyati etc. av.+, -te etc. e. (agamisyat u.)
2. gamta etc. b. +
Verb, gata v. + gamtum e. +, -tave v.b., -tavai v.. -tos v.b. gatva av.+,
etc.

-tvaya v.b., -tvi ev. -gatya v. +, -gamya u.s. + gamadhyai ev.,

-dhye ts. -gamas ms.
Int. ganigara- v.b., jangam- (m d.),
ConJ.: Pass, gamyate eic. av. +
Desid. jigamisati -te etc. b. +
jagam- av. ?
jigamsati etc. av.+,
;

Sec.

-te
Deriv.

etc. S.

+ Cans, gamayati

gaeha
-gama

gamisnu

c.

v.

gamaka
-gamin

-gat

V.

c.

gati

V.

v.s.

-gamin

etc. s.

B.+

v.b.

av.

gma

c.

e.

(gamaya

jagat

e.+

ev.

evI.)

gamayitr b.+
gamayitavya

ev.

-gamiika

s.

gamtavya
gamtr v. +
gatnu

v.+. -te

-gatvan
gatvara

gamaniya e.+ -gatha

gamistha

etc.

e.

-gamtva

c.

gamya u. +
gamana v.+

jagmi

V.

EV.

jigatnu

V.

-gman ev.
jma EV.

jangama v. +
jangamana c.

jman

-jigamisu

v.

jigamsu

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

garjati

jagarja
etc.

Verb,

garjita
:

-te

etc. e.

agarjit; garjisyati, garjita.]

[Aor.

Deriv.

etc. e. +,

etc. e.

garj, 'roar.

gavja

e.

c.

garjitva

e.

-garj in

c.

-garjya

c.

garjana e.+

garji

c.

c.

c.

b.c.

AND Primary Dekivaiives.

35

agardat
garda ts.

gard,

]/

gurd.

Perhaps the same with

garh,

garhate etc. ev.s.e. +,

jagarha -he etc. e. +

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

[Aor.
Verb,

'exult'

(?)

'chide'.

-ti etc. e.

etc. agarhista; garhisyate, garhita.]

garhita s. + garhitum e. -garhya c.
;

[Int. jagarh-.
garhyate etc. c.
Desid. jigarhisa-.
Caus. garhayati -te etc. u, +
Deriv. garha E.+
garhya s.v+
garhana e.+
garhitavya
garhin e. +
garhaniya e. +

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf. cc.
Verb,

galati

e.

e.

gal, 'drop'.

etc.]

+
galgalyate

Sec. Conj.: Int. galgallti vs.,

Deriv.

etc. c.

jagala; agalit;

galita

ga

pb.

Pres, [1.]

Deriv.

[2

galana

c.

galana

Caws, galayati

etc. c.

c.

y
galbhate etc. c.
jagalbhe c.
Deriv. -galbha b. +
With pra, and doubtless

c.

galbh,

'dare'.

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

in reality a denominative of

y
Pres. [3.] jigati etc. v.b.

2.

ga,

pragalbha.

'go'.

gate.]

jagayat rv.i, (adhi-) jage etc. e. +

Aor. 1. agat agus etc. v.+ (gani gata etc. v.; agan 3j). c.l [agayi.]
3. (adhy-) agista agisata etc. b.+ [agasta]
gesam -sma av.b.s.
[Fut. gasyate, (adhy-) agisyata ; gata.]
Verb, gatave ev^.
Perf.

See.

jegiya-.

[jigasa-.
Caus. gapayati, ajigapat.]
Conj.: [Pass, giyate.

gatrav. +
-gana ev.

V.B.

-gaman

Deriv.; -ga V.+

-ga

V.

gatu

Int.

y
Pres. [4.]

gayati

etc. v. +,

-te

Desid. jigisati

-gaya v.
-gu ? b.
gesna? u.

ev.

etc.

svi.c^.

ganga?v.

2 ga, 'sing'.

etc. v.

[1.]

gati

ke*.,

ganti

(Is.) Evi.

3*

m.

gayise

Roots, Verb-forms,

2 ga]

jagau

Perf.

Aor.

[1.

etc.

jage

b.+,

etc. c.

geyat; agayi.

36

gasi

4.

(Is.) rv.

6.

agasit -sisus

etc. v.b.u,

(gasisat ev.)
Fut.

gasyati

1.

gita

Verb,

v.

[jaga-.]

b.+ (agasyat

gatum

[ajigapat]

b.

giyate

Pass,

Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.:

etc.

etc.

gayayeyus

b.

b.

etc.

gayatrav. +

-ga Av. +

gayana

-gayin

s.

gatu b,v.
gatavya

c.

gata.]
ab.,

Cans,

-glya

cb.c.

jegiyate

Int.

gapayati

gatrv.+
gatha v. +
gatha v. +
gana u.s.+

-gayas ev.

c.

gayakaE.+

2.

gah

gahate etc. v. +, -ti etc.

jagaha c. (jigahire sK)

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

e.

-te b.

-gaman

c.

gitis.

githa

geya

av.
b.

-gesna

etc.,

+
ab.

-jigitha, -ta b.u.

ev.

-gapana

etc.

b.+,

etc.

jub.

-ga\.+
-gaya

+ -gaya
v.+ (giyant m.)

Desid. jigasati
;

etc. b.tj.) [

gitva

s.

'plunge'.

e.

ajigahat ; agacLha, agahista.]

2. gacLha, gahita.]
Fut. 1. gahisyate e.+ [

[Aor.

gadiia

Verb,

s.

+,

gahita

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

e.

gahyate

jigahisa-, jighaksa-.]
Deriv.

gahitum

etc.

-gahya s. +
e. +
Int. jangahe v. [jagah-.
Caws, gahayati etc. c.
e.

gaha v. +
gahana Ev.E.
-gahin c.
ganhmanB.
gah-,
-gahya E.+
gahana s. +
gahvara av. +
gahaniya c.
-gaha ev.

The connection

gir, gil, see

y
7rii.

gambhistha b.

gadhana

gabhira

v.

gambhira

v.b.

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf. etc.

gunjati

gunj, 'hum'.

etc. c.

jugunja ; agunjit ; gunjisyati, gunjita.]

gunjita c.
Deriu.; gunj a c.
Verb,

-gunjin

c.

c.

+
v.

+
beyond question.

2 gr.

Deriv.: -gut? ev.

c.

gadh.av.+

gu, 'sound'.

joguve joguvana
jogu ev.

Desid.

gabhvara

gavate; juguve; agosta; gosyate, gota; guta.]

Sec. Conj.:

gambhan b.
gambhara ev.

of these derivatives is probable, but not

[Pres. etc.

AND Pbimaky Derivatives.

37

y
Sec. Conj.

gunthayati

Caus.

gunthana

Deriv.

gunth, 'cover
etc. c.

[gulph

up'.

(gunthita

e. +,

-gunthya

s.

+)

c.

Probably a denominative formation.

gup,

^<^>^ep

V^

'protect'.

-^^

"

^^^-^ ^

gopant? c'.
^*^::^4[|^^^^^
Perf. jugopa jugupus etc. v.+
Aor. 3. ajugupat etc. b.s. (ajugupa- b.) [
4. agaupsit.
5. agopit.]
av.+
Fut. 1. gopsyati etc.
[gopisyati.
2. gopta, gopita.]
Verb, gupita v., gupta av. +; goptum u., gopitum c.
Int. jogup-.]
Sec. Conj.: Pass, gupyate etc. b. [
Desid. jugupsate etc.
B. +, -ti etc. E. +, jiigupisa- (m d.) [jugopisa-.]
Caus. gopayati etc.
E. +, -te etc. E. (gopyate e.)
Deriv.; -gup E.+
gopyaE. +
goptavya e.
jugupsaE.+
gopanaAv. +
jugupsus.
-gupya B.
goptr av.+
gopistha b.
gupti AV. +
-gopaniya c.
jugupisu e.
Pres. [1

.]

Perhaps ultimately a denominative from gopa, but assuming the aspect

of a root even in the Veda.

y
Pres. [1.]

gumphati

guph, gumph,

etc. c.

gumphita, guphita

Verb,

Deriv.

c.

gumphayati etc. c.
gumpha c. -gumphaka c.

Sec. Conj.

'twine'.

Caus.

gur,

gurate etc. v. +, -ti etc. c.

jugurat -ryas -ryat
rv.
5. agurista.]
gurta
[

gumphana

c.

'greet'.

Pres. [6.]

Perf. [jugure]

Aor.

1.

[Fut.

gurisyate, gurita.]

Verb, giirta v.+,

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

Int.

-gur

gurna

s.

-gurya

gurana

b.s.

-gurana

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

-gurya

c.

c.

-gorana

c.

very doubtful case.

gr.

giilph, 'bunch'.

gulphayeyus

av. +

s'.,

gulphita

s.

d.).

jugurvani

c.

-gurayitr

giirti rv.

y
gulpha

v. +,

jargurana bv. Caws, giiraya- (m

Doubtless a secondary form of

Deriv.

rv.

c.

bv.

Roots, Vekb-fobms,

guh]

y guh,
Pres. [1.]

guhati

-te

38

'hide'.

etc. v.

juguhe juguhire e.
Perf.
Aor. [1. aguhi.
] 2. giihias guhant- gvLhamana kv. [
5. aguhit, aguhista.]
7. aghuksat
4. agudha.

juguha

c,

ajugiihat.

3.

[aghuk-

etc. v.b.

sata.]

guhisyati -te, ghoksyati -te guhita, godha.]

gudha v. + guhituniE. + [guhitva, gudhva,] gudhvi

[Fut.

Verb,

-guhya ? E.
Conj.: Pass, guhyate
E. +,

Sec.

[jughuksa-.]
Deriv,

v.

guhya

'

-gtiha

agurdan
gurda b. +

Compare

roots

Desid. juguksati ev.

-gtihitr
s.

-guhya

goha v.b.s.
-gohana kv.

e.

c.

-gohya

kv.s.

'exult' {?).

jb.

kurd, gard, and gurdh. See

y
Sec. Conj.: Caus,

etc. s.

c.

guhana

Pres. [1.]

joguh-.]

guhitavya

y gurd,
Deriv.

Int.

Cans, guhayati

guh rv.
guha E. +
guha V. +

etc. v.

kv.

gurdhaya

gurdh,

J.A.O.S., vol. xi., p. cxlvii.

'exalt' (?).

evI.

Perhaps the same with the preceding.

]/
Pres. [9.]

grnati grnite

girate

[Aor. giryat

Fut.

1.

Verb,

c.

v.+ (grne

grnise

3s. v.,

grnata 2p.

av.)

[6.]

(sam-)

(Is.) v.

ta.

agarit.]

garisyati

[girna

Deriv..-

c, -ti

etc.

jagara

Perf.

etc.

gr, 'sing'.

;]

s.

[garisyati.

-girya

-gara AV. +

b.

2.

garita.]

grnisani ev.

-garitr

-garana c.
Compare roots gur and

girv.+

b.s.

-gira

-girya

b.

c.

2 jr.

j/ 2 gr, gir, gil, 'swallow'.

Pres. [6.] girati etc. av.+, -te etc.

e.+ (girami av^.); gilati

grnati etc. av.s.

Perf. jagara v. +
Aor.

Fut.

1.

[or 2.)

garat -ran

5.

garit ev.

1.

garisyati

b.c.

v.

[giryat.]

[garisyati.

2.

3.

ajigar ev^.?

etc. b.

4.

agirsta.]

[9.]

garita.]

AND Primary Derivatives.

39
girna

Verb,

v.+. gilita

giryate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

jegilya-.

gara

Dcriv.;

c.

giritum

etc. e.

garas"?

+
c.

B.s.

ajigar rv.

rayati

etc.).

rv.,

girayati

jalgulas ev. [jagr-,

c.

[garayati.J

gargaravv.+

-garinE.+
-gir v.b.s.

-girana c.
gilana c.

jigarti rv.

-gira av.

-gra, -gri rv.

Irreg., as

-jigarta'.'B.

3 gr, jagr, 'wake'.

jigrtam -ta

rati M.; jajagara e.+,

rv.
etc.

v.+ (jagarasi

etc.,

jagryat

etc.,

jagrhi

jagarisyati -te; jagarita; jaga-

jagr: jagrmi m.

jagrati, -te

etc. s.e.,

jaga-

jagaram asa c: [jagaryat, ajagari, ajagarit.]

jagaruka rv.c. jagrtavya e.
ana b.+

j agar

jagara B.+
jagaraka c.

Cau,^.

jagrat; ajagar; jagaraetc.

etc.;

X>eriy.

jargurana

Int.

-gilaAV.+

jagarti jagrati

Sec. Conj.: Int.

-glrya av. +

-garaE. +

y
3.

c.

Desid. jigarisa-.]

AT.

galaE. +
-garana

Aor.

[graht

jagarisnu c

]/

grdh,

jagartavya

e.

jagrviv.+

'be greedy'.

grdhyati etc. v. +
Perf. jagrdhus b.c. (jagrdhus rv.)
Aor. 2. agrdhat etc. v.b.u.
2. gardhita.]
Fut. 1. gardhisyati b. [
grddliva c. [grdhitva.]
Verb, grddha e. +
Pres. [4.]

jarigrdh-; jigardhisa-; gardtiayati.]

[Sec. Conj.:

Deriu.

grtsa?

grdhna

v.b.

y
Pres. [9.]

grathnati

etc.

grath, grantti,

b.+

[7.]

grdhrav.+

grdhya av.
grdhya e.
grdhyin e.

e.

grdlinuv.+

gardha c.
gardhin v. +

'tie'.

grnatti? av.

1.

granthati, gra-

thati.]
etc.

[Perf.

jagrantha jagranthus grethus;

grathyat, ajagranthat,

agranthit.]
Fut.

2. granthita.]
granthisyati e. [
v. +
[granthitva, grathitva;] -grathya

1.

Verb,

grathita

tham

B.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

grathyate

jigranthisa-.
Deriv.

b.

-gran-

grathin rv.
grathya c.

c.

[Int.

jagranth-, jagrathya-.

Desid.

granthayate e., grathayati c.

granthana s. +
grathna s.
grathana c.
granthi v. +
grantha e. +
grathaniya c.
rv.
c.
granthin
grathitavya

Cans,

grabh]

Roois, VEEB-roans,

y
Pres. [9.]

grabh, grab,

grbhnati grbhnite
[1.] grhnati etc. e.

V.+

etc.

grhnati grhnite etc. (grhana)

grhithas e., -ita ms.c, -isva b,,

agrhitam e.
Perf. jagrabha jagrbhus jagrbhre

40

'seize'.

v.b.;

-te u.

j]

(jagrbhraa jagrbhyat v.,

jagrbhrire Ev. ajagrabhara e<c. v.b.s.u.); jagraha jagrhus jagrhe
etc. V, + (jagrhtna sv.
jagrahatus m.).
Aor. 1. agrabhara v.b., agrbhran ev. grabhat ab., grbhana ms. [grhyat;
agrahi.]
2?. grhe [3s.) us., grhate (3p.) grhamahi ev.
3. ajims.
grabhat
(ajigrbham k.), ajigrahat c.
[4. aghrksata.
5. agrabhit agrabhisus etc. agrabhista etc. v.b. (agrabhim ts.);
agrahit etc. agrahlsta etc. av.+ (agrahaisam ab.)
Fut. 1. grahisyati -te b.+ (agrahisyat etc. b.+
agrahaisyat b.u. grhi2. grahita e.
syati, grahisyati e.)
Verb, grbhita v.b.. grhita av. +
grahitum b.+. -tavai b., -tosB. grbhitva AV., grhitva av. + -grbhya v., -grhya v. + -grabhe ev.,
v.

etc.

-,

grbhe

ev.,

-graham

jb.;

grhyate

etc.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

jighrksati -te

grbhayant ev.
Deriv. grabha ev.
grahav. +

etc. b.
;

-grahin

E.

garbha V.+
grabhana v.s.
grahana av. +
grahaniya e.
-grahi

Compare

b.

grahayati -te b. +
-grahisnu s.
grahitavyaB.+
grabhitr av.b.
grahitrAv.+

grabha v.b.s.
graha av. +
grahaka e. +

v,.+

jagrah-, jarigrhya-.

Desid.
Cans.
]

(ajagrabhaisan?
(grahyate etc. c.)
grahya v. +
gfbhi v.
grhii ev.
grahi v.
ab.)

grahuka
grbh v.b.

-grhiti b.+

b.

jighrksaE.
jighrksu e. +

c.

grbha ev.
grha v. +
grhya av. +

to tie

no good reason wliy the root should

gras, 'devour.

grasati etc. e. +, grasate

jagrasana jagrasita ev.

Pres. [1.]

Aor.

5.

agrasit

Fut.

1.

grasisyati -te

grasita

-graham

-grh

e.

There seems

Verb,

k.

[Int.

grbh, grh.

not he given as

Perf.

jigrahisa- kb.

grahin

glah.

]/

grhaye
av.

v.b.

c.

ev.,

etc.

grasta

e.+
e.

[
;

2.

grasita.]

grasitva

b.

-grasam

[Int. jagras-.
grasyate etc. e.
grasayati etc. b.s.
grasti c.
grasistha v.b.
Deriv.: grasya e.
grastr c.
grasisnu e.
grasana c.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

c.

Desid. jigrasisa-.

Caws,

y grab,

see

grabh.

grasa s.+
-grasaka

c.

AND Primary DERivAirvES.

41

glap,

gla.

see

[ghar

glah, 'gamble'.

glahate etc. e.
[Perf. etc. jaglahe; aglahista.]
Fut. 1. aglahisyat e. [
2. glaliita, gladha.]
Der y. glaha AV.+
glaha av.
glahana
Doubtless from y grah.
Pres. [1.]

av.

y gla,
Pres. [4.]

av. +, -te

etc.

etc. s.e.

[2.]

glati

e.

jaglau.]

[Per/",

Aor.

glayati

'be weary'.

[1.

glayat, gleyat.

glaslsta.

4.

glasis

6. (or 4.)

e.

[Fut. glasyati, glata.]

glana b.+ (glanta

Verb,

glapayati
Dent>..-

etc.

m.)

Sec. Conj.: [/n(. jagla-.

Desid. jiglasa-.

e.+. -te

glavin
glasnu

-gla? GB.

glani

E.

y
ghatate
jaghate c.

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

etc.

glapayati

Caus.

etc.

v.

[ajiglapat] (glapet m1.)

e.

-glapana

vs.
s.

ghat,

glapana

b.

c.

'strive'.

e.+, -ti e.+

[Aor. ajighatat, aghatista.]

Fut.

2. ghatita.]
ghatisyate c. [
ghatita c. ghatitum c.

1.

Verb,

Sec. Conj.: Int.

jaghatiti

(ghatyate)
iJeriv

e. +,

ghata E. +
ghataka c.
ghatana c.

-te

[Desid. jighatisa-.

c.

c.

ghatayati

ghatana

Perf.

1.

jaghattire
ghattita

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

ghattj 'rub'

e.

ghatayati

e.

ghatayitavya

etc.

r.

Caus.

ghatta

e.

] 2.

ghattita m.

ghattayati etc. e. + (ghattyate c.)

ghattana
-ghattin c.
+

ghar,

see

ghr.

e.

etc.

-ghati rv.

ghattate.]

Fut. [1. ghattisyati.

Verb,

etc. (ghatyate)
-ghatin c.

-ghatana c.
-ghataniya e. +

-ghata av. +
-ghataka c.

y
[Pres.

c.

Caus.

ghattitr

e.

c.

ghas]

Roots, Verb-forms,

y
[Pres.

Perf.

Aor.

1.

ghas,

42

'eat'.

ghasati.]

jaghasa jaksus jaksivans etc. v.b. (jaksiyat ev.)

1. aghas (_2, 3s.) aksan etc. v.b.s. (aghat 3s. e.s.,
aghastam 2d.,
aghasta 2p. b. ghasas -sat rv.s. ghastam imp?;, b.), gdha? ev^.
2. aghasat? jb.
3. ajighasat ms.
;

[Fut.

ghatsyati, ghasta.]

Verb,

-gdha-

ts.

Sec. Conj.: Desid.

Deriv.

jighatsati

etc.

av. +

v.

ghasmara

ghasaAv.+
ghasana c.

ghasra c.
ghasvara

ksii

ghasi
Compare
participle

gdha

jaks. wbieh

ghasa

c.

vs.
is a

ghut,

'turn'

ghutita ghotita.J
ghutita c, ghotita e. -ghutya

ghotisyati

jighatsuAv.+

reduplicated form of this.

The anonialous

iu sagdhi,

(?1

ghutati, ghotate; jughota jughute

[Pres. etc.

-gdhi b.
jighatsa b.+

av, +
-ghasin vs.
-ghasya b.
ghasi ev.

e.

agdhad, and gdhi

occurs only in

y
Verb,

aghutat, aghotista;

-te,

c.

ghota s.
No proper root.

Deriv.

y ghus,
Pres. [1.]

ghosati -te

Perf.

jughosa

Aor.

1.

[Fut.

ghosi

etc.

v.+

'sound'.

ghusyant cK

[4.]

jb.

ev.

2.

aghusat.

3.

ajiighusat.

5.

aghosit.]

ghosisyati, ghosita.]

ghusta e.+ [ghusita]; -ghiisya ev.c.

Desid. jughusisa-;
[Int. joghus-.
Pass, ghusyate etc. e. +
See. Conj.
] Cans, ghosayati etc. v.+ (ghosyate c.)
jughosisa-.
ghosi ev.
ghosav. +
ghosanaE. +
Derir.
-ghusa AV.
ghostr b.
ghusya e.
-ghosaka c.
ghosana c.
AV.
ghosaniya c.
ghosin
+
One or two ev. forms (^including the anomalously accented ghosayas
Verb,

are referred

by BR.

to a root 2

ghus,

y
Pres. [6, 1.]
Perf.

[Aor.
Verb,

-crush';

ghurn,

but hardly -with sufficient reason

'waver'.

ghiirnati -te e.+

jughtirna -ne e. +
etc. aghurnit; ghurnisyati, ghiirnita.]
ghiirnita e. +

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.:

Cans, ghiirnayati

ghiirna s.+

etc.

(ghiirnyate)

ghiirnana

c.

c.

AND Pbimary Derivatives.

43

y
jigharti

Pres. [3.]

etc. v.b.

ghr, ghar,

[jiliarti s'.)

[cakas

'drip'.
1.

gharati.]

jaghara; agharsit; gharisyati, gharta.j

[Perf.
Fer6. ghrta V. +
-ghar am gk.
Caws, gharayati etc.
Sec. Conj. Pass, aghriyata ms.
-ghar ana s.
gharmav. +
Dertu. -ghara B.s.
-gharin av.
jaghri ev.
ghrna rv.

etc.

av. +

ghrna

Gharma

etc. are referred to a

(gharyate

ghrni

second root ghr, 'be hot'

s.)

rv.
v.

but the two are

probably ultimately identical.

y
Pres. [1.]

gharsati

Perf.

jagharsa

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

ghrsta

etc. e. +,

-te

ghrs,
etc. e.

c.

agharsit; gharsisyati, gharsita.]

ghrstva c. -ghrsya s.+

Caus. gharsita R.
ghrsyate etc. c. (-ti etc. e.+)
ghrsu rv.
ghrsvi
gharsana e.+
gharsa E.+
-ghrsti e.
-ghrsva ta.
-gharsin c.
e.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriu.;

'rub'.

The

relation to this root of the last three derivatives

ghra,

doubtful.

'smell'.

jighrati (3p.) av.ms., jighranaE., jighrati

V.+, -te etc. s.E.
[2.] ghrati kb.e.

Pres. [3.]

is

c.

[l.]jighrati

Perf.

jaghrau

Aor.

1.

[Fut.

ghrasyati, ghrata.]
ghrata b.+ [ghrana; ghratva,] jighritva c; -ghraya

Verb,

etc.

c.

[aghrat,] ghrayat

-ghrayam

S.+;

rv.

s.

[ghreyat, aghrayi.

6.

aghrasit.j

s.+,

-jighrya

b.s.

Desid. jigh[Int. jaghra-, jeghriya-.

ghrayate c.
e.+
[ajighrapat
-ghripat.]
etc.
rasa-. ] Caus. ghrapayati
-jighraAv.+
ghratrB.+
ghrati b.+
Z>eriy.
-ghra s.
-jighrana s.+
ghratavya b.+ ghreya e.+
ghrana b.+
-ghrapana s.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

.-

cakanti
eakita c.

Pres. [1.]

Verb,

eak, 'quake'.

cakas,

c'.

'shine'.

cakasti -sati etc. c. (caka9at c, eaka9ete'? e.)

cakasam cakara; acacakasam, acicakasam.]
Conj.: Caus. cakasayam asatus c.

Pres. [2.]

[Perf. etc.
Sec.

Roots, Verb-fokms,

oaks]

caks,

'see'.

caste eaksate etc. v.+, caksi caksus kv.

Rv.E. +. caksati etc. e.

Pres. [2.]
etc.

44

caksate -sante

[1.]

cacaksa rv. (aeacaksam ev.)

Verb, eastum c. -caksya v. + -cakse ev., -caksi v.; caksase v.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, caksyate etc. e.+
Cans, caksayati etc. v.e.
Derii;.
-caks EV.
caksya v.b.
caksani ev.
caksus
-caksa cb.
caksan av.
caksas v.b.s.
-caksin ayt.
caksana v. +
eaksu v.tr.
cacakse

Perf.

e.+.

etc.
;

y
Pres. [1.]

cancati

late

cane, 'dance'.

and doubtless derivative

catati

Perf.

cacata

Verb,

catita

root (perhaps

from cancala?).

'go'(?).

etc. c.

c.
c.

Sec. Conj.: Cans,

Deriv.:

g.

1/cat,
Pres. [1.]

v.

-cata

catayati

etc. c.

-catana

c.

-cataniya

c.

c.

Also a late root, perhaps a form of cat; cataka e.+, catu c, catu
probably have nothing to do -with

c.

it.

cat, 'hide'

(?)

catant ev.
cacata cete.]

Pres. [1.]
[Per/",

Aor.

3.

acicatam

-te ta.

[Fut. catisyati -te

eatta

Verb,

Deriv.

belong

catayati -te

v.b.

-words

catm

ev.

5.

Derir..-

-catana v.
or cattra

cataka c, catura c, eattra

-catnuka?
c.

can, 'be pleased'.

canistam ev., canisthat? ev.

canistha
canas V.B.

Compare

kan. The form canisthat

cand,

see

y cam,
Pres. [1.]

camati

b.

Perf.

eacama cemus

[Aor.

etc.

camanti

etc. c. [

ev.
is

9eand.

'sip'.

5.

caruv.+

plainly corrupt.

camnoti.]

e.

acami, acamit; camisyati, camita.]

ab.

probably do not

to this root.

y
Aor.

acatit, acatista.]

5.

catita.]

-eat EV.

The

v.

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

.-

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

45

camta

Verb,

s.

-camya

b.+

Desid.

caneam-.
(-camayya cos'.)

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

B.+
Deriv.

eamaka? n.
-cama s.+

[cal

cicamisa-

camana s.+
camasa v.+

pr. c.

Caus.

camayati

etc.

camti? V.+
-camti c.

Always with prep, a, except in Nirukta.

y
carati -te

Pres. [1.]

etc.

Perf.

cacara (caeartha

Aor.

3.

acicarat

(cacarit
Fut.

1.

Verb,

etc.

etc.

u.

caritva

caritum

etc.

Deriv.

Desid. cicarisati

c.

acarit

5.

v.b.u.s.

etc.

m.)

-tave

cirtva

m.,

carita.]

2.
v.,

-tavai

b.,

m.;

-carya

b.

-tos
;

b.s.,

carase

b.

etc. cb.

carcariti

Int.

cicarsati kb.

carcuryacarayati -te

av.b.;

etc.

Caus.

B.+ (caryate b.+)

eara v. +
cara by.

-caraniya c.
-earenya rv.
caritavya ii.+
cartavya e.

caraJsa b.+

-carya av. +
-carya s. +
earatha bv.

carana

v.

-caritr

carca

u.

carisnu v.+
-carsana? bv.

y
Sec. Conj.: Caus.

carsani v. +
cara av. +
caraka e. +
carin v. +
-carya b.+
carana e. +
caraniya c.
-caruka b.

earitra v.+

carani bv.
Compare ]/ cal.

Deriu.;

cere
b.s.

b.+,

eartva

b.+,

ay. +,

(acarisyat

caradhyai ev. -caram

Conj.: Pass, caryate etc. b.+
V.+

etc.

acarsam

4.

b.+, -te b.

Bv.;
Sec.

u.)

carisyati

e.

cerus

c.)

av.+

carita V.+, cirna

cartum

car, 'move'.

v.+

-carayitr

cicarisu

c.

c.

b.

care, 'repeat'.

carcayati c, carcita

carcaka
carcana

c.

ceru BV.
cacara bv.
carcara bv.c.
caracara v.b.
-carayitavya

e.

c.

-carci

s.

c.

-carci

c.

Probably in reality a denominative of carca, and this a frequentative

formation, perhaps from

car.

y
carvati etc.']
carvita c, ciirna

carv, 'chew'.

[Pres. etc.
Verb,

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.:

carvya

s.

carvitum

carvyate etc. c.
carvana

c.

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

calati

etc.

cacala celus

av.+, -te
etc.

e.+

c.

Caws, carvayati
c.

carvana

cal, 'stir.

etc. k.

c.

etc. c.

cumi

c.

Roots, Vekb-fobms,

call

calyasam;

[Aor.
Fut.

acalit.]

calisyati e.+

1.

calita

Verb,

Sec. Conj.:

e.

Aor.

5.

-cacali bv.
caJQcala e.+

calacala
cicalisu

v.e.
c.

cay, 'note, observe'.

eayaraana nv.
[eacaya -ye.] -cayam cakrus

cayati

cikyus

e.

d.').

m.)

car.

y
Perf.

e., -ti

calya e.+
calana e. +
-cacala av.

B.s.

ealitavya
cala c.

later variation of

Pres. [1.]

Desid. cicalisa- (in

-calu

-calaka b.+
calana e.+

ealayati b.+, -te u. (calyate

-cali AV.+
-calin c.

etc. c.

cala e.+
-calaka c.

calita.]

2.

ealcaliti ms., cacalat av.

Caus. calayati
Deriv.

calitum e.+

Int.

46

etc. b.,

aa.

acayisam

jb.

av. [acayista.]

cayisyati -te; cayita.]

[Fut.
Verb,

cita

Sec. Conj.:

eayaniya

Deriv.:

cayitva av. -cayya

Pass, eayyate ts.

b.

cayitr

c.

v.b.u.

cayu

c.

form, but an early specialized one, of

ev.

The meanings

2 ci.

]/

-citi b.

'reverence,

be in awe' are rare and secondary.

'gather.

|/ 1 ci,

Pres. [5.]

cinoti cinute

v.+

etc.

cinvati

(_3s.) c.

[2.]

ceti kv.

[1.]

cayat cayema ev.

Perf. cikaya etc. cikye -yire etc. v.+ [cicaya cieetha, cieye.]
Aor. 1. acet citana ciyantu ev. [ciyat.]
4. aeaisam etc. b. [acesta.]

Fut.

5.

cayistam

1.

cesyati -te

Fcr5. cita V.

ev.

b.+

etc.

cetum

2.

ceta

-tavai

b.+,

b.

etc. e.
;

citva

b.

cayitva

e.;

-citya c,

-ciya M.

clyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

sate
Deriv.:

etc. b.

kaya

vs.?

cieisati
e.

caya s.+
cayana av.+
cayaniya c.
cayitavya ms.
See

c.

[Int. ceci-.

Caus. eayayate

c.

Desid. ciki-

[capayati.]

-eayistha ev.

eft B,

citi AV.

-caya b.
-cay in e.+
-cayya b.

citya AV.B.

cetavya

-citya B.+

-cetr

B.

eeya

e.

citi B.+

-cicisa

b.

+
c.

2 ci.

y
Pres. [3.]

b.+ (-ciyant m.)

etc.

cikesi

etc. v.b.

2 ci, 'note, observe'

(cikihi

cikyat v., acikayus

Perf. cikaya etc. v.+

b.)

av.,

[5.]

ciketu

ts..

cikethe

cinoti cinute

e,

cikitam av.,
cayate etc. v.b,

ev..

[1.]

AND PkIMAKY DeKIVATIVES.

47

aeet aeidhvam
Fut. cesyati e.
Aor.

1.

cita

Verb,

cetum

e.

acesta

4.

-citya

e.

c.

eiyate
-caya V.+
-cayinE. +

-cetavyaE. +

-ceya

-cayana

cetr

-cira rv.

Sec. Conj.
I)eriv.:

v.

ev.

[cint

Pass,

etc. c.

cayaka
Compare

Desid. eikisati -te

-cit kv.

c.

etc. v.b.s.

v.u.

b.

citi b. +

c.

cay, wliich appears to te an early specialized form of this

The forms and derivatives of 2 ei are not
everywhere well separable from those of 1 ci, and there is reason to suspei^t
}/

cay (BR.

root;

3 ci) is another.

the two roots of being ultimately one; words with the prefixes nis and vi, especially, are probably best referred to 1 ci, with the

meaning

and

'take apart',

so 'resolve, decide'.

appear'.

cetante rv.

Pres. [1.] cetati etc.

ciketa cikitus etc. cikite -tre etc v.b.s. (ciketa; ciketati etc. cikeetc.
cikiddhi aciket, acikitat, eikitas cikitrire) [ciceta.]

Perf.

tat
Aor.

know,

cit, 'perceive,

aceti cetiRv., cite?Rv., citanti?

1.

[3.

acicitat.

4.

acait ev.

5.

rv.,

citana

v.b.

(-cetana rv.)

aeetit.]

[Fut. cetisyati, cetita.]

Verb, citta v.

+ cite ? rv. citaye vs.

cekite etc. -tat ev.c.
;

Sec. Conj.: Int.

(acikitsis av., cikitsyate

cetayati
Deriv.

-te

etc.

keta v.+
ketana e. +

etc.

Desid. eikitsati

e.+)

etc.

Caus. citayati

cetya

cetanaE.+

cikiti sv.

cit V.

cetas

cikitu

citi

cetistha

V.

c.

etc.

-te e.+

-te

etc.

rv.

v.+

cetya rv.
cetana v.+

ketii

etc. v.

cikitsaka b.+
cikitsyaE.+
cikitsana e. +

cikit rv.

V.

cikitsa b.+

rv.

v.b.

v.

cikitvan ev.

-cikitsaniya

cikitvit rv.

cikitsu av. +

citti V. +

cetu

Cittl RV.

-cetiina rv.

-ciketas

citra V.+

cettr

cikita

RV.

v.b.

u.

s.

c.

cetayitavya u.+
cetayitr b.+

Compare roots 2 ci and cint. The grammarians give two separate roots,
kit and cit, each with full sets of forms
which are not all reported here.

y
Sec. Conj.: Caus.

cintayita
Deriw

cinta

cintayati

etc.

oint, 'think'.
-te

etc.

b.+ (Jacicintat ;] cintyate

etc.

u.+;

c.)

+
cintaka e.+
E.

-cintin

c.

cintya v.+

Perhaps the denominative of

eintana e.+
cintaniya c.

-cintitr

e.

cintayitavya

a nasalized derivative of }/ cit.

c.

Rooxs, Verb-fobms,

eud]

y
codati -te

Pres. [1.]

Aor.

acucudat

3.

cudita

Verb,

'impel',

etc. v.

codis ev.

5.

m.

codayati etc. -te

-codin c.

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

Deriv.:

e.

cud,

48

coda Rv.c.
coda Rv.
codaka S.+

etc.

v.+ (eodyate

etc.

eodanas. +
codaniya b.
-codas ev.

codyaE.+
codanav. +

s.+}

codistha ev.
codayitavya c.
eodayitr ev.c.

coditr EV,

cup,

]/

Pres. [1,]

copati

'stir.

m'.

cucopa; acopit; copisyati, copita.]

cupita c.

[Perf. etc.
Verb,

-cumpuna?

Deriv.

v.b.

y
Pres. [1.]

cumbati

Perf.

cucumba

[Aor.

etc.

e.+, -te

Sec, Conj.

c.

c.

bayitum

cumbitum

cumbyate

Pass,

c.

cumba

Aor.

aeucurat

corayati

c.

cumbin

c.

cur,

e,+, -te e.+

etc.

coraka

y
A

c.

cumbana

(eoryate

c.)

corayitavya

c,

c.

in'.

single occurrence of a form from this bastard root, with

ud,

is referred

Bohtlingk's Lexicon, as found in the Mahaviracarita.

[Pres.

etc.

Sec. Conj.

cus, 'draw, suck'.

aeucusat, actisit; cusisyati, cusita.]

ciisati; cuciisa;
Pass.

Dew..- eusin

cUsyate

c.

c.

Caws, ciisayati

ciisana

c.

etisya e.+

y
Pres. [6.] crtati etc. v.b.s.

cacarta av.

c.

'steal',

eulump, 'suck

Perf.

c.

c.

Dew.; cora TA.+

to in

-cumbya

Desid. cueumbisati Caus. cum-

cumbaka

c.

y
Sec. Conj.:

etc. c.

c,

Deriv. :

3.

'kiss'.

acumbit; cumbisyati, emnbita.]

cumbita

Verb,

etc.

etc. e.

eumb,

1,

cosa c,
cosya e.+

crt, 'bind'.
cartati.]

c.

cosana

c,

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

49
[Aor.

acicrtat, aeacartat, acartit; cartisyati, cartsyati, cartita.]

etc.

crtta

Verb,

Sec. Con}.:

v.s.

is.s.

-ertam

crtyate

Caus. eartayati.J

-eartya

-crtya

Pass,

crtsa-.
Deriv.

u.

-cartana

is.

cestati

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

eieesta

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

cestita

av.+, -te

etc.

av.

Int.

-crt

b.

eest,

etc.

caricrt-.

v.

-crtya

'stir'.

b.+

B. (a-)

cyavate

Pres. [1.]

etc.

b.+, -te etc. s.+

etc.

cesta

c.

casta

s.

cestana e.+
cestitavya e.

eyu, 'move,

e.

v.+, -ti etc ev.? e.+

1.

cestayitr

stir'.

eucyuve kv. (cicyuse ev.)

cyavana? rv.
3. acucyavat -van -vus

Perf.

b.

acieestat aeacestat, acestit; cestisyati, cestita.]

e. +
cestitmn e. + cestitva b.

Derjv.; -eistuv

Aor.

Desid. cicartisa-, ci-

etc. e.

Conj.: Caus. eestayati

-Sec.

[chad

cyavat -virata cucyuviraahi

v.b. (-vit

ev.) [acicyavat.]

4.

-vitana cu-

acyosta

etc.

V.B.U.

Fut.

cyosyate b. [
2. cyota.]
cyuta v. + cyavitum e., cyotos

1.

Verb,

cb.

Desid. cueytisa-.

cyavayati
-te etc. V.+ [cicyavayisa-, cucyavayisa-] cyavayati pb'.
Denv. -cyava V.+
-cyaviyas ev. -cyavnka b.
cyautna
Sec. Conj.: [Int.

cocyu-.

Caus.

etc.

v.+,

cyavana

v.+

cyava

-cynt v.+

e.

cyavayisnii av.

-cyavas rv.
cyavana e.+
cyuti v.+
The EV. forms here grouped under the reduplicated
and doubtful

cyotati

[Perf. etc.

'drip'.

a.

Only a blundering varia

lectio for

y
1.

cyut,

cucyota; acyutat, aeucyutat, acyotit; cyotisyati, cyotita.]

Desid. cucyotisa-, cucyutisa-.
cocynt-.
] Caws, cyo-

tayati

Verb,

b.

etc. s.c.

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

[Pres.

cyavayitavya

aorist are of difficult

classification.

y
Pres. [1.]

rv.

chadati

channa

Sec. Conj.:

chad,

9cut, which

see.

'cover'.

-te.]

b.+

Caus.

chadayati

etc.

v.+, -te

etc.

e.+

(chadyate

etc.

dayisa-.])

Withney,

Supplement

II.

s.+ [cicha-

Roots, Vekb-forms,

chad]
-chad

Deriv.

chada

V.

chadi B.+
chadis v.+
chattra s.+

s.+

-chadin

c.

chadana

e.

chadman

chadya c.
chadana s.+

chalav e.+

-chada b.+
-chadaka c.
-chadin c.

s.+

chand, chad, 'seem,

please'.
^j

chantsi -ntti rv.ms.

cachanda rv. (eaehadyat

Pres. [2.]

Perf.

50

chandati

[1.]

b.e.

rv.)

acachadat c.
4. aehan -ntta -ntsus rv. (chantsat rv.)
Cans, chadayati etc. v.b.
chandayati etc. b.+, -te etc. ev.
(chandyate etc. e.+)
Deriv.
chandas v.+
chandya rv.
-chad rv.
chanda rv.
Aor.

3.

Sec.

Conj.:

chanda

chandakaE.+

V.+

Of very questionable relationship

to

chandu rv.
chandana c.
y chad 'cover', although the two

are

Hindu grammarians.

not separated by the

cha, 'cut up'.

etc. av.b.
chayati? tb.
ehayet c.
cachau; achat, achasit; chasyati, chata.]
chata s., chita cb.c. chayitva c. -chaya cb.

ehyati

Pres.

[Perf. etc.
Verb,

cacha-, cachi-.

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

Desid. cichasa-.

Caus.

chayaya-

ti B.U.

-chana

chavi -vi? B.+

DerJu..-

y
Pres. [7.]

cicheda cichide

Aor.

1.

chedma

rv.

acichidas

3.

AV.+ (chetsi
Fut.

e.

chinna

V.

etc.

-chid

v.

chida c.
chidura

Deriv.

Caus.

chotika

chindeta

c.

achinam

m.)
:

achaitsit

4.

etc.

etc.

v.b.s.

2.

achidat

b.+ (chetsit

b.+ (achetsyat m.)

chettum

etc.

v.+ (chidyati

etc.

etc.

av.+

b.+), chitsi

2.

etc.

cheda av.+

etc. e.)
etc.

chedayati

etc.

c, chotita

All very late and questionable forms.

c.

[Int.

-chidya av.h
cechid-.

s.+

-chedaka c.
-chedin e.+
chedya e.+
chedana b.+

chut, chud, 'wrench".

c.

chetta.]

chittvaE. +

Caws, chedayati

chidra V.+
c.

b.+, -ttavai b.s.

-chitti B.+

y
Sec. Conj.:

b.+

Desid. cichitsati -te jb.

Deriv.

v.+

[ehidyat;] achedi

chidyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

etc.

off".

etc. b.u.).

chetsyati -te

1.

FerS.

chid, 'cut

chinatti chindanti

Perf.

c.

chedaniya
chettavya
chettr b.+

cichitsu

e.

c.

e.-

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

51

y
[Pres.

etc.

churayati

-churana

Deriv.

ehrnatti

eacharda

Perf.

etc.

etc.]

c, churita

e.

chorayati

etc. c.

c.

y
Pres. [7.]

chur, 'scatter.

churati; cuchora; achorit;

See. Conj.: Caus.

[jafij

c.

etc. b.

chrd, 'spue,

[chrntte.

eject'.

chardati.]

1.

[-de.]

achrdat, acachardat aciehrdat, achardit, achrtta; chardisyati -te, chartsyati -te, chardita.]
Verb, chrnna k. charditva, chrttva.]

[Aor.

etc.

Sec. Conj.:

carichrd-.

[Int.

Desid. ciehardisa-, cichrtsa-.

chardayati -te etc. b. + [cichardayisa-.]

Deriv.; char dana S.+
chardi s.+
ehardis
chardaniya c.

jaks,

jagdhi c, ajaksus

Pres. [2.] jaksiti

c.

Cans.

chardayitavya

c.

'eat'.

kb.,

jaksat

(jpple')

u.c.

[1.]

jaksati

etc. u.c.

jajaksa; ajajaksat, ajaksit; jaksisyati, jaksita-]

jagdha v. + jagdhum c. jagdhva av.+, jagdhvaya rv.
Conj.: jajaks-; jijaksisa-; jaksaya-.]

[Perf. etc.
Verb,
[Sec.

jagdhi b.+

Deriv.

A reduplicated

form of

ghas.

The present forms found

later only in

the Bhagavata-Purana.

y
Pres. [2.]

jaksat

(pple) bv.cb.

reduplicated form of

]/
Pres. [5.]

jaghnuyat?

Found only
he renders

2 jaks, 'laugh'.

has.

jagh,

'eat,

devour.

c.

in Vasistha

(i.

23); but Biihler appears to read

it 'offend'.

y jajh.
jajhati nvK

Pres.

This

is a

a-. Xef.

of doubtful character and

meanin

y janj.
Pres.

janjati ev'.
This

is of

the same character as the preceding.

jahnuyat;

Roots, Vekb-fobms,

jan]

52

|/ jan, ja, 'give birth, be born'.

Pres. [1.]

janati -te

ms va

Ev.B.

etc. y.e.

[4.]

jayate

etc.

v.+, -ti

etc. e.

[2.] ja-

jajanti.]

3.

jajana jajniis etc. jajne etc. v.+ (jajaniis rv., jajanat b.)
Aor. 1. ajan (3s.) s., ajnata (Sp.') e.; ajani jani v.b., jani rv. jayat
5. ajanista etc. v. +, janistam ev.
E.+
3. ajijanat -nata etc. v. +
v.b.s.
-sista
janiseyam
(janisiya
-simahi
-ya k.; janisthat? sv.)
Perf.

Fut.

janisyati -te
janita b.+
1.

Verb.

jata

Sec.

Conj.
cb.

v.
:

+ ; janitos

v.+ (ajanisyata etcB.}, jasyati

v.b.s.

V.B.S.

[Pass,

etc.

e.

2.

janitvi rv.

janyate.
Caus. janayati -te

Deriv.

gna

etc.

Int.

etc. v.

janjan-, jaja-.

+ Qijanayiset

cb.)

Desid. jijanisate

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

53

y jambh,

jabh, 'chew up,

[Iji

crush'.

jambhate, jabhate.]
ajijabham av. [ajajambhat.
] 5. jambhisat bv.
av.
Verb, jabdha
jabhitum c.
Sec. Conj.: Int. janjabhana av.s., -bhat s. janjabhyate etc. b.+
Caus.
jambhayati etc. v.u.
i)eriu.; jambha V.+
jambhaka ii.+ jabhya? av.
jambhana av. +
[Pres.

Aor.

1.

3.

jambha

av.+

y
Pres. [1.]

jalpati

Perf.

jajalpa

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

etc.

etc. e.

jar, see

jr.

jalp, 'murmur, speak'.

b.+, -te etc.

(jalp ire

c.

c.)

ajalpit; jalpisyati, jalpita.]

jalpita e.+

jalpy ate c.
jalpin e.
jalpaka c.
jalpya e.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

jalpa E.+

y jas,

Pres. [1.]

jasamana

kv.

-jalpana
jalpi

e.

-jarjalpa? vs.

'be exhausted'.

jasyata

[4.]

jalpitr

c.

v.

(ip.) bv.

Perf. jajasa av.

Aor.

3.

ajijasata

Deriv.;

jasu

(jajastam

(3s.) cb.

jasayati

Sec. Conj.: Cdus.

etc.

Pres. [1.]

jayati -te

jigaya

-jay am asa
Aor.

1.

jesam

etc.

Verb, jita v. +

jes

ts..

v.+, -te

jetum

jesi jitam. bv.

jigisati -te

v.,

etc. v.

3.

v.e.s.,

jigivans b.+) jigye

ajijayat m.

jesat

ajayisata (3p.) c.
jayisyati
etc. e.
;

b.+,

Conj.: Pass, jiyate

jb.e.,

etc.

-te

4.

etc.

ajaisit

v.+

etc.

v.+

ev.), jjesi tb. (ajaislja

e.

2.

jeta

etc. b.e.

jise ev.

b.
jitva b. +
Desid.
Int. jejiya-.]
(jiyeyam m.) [
Caws, japayati etc. b.s. (ajijapata -jipata b.)

-tave

etc.

ev.

y Jan.

jigivans

jesma

van

ha.

c.

ajayit

5.

Fut. jesyati

Sec.

[2.]

j as

'conquer'.

1 ji,

see

[ajayi, jiyat] jajryat jub.m.

(ajais -ait
M.)

etc. v.

(jigetha et.

etc.

jah, see

y ja,
y

e.)

-jasra v.+

jasuri Ev.

BV.

Perf.

bv.)

b.+ (jasyate

e.+

-jitya av. +

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

Iji1
Deriv.

jaya v.+

jiti V.

jayin e.+

-jitvan

jayya

v.B.

-jay ana e.+

jina

jayus

jisnii V. +

Rv.

-jit

V.+

-jitya

B.

y
Pres. [5.]

c.

jasdsnu u.e.
jetva v.B.
jetavya e.+

-ji AV,

jinosi

jayitr

b.e.

jeman
jeman

rv.

jigyu Bv.

b.

jigisa V.+

jeya e.+
jesa v.B.s.

jigisu V.+

-jesin

-japayitr

-jigisin GB.E.

B.

b.

jayin b.+

jinv, 'quicken'.

ji,

ajinot

rv.ts.,

jayu RV.
jayuka ms.

jetr V.+

-jit vara c.

b.

54

jb.

jinve rv.

[1.]

jinvati

etc.

v.b.s.,

5.

ajivit

-te RV.

jijinvathus rv.

Perf.

[Aor. ajinvit.]
Fut.

jinvisyati ab.

1.

jinvita.]

2.

jinvita av.

Verb,

Deriv.

jira

-jinva rv.

jiri rv.

v.b.s.

y jiv,

'live'

Pres. [1.] jivati etc. v.+, -te etc. e.+

Perf. jijiva etc. b.+,

Aor.

etc.

Verb,

jivita

jivase

B.+, -te

b.+ (ajivisyam

etc,

v. +

jlvitum b.+

jivyate

Pass,
c.

jujyiisati

(jivapayati

ajijivat, ajijivat.]

3.

u.),

-te m.

-tavai av.

jivita.]

2.

jivitva

jb.

-jivya

e.

v.b.mi.

Sec. Conj.:

Deriu..

av.b.s.

AV.

jivisyati

1.

r.

jivyasam -yasma

1.

Fut.

-ve

etc. e.

b.+

etc. cb.

Int.

+ jijivayisa;

S.+

jivin B.+

Desid. jijivisati
Cans, jivayati

jejivya-.]

(jijyusita ab.)

etc. v.

in d.)

jivas

jivya e.+
jivanav.+
jivaniya av.+

jiva V.+

jivaka

etc.

jivatuv.+
jivatr

(in d.)

jivitavya

y jur,

see

-jivitr

v.b.e.

c.

c.

jijivisa

E.

jijivisu

E.

-jijivayisu

c.

e.

jr.

1/ jus, 'enjoy'.
Pres. [6.]

jusate

etc.

v.+, -ti

etc.

bv.e.+

[2.]

josi

v.

jujosa etc. v.+, jujuse etc. v.c. (jujosati etc. jujosat etc. rv.; jujosate RV., jujosate sv.; jujustana v.; ajujosam k.)
Aor. 1. ajusran rv. (josati josat josa rv. josase av. jusana v.b.c);
5. josisat rv.
3. ajtijusat.]
jusyat c. [
Perf.

[Fut. josisyate, josita.]

Ferft.

justa

v.,

justa

V.

+ justvi RV.
;

AKD PltlMABY DERIVATIVES.

55
Sec. Conj.
etc.

Dmv.;

jojus-.

[Int.

V.+, -ti

Desid. jujusisa-, jujosisa-

-jus V.+

-jusa

B.

josav. +
josya rv.

justi

V.

jo3anaB.+

-josas

jostr

josayate

josayitavya

v.u.

josayitr

v.b.s.

c.

b.

ju, -be swift'.

Perf.

junati etc. kv.

[1.] javate
jujuvus -vat -vans -vana rv.

[Aor.

3.

Pres. [9.]

etc.

rv.b.

ajijavat.]

juta

v.,

e. +
-javam ts.
javayati c. [jijavayisa-.J

javita

Sec. Conj.: Cans,

Beriv.:

Caus.

E.

Verb,

[2jr

javana v.+

Java v.+
javin V.+

javas

javistha v.
javiyas rv.b.u.

V.

juvas
ju

RV.

V.B.

juti V.B.U.
Related with

]/

jiv, and perliaps with

]/ ji

jinv; javita

is

more prohahly

denominative from Java.

y
jurvati etc.
jUrvit rv.

Pres. [1.]

Aor.

5.

jurv, 'consume'.

v.

Doubtless a secondary formation (u- or eiglith class) from

y
Pres. [1.]

[1.

jiryat.

jr jur.

'waste away'.

etc.

etc.

jajara av.

Perf.

Aor.

jr, jur,

jaranta rv. (jarant v.+)

[6.] jurati
av. +, -te etc. e. + juryati etc. rv.
[jajarus, jerus]; jujurvans rv.

jarati

jiryati

]/

etc.

rv.

[4.]

2.

ajarat.

3.

ajijarat.

] 5.

jarisus ev.

[Fut. jarisyati, jarita.]

Verb,

jirna av.+, jurna rv. [jaritva.]

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

jijirsa-.
v.:
Deriv.

jara v.+

jiryate

etc. c.

[Int. jajr-,

Caus. jarayati -te

etc.

jejirya-.

Desid. jijarisa-,

v.+ (jarayant rv.)

jrmbh]

Roots, Verb-forms,

jrmbh,

y
jfmbhate etc.
jajrmbhe etc. e. +

v.+. -ti

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

[Aor.

e.

jrmbha
jrmbha

+ jrmbhitva

E.

s.

jarijrmbhate

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Derjv.

Caus. jrmbhayati

c.

jrmbhaka

e.+

-jrmbhin

'loll,

pant'.

y jeh,

jih.

jrinbhanaE.+

v.

[Perf. etc. jijehe; ajijehat, ajehista;

jihma

seems probable,

as

etc. c.

c.

c.

jehamana

Pres. [1.]

If,

'gape'.

ajrmbhista; jrnibhisyate, jrmbhita.]

etc.

jrmbhita

Verb,

etc. b.

56

jehisyate, jehita; jehayati.]

v.+ belongs here, the root should be written

perhaps a secondary reduplicated formation from

It is

ha.

]/

*
jna, 'know'.

]/

Pres. [9.]
u.E.

janati -nite

jha

Perf. jajhaii

Aor.

ajhayi

1.

jnesam
Fut.

impv.)

(2s.

jajne
v.

av.b.

etc.

etc.

\.+ (janima janithas m.)

4.

ajhasam ajnasthas

P<iss.

-ti etc.

AT.

jhayate

[Int.

etc. v.h

B.+ (jijhasisi

jnaptum e. + jhapyate
;

cb. [jnipsa-]);

jhatavya

jijhu
u.

jinati

P^ff-

jijyah

Aor.

[1.

Fut.

1.

E.

y
Pres. [9.]

av.b.,

JyS', ji,

etc. v.b.s.

4.

+ -jnayam
;

etc.

b.

av.+,

Caus. jhapayati eic.

c; jhapta b.+ [jnapita],

e.+)

etc.

b.

Desid. jijhasate

jhapayati

etc. b. +,

-te

etc.

e.+

v.)

-jajhi V.B.

jnati V.+

etc.

ajijhapat

(jhapyate etc. e. +. ajnapisyat?

Deriv.: -janaka? e.
jhatr V.+
-jna V. +
jnatra e.
jha E.+
-jhaya v.b.
jhas E.V.
jheya b.+
v.

jajna-.

jijnasyate

B.,

-te u. (ajijnipat ts.

jnana

etc.

jhasyati -te etc. b.+ (ajnasyat m.)

2. jhata b.
jnata v. + jhatum b. +, -tos b. jnatva b. + -jhaya

Sec. Conj.

janati -te

c.

1.

Verb,

1.

v.+

jneyas rv. [jhayat.]

6. ajhasisam etc. av. +

-jnapya c.
-jhapana av.
jhapti c.

jhapaka e. +
jhapya e.+
jhapana c.
jhapaniya c.

-jhapayitavya

c.

jijhasa b.+

jijhasyaB.+
jijhasana c.
-jijhasenya b.
-jijhasitavya

jijhasu

E.

u.

'overpower, injure'.

jiyate ev.cb.

B.

jiyat.

] 6.

jyasyati -te

Verb, jita AV. [jina;

b. [

2.

etc. b.

jyata.]

jitva; -jyaya.]

jajya-, jejiya-.
jiyate av.ms.
Caus. jyapayati, ajijyapat.]

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

etc. V.B. [

ajyasisam

[Int.

Desid. jijyasati

AND Primary Derivatiyes.

57
IDeriv
V.

-jlti V.B.S.

[jhat

jhan]

Roots, Verb-forms,

single occurrence,

jhanati, in the Harsacarita

y
jharant
jhara e.+

Pres. [1.]

Deriv.:

jhar,

(Bo.).

'fair

c^.

-jharana

c.

very questionable root.

y
[Pres. etc.

Aor.

58

jhan, 'sound'.

y
A

tank,

'cover'

(?)

tankati, tatanka.]

atanki c.
tankita c.

1.

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

Cans,

tanka

tankayati

c.

e.+

Most probably a denominative of tanka,

rather.

y' tal, 'be confused'.

Pres. [1.] talati c.

single late occurrence, doubtless

tik,

y
Pres. [1.]

tikate

artificial.

'trip'.

c.

single late and doubtless artificial occurrence.

Bo. gives also uttlkita,

tup,

'swell'.

Bo. suggests such a root as origin of (a-)

y dam,
A

topa

e.+

y damb,

||

'sound'.

single doubtful (onomatopoetic?) occurrence,

damant

c.

'mock'.

dambate? c.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. dambayati etc. c. (dambyate c.)
Deriv.: -damba c. -dambaka c. -dambin c. -dambya
Pres. [1.]

c.

-dambana

c.

All forms only with prefix vi.

di,

'fly'.

diyate c?
[1.] day ate c?
[Perf. etc. didye; adidayat, adayista; dayisyate, dayita.]
Verb, dina e. + -diya c.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, diyate c.
[Int. dedi-.
Desid. didayisa-.
] Cans
dayayati c.
Z)mu.; -dayana c.
-diyana e.
ditara? cb.
-diyana c.
Pres. [4.]

A later

form of

]/

but without statement of authority.

di, and rare, except in

dina.

AND Pkimaby Derivatives.

59

y
Sec. Conj.

Caus.

-dvalana

iJeriv.

dvalayati

ql^al, 'mix'.

etc. c.

c.

Only used by one scholiast; no proper

y
dhaukate

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

dudhauke

[Aor.

etc.

[taks

dhauk,

root.

'approach'.

etc. c.

c.

adudhaukat, adhaukista; dhaukisyate, dhaukita.]

dhaukita e.+

Verb,

Sec. Conj.:

kayati

dodhaiik-.

[Int.

dudhaukisa-.

Desid.

dhau-

Caus.

etc. c.

Deriv. dliavikana

c.

y tans,

tas, 'shake'.

tansati -te.]
tatasre ev.

[Pres. 1.

Perf.

Aor.

2.

atasat

Sec. Conj.: Int.

3.

atatansatam

tantasaite

b.v.

ev.)

-tansa B.+

tansu'?E.+

-tansana

tansayati

v.b.

-tasti? b.+

takti atakta ev.

etc.

vs.,

-te

-tantasasrya bv.
titaii? bv.s. +

'rush'

takati.]

tataka ; atakit takisyati, takita.]

Verb, takta ev. -tankam av.
takva
takavana ev.
Deriv. : -takaua c.

[Perf.

Caus.

tasara

c.

y tak,
Pres. [2.]

kv.

[tantasyate.]

(tansayadhyai

Rv.
Deriv..-

av.b.

taku

EV.

Probably not

to

be separated from

ev.

takvan

-takri? ev.

-takvari

av.

v.b.

tac , which with prefix a has won

special meaning.

y
taksati

Pres. [2.] tasti ab.,

[1.]

Perf.

taksati

tataksa

etc.

etc. v.

tasta

Deriv.:

[5.]

taksnuvanti

etc.

b.s.

v.+, -te etc. e.+

+ (taksathus taksus

v.b.),

tatakse

[Fut. taksisyati,
Verb,

(3p.) etc. ev.

] 5. ataksisus ev. (taksisat

taksyati taksita, tasta.]
-taksya c.

Aor. [3. atataksat.

[Sec. Conj.:

taks, 'fashion'.

etc. v.e.

s.)

v. +
taksya-; tataks-; titaksisa-, titaksa-; taksaya-.]
;

taksa S.+
taksaka av. +

taksya ev.
taksan v. +

taksana

s.+

tasti

c.

tastr ev.

tanol

Roots, Vebb-forms,

60

tane, tac, 'coagulate'.

tanakti etc. b.s.

etc. tatanka; atanksit, atancit; tanksyati tancisyati, tankta

Pres. [7.]

[Perf.

taneita.]
Verb, [takta;]
[Sec. Conj.

[taktva, taneitva;] -tacya

tatane-, tatacya-

-tanka E.+
-tankya b.s.

Deriv.:

See

b.

titanksa-, titancisa- ; tancaya-.]

-tancana

takman

b.s.

takran. +

av.

tak. Only used with a.

]/

y tat,

'clatter.

A single fonn, tatati, in Adbh. Brah., doubtless an onomatopoetic formation.

y tad,
Perf.

tadhi?
tatada c.

[Aor.

3.

'beat'.

Rvi.

Pres. [2.]

atitadat.]

Sec. Conj.:

tadayati

Caus.

etc.

e.+ (tadyate e.+)

tadaka

-Denu.; tadit V.+

tada AV.+

-tadin

]/ 1

tadaniya

tadya e.+
tadana e.+

e.+
c.

tadayitr

c.
c.

tan, ta, 'stretch'.

tanoti tanute etc. v.+

tatana etc. v.+ (tatantha v.b. [tenitha]}, tenus etc. e.+ (tatanat
etc. tatananta tatanyus et.); tene etc. av. + (tatane kv., tatne etc,

Pres. [8.]

Perf.

v.,

Aor.

tate Rv.)

atan

1.

etc. B.V. [

B.

Fut.

3.

etc.

atanit ms. [atanit, atanista.]

tansyate b. [tanisyati -te.]

v. +
tantum e.; tatva

1.

Verb,

5.

tata

-taya

tayate

etc.

titansa-, titanisa-.
:

2.

e.,

tatvaya

[tanita,] tayita
b.

c.

[tanitvaj; -tatya b.+,

c.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

2. atanat
(atathas atnata) v.b.; atayi b.
atitanat.]
4. atansit b. (atan v.), atasi atansmahi

atata

e.v.,

tan v.
tana ev.
tana av.
tanaya v.+
tanas ev.
-tani

Compare

V.

y tay.

v.+,

tanyate

etc. c.

Caus. taijayati av.c.

taniman

b.+

tanistha b.s.
taniyas b.

tanu V.+
tanu V.+
tanus E.

tanti V.+

[Int.

tantan-.

Desid.

AND Primary Derivatives.

61

2 tan, 'roar'.

tanyati rv.

Pres. [4.]

tanyata

Deriv.:

[tark

Appears

tanyatii

kv.

tanayitnu

tanyii kv.

v.

be au abbreviated form of

to

}/

av.

stan.

tand, 'be weary'.

tandate rv'. (tandrat v rv'.)

tandra v. +
tandri e. +

Pres. [1.]

Deriv. :

y
tapati -te

Pres. [1.]

tatapa tape

Perf.

Aor.

v.+

v.

etc. e.

c.

taptum

tapyate etc. v.+

Caus. tapayati etc.

etc.

b.+

e.

-pe rv. (titapasi av.)

tapisyati

taptos

ck.;

etc. e.

2.

b.

+;

taptva

tatapyate etc. e.+ [

-te etc. AV.+ (tapyate b.e.
Itht.

titapsa-.]

R.+, -te

e.,

Conj.: Pass,

etc.

sv.

etc. v.b.s.,

-tapya

tapyati

[4.]

atapthas? av.
b. + (atapsyat m.), -te

tapana

Sec.

tap, 'heat'.

+ [tatapate rv.)
atapi v.is.
3. atitapat

tapsyati etc.
tapta E.
Verb, tapta v. +
tapita

Fut.

av. +

etc. v.

atapsit

1.

4.

etc.

tandri

Desid.

tapita

fut. e.)

-tap

Deriv.

tapu

Rv.s.

RV.

tapa V.+
tapya e.
tapana v.+

tapus

tapana,-niv.B.

taptavya

tapas V.+

taptr

V.

tapusi
tapti

v.B.

c.

e.

E.

y tarn,
Pres. [4.]

Perf.

Aor.

tamyati

tatama
[1.

atami.

tamta
:

e.

tapayitr

E.
c.

tapayisnu

rv.

'faint'.

] 2.

tamat

rv.b.s.

etc.

tamita.]

b.

s.

tamas v.+

tamisici

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

tarka
tarka

tamti c.
-tameru

v.

tamisra

y
.

-tapitr?

b.

tapana

Caus.

tamana

Deriy.

tapyatu v.b.
tapa AV.+
-tapaka c.

-tapya

tamitos b.s.
tamayati etc. b.s.
tami c.
tamaka c.

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

b.+, -te etc. e.

-tapin B.+

b.

[Fut. taniisyg,ti^
Verb,

etc.

tapistha v.
tapisnu e.
tapiyas c.

v.

tamra

tama

c.

-tamaka c.
tami s.
tamra av.+

vs.

rv.

tark, 'think'.

tarkayati -te

etc.

S.+

tarkaka

E.

tarkin

e.+ (tarkyate

e.

c.

Probably a denominative formation.

etc.

e.+)

-tarkyaB.+
tarkana e.+

tarkaniya e.
tarkukav e.

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

tarj]

y tarj,

62

'threaten',

Pres. [1.] tarjati etc. e.+, -te e.

[Perf.

etc.

tatarja; atarjit; tarjisyati, tarjita.]

+ -tarjya e.
Con}.: Cans, tarjayati etc.

Verb, tarjita e.

Sec.

X)riu.;

tarjaka

e.+, -te e.

tarj ana e.+

c.

tas, see

y
y
[Pres.

etc. e.)

tans.

tan.

ta, see

tay, 'stretch'.

tayate.]

1.

tayam cakre?

Perf. [tataye]

[Aor.

(tarjyate

tarjanaE.+

etc.

jb.

atayi, atayista; tayisyate, tayita.]

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

tayyamana

vs.

Very questionable forms. The

jb.

manuscript reads

(iii.

177)

anusamta-

yayam cakre. Belongs probably in some way to y tan, ta. The BhagavataPurana has once tayita(periph. fut.), which is given above under y tan.

y
Pres. [1.]

tav.

tavati av.

Probably a false reading.

ti, 'crush'.

Pres. [5.] tinoti c'.

single occurrence, and most probably a false reading.

y
Pres. [1.]
Per/".?

Verb,

tejate

etc.

tij,

'be sharp'.

bv.cb.

titigdhiB.s.

tikta

Sec. Conj.:

v.

Int.

tetikte

(titiksmahe

m.)

etc. v.b.

Desid. titiksate etc, v,+, -ti

Caus. tejayati

etc.

etc.

e.+

tejana v.+

tejiyas rv.c.

tigita Kv.

tiksna v.+
tega? vs.

tejas v.+

tigmav.H-

teja

tejistha

titiksaE.+
titiksu av.+

Deriu.; -tikti

B,v.

c.

v.b.s.

tim, 'be quiet',

timyant ci. [timyati.]

etc. titema etc.:, tetimya-.]

Pres. [4.]

[Perf.
Verb,

timita

Deriv.:

Ap

e.

k.

timi? e.+

timira? e.+

parently related with

]/

tam;

the participle, with that of

stim.

AND PkIMARY DeRIYATIVES.

63

tir, see

y
Accepted by BR. in

tr.

til.

24 pratilami

vs. xxiii.

[tur

(ts. tb.

prasulami); but

an unintelligible and probably false reading.

tu, 'be strong'.

Pres. [2.] taviti rv. [tauti.]

tUtava

Perf.

Ev. (tutos -ot rv.)

tavituat ev.
tava-? Ev.
tavas

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Derii'..-

tavya
tavya ts.
tavas V.B. s.
EV.

tavyas ev.
tivrav.+

tuvi-

tavisi ev.

tumra?

tuya

taviyas

turav.+

tavisa

y
A

v.

v.

v.

tuvis-

bv.

v.b.

v.

tiituma?

ev.

tuc, 'impel, generate'.

root or root-form (see

tuj) inferable from the following derivatives

toka

-tuka? EV.

tuc EV.

v.vs.

v.

tokman, -ma

tunjanti tunjate (3p.} etc. ev.

[1.] tiinjamana ev.
1. tojati.]
tujant tujete kv. [
Perf. tutujana (and tutujana) tutujyat ev. [tutoja.]

Verb,

etc.

-tiije ev., tuj aye? v.

tujyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

;

[6.]

atojit; tojisyati, tojita.]

tujase ev.,

Deriv.

tuj, 'urge, thrust'.

Pres. [7.]

[Aor.

v.

etc.

ev.

Caus. tujayant

tuj v.

tuji ev.

tugra

tujya EV.

tunja

tugvan

ev.

etc. v.

tunga

ev.
ev.

E.

tUtUJi EV.

This and the preceding are probably two forms of the same root
connection of meaning, compare the roots su,

'?

For the

sii.

tud, 'push, thrust'.

tudati etc. v. +, -te e.

tu[7?] tundana av.. tundate ev. (
dayati av.)
Perf. tutoda V. + [tutiide.]
[Aor. etc. atutudat, atautsit atutta totsyati -te, totta.]
Verb, tunna v. +
[tuttva;] -tudya e.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, tudyate etc. e. +
Int. totudyate s. [
Desid. tututsa-.]
Caus. todayati etc. e. + (todyate e. +)
Deriv.: -tud s.e.
-todinv.+
todana c.
tunda? c.
t6ttraB.+
-tudaAV.+
todav. +
todya c.
Pres. [6.]

tur, see

tr.

Roots, Vebb-fobms,

turv]

y
turvati

Pres. [1.]

Deriv.

turva

etc.

turv, turv, 'overcome'.

ev.b.

turvan

bv.

specialized form of

turviti ev.

bv.

turvani

64

tur,

tr,

turvi bv.

bv.

which the derivatives might in part

to

with equal propriety he referred.

|/tul,

weigh'.

'lift,

[Pres. 1. tolati.]

Cans, tolayati

Conj.:

Sec.

e.+ (tolyate c); tulayati

etc.

etc.

-te

e. +,

etc. E.

Deriv

tula

tulya s. +
tulana c.

c.

tulaB.+

tolaka c.
tolya c.

tolana

e.

]/ tu9, 'drip'.

t09ate

Pres. [1.]
Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

BR.

toQaya bv.
-toQana

Cans.

to9a

(tOQe bv.)

etc. v.

bv.

two or three of the forms

refer

y tus,
Pres. [4.]

tusyati

Perf.

tutosa

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

tusta

-te

etc. s.+,

togas bv.
root 2 tuq

bv.
to a

'be content'.

c.

e.+

etc.

atusat, atiitusat; toksyati, testa.]

Sec. Conj.:

e.

tostum

totus-.

[Int.

e.

-tusya c.
tutuksa-.

tusayanti bv.
-tosaka c.
tiisnim? V.+
tosinE,+
tosa E. +
tosya e,

(tosyate

c.)

turyama

Cans, tosayati

jb.+

etc.

etc.

v.+, -te

[3.]

titarti

bv.

etc.

etc.

tosayitr

turv.

[6.]

tirati -te

bv.c. [tutorti.]
;

-santa bv.
Perf. tatara v. + (tatarusas bv.), terus
BV. tuturyat -yama bv.

turya
e. +,

etc. v.b.s.

tarute

[8.]

turati -te

bv'.

tarusema

bv^.

tatare

c.

Fut.

1.

atari

5.

atarit

v.B. [tiryat.]
etc. v.b.s.

tarisyati

(atarima

etc. s. +,

-te

atitaras av.

3.

bv.

etc. e.

tarisat

4.

titirus titirvans

atarsit

etc. v.b.s.;

+ [tarisyati.

2.

[2?]

-sante

Aor.

e.

c.

tur, 'pass'

tir,

v.+

see

tiryati? av.

[4.]

tosayitavya

tosana e*+
tosaniya e.+
tostavya c.

turv,

y ty,
tarati

etc. v.B.

Desid.

Deriv.: tusti E.+

Pres. [1.]

= tus.

etc.

s.+

tarisimahi

tarita.]

bv.)

AND Primary Derivatiyes.

65

tirna v.+. turta

Verb,

E.

Kv.

tirtva

tarisani rv.

Av.u.;

v.,

Deriv.

s.

tartum

taritumE.+, taritum

e.+.

-tirya e.+. -turyaiiv.: -tiram -tire nv.; taradhyai

tiryate?E.

Sec. Conj.: Pass.

[tatr-.]

turna

cb..

[tn>

Desid. titirsati

Cans, tarayati

e.+, -te

av.+, -te

etc.

-yante rv.
tara v.+
tarin? av.
tarya rv.

tartr- rv.. taritr- rv.

Int.

etc.

taras

v.

taras

sv.

s.+ (tairyate

etc.

tartvir- rv.

tutursati rv. [titarisa-.]

etc. e..

e.+);

etc.

turayant

tartavya e.
taritavya s. +

tara

tariyas kv.
taruv RV.

-tarituv

tarin ev.e.+

-taritr

v.

taruna?v.+

tarutr

v.

tarani v.+
-taratha? c.

tarus RV.
tarusa v.
tarusas rv.

-taritra?

e.

-tarman

rv.

-tira Av.B.

tirasv v,+

tari

E.

tarana v. +
taraniya e. +

tarutra

av. +

taraka

v.b.

e.+

tarya av.e.+
tarana e. +
-taraniya

rv.

-tarayitr

c.

n.

tira b.+

titirsa

tirtha v.+

titirsu E.+

c.

tiir RV.B.

turas- rv.

-turti v.b.

taturi

tura

turi rv.

turni v.b.
-turya v.b.s.

-tartura rv.

RV.

turana

turya

rv.

ts.

V.B.S.

tuturvani

rv.

torana? e.+
Compare

tur (oftener given

roots

y
Pres. [".]

trnatti

trd,

turv, tvar, and tra.

'split, bore'.

trntte

etc. v.b.u.,

as a separate root),

cb.

(atrnam

kbu.)

tatarda etc. v.c. (tatarditha rv.). tatrdana rv.

Aor. 1. tardas rv., trdyus s. [
3. atatardat, atitrdat.

tardati.]

1.

Perf.

[Fut.

tardisyati

Verb,

trnna

tartsyati -te

-te,

b.s.u.

-trdya

b.s.

Conj.: [Int. taritrd-.

Sec.

-te.]

Deriu.

Caus. tardayati

tarda AV.+
trada rv.
tardana v. +

trpyati

etc. c.)

Perf.

Aor.

tatarpa
1.

[6.]

trpyasma

-tfdas

Desid. titrtsati

-trd rv.
av.b.s. -trtti b.

-te

e.+

(tatrpus -pana

v.)

ts.

-panta av.
1. atrapsyat

etc.

etc. v.b.s.

trmpati

2.

b.

v.b. [-te;

trdila rv.

trtsu? rv.
av.

atrpat

[5.]

[1.]

etc. v.b.

trpnoti

tarpanti

etc.

(trpant rv.)

(trpnoti

3.

atitrpat

eic.

atarpit.]
atarpsit, atrapsit.
tarpita, tarpta,
[tarpsyati, tarpisyati.
5.

4.

2.

trpta av.+.

Whitney, Supplement

v.b.

e.

trapta.]
Verb,

titardisati

trp, 'be pleased'.

+ [atatarpat.

Fut.

etc.

s.

-tardi"? e.

av. +,

atardit.]

v.

tfnman?

etc.

etc. e.

5.

tardita.]

tardman

y
Pres. [4.]

II.

Roots, Verb-forms,

trp]
Sec. Conj.:

taritrp-.

[Int.

tarpayati etc.
-tarpaka c.

v.+, -te

Derir..-

-tarpya
talpa? AV.+
e.

Desid. titrpsati v. [titarpisa-.]

etc.

66

v.+ (tarpyate

etc. e.

titarpayisati

tarpana av.+
tarpaniya u.

-trpa rv.c.
trpala rv.

trpra?
-trpsu

-trp Ev.

trpti

tatrpi rv.

v.b.

Cans.
b.s.)

v.b.s.

ta.

tarpayitavya
and paQUtrp rv.

trpti RV.

Some

accept

a,

2 trp

'steal' for

y
Pres. [4.]

asutrp

v.c.

b.

trs, 'be thirsty'.

etc. v.b.

tfsyati

Perf. tatrsus -sana tatrsana rv.

Aor. 2. trsat etc. av.b., trsana rv.

atitrsama

3.

etc. v.b.

[Fut. tarsisyati, tarsita.]

trsta?

Verb, trsita v. +,
Sec. Conj.:

tarsitva.]

adj. v. [trsitva,

Cans, tarsayati

[tarsita e.+)

etc. b.

tarsana c.
tarsula e.

Deriu.; tarsa E.+

tarsya- RV.

trsE. +

trsu rv.

trsa

trsnav.+

c.

trsya

y
Pres. [7.]

trsnaj rv.

v.

trh, 'crusli'.

trnedhi trnecLhu trnlianti

etc. v.b.

[trnehmi.

6.

trhati,

trnhati.]

tatarha av.
Aor. [1. trhyat; atarhi.
Perf.

atarhit.

5.

[Fut. tarhisyati,
Verb,

trdha

rv.

atrham

3.

atatarhat, atitrhat.

-tarham

av. [tarhitva];

trhyate

etc.

av.

Int.

av.

taritrh-.

Desid. titarhisa-,

v.

y tyaj,
Pres. [1.]

av.

tarksyati tarhita, tarctha.]

Caus. tarhaya-.J

tarhana

Deriv.

] 2.

atrksat.]

trdhva

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

titrksa-.

7.

tyajati

etc. s.+,

-te

etc.

'forsake'.

e.+

tatyaja tatyaje etc. e.+ (tityaja rv., tityagdhi? k.)

3. atityajat.
tyajyat; atyaji.
] 4. atyaksit etc. e.+
2. tyakta.]
Fut. 1. tyaksyati -te etc. e., tyajisyati -te etc. e. + [
Verb, tyakta .+, tyajita c tyaktu- e.; tyaktva e. + -tyajya b.+

Perf.

Aor.

[1.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

tyajyate

Caus. tyajayati

Deriv.

etc. e.

etc. e.

Desid. tityaksa-

Int. tatyaj-.]

+ (tyajyate

c.)

-tyaj V.+

tyaj ana avp.

tyaktavyaE.+

-tyajaE.+

tyaj as rv.

tyajya e.+

tyajas

tyaktrE.+
tyaga v.+
tyagin e. +

v.

tyajaka c.
tyajya e.+
-tyajana

c.

c.

AND Primary Derivatives.

67

y
Pres. [1.]
etc.

[Perf.

'^trut

trap, 'be abashed'.

trapate etc. e.+, -ti etc. e.

trepe; atrapta, atrapista; trapsyate trapisyate, trapta

trapita.]

tatrap-.

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

payati
trpra?

DeWr.

trapaE.+
trapa e.+

v.B.s.

y
Pres. [1.]

trasati

Desid. titrapsa-, titrapisa-.

Cans, tra-

[trapayati.]

etc. c.

etc.

-trapana c.
-trapaniya

tras, -be terrified'.

v.+. -te

etc. e.

[4.]

trasyati

tatrasa tatrasvis etc. e.+, tresus e. + (^tresus

5. trasis cb. [atrasit.]
Aor. 3. atitrasan av.
2. trasita.]
Fut. 1. trasisyati e. [
Verb, trasta b. + -trasas k.
Perf.

trapu.'AV.+
c.

e.+. -te

etc.

m^.

I,

etc. c.

tatrasire

e.

Sec. Conj.: Int.

etc.

Deriv.

tatrasyate

Av. +, -te

etc. e.

jb.

trasa v.+

trasara

trasana

trasnu

s.

]/

Pres. [4.]
etc.

trayate

Aor.

4.

Fut.

li

Verb,

v.+

trasa av.+
trasaka c.
trasin e.

c.

b.

titrasisa-.]

Cans, trasayati

e.)

trasana e. +
trasaniya c.
-trasiika

b.

tra, 'rescue'.

trasva tradhvam

[2.]

rv.,

trati trahi

v.b.

atrasmahi

9B.

(atrasatam

trasyate etc. b. +, -ti e. [

trata b.+ [trana]; tratum

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

etc.

Desid.

E.+

tatre

Perf.

(trasyate

tra

Pass,
V.

trayate

etc. c.

e.

cb.,

trata.]

2.

trasate trasathe -sitham rv.)

tratva

c.

Roots, Verb-forms,

tvaks]

tvaks, 'fashion'.

y
^Pres. [2.]

tvaksana

rv'.

68

tvaksati.]

1.

tatvaksa; atvaksit; tvaksisyati, tvaksita tvasta.]

X>em\ ; -tvaksana Ev. tvaksas ev.
tvaksiyas ev.
tvasti
tvastr
Compare ]/ taks.
[Perf. etc.

y
Pres. [1.]

tvangati

tvang,

Perf.

atitvarat

etc.

[atatvarat.

3.

[Fut.

tvarisyate, tvarita.]

Verb,

tvac v.+

and atuc ev. 'dimness'.

'

5.

tvarita e.+
Conj.: [Int. tatvarya-, totur-.

Sec.

'skin',

b.+, -ti etc. e.+

Aor.

e.

for

tvar, 'hasten'.

y
tvarate
tatvare e. +

'leap'.

tvac, 'cover'.

assumed by some

Pres. [1.]

artificial.

y
root is

V.

etc. c.

Late and probably

Such a

c.

atvarista.]

Desid.

titvarisa-.

Cdus. tva-

(tvaryate e.); tvaraya- c.

Deriv. tvara c.
tvara s. +
tvarana av.
tvaraniya e.
A secondary root-form from y tr, tur, under which are here placed the
rayati

etc.

av.+, -te

etc. e.

derivatives with tur- (tHrta, turti, tiirna).

y
atvisus ev.
tvesati -te.]

Pres. [2.]

Perf. titvise etc. ev.

[Aor.
Verb,

etc.

tvis, 'be stirred up'.

[6.]

tvisita ev.
:

tvisyant

c*.

tvise ev.

tetvis-

tvisa

titviksa- ; tvesaya-.]

c.

tvisi

v.b.s.

tvesa

v.b.

y tsar,
Aor.

[4.]

(atitvisanta ev.) [titvisus.]

Deriv.: tvia Y.+

Perf.

atitvisat, atviksat -ksata; tveksyati -te, tvesta.]

[Sec. Conj.

Pres. [1.]

atvisanta ev.

tsarati

'approach

tvesin
tvesya

ev.
ev.

tvesatha ev.
tvesas ev.

stealthily'.

etc. v.b.s.

tatsara ev.
4.

atsar ev.

5.

atsarisam

cb.

[Fut. tsarisyati, tsarita.]

Verb,
Derit?.

-tsarya
;

tsara

cb.
c.

tsaru v.+

-tsara v.+

tsarin

v.b.

1.

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

69

y
Pres. [1.]

thurvant

thurv

[dan

ms!

Probably a false reading; the edition has turvant, with one of the manuscripts (and the parallel texts).

danc, da9,

y
Pres. [l.J

da9ati

dadanqus

Perf.

v.+, -te

etc. e.

(dadaqvans

danQati

c'.

rv.)

da9yat, adadariQat, adanksit.]

2. dansta.]
daQisyati e. [danksyati.
dasta av. + danstva js.; -da9ya e.

[Aor.
Fut.

etc.
b.

'bite'.

1.

Verb,

danda9ana nv. (danda9ayitva

Desid. didanksa-.] Caus. dan9ayati
+ (dan9ita
+)

Sec. Conj.
[

da9yate

Pass.

Int.

etc. e.

c.)

adj. e.

etc. s.

Dcrii;.;

dan9a Av. +
dan9aka c.

dan9anaE.+
daneuka b.

danstrS v.+

da9av

dan9nian

da9ana

-dan9in

danstf

danksnu

av.

y
:

dans,

ii.+

e.+

b.

'be wondrous'.

dansayas bv'.
dansas v.b.
-dansa ev.
dansana nv.s. dansistha rv.

Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

av.

av.s.

Caus.

daks,

dansu ev.
dasmant rv.

dasma
dasra

v.

v.

'be able'.

daksate etc. v.b., -ti ev.

dadakse e.
f
5. adaksista.]
3. adadaksat b. L
J

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Aor.

daksisyate b. [ 2. daksita.]
Sec. Conj.: Caus. daksayati etc. b.
Deriv. daksa v. +
daksas v.
Fut.

1.

daksayya

y dagh,

'reacb

1.

daghnuyat b.
dhak dhaktam daghma daghyas

daghisyante jub.
-daghas b.. -daghos cb.
Deriv. -dagh s.
-daghna
Fut.

daksina

to'.

Pres. [5.]

Aor.

ev.

ev.

2? daghat

b.

1.

Verb,

see

da.

y dadh,

see

dha.

y
dan danas

rv.

Very doubtful forms.

-daghvan

dad,

Pres.

v.

dan,

'straighten' {?).

v.b.

v.

+ +

Roots, Vebb-forms,

dabh]

y
Pres. [1.]

dabhati

].

dabh, dambh, 'harm'.

etc. v.b.

dadabha debhus

Perf.

Aor.

dabhiis ev.

ev.
3.

dadambha

adadambhat.

dambhisyati, dambhita.]

Verb,

dabdha

dabdhum
dabhyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

dipsati

v.b.

etc.

dabhnoti

[5.]

[Fut.

v.;

b.

ev.

Pres. [4.]

damyati

[Aor.

adamlt.]

Verb,

damta

b.

Deriv.

dam

dam,

damayati

dambhinE.
-dambhana

dambbaka

dipsu

c.

v.

e.

-damya

e.?

etc. v.

dam.in

damanav. +

dama b.

-damya

dayate

v.

'contror.

damav.+

etc.

dayam asa

[Aor.

darabhaE.+

-damatra

Pres. [1.]

ev.

Desid.
Cans.

cb.

e.

v.+.

damitr ev.
damayitr e.

s.+

e.

y day,
Perf.

dabhyav.+

damakaE. +

V.

ev.)

5.

[dhipsa-, didambhisa-.]

jb.

[damtva,] damitva

Sec. Conj.: Cans,

(dadabhanta
adambhit.]

av.

dadambh-, dadabh-.]

Int.

dambhayati etc. v.b.

Deriv.: dabha v.
dabdhi b.s.
dabhya EV. -dabhna? av.
dabhiti ev. dabhra v. +
dabha v.b.

etc. v.b.

[dambhitva, dabdhva;] -dabhe

dhipsati

70

dayamasi

'share'.
av.

c.

adayista; dayisyate, dayita.]

dayita e. +
Conj. [Int. dandayya-, dadayya-.
etc.

Verb,
Sec.

Deriv.

daya

v.

dayitnu

secondary form of

]/

On(..

dayayet

c.

s.

da

from which

"divide",

it

is

hardly worth

separating.

daridra,

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

dalati

etc.

dra.

dal, 'burst'.

e.+

dadala.]

Aor.

5.

adalit

Fut.

dalisyati -te

Verb,

see

dalita

e.

c.

c.)

etc. c.

(^adalisyat

c.)

Sec. Conj.: Cans,

te

[adalit.]

dalayati

ec. c.

dalayati

eic.

e.

+ (dalyate c.

dalya-

AND Primary Derivatives.

71
Deriv.

dala

e.

dalana

-dala b. +
-dalakaii.+

c.

y
dasyati

Pres. [4.]

etc. v.b.s.

dadasvans

Per/",

Aor.

dasat

2.

dasta

b.

dalana

c.

dali

-dalya

c.

dalayitr

c.
c.

dr.

das, das, 'waste*.

dasati

[1.]

etc. v.u.s.

rv. [dadasa.]

etc. v.b.s.

[Fut. dasisyati,
Verb,

secondary root-form from

[1

(dasamana?

ev.)

dasit ev.

5.

dasita; dasisyati, dasita.]

Caus. dasaye ts.. -yanta rv. dasayati etc. av.b.

dasa Rv.
-dasvant ay.
dasav.+
dasanu n.
-dasya v.s.
dasyu v.+
-dasins. +
-dasvika b.
Usually classed as two roots, das and das dasati etc. only with abhi.

Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.:

y
Pres. [1.]

dahati

-te

etc. v. +,

dah,

etc.

e.+

Perf. dadaha etc. b. +, dehe c.

3. adidahat c.
Aor. 1. dahyat m.v
dhaksant daksant ev.)

Fut.

1.

dhaksyati

syati
/

Fcrft.

E.

dagdha

-dahas

V.

b.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

-te

etc. v.|+,

2.

s.+

etc.

[4.]

4.

dahyati

adhaksit

e.

etc.

[2.]

v,+ (adhak

(dhaksyet adhaksyam

dahyate

etc.

b. +,

-dhosB.

av. +.

dagdhvaB. +

dahana av. +
-dagdhavya e.
dagdhr v.+

dhaksu

etc.

dadati datte

V.+

(dadiyam

etc.

u.,

da, dad,

\.+ (dehi

dadayant

v.

u.)

-dahyaB. +

dahana e.
dahuka b.s.
didhaksa e. +
didhaksuE.+

s.+

dahya

e.+

'give'.

daddhi
[!.]

v.)

dayamana

[1.]

m.

dadati -te

[2.J

dati

Perf.

Aor.

dahi-

c.

dahin

RV. dadmi e. +
dadau dade etc. v. + (dadatha dadrire
AV., dadvans rv.) [dadade.]

datu

v.b.s.,

dandahiti etc. c,
-te etc. e. dhiksate

dahaka

rv.

daksiis rv.

y
Pres. [3.]

m.);

rv.

Int.

-ti etc. s.h

Desid. didhaksati

etc. e.+,
dandaliyate etc. c.
Caus. dahayati etc. e. + [dahyate u.)
Derii).: dahy.s.
-dagha av.
daksi rv.
daha av.+
dahati e.
daksu rv.

CB.

dhaksi

dagdha.]

dagdhum
-daham c.
+

'burn'.

rv.

dadivans dadavans

adat etc. v.+, deyam rv.; adi ms., adithas adita adimahi u..
2. adat etc. v.b.
[3. adidadat.
disva B.; dayi v.b. [adadi.]
4. adisi adisata av.b.c. (dasat dasathas ev.; desam desma b.s.)
5. adadista sv.
[dasista.]
1.

Roots, Vebb-forms,

dal

Put.

dasyati

1.

etc. B.E.

av.+ (adasyat

etc.

[dadita.]

-te

m.),

72

etc. b.

dadisye

k.

2.

data

-data bv. datta v. + -tta v. + -dita e.+ [dadita]; datum v.+,

-tave v., -tavai rv., -tos v.b. dattva av. +, -tvaya kv. -daya v.+,
-dadya a v. -dam b., ^dai b,v. davane ev, -day am b. +
[Int. dada-, dediya-,
Conj.: Pass, diyate etc. v. + dadyamana ev.
Desid.- ditaati etc. -v. +, -te etc.c; didasant b.v., didadadad-.]

Verb,

Sec.

sitha
Deriv.

da, -da

dati

v.

daya v. +
dayaka e. +
dayin av. +
-davan v.s.
davan rv.

V.

-tti V.B.

datavya b.+
datr V. +
datra? v.b.

danu ?

ev.e.

-das? V.+

dada

rv.

-das

daditr

dati

dadire

[adat, deyat;]

Fut.

1.

dasyati
v.b.,

Sec. CoThj.: Pass,

s. [

av. +

etc.

dyati

adisi

dita

v.

Cans,

dana?

c.

form of this root

5.

Verb,

b.

etc. av.b.s.

(adim-

datr rv.c.
datra RV.
is

etc. v.b.

b.

vs.k.).

4.

disiya rv.

+ -daya e.+, -ditya? c.

Desid. ditsa-,
dada-, dedi-.
;

[Int.

dapayita s.
-dana av.b.s.
-daniya b.s.

diti? rv.

danu

-deya c

rv.

day, given above

y
Aor.

-dapayitr

vs.

c.

data.J

2.

diyate

datn RV.
-datavya

?]

b.

dita c, [data,] -tta

didasa-, didansa-.

Pres. [6

m.

2 da, 'divide, share'.

adimahi

Deriv.: -tti b.

v.b.

c.

dapin c.
-dapya s.c.
-dapana s.
dapaniya c.
dapayitavya

v.

'?

V.

ditsu V. +
diditsu M.

c.

datra

gdue. v. +

ditsa

b.

1.

dina

datti

n. v.b.

[6?] dyati

etc. v.b.s.

Aor.

Verb,

V.

daman
daman

Pres. [1.]

dadi

-di JB. +
diya rv.
destha rv.
desna v. +
-dad AV.
-dada c.

-deya

deya

av.+ [adidapat.]

etc.

dana v. +
danav rv.

y
Perf.

Cans, dapayati

[didadisa-.]

B.s.

v.

daya?

rv.

separately.

3 da, di, 'bind'.

disva

[2 ?]

vs.

av.'?

-daya

s.

Deriv.: -dati* rv.c.

-dariav. +

daman
daman

v. +

-daya

rv.

-di av.

c.

diti?

dina?

v.

v.

Not recognized by the native grammarians as separate from the preceding,

and of somewhat doubtful

character.

y
Pres. [4 ?]

[Perf.

etc.

dayamana cK
dadau dayat,
;

4 da,

'clear'.

adasit ; dasyati, data.]

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

73
data

Verb,

ta.e.

[Sec. Conj.:

of

daya-; dada-; didasa-; dapaya-.]

-dana

Deriv.

[dih

c.

Only with ava; certainly no separate root, and probably

meaning of the participle of }/ 2 da.

dae, 'make

]/

da9ati

Pres. [1.]

dada9a

Perf.

etc.

-da9a

v.

y
y div

root

rv.

dada9vans

No
may be

da9n6ti

[5.]

ada9it; da9isyati, da9ita.]

Desid. dida9isa-.
dada9-.

da9

kv.b.,

da9van8

sv.)

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

Deriv.

dasti ev.

[2.]

offering'.

(dadaqati -Qas -gat rv.

etc. v.

da9ivans

v.,

[Aor.

etc. v.

a specialization

da9U

av.

das,

Caus.

v.

das.

see ]/

div, 'play', see

div.

'shine' exists as such in the language,

noun div

inferable from the

dyut. With

case, secondary) root

or

dyii

v. +,

divit

these the root

all

ada9ayat ck'.
da9uri v.

except so far as

ev.,

div

and the

'play'

it

(in that

has nothing

to do.

y
di9ati etc.
didjsta ev.

Pres. [6.]
etc.

dide9a

Perf.

^or. [3. adidi9at.

Fut.

1.

deksyati

dista

Verb,

v.

di9yate

[4.]

didi9e

etc. s.+,

-te
e.

di9yate

etc.

c. [

de9in

av. +

de9ya

s.

av.

[dideha.]

[1.

[Fut.

ksat -sata.j
dheksyati -te

digdha

av. +

adidihat.

3.

degdha.]
-dihya s.+
;

7.

adiksat

cb.c.

b.

-di9e rv.

dediste etc. rv., deCaus. de9ayati etc. e. +, -te c.

dedi9at

Int.

etc.

-de9anaB.+
de9ana c.
destavya e. +

destrv.
destra ev.

-didiksa
-didik^u

c.
c.

dih, 'smear'.

degdlii dihanti adihan

e.

c.

c.

V.

dide9ati didestu

desta.]

2.

de9aka

de9a

adehi.

[3.] {Perf.'i')

Besid. didiksati

av.vs.

Aor.

Verb,

-di9ya

e.+

disti

didihe

c.

y
Perf.

m'.

adiksi adista rv.

] 4.

Deriv.: di9 v.+

Pres. [2.]

ev.e.

etc.

di9yati

destum

Sec. Conj.: Pass.

av. +,

etc.

-te

v. +,

di9, 'point'.

etc. v.

4.

+ (dehat ev.) [digdhe.]

adigdha.

7.

adhiksus

jb.

[adhi-

+
]]

Roois, Verb-foems,

dih]

dihyate etc. c.
dehayati -te e. +
-degha
-dih v.s.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

74

dedih-.

[Int.

Desid. didhiksa-.

Caus.

DcWv. :

deha

y
Pres. [4.]

Sec. Conj.: Int.

etc. ev.,

Represented later by

didyati (3p.) etc. adidet etc,

didayante av.. didihi v.b.s.,
Perf. didaya v.b.s. (didaya cb.s.
didayasi etc. didayat etc. v.b.

c.
s.

possibly come

didyu

(didayat

etc. v.b.s.

didihi ev.

v.b.

didyasam

ev..

didayat

b.s.)

didetha didiyus ev. didivans v.b.

dididaya? acs.; dididasi didyasva s.
:

Some confusion

didhitis.

didivi rv.

didi- ev.

-diditi ev.

dip.

may

it

didye

Compare

dehali

2 dl, didi, 'shine'.

Pres.

Derjy.; -diti EV.

'fly

-dehya

sv.

From

di.

dl,

diyase
dediyitavai cb.

diyati

dehl rv.
dehika c.

b.

b.

of forms

made between didi and

is

didhi.

dTks, 'be consecrated'.

diksate etc. b.+

didikse etc. b., -sus pb.c.
5. adiksista etc. b.
Aor. o. adidiksas b.
2. diksita.]
Fut. 1. diksisyate etc. b.+ [
-diksya s.
av.
b.u.
Verb, diksita
+ diksitva
Caus. diksayati
Sec. Conj.: Desid. didiksisate etc. b.
(diksapaya e.)
diksanas.+
DeWi'.; diksa AV.+
diksaka c. (n. 2>r.)
BR. suggest a derivation from y daks.
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

ly didhi,

y
dipyate
didipe c.

Pres. [4.]

Perf.

Aor.

[1.

adipi.

etc.

] 3.

AV.+. -ti

adidipat

[Fut.

dipisyate, dipita.]

Verb,

dipta

Sec. Conj.

see

b.+. -te

e.

diksayitr

b.

etc.

dhl.

dip, 'shine'.
etc. e.

etc.

ev.c.

adidipat

etc. b.e. [

5.

adipista.]

Int.

dedipyate

dipayati
dipa U.S. +

Caus.
Derjy.

u.

-te

dipaka
dipin

Probably related with

+ (-yantim

etc. e.

etc. v. +.

etc. s.e.

e.+

c.

2 di.

e.)

[Desid. didipisa-.

(^dipyate tb.e.)

dipana

s.+

diptis.

dipra

c.

AND Primary Derivatives.

75

y
divyati

Pres. [4.]

dideva

Perf.

etc.

div,

v.+, -te

'play'.

+ (divyati

etc. b.

[dul

etc.

m.?)

av.

adidivat.
] 5. adevit etc e,
devisyati etc. e.+ '^adevisyat m.) [
2. devita.]
Verb, dyuta av. + [dyuna] devitum e. + f devitva, dyutva
-dlvya hv.
Sec. Conj.: [Int. dediv-.
Desid. didevisa-, dudyusa- dudyusaya-.

Aor.

[3.

Fut.

1.

devayati

Caus.

Deri y.

div,

dyu

-divan

divana
'shine',

which

etc. c.

devinAv.+
devitavya e.

divitr?

V.

-deva

v.

b.

devana

c.

dm;

Proper form,

and

it

devitrE.+
-dyutya ev.

v.

has nothing to do with the so-called root

div

diu.

is

2 div (dev), 'lament'.

devati e.+ [-te.]

[Perf. etc. dideva; adidevat, adevista; devisyate, devita.]
Verb, dytina b. + devitum e.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. devayati etc. e. +, -te e.+
Deriv.: -deva B.
-devaka c.
-devin e.
-devana c.
Only with pari (unless in adyuna) hence perhaps a peculiar specialization of meaning of y I div (paridyiina 'played out'?). At any rate, rather
Pres. [1.]

div than div, on account

of the long ii in

y
Pres. [5.]

[Perf.
Verb.

dunoti

etc.

dudava

etc.

av.+

dudusa-.
Deriv.:

dava

Caus.

-davya

m.

c'.

etc.

-ti etc. e.

v.s. +.

davayati

davathu

c.

'burn'.

adausit dosyati, dota.]

diiyat,

Pass, diiyate

dii,

dunvasva

dvLna av.+, duta aa.v

Sec. Conj.

du,

dyiina.

dodu-.

[Int.

duyana

davaAV. +
-davya av.b.

b.s.

y dudh,

'stir

}/ 2

du

doman
1

div

up'.

y
Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

Caus.

dula?

ts.

dodhaka v

rv.

Prohably a reduplicated form of

dul,

c.

dhu.
'raise'.

dolayati etc. c.
dola e. +

Doubtless another form of

y tul

as verb,

c.

av.

"play".

Pres.

dudhra

Desid.

c.
c.

For the form davisani ev., BR. assume a

dodhat v.
Verb, dudhita RV.
Deriv.: dudhi nv.

denominative of dola.

Roots, Vebb-fokms,

dus]

y dus,

76

'spoil'.

dusyati etc. b.+, -te etc. e.+ (dusyant ci.)

[Perf. dudosa.]
3. adudusat etc.w.
5. dosistam cb.
Aor. 2. dusat b.
[Fut. doksyati, dosta.]
Verb, dusta s. +
Desid. duduksa-.
] Caus. dusayati etc.
Sec. Conj.: [Int. dodus-.
-te etc. E. + (dusyate etc. e. +) [dosayati.]
dusinE.+
dosa u.s.+
dosya ms.
Beriv.: dus- v.+
dusyaE.+
dosa v. +
dosas av.
diisti Av.c.
-dusayitr
ddsana av.+
dosin c.
dusa E.+
e.
av.
dusi
dusaka +
Pres. [4.]

y
Pres.

duh,

v. +,

c.

'milk, derive'.

dogdhi dulidnti etc. v.+, dugdhe duhate etc. v. + (diilie 3s.

V.B., duhate kv., duhrate -hre v.b.
duhana v., duhana diighana
Ev.
duham 3s. v.b., duhram duhratam 3j). av., dhungdhvain acs.
dohat dohate eic. ev. duhiyat -yan ev. duhus ev., aduhan b.,
-hran av.b.)
[6.] duhet etc. e.+, aduhat v.b.e. +
[4.] duhyati etc.
[2.]

-,

c, -te M.
Perf.

dudoha duduhe
duduhus c.)

Aor.

[1.

adohi.

3.

etc. v.

+ (dudohitha

adudvihat

dhuksimahi

etc. c.

v. +,

4.

duduhre

v.b.,

-hrire

v.

adhuksata (_3p.)
+ (dhuksasva aduk-

[advigdha,]

7. adhuksat -sata
duksata ev.)
Fut. 1. dhoksyate c. [
2. dogdha.]
Verb, dugdha v. + dogdhum e., dogdhos b. dugdhva b.+; duhadhyai
Rv. dohase ev. -doham c.
Int. doduh-.]
Desid. dudhuksati
&ec. Conj.: Pass, duhyate etc. v.+ [
Caws, dohayati etc. b. +, -te s. (dohyate b.)
c. (duduksati ev.)
Deriv. : -duh v. +
doha V. +
dogdhavya b.e.
dohaua b.+
dogha EV.
-dugh s.
dohana ev.
dogdhr AV. +
-duha E.
-dohaka c.
dohas v.B.s.
dogdhra s.
-dohin E.
diigha V.
dohas EV.
dudhuksu e.

EV.,

sat

b.

etc. v.

etc.

duhitr

V.

dohya

y
Another root

davistha

v.

du seems

dti, see

du.

v.b.

duta

v.

dr, 'pierce,

dura

v.

dur?

CB.

split'.

darsi adar dart rv.

[9.] drniyat cb.
dadara etc. v. + (dadrvans ev.) [dadaritha dadaratus dadratus],

Pres. [2.]
Perf.

c.

inferable from the derivatives:

daviyaa

dadre

s.+

AND Primary Derivatives.

77
Aor.

1.

[drbh

dityat c. [ 2. adarat.]
3. adidarat ec. e.+ [adadarat.J
darsasi darsat darsate darsista rv. [
5. adarit.]

4.

[Fut. darisyati, darita.]

dirna

drta r. -dirya b. + -daram c.

Sec. Conj.: Pass, diryate etc. b. +. diryati etc. .+
Int. dardr- rv.ts.
(dardirat adardirus bv.) dadrhi ev. [dedirya-.
Besid. didarisa-,
didirsa-.]
Cans, darayati etc. b.+, -te etc. c. (daryate etc. f..+);
darayati etc. rv.c.
Beriv.
dara v. +
dartnii rv.
darana e. +
di'ti V. +
s.
darana +
darman ev.s.
-dari e. +
drvan? vs.
-daraniya c.
darraa rv.
daru RV.
dra av.
-dari rv.c.
dara av. +
darvinav b.+
-driya rv.
dariman bv.
-daraka e. +
-dir CB.
dadru c.
darin v. +
dartr rv.
dura.' RV.
-dardira rv.
Compare y dal.
Verb,

b.+,

'.'

y
[Perf.

Aor.

dadre.]

1.

adrthas

etc. b.

[Fut.

darisyate, darta.]

Verb,

drta

e.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

-drtya b.+
driyate etc.

Desid. didarisa-.
Deriv.:

[3.

-dara u.'?
-darin c.

c.

2 dr, 'heed'.

adidarat.

b.+, -ti

etc.

drdhvam

] 4.

e.+

Caus. daraya-.]
-darana s.+
-daraniya c.

Int.

b.

dardr-, dedriya-.

-dartavya c.
-dara v.b.s.

-duri rv.

-drtya

b.

Only with prefix a, and with passive present-system, suggesting a specialization from ]/

dr.

drp,

'rave'.

drpyati etc. v.+

[1.] darpati s.
[Perf. dadarpa.]
5. adarpit.]
Aor. 2. adrpat b. [
4. adrapsit, adarpsit.
Fut. 1. drapsyati ce., darpisyati jb. [ 2. drapta, darpta, darpita.]
Verb, drpta v. +, drpita rv.
Sec. Conj.
Caus. darpayati etc. e. +
Deriv.: darpaE.+
darpaka c. darpin c. darpana e.+ -drpti rv.
Pres. [4.]

drbh, 'bunch'.

drbhati etc. s.
[1.] drbhmaa? b.
b. +
Sec. Conj.
Caus. darbhita c.
drbdhi?
Deriv.: darbhav.Hdrbhika? ev.
Pres. [6.]
Verb,

drbdha
:

darbhana

s. ?

Roots, Verb-forms,

dr9]

drc,

78

'see'.

paqyati etc., see ]/ pa9.

Per/". d.adar9a dadr9e etc.y. + (dadrqe dadr9re dadr9aiia rv., dadr9ram
dadr9ivans u. dar9ivans e. +) [dadar9itha daAv.
-9rire tb.

Pres. [4.]

drastha.]

adar9am

+ (adar9ma

ts., adr9rQa je., adar9usB.

adardar9at etc. v.b.), adr9ran v.b. (adr9rarQ
2. dr9an v., adr9an b.,
dr9ana dr9ana rv.), adar9i dar9i v.
3. adidr9at etc. b.+ [adadar9at.]
4. adraksit
dr9eyarQ etc. v.b.
rv.
ev.)
b.),
B.+
adrksata
(drksase
[draksiran.j
(adrak
etc.

Aor.

1.

9as -9at

b.s.

e/c. B.

dar9ati

etc. v.,

drksam

7.

k.

2. drasta etc. b.
draksyati etc. b.+, -te etc. e.+
drastumAv. + drstva av.+, -tvayaRv. -dr9yav. +
Verb, drstav. +
dr9e v.b.; dr9aye v. -dar9am c.
Int. daridr9yate c.
-ti etc. e. +
Pass. dr9yate etc. v. +
Sec. Conj.
Caus. dar9ayati etc.
Desid. didrksate etc. v.+, -ti e.
[dardr9-.]

Fut.

1.

AV.+, -te
Deriv.:

etc.

S.+ (didar9ayisa- s.+)

dar9a v.+
dar9a av. +
dar9aka e.+

dar9aniyaB.+ dr9iku b.s.

dr9enya rv.
df9 V.

-dar9in e.+

dr9ya

dar9ya rv.
dar9ata v.b.
dar9ana v. +

dr9ati rv.

-dr9a

dr9i

drnhati

etc.

+
+

v.

v.

dr9lka

y
Pres. [l.J

v.

v.

drh, drnh, 'make

-te

etc. v.b.

[6.]

firm'.

drfLhantam av., drnhethe

Perf.

[3.

adadarhat, adidrhat.

] 5.

adrnhit

darhisyati, darhita; drnhisyati, drnhita.]

Verb,

drdha

v.

daridrh-, dardrh-; daridrnli-, dardrnh-.

darhisa-, didrnhisa-.

drh

e.

-drnha

Caus. [darhaya-;]
av.

drrLhana

AV.E.s.

from the

latter of

words draghiyas

(draghuya

v.b.s.,

which

are then derived

draghistha

rv.,

roots,

]/

dev,

see ]/ 2

div.

Desid. di-

etc. v.s.

dadrh

drnh

dirgha

draghman

ts.).

drnhayati

drnhitr v.b.
drahyat? rv.

Divided ty the Hindu grammarians into two

'grow',

[adarhit.]

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

rv.

etc. b.

\Fut.

Deriv.

rv.

1. darhati.]
drhya drhyasva rv. [
[dadarha, dadrnhaj dadrhana adadrhanta

[4.]

Aor.

drastf AV.+

-dre9ya u.
drsti V. +
didrksa e. +
-dr9na ts.
didrksu v.+
-dr9van c.
didrkseya rv.
-drksa b. +
didrksenya v.b.
b.
drastavya + dar9ayitr e. +

v.

'lix',

v.

and

drh

+ and the related

v.b.,

draghiman

b.

AND Pbimary Derivatives.

79

y
Sayana has once

dyu,

pra dyauti,

'attack'.

apparently an

dyu

authority of the occurrence of a root

dyut,

1.

Verb,

on the

.]

dyotisyati

dyutta

ts.

b. [

2.

v.b. [

adyutat

5.

etc.

b.

adyotista.]

dyotita.]

2.

[dyutita; dyutitva, dyotitva;] -dyutya ab.

davidyut- v.b. [dedyut-.
Desid. didyutisa-, didyotisa-.J

av.cb.

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Cans, dyotayati
Leriv.:

'shine'.

Put.

formation

artificial

in the Dhatupatha.

dyotate etc. v. +, -ti etc. e.

Perf. didyute etc. v. +, didyota av., didyutus
Aor. 1. dyntant- dyutana v.e.. dyutana rv.
4. adyaut dyaut
3. adidyutat etc. v.e.
Pres. [i

dra

[2

dyTitv.+

+ (dyotyate c.) dyutayanta rv.

av.+
dyotanav. +
dyota
-dyotraan rv.

-dyuta

dyotaka

E.

dyutiE.H-

Compare

etc. v.

c.

dyotya

c.

jyut and

j/

dyotana

c.

dyotin

dyotani
dyotis

div. BR.

rv.
v.

didyut v.b.
-dyotayitavya

u.

few of the forms

set off a

u.

to a ]/ 2

dyut

'hreak'.

dram, run

]/

[^Pres. etc.

dramati; dadrama; adramit; dramisyati, dramita.]

Conj.:

Sec.

Int.

dandramyate

u.

Desid.

didramisa-.

Caus. dra-

mayati.]
Apparently another form of

}/ 1

y
Pres. [2.]

Perf.

drahi dratu drantu

dadrus

etc.

v.c,

] 4.

dra, 'run'.

v.

dadrana

Aor. [1. drayat, dreyat.

dra.

rv.

drasat

rv.

6.

adrasit.]

drasyati, drata.]

[Put.
Verb,

drana

u.

Caus.
Desid. didrasa-.]
daridrati etc. ts.c. [dadra-.
cb.)
drapayati cb. [[adidrapat] didrapayisati
daridraB.+
drapi? b.
Deriv.: dra? av.
drak? c.
-Sec.

Conj.

Int.

and dru. The intensive stem daridra is reckoned

hy the Hindu grammarians as a root, and artificially furnished with a set of

Compare

roots

dram

verb-forms and primary derivatives.

y
Pres. [2.]
Perf.

Aor.

drati

dadrau
4. (or 6.)

etc.

b.+

c.

adrasit

b.

[4.]

2 dra, 'sleep'.

drayate

etc.

e.+

Roots, Verb-forms,

2 dral

drasyati

Fut.

drana

Verb,

b.

av.b.+, drita?

Sec. Conj.: Desid.

Beriv.

-dra

v.

c.

didrasati c.
-didrasu

c.

y
A

drad,

y
dravati

-te

etc. v. +,

'split'.

uddradayan

single doubtful occurrence,

Pres. [1.]

80

dru,

c.

'run'.

e.+

etc.

etc. b.+ [dudrotha, dudruma], dudruve etc. e.

adravi.
] 3. adudruvat b.+ (adudrot dudravat ev.)
druyat;
Aor. [1.
[adudravat, adidravat.]
2. drota.]
Fut. 1. drosyati b. [
Verb, druta b. + drotum c. drutva b. -drutya b. +
Desid. dudrusa-.]
Cans, draSec. Conj.: Int. dodru- (dodrava xs.) [
ev.
e.)
etc.
e.
dravayanta
(dravyate
vayati etc. v. +, -te
-druv.
-drava vs.
dravi ev.
Deriv.: dravav.+
druti c.
-dravin s.+
dravya?u.s. + dravitr ev.
dravayitnu rv.
-dravya e.
dravanaB.+ dravitnii v.
dravina etc.? v.+ dravana e. +
dravara ev.

Perf.

dudrava

y
Pres. [4.]

druhyati

etc.

druh,

b.+, -te

'be hostile'.

e.+

etc.

(dudrohitha av.), dudruhe c.

Perf.
3. adudruhat.]
] 2. druhas -ban v.e. [
Aor. [1. druhyat; adrohi.
7. adrviksas b.
4. drogdhas m.
2. drogdh.a, drodha, drohita.]
Fut. 1. dhroksyati ms. [drohisyati.
drogdhavai k. [drugdhva, drohitva,
Verb, drugdha v.+ [drudha]

dudroha

etc. v.b.

druhitva;] -druliya
Sec.

ms.e.

Conj.: [Int. dodrvih.-.

Desid.

dudruksat

k.

drogdhavya
drogdhr e.+

druhvan

driihu Av.

y
drunati

ms.,

of

drohin

v.

e.

dudhrtiksu

b.

c.

ev.

which

that in ms. does not appear connectible

dru.

y
Such
EV.,

du-

dru, 'hurr(?).

drunana

Only two occurrences

with

[dudrohisa-

Cans, drohaya-.]
druhisa-, dudhrvLksa-.
dnihyu ev.
drogha v.
Deriv. druh v. +
droha v. +
druhya c.
druhina c.

Pres. [9.]

a root

perhaps

and in dvar

or

dur

to

dvar

be recognized in

v.

'door'.

dvara

ev.,

dvarin

rv..

-dvaras?

AND Primary Derivatives.

81

y dvis,
dvesti dvisanti

Pres. [2.]

etc. M..

-te

didvesa

Perf.

Aor.
[Put.

dveksyati

Verb,

dvista

v.

/>eriy.

adidvisat.

dvestum

Conj.

Compare

dviksat dviksata

dvisati

(3s.) av.

dvesin

dvesa v. +
-dvesaka e.

rv.

ck.

c.

Cms. dvesayati

dhan,

c.

dvesaniya
dvesas v.b.

e.+

dvesya av. +
dvesana v. +

dvestr

e.

c.

run'.

dhanati.

roots

rv.'

dhanv, dhav, dhav, dhu.

y dhanv,
Pres. [1.]

dhanvati

dadhanve

Perf.

Aor.

5.

Deriv.

to

etc. v.b.

(dhaniva

'run'.

sv.")

-vire rv.

adhanvisus
dhanutr rv.

Seems

[G.

dhanistha

Leriv.

as

dadhanat dadhanyus dadhanvans rv.

Caus. dhanayan -yante -yanta rv.

Perf.
-Sec.

7.

dvestos

e..

-dviati

dadhanti.

'6.

Desid. didviksa-.

|/

[Pres.

av.+

dvesta.]

dedvis-.

dvis V. +
dvisa c.
-dvisenya

.-

etc.

3.

-te

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

dviste dvisate

v.+,

[didvise.

advesi.

[1.

iiate'.

s.u.+

etc.

cb.

etc.

[dhav

v.b.

be a secondary root- form, from the preceding.

Its

has vahie

in half the ev. cases (in the present-system).

]/
Pres. [1.]

dhamati

dham, dhma,

etc v. +, -te

etc. u.e.

dadhmau

Perf.

etc. dadhmire e.
dhmayat dhmeyat; adhmayi.]

1.

Verb,

[2.]

dhmant

c.

6. adhmasit
2. dhmata.J
dhamisyati etc. e.+ [dhmasyati.
dhamita rv., dhmata v. + -dhmaya b.+

Aor. [1.
Fut.

'blow'.

c.

dhamyate etc. v.+, -ti e. dhmayate etc. b.+. -ti etc. cb.e.+
Caus.
Desid. didhmasa-.
Int. dadhmayate c [dedhmiya-.
dhmapayati etc. e.+ (dhmapyate e.1 [adidhmapat.J
dhmapana c.
Deriv.
-dhmaniya c.
-dhama av. + dhamitra c.
dhmatavya c.
-dhamana c. -dhma 3!.+
dhmatr rv.
dhamani v. + dhmana av. +

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

y
dhavate etc.
dhaviyas rv.

Pres. [1.]

Deriv.

dhav,

'flow'.

rv.

Whitney, Supplement

II.

Roots, Verb-fokms,

dhal

82

dha, dadh, 'put.

dadhati dhatte etc. v.+

[1.] dadhati -te etc. v. +
["i.J dhati
iiv3.
[4.] dhayeta mu., adhayata m.
Perf^ dadhau dadhe etc. v.+ [dadhatha v.. dadhidhve -isva -idhvam
Bv., dadhre rv.)
dheyam -yus [-yasus] rv.
Aor. 1. adhat adhus etc v.+ (adhitam iiv.
dhatu etc. v.; dhetana rv.tk.), adhithas adhita etc v.+ (ahita hita
AV.TA.; adhimahi dhimahi dhlmahe v.; dhamahe rv.; dhise dhire
dhethe dhaithe rv. dhisva rv.); adhayi dhayiv. + 2. adhat
4. dhasus dhasathas -tha rv., adhisi -sata b.+
sv., dhat Rv.
5 v dhayis rv.
(dhisiya e.s., dhesiya ms.)
2. dhata etc. b.
Fut. 1. dhasyati -te etc. b.+ [adhasyat c.)
Pres. [3.J

Verb,

hita

-dhita

v. +,

v.c.

dhatum

-tave

b.+,

-dhitumc. dhitva n. [hitva|; -dhaya

dhyai rv. [-dhayam.J

av.

v.b.,

-tavai

-dham

-tos

av.,

av.

v.b.,

dhiya-

[Int. dedhiyate.
] Desid. dhitsati
dhiyate etc. v. +
+ (dhitsyate c); didhisati etc. -te etc. rv. (didhiCaus. dhapayati etc. v. +, dliapayita s. (dhapyate c.)
sana rv.)
-dhi V. +
-dadhus ms.
dhaya s.
Deriv.: -dha v.+

Sec. Conj.

Pass,

V.+, -te

etc. v.

-dhana

v.

-dhayaka

dhana ?

v.

-dhayin

etc.

e.s.

dhasi RV.
-dhas V.+

v.+

y
Pres. [4

Perf.

Aor.

'?]

dhayati

dadhus

rv.

adhat

av.

1.

c.

dhayya
dhayu rv.

-dhaniya c.
dhatu V. +
-dhatavya k.
dhatr v. +

dhaman

c.

etc. v.

-dhiti

v.B.s.

-hiti V. +

dheya b.+
-dheya n. v.+
dhestha v.b.
-dadha b.s.
dadhi v.b.

dha,

3.

adadhat.

Slick

dadhisu av.
didhisu v. +
didhisayya
-dhitsa

E.

-dliitsu

s.

-dhapana s.
-dhapayitavya

[dheyat.

1.

c.

6.

adhasit.J

2. dhata.]
dhasyati e.
dhita v.b.; dhatave v.; dhitva cb. -dhiya cb. [-dhaya.]
Int. dadha-, dadhi-, dedhiya-.
Sec. Conj.: [Pass, dhiyate.
] Caus. dhapayate etc. rv., -ti cb. [adidhapat.
dhitsa-.
dhena v.
dharu av.
Deriv.: -^lia,^'.+
-dhayin c.
dhenuv.+
dhasi rv.s.
dhayas v.
-dhaya B.+

Fut.

rv.

Verb,

Desid.

dhatu
Related

dhayu

Rv.s.

^vitli

|/

dhi.

RV.

dhasyu

The connection

of

means beyond question.

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

dhavati

dadhava

etc -te etc v.

-ve.]

dhav, 'run

av.

sOme

dadhan, dadhi v.+

of the derivatives

by uo

AND Primary Derivatives.

83
Aor.

dhavyasam. J

[1.

adadhavat

3.

rv.

[adidhavat.]

5.

adhavit

[adhavista.]

B.

dhavisyati c. [-te.
2. dhavita.]
Verb, dhavita e. + dhavitva c. -dhavya c.
[Jnt. dadhavya-.
Desid. didhavisa-.
Sec. Conj.
Fut.

[dhuk?

1.

etc.

Caws,

dhavayati

V.+

Dmy.: dhavaka
Compare
as filling

roots

dhavin c. dhavanaK. + dhavitr

dhan, dhanv, dhav. It is reckoned by

K.

up the defective con.iugation

of

dhara'.' v.+

e.

the grammarians

sr.

2 dhav, 'rinse'.

dhavati etc. -te etc. v.

Perf. dadhavaj dadhavire c.
Aor. 5. adhavista {^-is.) bv.
Pre.'. [1.]
j

+ dhautva? c. -dhavya s.
Caus. dhavayati etc.
dhavyate c.
-dhavin c.
dhauti kv.
dhava c.

dhauta

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

Dem;.

.-

sv.

Pass,

dhavaka
Perhaps rather

dhavana b. +
related with y dhu than

-te

etc. b.

dhara v

v.

e.

dhinoti dhinvanti etc.

[Perf. didhinva.]
Aor. 5. adhinvit pb.
[Fut. dhinvisyati, dhinvita.]
Perhaps only another form of

dhi, dhinv, 'nourish

Pres. [5.]

derivatives given under

with

dha

dhav.

b.

dha, with causative

might be put

dhi, dldhi,

value.

.Some of the

as properly here.

'think'.

dhimahi b.+
[3?] didhayas didhayan didhyat etc didhyat adidhet etc didhye didhyatham didhitham didhyana

Pres. [2.]

adidhita
Perf.

etc v.b.

didhaya -dhima (-mas

Verb, dhita v.+

sv.)

-dhiyus -dhyus didhire

v.b.

Desid.'} dhlsamana rv'.

dedhyat ts.
dhiyasana rv. -didhayu rv.
Berin.: dhi v.+
dhirav.+
didhitiv.+
dhivanAv.
dhiti V.B.
Compare y dhya. The form dhimahi belongs here only as tlius used

Sec. Conj.: Int.

later,

with a false apprehension of

proper meaning.

dhuks,

'kindle"

dhuksate e'.
dhuetc. dudhukse; adudhuksat, adhuksista; dhuksisyate,

Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

its

ksita.]

Roots, Verb-forms,

dhuks]
Sec. Con}.: \lnt.
etc. E.

-dhuksana

Deriv.

Desid. dudhuksisa-.

dodhuks-.

+ (dhuksy ate

84
]

Caus.

dhuksayati

c.

e.+

sam.

Occurring only with the prefix

dhu,

|/ dhti,

shake".

dhunoti dhunute etc. v. + dhunoti dhunute etc. je.s. +

[2.]
dhuvate (3j).) cb., dhuvana ts.
[6.] dhuvati etc. av.b. (dhuvet k.)
dhimet? m'.
[9.] dhuniyat dhunana dhunana c.
Perf. dudhava etc. e.+, dudhuve av. (dudhuvita dudhot kv.)
5. adhavit adhuvit, adhavista.]
Aor. 4. adhusta -sata kv.s. [adhosta.
Pres. [5.J

Put.

dhavisyati

1.

Sec.

b.s.,

-te b. [dhosyati -te.

2.

dhavita, dhota.]

dhavitum ;] dhutva ab.

dhuta e. + [dhuna
dhuta v. +
-dhuya av. +
Int. dodhaviti etc.
Conj.: Pass, dhuyate etc. av.+ (dhuyant m.)
rv. (dae.+1;
davidhuetc.
e.+
pple.
V.E., dodhtiyate
(dodhuyat
[Desid. dudhusa-.
] Caus. dhunayati -te etc. e.+
vidhava nv.)

Verb,

[dhavayati.]
Deriv.

-dhu v.
-dhava

-dhava b.
dhavitavya

Rv.

-dhavanaB.s. dhavitra
Compare \/ 2 dhav.

y
dhurvati etc.
dudhurva.]
Aor. 5. adhurvit cb.
Pres. [l.J

dhuvaka
dhuvana

cb.

b.s.

dhuti

dhtirv,

injure'.

jb.

-dhuti

b.s.

dhuni'?v.B.

c.

dhunana

rv.

e.+

v.b.

[Perf.

dhurvisyati, dhurvita.]

[Fut.
Verb,

dhurvitum

cb.

secondary root-form from

y dhvr dhur.

y
dhareran

Pres. [l.J
Perf.

Aor.

acs'.

dhr,

adharam

-,

dadharaeff. (dadhartha)

dadhre etc.
1. dhrthas

tam

jb.e.

'hold'.
r'.

dadhara

v.b.

(dadhartha

rv.ta.);

\.+
ay.;

adhari

-ta rv.), -rata

c.

(3 s.) cb.

3.

adidharat
4.

etc. v.b.s.

(didhar, didhr-

adharsit.]

2. dharta c.
dharisyati etc. e.+, -te etc. av.+
Verb, dhrta v. + dhartum c. -tavai kb. dhrtva b. + -dhrtya b.; dhartari RV. -dlaaram s.
Int. dardharsi adardhar
Sec. Conj. Pass, dhriyate etc. v. +, -ti etc. e. +
RV.; dadharti dadhrati dadhartu b. (dadhartu? avp.; dadharayati
Desid. didhirsa- [in d.) [didharisate.J
JB.)
Caus. dharayati -te

Fut.

1.

etc. V.

+ ^^dharyate

b.

didharayisa-

s.c.)

AND Primary DERivATrvES.

85

dliarman

Deriv.: dliara v.

dharana

av. +

dharani

e.

dharuna

dharinaan

c.

dhur V. +
dhura e. +

v.n.

dhariman

rv.

-dhrt

-dhartu ev.
-dharitu e,v.
dhartr v.ii.
dhartra b.s.
dharitr p.. +
dharnasi v.k.
dharni rv.

dhariyas
-dhara v.

dharaka

dhrsnoti

r.+

Aor.

adiirsas

2.
5.

(_dhrsamanaV

cb.

adharsisus

dharsisyati, dharsita.]

Verb,

dhrsta

etc.

Deriv.:

dhrsita

v.

daridhrs-.

Sec. Conj.: \Jnt.

V.
v.

'dare".

av.

etc.

vs.r.

dadharsat

rv.)

-dhrsya
Desid.

b.

[3.

[2V]

-sati

dhrsant

dadharsit

rv.,

rv.

adidhrsat, adadharsat.

-dhrse

didharsisa-.

dharsana e.+
-dliarsakaE.+ dharsaniya E.+

dharsa v.+

v.b.,

j/

dhyayati etc.
E.+ (dhyayat b.s.)

Pres. [4.]

dadhyau

etc. b.

dhyasus

m.

dhrstiB.+

-dhrsas rv.
Cans, dharsayati
rv.

rv.

-dharsayitavyac.

see

dhya,

b.+, -te

dadhrsa

dhrsnuv.+ dadhrsi v.
dhrsya v. + dadhrsvani

-dhrs v.
dhrsaj rv.

y dhma,

4.

dharayitavya u.+
dharayitr n.+
dharayisnu c.
-didharayisa c.

B.+

-dharsin c.
-dharsya av.

" Perf.

rv.

ta.

[Put.

v. +.

c.

dharayii

dharsati

dhrsana av.
Perf. dadharsa etc. v.b. (dadhrsus
dadhrsate dadhrsanta av.

n.

-dhrtvan u.
-dhra v.+

c.

dhrs,
[1.]

-didhirsu

v.

dhruva

v.+

etc.

didliirsa

-dharaya

dharana

drdlirav rv.

dhrti V.+

-dhri?

v.

dhruvas rv.
dhruvi v.n.
dadhrvi rv.

E.

dharin u.s. +
dharya e. +

]/

Pres. [5.]

V.

-dhrk

n.s.

-dharaniya

[dhya

-dhari c.
dhira e.+

ev.

dharman v. +
-dharaniyac. dharma av. +

Aor.

dham.

'think'.

e.+ (dhyayita

etc.

u.)

[2.]

dhyati

etc.

6.

adhyasisam

cb.

2. dhyata jub.
dhyasyati e.
Verb, dhyata b. +
dhyatva b. + -dhyaya e. + dhyayam c.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, dhyayate c.
] Desid. didhyasate ok.
[in/, dadhya-.
Caus. dhyapayati.]
[
-didhyasana c.
Deriv.: dhya v. +
dhyatr c.
dhyana u.+

Put.

1.

-dhyayin

b.

dhyatavya

c.

dhyeya

e.+

-didhyasitavyas.

-didhyasu c
Compare

dhi, of which this

is a later

secondary form.

Roots, Verb-forms,

dhraj]

dhraj, dhraj,

y
dhrajati

etc.

dhrajisiya

ms.

Pres. [l.J

Aor.

5.

rv.

Pres. [1.]

dhvansati

ms.

dhraj ms.
dhraj a ms.

dhraji- rv.

sweep'.

dhrajamana

dhraj as rv.

Deriv.: -dhrajati rv.

dhvans, dhvas,

-te

b.

etc.

86

dhraji

v.b.

dhraji ms.

'scatter'.

dadhvahsus u.. dadhvansire e. dadhvase v.b.

dhvasan rv. [ 3. adadhvahsat. 5. adhvansista.J

Perf.

Aor.

2.

[Put.

dhvansisyate, dhvansita.]

Verb,

dhvasta

-dhvasya e.+
dhvasyate c, -ti gb.

b.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Desid. didhvahsisa-.]

dhvasayati

etc.

Caus.

danidhvans- -dhvasya-.
dhvansayati etc. b. + -te etc. jb.

Int.

rv.

Deriv.

dhvasanti n.
dhvasira rv.
dhvasti c.

-dhvasa e.+

dhvasan n. pr.
dhvasani v.

cb.

y
Pres. [1.]

dhvanati

dadhvanus

Perf.

Aor.

[3.

pr. rv.

dhvan,

dhvasman

dhvahsin e. +
dhvasra rv.b. dhvans ana b.+
dhvansa av. + dhvansi s.
-dhvansaka c.
rv.

'sound'.

etc. c.

c.

adidhvanat adadhvanat.

J 5.

adhvanit

rv.

dhvanisyati, dhvanita.]

[Put.

c. dhvanta b.+
Cans, dhvanayati u. (dhvanayit
dandhvan- [^in d.').
Bv.l; adhvanayat rv. (dhvanita c.)
Deriv.: dhvana ta.
dandhvana e.
dhvani av.c.
dhvanas.+
RV.
v.b.
dhvanya
dhvanana s.+ dhuni v
The RV. forms are set off by BR., perhaps rightly, to a separate y dhvaa
Verb,

dhvanita

Sec. Conj.:

Int.

y
dhvarati
dadhvara.]

Pres. [1.]

YPerf.

Verb,

injure'.

etc. b.

Aor. 4. [adhvarsit,]
[Put.

dhvr, dhur, dhru,

'

adhursata

(3p.) rv. [dhvrsista.

5.

dhvarisista.]

dhvarisyati, dhvarta.]
dhiirta e. +, dhruta tb. dhurvane rv.

Sec. CoThj.: [Int.

dadhvarya-.

dhvarayati.]

Desid.

dudhursati

etc.

av.cb.

Cans.

AND Primary Derivatives.

87
Derio.:

dhur

-dhru
-dhrut
dhruti

cb.ms.

dhurti RV.
-dliorana?

Compare

c.

dhtirv, which

y'

naksati -te

Perf.

nanaksus

[AoT.

etc.

Deriv.:

natati

Sec. Conj.

rv.

secondary form (u-class) of this root.

nanc,

see i

naks,

na9.

attain'.

naksya
]/

2 nacj.

ev.

Compare

also

inaks, under y

2 nacj.

nat, 'dance, play'.

c.

natayati

Cmis.

nata

etc. c.

natana c.
nataniya

E.,t-

prakritized formation from

nadati

etc.

av. +, -te

nanada nedus

nata c.
nataka

c.

c.

natin c.
natayitavya

c.

nrt.

nad,

]/

Pres. [1.]

ts.

uv.

anaksit; naksisyati, naksita.]

naksatra? v.+

Pres. [l.J

-dhvrt

etc. v.k.

secondary form of

-dhvartavya

-kse rv.

Z)er i u.

kv.

is a

y
Pres. [1.]

dhvara ms.
dhvaras rv.

rv.

[nand

etc. b.

'sound'.

nedire e.
[Aor. etc. aninadat, anadit; nadisyati, nadita.]
Verb, nadita c. -nadya e. +
Sec. Conj.: Pass, nadyate e.
Int. nanadati (3j5.) e<c. v.e., nanadyate
etc. JB.E.
[Desid. ninadisa-.
] Caus. nadayati -te etc. rv.e.
nadayati -te etc. e. + (nadyate e. +)
Perf.

e. +,

Deriv.

nada

nadathu u.
nadanu rv.
nadaniman

v.+

nadi ? V. +
-nadin e.
Compare the next

nada v.+
nadin av. +
av.

nandati

nanandus

nadi

-nadana

nanada

e.
b.s.

s.

root.

y nand,
Pres. [J. J

etc.

v.+, -te

etc.

'rejoice'.

e.+

+
[Aor. ananandat, anandit.]
Perf.

Fut.

etc. e.

nandisyate e. [-ti.
2. nandita.]
e.4-;
nandita
-nandya e.+
[Int. nanand-.
Conj. Pass, nandyate etc.c.
Caus. nandayati -te etc. u. +

Verb,
Sec.

Desid. ninandisa-.

nandl
Deriv.

Roots, Verb-forms,

88

nanda v. +
nandaka e.+
nandin ay. +
-nandya

nandana

av. +

-nandaniya
nandi e.+
nanditr e.

c.

c.

nandathu b.+
nandana sv.u.

nauandrV v.
-nandayitavya

nandi

-nandayitr

nanduka

Doubtless the same with the preceding

nabh,

nabhate

Pres. [1.]

etc. v. [

9.

ev.e. +

u.+

c.

c.

root.

'burst'.

nabhnati.

4.

nabhyati.]

nanabha nebhe, etc.']

Sec. Conj.: Caus. anabhayan ab. nambhaya ts.s.
Deriv. nabh ev.
nabhanya nv. nabhaka nv.u.
E.V.
nabhanu, -u
nabhasv.+
nabhya v.b.s.
[Perf. etc.

The connection

nabh

rv.

nabhiv.+

of part of the derivatives with this root is quite question-

ahle.

y nam,

'bend, bow'.

-te etc. v.+ (namana e.)

(nanama nanamas liv."), neme ev. (^nanamire m.)
Aor. 3. aninamat etc. ev.c. 4. anan k., anamsata (3p.) b. (namsai
namsante ev.) 6. anamsit c.
Pres. [1.]

namati

Perf.

nemus

Put.

1.

Verb,

c.

namsyati e., namisyati c. [ 2. namta.]

nata v. + namtum c. namitum c. natva
-,

E.

-,

-namam -name

c.

-natya

e.,

-namya

rv.

namyate v. + Int. nannamiti ce. v.b. (nannamus b.),

-mana (namnate anamnata rv.) nannamyate s. Deskl. ninamsa(m d.)
Caus. namayati etc. v. + namayati etc. u.s.+ (namyate etc.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

E.+, -ti etc. c.)

Deriv.

-nam

nami?

av.

nama rv. ? e. +
namana c.
namaniya
namas v.+
namasana

c.

namtva ev.
namtr c.
namra v. +

nardati

etc.

-nama e.+
-namaka c.
namin v.+

namya e.+
namana c.
-namuka

v.

y
Pres. [1.]

rv.

nati AV. +

b.+, -te

nard,
etc. e.

[Act.

etc. anardit nardisyati, nardita.]

nardita e. + -nardam e.

e.
;

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

-namayitr

Int.

-narda

nanardyamana
s.

-nardin

c.

v.

Caus.

-nardayati

nardana

c.

gb.

c.

c.

namayisnu

nanarda

rv.

-ninamsu c.
namayitavya

'bellow'.

Perf.

Verb,

e.

nemi v.
-nannama

ev.

AND Primary Derivatives.

89

y
na^yati

Pres. [4.]

nanaqa

Pcrf.

Aor.

2.

Fut.

1.

etc. e.

lost'.

[1.]

na9ati -te

etc. v.e.

neQus i5.+
ana9at e.+
3. ane9at etc. v.n.
aninatjat etc. v. + (nina9U8 e.)
na9isyati av. + nanksyati -te etc e.+ (ananksyata m.)
2. na9v.e..

ita
Verb,

v.+, -te

etc.

na9, 'be

[nSth

E.

[nansta.]

nasta

v.

+ [nastum,

Sec, Conj.: [Int.

ayati

etc.

nana9-.

v.+. -te

na9ana

etc.

v.s.
b.

iian9Xika

+
k.

The forms from

the

Caus. na9nina9ayisa- c.)

na9ini!.+
nastra av.k.

na9vara c.
na9a b. +
na9aka e. +
stem na9a are

Desid. nina9isa-, ninaiiksa-.

e.+ (na9ayadliyai

nasti b.+

Derir.: -na9 rv.b.

-nan9in

nanstum; nastva, nanstva.]

2 nac,

na9ati -te etc. v.

anat v.b. (nat v.;

iiv.

na9yaE.+
na9ana av. +
na9tika

na9ayitr

vs.

ts.

perliaps to be classed as o^ aorist 2.

nanc,

'attain

Pres. [1.]

Aor.

1.

mahi

anastam nak naksi

impv.

nanqi na9i-

rv.)

Verb. -113,96 Rv.vs.

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.:

inaksati

Desid,

nan9a

rv.

etc.

-nan9ana

rv.

The form anat

y
Pres. [1.]

Aor.

nasate

etc.

nasimahi

-na9a

rv.

by some referred

is

nas,

to |/

a9.

v.
-na9a rv.s.
Compare y iiaks.

'unite'.

rv.

rv.

nah,

'ne'

[I .] nahet m.
+ (nahyus ae.
[Per/", etc. nanaha
(nanaddha nehithal nehe; aninahat, anatsit
anaddha natsyati -te, naddha.]
Verb, naddha v. + [naddhva;] -nahya e.+
CV;u.
Desid. ninatsa-.]
Int. nanah-.
Sec. Conj.: Pa.$s. nahyate c. [

Pres. [4.]

nahyati

-te

etc. v.

nahayati etc. s.+

Derio.: -nah (nadh) v. + nahus v.+
nahanav.+
-naddhi b.

nahas v

c.

-naddha vya

y nath,

e.

nadh,

-nahana

c.

-nahuka.'AH.

'seek aid'

nathate etc. b.+, -ti etc. e. + nadhamana v.

etc. nanatha, nanadhe; anathit, anadhista; nathisyati, nadhi-

Pres. [1.]
[Per/",

nahaAv. +
-nahya b.s.

syate nathita, nadhita.]

;

Roots, Verb-forms,

nath]

nadhita rv. nathitum c; -nathya

Con}.: Pass, nathyate c.
y. natha V.+
nadhas rv.
-nadha b.
nathita

Verb,

Sec.
Z>cr j

90

v.+,

nins,

c.

'kiss'.

ninsate ninsata ninsana rv.

nininse; aninsista; ninsisyate, ninsita.J
-ninsin c.

Pres. [2.]

[Perf.

etc.

Beriv.

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

etc.

ntksanav

c.

Pres. [2?]

nije c, nijana rv.

[3.]

ninikta

nineja, ninije.]

anijara -jan

aninijat.]

[Put.

neksyati -te, nekta.]

nikta v. + niktva b. + -nijya

Verb,

av.s. [

Conj.: Pass,

3.

nijyate

e.

etc.

R.

-neka
-nega

v.s.

-nikti

c.

The intensive

is

av.s.

na9.

^2^.) rv.

anaiksit niksi

4.

av.

-nije rv.

-,

Int.

Desid. niniksa-.] Cans, nejayati

Beriv.: -nij

j/ 1

nij, 'wash'.

2.

>

Aor.

Sec.

neksana

rv.

perhaps a desiderative formation from

Is

[Perf.

v.

-niksana

'pierce'

niksati etc. av.

niniksa; aniksit; niksisyati, niksita.]

-nikse

Verb,

Der it).

niks,

nenekti nenikte

etc.

etc.

v.+

b.+

nejanav.+

s.c.

-neja

n.s.

nejaka

c.

-nejya

pb.

c.

-nektr

s.

regarded hy the grammarians as the present-stem of

this root.

nind, nid,

'revile'.

nindati etc. v.+, -te etc. e. +

Perf. nininda e. + (nindima ninidiis rv.)
Aor. 1. nindyat u., nidana rv.
5. anindisus rv.s. (nindisat av.)
Fut. [1. nindisyati.
] 2. nindita e.
Verb, nindita v. + -nindya e.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, nidyate rv. nindyate c.
Desid. ninitsati rv., -te
Beriv.
nid rv.
ninditr rv.
ninda av. +
nmdya v. +
nida kv.
nindaka e. +
nindana c.
ninitsu rv.
-nedya rv.
nindin c.
nindaniya c.
Pres. [1

.]

s.

[3v] ninithas niniyat

nayati -te etc. v.+
nesi v.s., netha rv., anitam rv.

Pres. [].]
[2.]

ni, 'lead'.
rv.,

ninetu

ms.

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

91

ninaya ninyus

Perf.

-nayam asa

m.,

ninima

v.+ [ninetha kv.,

etc.

-nayam cakre

iiiud

ninye .+

ts.).

e.

3. aninayat.
J J. anaisit etc. v.+ [nais anait n.s.
[1. anayi.
nesati etc. ev., nesat v.u., nesa av.), anesta etc. v.n.
5. anajrit
Av., anayista (2^-) s.
anayisata (pas.) c.
Fut. 1. nesyati etc. av.+, -te etc. b.+ (anesyathaa m.); nayisyati etc. jb.e.+
2. neta e.. nayita e.
(anayisyat jh.), -te etc. e.
Verb, nita v. + netum .+, -tavai e.s., -tos b., nayitum . + nitva b.+,
nayitva e. + -niya av. + nesani ev. -nayam jb.

Aor.

-,

-See.

Conj.: Pass,

sati

niyate

etc. V. +,

-te

v.

-nayin

+
e.

neniyate
u.s.+ Cans, nayayati etc
v.+

etc.

etc.

Int.

niti

V.

-nlya

b.

netr

neya

s.

-nayin

-nayitr

nid,

y
nauti nuvanti

Pres. [2.J

6.

of

v. +
-neni rv.

ev.

-ninisenya

b.

ev.

'nest'.

nlda

nu, nu,

etc. v.

rv.

nestr

nayistha

e.

May be mentioned on account

Perf.

ninisa e.+
ninisu e. +

neman-?

e.

Desid. nini-

e.+. -te e.

nesa

netavya b. +
nayitavya e. +
+

netra av.+
nitha v. +
nitha V.

nayana u.s.+
naya ev.c.
nayaka e. +

v.

v.+

etc.

-nayya c.
-nayana c.

Deriv.: -ni v.

naya

v.

au'l

nidi rv.

'praise'.

+ (anavan

ev.)

[1.]

navate

-ti etc. v.

nuvati.]

nunava

c.

4. [anausit,] anusi etc. v.b.

[anunavat] anunot etc. ev.
5. [anavit anuvit,] anavista ev.
[Fut. navisyati, nuvisyati navita, nuvita.J
Verb, nuta c. [nuta; navitum, nuvitum;] -nutya s.; -navam b.
Int. nonaviti nonumas etc. v.. noSec. Conj.: Pasf. nuyate etc. e.+
Desid. nvmunuvanta ev. (nonava nonnvus ev.) navinot ev. [
Caus. navayati (nunavayisa-).]
sa-.
nonuva c.
nava ev.
Derif.
navana c.
-nava B. +
nuti
c.
ev.
navisti
navya ev.

Aor.

0.

y
Pres. [1.]
Verb,

navate

etc.

ev.

[2.]

nauti

etc.

move'.
s.

ntita? pb.

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

navayati

]/

Pres. [6.]
Perf.

nu,

nudati

nunoda

c,

-te

etc. v.

nunude

nud, push'

+
etc.

v.+

Roots, Verb-forms,

nud]
Aor.

nudyat

1.

nudisthas

5.

Fut.

notsyati

1.

Verb,

nutta

K.

anunudat.

[3.

-te b.e.

2.

eic. v.b.

notta.]
s.

Desid. nunutsa-

b.

ayati etc. v. + (nodyate e. +)

nodav.+
Dmv..- -nud V.+
-nodaka c.
-nudaE. +

-nude

-nodin

[in d.).

nodya c.
nodana c.

rv.,

-nudas

(aus. nod-

-nunutsu c.
-nodayitavya

-nottavya

c.

c.

b.

nr, 'sporf.

I
Tci

[anautsit,] anutta

v.

anonudyanta

B.

] 4.

nimna sv.e. +, nudita m. -nudya

v. +,

nutti

av.

e.,

-no dam

Sec. Con).: Int.

e.+

92

be recognized with probability in the derivatives

naruna ta. narista av.vs. narisyant e. + narma vs.

also in sunara v.b. and sUnr- (siinfta v.+). Compare also Y

y
Pres. [4.]

nrtyati

e.

nrt.

nyt, 'dance'.

-te

etc. v. +,

Perf. nanarta nanrtus e. +

Aor. 1. nrtus e,v. {^perf.i)

narman

etc. e.

2.

nrtamana?

rv.

3.

aninrtat, ananar-

anartisus v.
2. nartita.]
Fut. 1 nartisyati c [nartsyati.
-nartam b.
Verb, nrtta av. + nartituni~c.. narttum c. nartitva c.
c.
etc.
c.
narinrtyate
c.
Int.
narinartti
Conj.:
Pass,
nrtyate
Sec.
Caus. nartayati etc.
Desid. ninartisa- in rf.) [ninrtsa-].
-ti? c.
tat.]

5.

V.+, -te

Deriv.

-nartin

nrt a v.
nrtyau.H-narta e.+

Compare

etc. E.

nartaka

e.

roots

nartayitr
ninartisa

nrtii rv.

vs.

nartanas.+

nrtu

nrtiv av.

-nrtti

nrti

nartitavya

v.

rv.

e.

c.

b.
c.

nat and nr.

]/

ned,

'flow".

nedati etc. b., -te u.

etc. nineda, ninede ninide; anedit, -dista; nedisyati, -te;

Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

nedita.]
Deriv.

-neda

ms.

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Aor.

pacati -te

papaea pecus

etc.

RV.

[4.] pacyate etc. rv.cb.

[papaktha, pecitha], peee pecire etc. v.+

v.+ (pacana m.)

etc. v.b.

[apeciran av.)
[1. paeyat; apaci.

paksat

pae, 'cook'.

3.

apipacat.]

4.

[apaksit, apakta]

++

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

93
Fut.

1.

Verb,

paksyati

Conj.:

Sec.

-te

etc. b.

+ (apaksyat c.)

paktave av.b.; paktva

Pass, pacyate etc. v. +, -ti

(^pakva;!

[Dejrf.

Deriv.:

pipaksa-.
.

paktavya

pacata v.b.
pacatya rv

-te

n.+ (pacyate
uv.

pacaka

pakva

-pacin

pakin

paktha

pakya

paka

rv.b.

etc.

V.

'start'

V.

c.

iz.)

pakthin

pacelima c

e.

paj,

u.

papacyate

Int.

etc.

paktr Av. +
paktrima c.

y'

papaje kvI.
Z>erjt!.
pajra v.s.

m.

...

uv.
vs.

pakta

2.

av.e.

pacayati

Caas.

pakti
pakti
+

v.

-li'

pac? c.
-paca B.+
-pacya ay.

pacana

[pan

e.+

c.

pacya u.
pacana e.

-pacayitr

c.

c.

u.s.

(?).

Perf.

pajas

The connection

v.b.

and meaning among these words

of form

altogether

is

questionable.

y
patati

Pres. [1.]

Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

patayati

etc.

v.+, -te

etc. e.

pataka b.+

e.

tear'.

c'.

Caus.

pata

pat,

(^patyate

-patin

patya

]/

pathati

Pres. [I.]

papatha

Perf.

etc.

ta.+, -te

path,

patana e.+
pataniya c.

c.

c.

'read'.

e.+

etc.

c.

apipathat, apathit pathisyati, pathita.]

Verb, pathita s. + pathitva c.
Int. papathiti
Sec. Conj.: Pass, pathyate etc. e.+
{Aor.

c.)

etc.

c.

I>erjv..-

[^Desid.

pipathisa-.

pathaka E.
pathana c
pathaniya

Pres. [1.]

panate

Caus.

pathitavya c
pathiti

c.

pathayati

pan,

etc. b. +, -ti etc. e.

e.

panita

c,

papathyate

(pathyate

c.)

pathyaE.
pathana c.

'bargain'.

pene apipanat, apanista panisyate,

;

etc.

etc. c.

patha s.+
pathaka e. +
pathin

c.

y
[Perf. etc.

panita.J

panitva s.
Desid. pipanisa-.
panyate etc. e. [ Int. pampan-.
Caus. panayati etc. c. [panayati.]
-pana av.
panayya b.
Deriv.: pana av. +
pananaB.+
pani v.
vanij ? V. +
-panm c.
pani v. +
Verb,

Sec. Conj.

e.

Pass,

.'

panya

b.

panitr

c.

panajritr

c.

Roots, Verb-forms,

pat]

y
Pres. [1. J

patati

v. +, -te etc. e.

etc.

papata petus

Perf.

yat
Aor.

1.

Fat.

1.

etc. v.

'fly,

fair.

+ (paptima paptiis paptivans rv.;

papat-

Av.)

apati

b.

patisyati

patita

Verb,

pat,

94

aa-.

apaptat

3.

av. +, -te

etc.

patitum

papatiti

Sec. Conj.: Int.

b.

etc.

v.b.s.

etc.

apipatat

(apatisyat

e.

patitva

av.b.

rt. [panipat-.]

etc. v.

patita m.
-patya b. + -patam

h. +)

2.

Desid. pipatisati

Caus. patayati etc. v. +, -te

+ ); patayati etc. v.b.s., -te rv.
-pat rv.
patman v.b.
pata AV. +
pataka s. +
pata- v. +
-patya b.
patana v.+
patvan v.b.s.
patin AV. +
-ptuV MS.
patara rv.
patya e. +

CB.; pitsa- (in d.).

etc.

e.

b.

+
av.

etc.

+ (patyate

etc. E.

Deriv.

pataka

pataru

s.+

y
Pres. [4.]

patyate

pipatisu
-pitsu

patana s. +
pataniya c.
patuka B.E.

rv.

patistha v.b.
-patisnu b. +
patiyas b.

-patitavya c.
pattra v.+
patatra v.c.

-paptani rv.

patapata

.s.

E.

c.

patayalii av.

patayisnu
patayitr

v.

c.

2 pat, 'rule'.

etc. v.b.

Doubtless only a denominative of pati.

|/

path,

'go'

(?)

pathati etc. s.
\^Perf. etc. papatha, apathit; pathisyati, pathita.]
Sec. Conj.
cms. pathayati b.s.
Deriv.
path pathi panthan v.+ pantha v. pathanPres. [1.]

<

No

real root

the present forms doubtless bad readings for

pathas

b.

v.

pathis B.
patati etc. the
;

causative a denominative of the stem path.

y
Pres. [4.]

Perf.

padyate

etc.

papada pedus

v.+, -ti

etc.

v.+,

pad,

etc.

ab.e.

pede

etc.

'go".

[2v] padyam

r1.,

patsva

m1.

b.+

apadraahi vs. -dran rv. (padati -dat v.; padista v.l; apadi
3. apipadat av.b.
padi V. +
4. apatsi etc. v.b.u. (patthas av.)
Fut. 1. patsyati etc. b.+ (patsyantu c), -te etc. v.+ [ 2. patta.]
Fer6. panna AV. +
pattuinB.+, -tave rv., -tosB. -padyav. + -padas

Aor.

1.

V.B.;

-padam

Sec. Conj.: Int.

ayati

b.+

panipadyate

etc. v. +,

-te

etc.

c.

Desid. pitsati

av.+ (padyate

etc. b.

b..

-te

c.

Caus.

+ pipadayisati
;

v..+]

pad-

AND Primary Derivatives.

95
Deriv.:

-pad v.+

patti av.+

pad Y.+
pada V. +

-pattavya

-padanaB.r.s.

-padva? c.
-padaB.+
-padaka e. +

padanlya
-padi

-pattr
K.+

Rv'.

Perf.

Aor.

5.

-padin c.
+ -padya n.+

-padana e.+
-padaniya c.

c.

padii

.'

c.

-pitsu

c.

-patsu c.
-padayitavya
-padayitr

rv.ms.

paduka

-pitsa

c.

-pipadayisa
-pipadayisu

b.

c.
v.

pan, 'admire".

y
pananta rv.
papana papne rv.

K.

pS

[1

Pres. [1.]

panista (^3s.)
panita rv.

Verb,

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

etc.

X>ew..-

rv.

panyate

rv.

Int.

panipnat v.u.

Caus. panayati -te

RV.

pana-

panas-

RV.

panu

panya rv.k.
panayya rv.ab.
The words panya

panistama

rv.

panisti

rv.

panitr

pard,

sv.

panistha v.n.
paniyas v.

rv.

panayya cb. seem

s.,

sv.

to

'pedere

Not quotable either in verb -forms

or

panyas uv.
-panya sv.
-panyu rv.
panayayyasv.

belong in meaning to this

root.

derivatives

[parda, pardin,

pardana].

y
Pres. [4.]

Aor.

-te

etc.

v.+

aspasta (pres.?) rv. [

spasta v.+
Conj.: Caus. spaqayate

Deriv.

pa9

'see".

etc. v.

1.

Verb,
Sec.

paQyati

paspa^e

Perf.

pac, spac,

3.

apaspaqat.]

etc. v.e., -ti s.

-paqyana
spaQ a.b.

paQyin c.
pa9yata av.

RV.

pa^yav.H-

c.

spaija k.+

-spa9ana

paspaQa
The stem pa9ya

is

regarded as supplying the deficient present of

y
Regarded as inferable from

pae,

pa9U

av.
c.

dr9.

'bind'.

v. +,

pa9a

v.

pa, 'drink'.

[3.] pipatu
panti kv>.. pathas av'.
av.
pipana
rv..
v...
pipana
K., pipite pipate pipiya apipita
v.
etc.
Perf. papau etc. v.+ (papatha rv., papiyat rv.), papa
apayi
(3s ) rv.
peyas
v.):
pant
pata
Aor. 1. apat etc. v.+ (pahi patam
] 4. pasta av.
RV.
[3. apipyat.

Pres. [1.]

pibati -te

etc. v.

[2.]

Roots, Verb-forms,

pa]

Fut.

pasyati -te

pita

Verb,

-tvi

v.

Kv.

etc. b.

patum
-paya

2.

pata.]

patave

c,
av.

s.

[payam.]

-tavai

v.b.,

-piya

96

e.

b.,

-pai ?

-tos kb.; pitva

rv.

v.b.s.,

pibadhyai

nv,

Int. pepiyate etc. r.c. [papa-.]

piyate etc. av.+
Cans, payayati
Desid. pipasati etc. v. + pipisati etc. rv. (j/ pi'.')
s.
etc. V.+, -te c. (payyate
pipayayiset k.)
-pa v.
panta rv.
pitii? V.B.
-piba Av.c.
Deriv.
e.
v.
V.B.S.
-payaka
pitl
pana +
papi RV.
-payin b. +
-pitha V. +
pipasa B. +
paniya e. +
-payya rv.c.
-peya v. +
pipasu E. +
patavya b. +
pipisu RV.
payana v. +
patr V.+

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

-pavan

patra v.+
Compare j/ 3 pa.

pati

+ (_pana rv'.)

etc. v.

[Perf. papavi.]

[Fut.

pasati etc. rv.

pasyati, pata.]

Verb,

[pata;]

[/Sec.

Conj.:

Aor.

4.

Deriv.

patum

6.

apasit

c.

e.

payate; papa-; pipasa- palayati.]

pala V. +
patr v.c.
rv'.
-pavan v.b.
-panaAv.+
patra?

-pa v.+

patavya

payu

c.

pati V

v.

-payya

BK.

ms.

2 pa, 'protect'

Pres. [2.]

payayitavya

v.b.

-piti RV.

-pitha

V.

-pithy a rv.

rv.

3 pa, 'rise against'.

refer to such a root certain forms

pipi with prefix ud.

V.

pitf ? V.+

from the reduplicated middle stem

Since, however, such forms occur with the unquestion-

meaning 'drink', and, on the other hand, forms from ut-piba (9B.) with
meaning given to 3 pa, it seems probahle that we have here only a curiously

able
the

specialized use of y'

pa

+ ud.
y

Pres. [1.]

Deriv.

payate?

payu

PS'Yj 'cacare

u.

b.+

single very doubtful occurrence (see BR.).

pi, pi, 'swell, fatten'.

[SV] pipihi v.b., pipyatam etc.

payate rv.
[2?] piyana rv.
pipayat etc. pipaya apipet etc. (-payat -pema -pyan pipayanta
pipyana rv. [5.] pinvant -vati av., pinvire pinvana rv., pinvate apinvatam jb.

Pres. [l.J

AND Primary Derivatives.

97
pipaya

Perf.

(_pipetha pipyathus -yus pipivans pipyua-

etc.

(pipyana) rv.
Verb, pina av. +
Derit).; -payav RV.

payas

of

v.

piva ab.
pivan v. +
pivans m.

-pit rv.

pitii v.b.

-pyasa?AV.
piyusav.+
The roots pinv and pya (_giveu for convenience
this. The classification of the reduplicated forms is

pinv,

y
Prea. [1.]

[pi^

pinvati -te

pipye

pivaraE.+
pivas v.b.
pivistha

cjj.

separatelyj are extensions

difflcult

and questionable.

'fatten'.

etc. v.b.s.

Perf.

pipinvathus

[Aor.

apinvit; pinvisyati, pinvita.]

pinvita cb.

rv.

etc.

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

pinvayati

Cans,

-pinva

cb.

pinvana

rv.

b.s.

secondary root-form, from stem

[5.]

pinu

which stem

of |/ pi, from

few regular forms are also made in the older language.

y
pibdamana

Pres. [1.]

Deriv.

pibdana

pibd,

'be firm';?).

v.b.

v,

pi9, 'adorn'.

Pres. [H.J pincjati -te etc. v.b.

pipega pipi9us pipi^e -9re v.

pi9ana rv. [
3. apipiQat.

Perf.

Aor.

1.

[Fut.

pegisyati, pe9ita.]

Verb,

pista

Sec. Conj.

pi9ita av. +

v.b.,

pi9yate

Pass.

9i8a- pipe9isa-.

Deriv.: pi 9 v.

pi9a V.
pi9angav. +

av.

Int.

5.

apeqit.]

pepi9at -9ana

v.b.

Desid. pipi-

Cans. pe9aya-.]

pi9acav. +

pe9av.+

pe9as v.+

pi9aci

pe9iB.+

pe9itr

RV.

pi9una?v. +

pe9ana

vs.

v.

pis, 'crush'.

pinse m.
[6.] pinsa
AV. ?, apinsat m. piseyam pisanti apisan e
apisan av.
Perf. pipesa pipise etc. v. +
7. apiksan cb. [apiksatam.J
Aor. r? apistam (3d.) c'.
3. apipisat e.
Pres. [7.]

pinasti pinsanti

etc.

v.+ (pinak

rv.),

Fut.

1.

Verb,

peksyati
pista

-pesam
Whitney,

v.
b.

u. [
;

2.

pesta.]

pestum

b.

-tavai

b.

pistva

-pisya

b.;

Supplement

II.

s.

+;

Roots, Veeb-fokms.

pis]
Sec. Con).

pisyate

Pass,

pesayati
Beriv.: pesaE. +
Caus.

pesaka

etc. a.

pesya

pipisus

Perf.

pi, see

2 pi, see

pid,

piyati

piyaru

putati

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.:

ply.

(pidyate

e.

etc. b.

pidaniya e.
pidayitavyaE.

-pidam

c.)

-pilana c.
pipilaVAv.+

ply, 'abuse'.

piyaka

piyatnu

av.

put,

ev.

piyii v.b.

'scale' etc.

c.

c.

Pass,

putyate

late

c. [

Caus. putayati, potayati.]

putana

puta b.+
-putaka c.

-pota

c.

and bastard

root,

-potana

c.

-potaka

c.

c.

probably denominative of puta.

y
[Pres. etc.

pi.

pupota; apotit; potisyati, potita.]

putita?

Verb,

etc. v.b.

v.

y
[Perf.

rv.

etc.

ev.

(Bhag. Pur.).

'press'.

pidayati etc. aa'.+, -te

-pidaka c.
Deriv.: -pida E.+
-pidin c.
pidas. +
pidana u. +

Pres. [6.]

apistam

for

'stretcli' (?

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

pipisvanf

c.

cb.

Pres. [1.]

pestra'?Av.

pestr

cb.

Deriv.

Desid. pipiksa-.]

cb.

pesuka

pipide

pesanas. +

c.

pis,

Perf.

pepis-.

Int.

apinstam

|/

Deriv.

pesi rv.

c.

pisyati

etc. s.

Doubtless we are to read

Pres. [4.]

98

puth,

'crush'.

puthyati; pupotha; apothit; pothisyati, pothita.]

pothayati etc. e.+, -te e.+

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

Deriv.

potha

pothaka

e.

y
pusyati
posati ci.

Pres. [4.]

e<c.

v.+. -te

e.

pus,
etc.

'thrive'.

t..+

[9.]

pusnati

etc.

e.+

[1.]

AND Primary Derivatives,

^9
Perf.

Aor.

puposa etc. v.+ (pupusyas kv.)

1. pusyasam -sma b., -yat c. [aposi.]
-ema v.is.s., pusa s.) [
apupusat.

pusta

+ pusyase rv.

v.

2.

[apusatj (puseyam

apoBit.J

5.

poksyati; posita, posta.]

\Ful. posisyati,
Verb,

\\.

[pGy

pusyate

popus-.
Desid.
pusisa-, pupviksa-.
] Cans, posayati etc. v.
Deriv.
-pus RV.C.
pusa c.
posa V. +
pusan V.+
pusya V. +
posaka e.+
pusana rv.e.
puska- V. +
posin RV.C.

Sec. Con).

Pass,

etc. c.

[Int.

puspa
pusti
pUSti

V.

pusarya

AV.

y
Pres. [9.]

posya V. +
posana e. +
posaniya o.

rv.

V.

punati punite

etc. v.

pu,

+ (punahi

sv.,

punate

(pavamana v.+), pava rv'., pavant

pupuvus b.s., -ve etc. b. fapupot rv.ms.)

Perf.

Verb,

posuka

II.

postr R. +
positr c.
posayitnii av.

posayisnu

c'.

rv.)
punise

[1.]

av.

pavate
[Is.) av'.

apipavat.
] 5. apavisus rv.. apavista etc. rv.ms,
pavisyati -te pavita.]
[pavitva,] putva
ptita v. + [pavita, puna;] pavitum jb.

[3.

[Fut.

-poaas RV.

'cleanse'.

etc. V.B..S.

Aor.

puposisa-, pu-

av.,

-puya B.s. -pavam s.

Int. popu-.
Desid. pupusa-, piSec.Conj.: Pass, puyate etc. v. + [
Caus. pavayati etc. b.s., -te aa. pavayati etc. b.+, -te e.
pavisa-.]
(pavyate etc. c.)
-pava V.+
pavya rv.
potr V.+
Deriv.
-pu v.b.
V.
v.
potra
+
pavaka v. +
av.
+
pavana
-pu
putvi

RV.;

-pva?

pava
pava

puti B. +
puti'ima

V.
c.

RV.

y
Perf.

apujan? m'.
pupujire m'.

[Aor.

apupujat.]

pavana

pavitr RV.
pavitr AV. +
pavitra v. +

AV.

puj, 'reverence

e.

-puna E.+
pavayitr b.

Pres. [1.]

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

Deny.

pujayati

etc. s. +,

pujya

puj a s.+

e.

-te

etc. e.

Pres. [1.]

[Perf.
Verb,

puyati

etc.

Deriv.;

pujayitr e.
pujayitavyac.

etc. b.s. [-te.]

pupuye; apupuyat, apuyista; puyisyate,

popuy-, popu- ; pupuyisa- puyaya-.]

puti av.+
puya B.+
:

e.+)

ptiy, 'stink'.

[puta,] puyita (caws,?) cb.

[Sec. Conj.

etc.

pujanaRv.E.+
pujaniyaE.+

ptijaka E.+

(pujyate

puyita.]

Roots, Verb-forms,

pur]

pur,

y
Pre*. [3.]

prnati

etc. v.b.s.

puryamana

pr.

pr, prn, pur,

piparti piprati

see

'fill'.

(apiprata 3s.
prnati -te etc. v.b.

ev.

etc. v.c.

[6.]

100

pipiprhi

[5.]

c'.)

prnuyat

s'.

[9.]
[4.]

rvI.

pupure -rire c. (pupuryas rv.J; [papara, paparus paprus]

paprvans ? ms.
3, apupuram
Aor. 1 purdhi rv. apuri c. priyasam av. [puryat.]
CB. fpupurantu ev.) piparat rv*.
5. [aparit,] puristhas ta.
Perf.

parisyati, parita.]

[Fut.

purna

V.

-purya

e.

Fr6.

e.+, -ti

etc.

etc. e.

AV. +, -te

pur

+ (puryate
parinas rv.

etc. e.

v.

(orpres. 4.)

etc. e.

e.

purisa?v. +
purti v. +

puranaB.+
puraniya a

puraE.+

-prna

See also

pra, which

is a

piparti piprati

papr-, po;]

purayati

-purin
-purya

e.

pupuri

b.e.

sv.

piiraya? rv.

purayitr e.
purayitavya

V.B.S.

c.

secondary form of this root.

y
Pres. [3.]

sv.

[Int.

papri rv.
papuri rv.

parvanv. +
V.

[purtva;]

+)

puraka

pariman
pareman

rv.

Cans, [parayati

-parana c.
parus v. +

puru

r.

puryate

Desid. piparisa-, pupursa-.

pur-.
etc.

See. Conj.: Pass,

Beriv.

purtav. + prta s'. [purita]; puritum

-puras k. prnadhyai rv. -puram s.

2 pr, 'pass'.

etc. v.b.s.c.

(piprhi

s'.c'.)

[1.]

para

vsi. ?

parsi rv.
4. parsati etc.
apiparat etc. v.b. (piparat v.b., piparat rv'.)
RV., parsat v.b., parsa v.
5. parisat rv.
Verb, parsani rv.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. parayati etc. v. +, -te etc. e.+ (paryate c.)
Deriv.: -parana v.
parsani rv.
parana v. +
pipru? v.
RV.
rv.
e.
parsistha
paraniya
+
-paraya bv.
partf
perii v.
parsa? RV.
para v. +
parayitr b.
-parsin? CB.
-parin ab.
papri v.
parayisnuv.
The aorist stem pars has almost won the value of a secondary root.
[2.]

Aor.

y
prnoti
prta e. +

Pres. [5.]
Verb,

3.

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

prnvana

pr, 'be busy'.

c'.

Cans, parayati

priyate e. +
Rv.
-para

Pass,

-pra ?

c'..

.3

e.

etc. c.

AND Primary Derivatives.

101

vya

Only with a and (especially)

use of

pr

or 2

pass to and

(1

pr

up

'be tilled

hence in

[py5

all probability

pr

or occupied', or 2

specialized

with vi-a, 'made

to

kept in motion').

fro,

pre, 'mix'.

prnakti prneanti etc. v.b., priikte etc. v.b.

[1.] prnca pfn[3.] piprgdhi v.b., piprkta rv.
Perf. paprcus b. paprcasi rv., -cyat etc. \.). paprcana rv.
Aor. 1. parcas rv., prciya etc. bv.s., preana rv.
4. aprak av., aprksi
Pres. [7.]

cati Av.

-kta

etc. v.B.s. [

[Fut.

parcisyati

Verb,

prkta

5.

aparcit, aparcista.J

-te, pareita.]

-prgna?
prcyate

v. +,

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

-prce

rv'.;

v.+

etc.

Caus. parcaya-.]

-parcana

this

see

pft

rv.,

pv9> pv?

praksaVv.

pr.

prtana

v.

(?)

number of words
spr9
prsta v.b.

tions, in part perhaps connected with

pr9niv.+
prsant v. +
prsataB.+

Desid. piparciaa-.

heading may be grouped

pf Qana rv.
prQani rv.

prt, 'fight'.

Inferable from the derivatives

v.b.s.

pariprc-.

prka rv.
prksa' rv.

v.

y prn,

Under

Int.

parka av.+

Deriv.: -pre v.b.

-prcas

rv.,

Pysti

of doubtful rela-

^'-b-

par(juv.+

parqana

v.

prstha v.+

pya,

'fill

up'.

pyayate etc. v. +
pipye? Rv. [papye.]

Pres. [4.]
Perf.

Aor.

apyayi.

[1.

simahi

4.

apyasam

aa.

5.

pyayisimahi

s.

pyasi-

6.

av.b.s.

[Fut.

pyasyate, pyayisyate pyata, pyayita.]

Verb,

pyata

Sec. Conj.:

ydte

ts.

[pyana.]

etc.

etc.

av.+, -te

etc. c.

(pyayayisthas

r.

pyay-

b.+)

Dmi;.; -pyaya

c.

-pyayin
Is a

pyayayati

Caus.

-pyayya

-pyayana b.+

e.

c.

secondary root-form from

pi.

-pyayayitr

b.

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

prach]

y
Pres. [6.]
Perf.

prchati -te

etc.

prach,

102

'ask'.

v.+

papracha paprachu3

b.

4. apraksit etc. v. + (aprat ev.), aprasta c.

apaprachat.
]
(prksase? bv.)
2. praata.]
Fut. 1. praksyati etc. b.+ (apraksyat b.u.) [
v.
e.+
v.
pratva
Verb, prsta
+
-prchya e. + -prcham
+; prastum
-che Rv.
[Int. paripreh-.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, prchyate etc. v.+
] Desid. pipr[Caus. praehaya-.]
chisa- (in d.).
Deriv.
prastr u.+
-prch rv.
prchaka b.+
piprchisu c.
prach- E.+
prchya rv.c.
pra9na v.+
paprksenya ev.
prastavya e. + -praqnya b.
prcha c.
The BV. form paprkse is also referred hither by BR.

Aor.

[3.

-,

prath, 'spread'.

prathate etc. v.+, -ti etc. v.

paprathe etc. v. +, -thatus c.
1. prathana ev.
3. (j>erf. ?) paprathat

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Aor.

ista

etc.

prathisyate, prathita.]

Verb,

prathita

Deriv.

Qaus.

prathayati

prthuv.+

prthakv.+
prthavana

prthiviv. +

etc. v.

(prathayi

pratha

rv.

prathana b.+
prathas v.b.
prathuE. +
prathiman rv.c.

v.B.

c.

pra,

|/

Pres. [2.]

prasi

aprath-

tb.s.)

paprau

etc. v.

1.

(papratha rv.
aprayi av,

v.b.

prathasnu?
prathayitr

prinati -nite

etc.

\.+

rv.),

papre

(3^.) rv.b.

-prana

(api-) ev,

-pravan

ev.

pr.

pri, 'please'.

[4. (or pass.')]

priyate

etc.

u.+, -ti

etc.

e.+

r'.)

pipriye -yana
priyat

c.

etc. v.

apras

4.

rv.

apipres

etc.

b.s.

(piprayat

etc.

prihi RV.)
1.

tb.

'fill'.

papra

-pra av. b.s.

y
(priyanti

secondary root-form, from

Pres. [9.]

prathistha v.b.
prathiyas b.s.

rv.

aprat etc.
Verb, prata rv.
I>eny.; -pra RV.

Aor.

5.

prtha B.+

Perf.

-te

etc. v. +,

prthi

Aor.

e.

-prth? RV.

Perf.

-thanta rv.

EV.

[Fut.

Sec. Conj.:

etc.

c.

4.

apraisit

etc. b.

(presat rv.) [apresta.J

-ayasva pi-

AND Primary Derivatives.

103
iFut.
Verb,

[plu

presyati -te, preta.]

prita v. + pritva cb.
;

Sec. Conj.

pepri-.

[Int.

Dcriw. ; -pri v.B.s.

priya V.+

prayas
The

v.b.

Desid. piprisati rv.

Cans, prinayati

priti s.+

preman

pretr
preni

preyas v.+
prestha v. +

so-called causative

is,

rv.s.
v.

v.+

piprisa

etc. s.+
e.

pipri8UE.+
prinana e.+

of course, a deuominative, apparently of a pple

prina, not occurring independently.

y
Pres. [1.]

pravate

pupruve

Perf.

flow'.

etc. rv.b.s.

etc. b.

prosthas s.
pruta bv.
Deriw. prava RV.
Aor.

pru,

4.

Verb,

pravana v. +
-prut v.b.
much more common y plu.
'.'

side-form to the

pruth,

y
Pres. [1.]

prothati

[Perf. etc.

etc. v.b.,

-amana

'snort'.

rv.

puprotha, -othe; aprothit, -thista; prothisyati

-te,

pro-

thita.]

prothy a s.
Sec. Conj.: Int. popruthat rv.
Cans, prothayitva
Deriv. protha b. +
prothatha rv.
Verb,

-pruthya

rv.,

s.

prus,

'sprinkle'.

prusnuvanti -navat -nute

RV., -sant? Av.
[4.] aprusyat
[Perf. etc. puprosa aprosit.J
Pres. [5.]

rv.

[9.]

prusnant

b.

[d.]

prusa

cb.

prosisyant ts.
prusita rv.
Dcrjy..- -prus V.+
Compare y plus.
Fut.

1.

2.

prosita.]

Verb,

-prus

prusva

ts.

pii

(?).

The isolated form vi pliyante occurs

y plu,
Pres.

[L] plavate

pupluve

etc.

v.+, -ti

etc. b.

qt svb.

iii. 9.

1.

'float'.

[2?] pluvita

-vus e.+
3. [apuplavatj apiplavam cb.
Fut. 1. plosyati -te etc. b.
Verb, pluta av. + -plutya s. +, -pluya

Perf.

prsvaV

av.b.

s.,

b.+,

Aor.

4.

aplosta

cb.k.

etc. b.

apluvan

e.

ts.

Roots, Veeb-fokms,

pluj
Sec. Conj.

popluyate

Int.

vayati etc. b.+,

plava V.+

DeWv.

-te

.-

plavaka

E.

-plavin c.
Compare ]/ pru.

plosati

c*.

104

Desid. puplusa-.]

Caus. pla-

etc. e.+ (plavyate c); plavayati c'.

plavanas. +
plavaB.+
plavyaE.
plavitr e.
-plavaka c.
plavana b.+
pluti s. +
plavin b. +
plavayitr e.

plus, 'burn".

y
Pres. [1.]

b.

etc.

]
;

[plusyati, plusnati.]

puplosa; aplosit; plosisyati, plosita.]

plusta e.+
Sec. Conj.: Pass, plusyate c.
Derji'.
plosin c.
pliisi v.b.
plosa o.
Compare y prus.
[Per/", etc.

Verb,

plosana

.-

psa, 'devour".

y
Pres. [2.J

psati

[Per/", etc.

Verb,

av.b.

etc.

papsau psayat, pseyat, apsasit psasyati,

;

psata

Sec. Conj.:

-psaya b.
Pass, apsiyata
b.

c.

jb.

Int.

papsa*.

psata.]

Desid. pipsasa-.

Cans, psapaya-.]
Deriv.

psaniya

c.

Doubtless a secondary root-form, from

bhas.

^
!

y phakk,
Pres. [l.J

[Perf.

etc.

'swell'

(?)

phakkant c'.
paphakka; apaphakkat, aphakkit; phakkisy ati, phakkita

phakkyate, paphakk-, piphakkisa-, phakkaya-.]

The

single occurrence doubtless artificial.

y
Pres. [1.]
[Perf. etc.

phanati

phan,

'spring'.

c.

paphana paphanus phenus

aphanit aphanit

phanita.]

phanisyati,

[Desid. piphanisa-.
paniphanat rv., pamphanat s.
Caus. phanayati etc. bv.lcs. [phanayati.J
phena?v. +
Der ju. phana b. +
phaiitaB.+

Sec. Conj.: Int.

phar,

parpharat rvI.
pharvara
-pharvi v.b.

'scatter' (?;.

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Deriv.

b,v.

phariva

rv.

All the derivatives of doubtful meaning and connection.

parpharika

rv.

AND Peimary Derivatives.

105

y
phalati

Pres. [1.]

etc. e.

paphala

[Aor.

apiphalat, aphalit
phalita e. +

[phelus.]

e.

etc.

phalisyati, phalita.J

[Int. pamphul-.
Desid. piphalisa-.
phalin c.
phalaka b.+
phala

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.:

'burst'.

Perf.

Verb,

phal,

See

[bandh

phal. Tlie pple phullant

m1.

is

Cam. phalayati etc.

phulla e.+

p.-

v.+

doubtless a denominative for-

mation from phulla.

2 phal,

y
Pres. [1.]

phalati

Perf. phelire c.
Fut. phalisyati

phalita

Verb,

Deriv.

e.

phala

etc. e. +,

etc. e.

-te

'fruit'.

e.

phalitavya

v.

e.

Doubtless in reality a denominative of phala, which from

y banh,
[Pres. etc.

Dcriu.

phal.

firm'.

banhate; babanhe; abanhista; banhisyate, banhita.J

badha

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

'make

v.

Cans,

bahala

banhayate

etc. b.

bahuv.+

c.

banhistha v. +
banhiyas ms.

bandh,

bahu'' v.+

'bind'.

+ (badhana av. +. bandhana e., badhnihi c),

-nite etc. a'.b.s.
[1.] abandhat c, -dhata (3s.) e.. abadhnanta e.
av.+.
babandha
bedhus av.. babandhus e. + bedhe -dhire etc.
Perf.
Pres. [9.]

badhnati

etc. v.

[babandhe.]
badhyat, ababandhat, abhantsit.]
1. bhantsyati etc. b.s., bandhisyati -te e.+

AV.

[Aor.
Fut.

2.

banddha.]

baddha v. + banddhum e. +, baddhum? e., bandhitum e. baddhva av. +, -dhvaya b. -badhya b. + -badhe av. -bandham c.

Verb,

JSec.

Conj.

Pass,

badhyate

etc. v. +. -ti c.

Desid. bibhaiitsa-.
Deriv.

Cans,

[Int.

bandhayati

babandh-, babadhya-.
etc.

b.+

bandha v. +
bandhaka e.+
bandhin e. +
bandhya e. +

bandhana v. +
bandhaniya e.
bandhu v. +
-bandhuka b.

+-

-baddhavya c.
-banddhr c.
banddhra av.

badhira v. +
bandhayitr c

Roots, Verb-forms,

bal]

y
balbaliti

Sec. Conj.: Int.

bal, 'whirl'!?).

cbI.

not probable that this solitary verb-form has anything to do with the

It is

common

y bal

derivatives (from a

istha B.+.

baliman

u.,

bala?

'be strong)

badhate etc. v. +, -ti

babadhe v.+. -dha? m.

Pres. [1.]

bala

v. +.

baliyas

av. +, bal-

s.+

y badh,
Perf.

106

etc.

'oppress'.

e.+

] 5. badhista v. (badhithas ta.); badhistam ta.

ababadhat.
2. badhita.]
Fut. 1. badhisyati c, -te e. [
Verb, badhita a. + badhitum e.
-badhya rv. badlie hv.
Int. babadhe babadhana,
Pass, badhyate etc. e.+
Sec. Conj.:
Desid. bibhatsate etc. \. + bibadhisate
badbadhe -dhana ev.b.
Cans, badhayati etc. av. +
cB.
bibhatsas.
badhaniya c.
Dem'.: badh Rv.
-badhin b.c.
rv.
v.+
bibhatsa b.
b.
+
-badhas
badhya
badha, -a
badhitavya e. + bibhatsu v. +
badhaka e. + badhana e. +
badhitr e.+
Compare y' vadh, badh. The reference of bibhatsa- to this root is not

Aor.

[3.

beyond question.

y budh,
Pres. [4.]
Perf.

Aor.

budhyate

bubudhe

etc.

\.+, -ti

'know, wake'.

etc. e.

[l.Jbodhati

etc. v. +,

-te

etc.

e.+

bubodha e. (bubodhati etc. bubodhas rv.)

abudhran -ram rv., budhana rv. abodhi
V.+ 2. budhanta rv., budhemaAv. ?
3. abiibudhat v.
5. bodhisat rv.,
4. abhutsi etc. v.b., abuddha c. [bhutsista.]
1.

bodhi

etc.

v.+,

(impr.) rv.

Fut.

abodhisata c.
1. bhotsyati b.,

Ver^.

buddha

b.,

budhi

Sec. Conj.

.-

v.

-te

e. [

e.

buddhva

c.

-budhyas. +

-budhe

RV.

Pass,

budhyate

c.

[bubodhisa-.j

sati -te

etc. c.

yate

bubodhayisa-

e.,

"i-boddha.]

boddhum

Int.

bobudhiti

etc. b.c.

Caws, bodhayati

Desid. bubhut-

etc.

v.+, -te b.

(bodh-

in d.)

Deri'-.:

-budh

V.B.

budha

B.+

-budhya rv.
budhan- tb.
bodhav. +
bodhaka E.+

bodhin e. +
bodhya e.+
bodhana v. +
bodhaniya e.+
bodhiE. +
bodhit- rv.

buddhi s. +
boddhavya l +
bodhitavya c.
boddhr e. +
bubhutsa c.
bubhutsu e.+
.

bodhayitavya c.
bodhayitr rv.c.
bodhayisnu e.
bubodhayisu e. +
bibodhayisu r'.

AND Primary Derivatives.

107

bul, 'submerge'.

y
Conj.

-Sec.

Caus.

bolayati

The single occurrence in

y
Pres. [1.]

brnhati

c.

commentary

brnh, vrnh,

]/

-te

is

doubtless

etc. cb.

[6.]

babarha av., babrhana rv.

brdha ob., vrdha cii.c.
Conj.: Int. barbrhat barbrhi

brhati

artificial.

y vrnh.

'roar', see

brh, 'make big or

[bhak?

strong'.

etc.

av.d.

Perf.
Verb,
Sec.

etc. {or

Deriv.

vrnh.-) e.+, -te

-barhana

barhana

v.

ev.

Caus.

barhaya

brahman v. +
brahman v. +

-barhas v.b.
barhistha v.+ -brhhin
barhis ? v. +

Compare the following

The

v.

v.;

brnhayati

e.

brhant

brh- v. +
-barha s. +

ev.

brnhana k. +
brnhaniya c.

brnhayitavya

c.

c.

root.

brh, vrh, 'tear,

see

the connection of some of their

brh, and

relations of the two roots

y vrh.

derivatives, are not wholly clear.

bru,

say'.

braviti bruvanti etc. briite bruvate etc. v. + (brumi e.. bravihiE.+, abriivan u., abravat? m.)
[6.] abruvam u.e., bruva-

Pres. [2.]

dhvam
Aor.

1.

Deriv.

m.,

bruvamana

bruyasta
-brava v.

c.

m1.

-bruva

av. +

bli, see

y bhaks,
bhaksati
abhaksi c.

Pres. [1.]

Aor.

Verb,

-te

etc. e.

vli.

'partake of, eat'.

ababhaksat
bhaksitum e. + -bhaksam s.

1.

3.

cb.
*

Caus. bhaksayati
bibhaksisati e.?
B.+ (bhaksyate etc. b. + bibhaksayisati e.+)

Sec. Conj.: Desid.

etc.

v.+, -te

etc.

Deriv.

bhaksav.+
bhaksaka c.
bhaksin s. +

bhaksitavya c. bhaksayitr e.+

bhaksya e. +
bhaksayitavya b.+
bhaksitr e.
bhaksana v. +
c.
bibhaksayisa
bhaksaniya b.c. bhaksivan b.s.

bibhaksayisu
Secondary root-form, from
'causative' forms only sporadic.

y bhaj

(as

k.

denominative of bhaksa); the non-


Roots, Verb-fokms,

bhaj]

y
Pres. [1.]

bhajati -te

babhaja bhejus

Perf.

etc. V.

bhaj, 'divide, share'.

v.+

etc.

2.

bhaksi

ev.

v.+ (babhaktha

[bhejitha]), bheje -jire

fn.

abibhajus
abhaksi -kta
1. bhaksyati

Aor. 3.

Put.

etc.

108

ce.

etc. v.

-te

4.

abhaksit

etc. v.

+ (bhaksista

etc. n.

+ (abhak

(abhaksyan

bhaksat

v.b.,

bhajisyati -te

m.);

e,v.),

-sita sv.)

etc. v.b.s.,

etc. e.

bhakta.]

2.

v. +
bhaktum b.+, bhajitum e. bhaktva av. +, -tvaya
-bhajya b. + -bhajam (m/".) b.
[hit. babhaj-.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, bhajyate etc. av.+
] Desid. [bibhakCans, bhajayati etc. v. +, -te c.
sa-;] bhiksa- (see y bhiksj.
(bhajyate etc. av.b.)
bhajaka c.
Deriv.: bhaj v. +
bhajaniya e. + bhagav. +
bhajenya c.
bhaj in v. +
bhaga v. +
bhagin b. +
bhaktiv. +
-bhagya s.
bhajya c.
bhaj in c.
bhajitavya e.
bhagiyas c.
bhajanaB.+
-bhajya c.
rv.
s.
bhajana c.
bhaktr
-bhaja
bhajayu ev.
Compare the derivative root -forms bhaks and bhiks compare also
y bhahj.

bhakta

Yerb.

Rv.

y bhanj,
bhanakti
babhanja etc.

v.+ (abhanas av.)

Pres. [7.]

etc.

Perf.

v. +, -jire c.

Aor.

1.

abhajic. [abhahji; bhajyat.

etc. e.

Put.

1.

bhajya-.
:

s.+

e.

ababhahjat.]

bhajyate

etc.

av.+, -ti

bhanga

v.

bhangi c.
bhanj aka

e.

etc. b.

-bhajya
[

Jnt.

abhahksit

e.+

-bhahjam

bhanktr

'hire'.

etc. c.) is

y bhau,
bhanati

babhana

07ily a

denominative of

'speak'.

etc. jb.c.

[babhanitha.]
Aor. I. abhani c [
3. abibhanat, ababhanat.
[Put. bhanisyati, bhanita.]
c.

bhanita

c.

bhanitva

c.

c.

bhaiigurav.+

doubtless a prakritized form of bhrta.

Pres. [1.]

c.

bambhahj-, bam-

bhanjana av.+
-bhahj anu ev.

c.

bhat,

This so-called root (bhatayati

Verb,

4.

2.

Perf.

Desid. bibhanksa-. Caus. bhanjaya-.]

bhanginEv.c.

E. +.

o.

bhankta m.
bhaiiktva e.+, bhaktva

bhanksyati

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Beriv.

bhagfia

Verb,

'break',

5.

abhanit.]

bhata

ij

AND Primary Derivatives.

109
Sec. Conj.

bhanyate

Pass,

Desid. bibhanisa-

c.

[bhas

(in d.)

bhan-

Caug.

ayati.]
Deriv.

-bbana

later

bhanana c.
bhananiya

c.

bhanati

bhan,

Denu.

bhandate

etc.

bhartsati

Sec. Conj.:

Caus.

etc.

bharts,

bharvati etc.
-bharva? rv.

etc. e. +,

bharvara?

etc. e. +,

-te

<

'bark'.

etc. e.
;

Jxj. ;

E.+)

etc. u.c.

babhasa abhasit bhasisyati, bhasita.]

Verb, bhasitum e.
bhasana c
Dcr
bhasa vs.
bhasaka c.

[Perf. etc.

etc.

bhal, 'perceive'.

bhasati

(bhartsyate

rv.

y bhas,
Pres. [1.]

c'.

bharv, 'devour'.

bhalate etc.]
Caus. bhalayati -te

Sec. Conj.

-te

rv.

y
[Pres. etc.

'revile'.

av. is certainly a false reading.

y
Pres. [1.]

bhadrav.+

v.s.

av. .'kb.e.

bhartsayati

Tlie form

Deriv.:

the later form.

'be bright'.

bhandistha

v.B.

bhartsana b.+
bhartsyami

Deriv.

c.

rv.

y
Pres. [1.]

bibhanisu

bhandayati.]

Caus.

bhand^na

.-

c.

'speak'.

-nanta rv.
with ]/ bha. Compare y bhan,

y bhand,
[Sec. Conj.:

bhanaka

c.

c.

etc.

Probably related

Pres. [1.]

bhana

y bhan.

form of

y
Pres. [1.]

bhaniti
c.

y bhas,

-bhas?AB.

'devour'.

babhasti bapsati etc. v.b. Cbabhasat rv., babdham c'.)

bhasat
bhasathas rv.
[1 ?]
Verb, bhasita c.
babhaea u.
-psu rv.
i>eriv.
bhas c.
bhastra?B. +
v.
+
-bhasa ? e.
bhasman
Compare the derived root psa. The nouns bhasad v.b.s., bhdnsas

Pres.

[3.]

hardly belong here.

v.

Roois, Verb-forms,

bha]

y
Pres. [2.] bliati

babhau

Perf.

etc. v.

etc. e.

bha,

110

'shine'.

bhayat, abhasit.]
2. bhata.]
bhasyati b.+ [
Verb, bhata u. +
Int. babha-.
Desid. bibhasa-.
Caus.
[Sec. Conj.: Pass, bhayate.
bhapaya-, abibhapat.]
Deriv. : bha v, +
bhaua e. +
bhanu v. +
-bha van -vari v. +
bhati c.
bhama v.
bhas v. +
bha s. +
Compare roots bhan and bhas.
[ylor.

Fut.

1.

bham,

'be angry'.

bhamate; babhame; abhamista; bhamisyate, bhamita.]

bhamita rv.ts.
Caus. bhamaya-.]
Conj.: Int. babhamya-.

[Pres. etc.
Yerh.

[Sec.

bhama

Deriv.

v.b.

In reality,

the

solitary

bhamita

form

doubtless gwusi-pple from

is

bhama {y bha).

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

bhasate

babhase

b.+, -ti

etc.

etc. b.

Aor. [1. abhasi.

bhas,
etc. e.

'speak'.

3.

ababhasat, abibhasat.

] 5.

abhasisi

c.

2. bhasita.]
bhasisyate c. [
bhasita e. + bhasitumu.+, bhastum e. bhasitvaE. -bhasyaE.+
[Int. babhas-.
Desid, bibhasisa-.
Sec. Conj. Pass, bhasyate etc. e.+
Caus. bhasayati etc e.+. -te etc. b.e.
bhasanaE.+
bhasita vy a e.
bhasaka c.
-Deri u.
-bhas AB.
bhasitrB.+
bhasin e.
-bhasaniya c.
-bhasaE.H-

Fut.

1.

Verb,

bhasa

s.

bhasya

s.

Related with roots bha, bhas,

y
Pres. [1.]

bhasati

etc.

av. +, -te

bhan.

bhas,
etc. e.

'shine".

[Aor.

babhase etc. e. +
bhasisyate, bhasita.]
etc. ababhasat abibhasat, abhasista

Verb,

bhasita

Perf.

c.

Desid. bibhasisa-.
] Caus. bhasayati etc.
babhas-.
V. +, -te E. (bhasyate c)
-bhasanaE. +
bhasura e.
X)erji;.; bhas B.+
bhasaka c.
rv.
bhasvara b. +
e.
+
bhasas
b.
bhasin
+
bhasa
See. Conj.

[Int.

bhasya
Doubtless

bhas. Compare

c.

secondary root-form from

also

bhas.

y bha,

perhaps through the noun

Ill

A.ND

PkIMARY DeKIVATIVES.

y bhik?,
bhiksate
bibhikse b.u.

Pres. [1.]
Perf.

etc.

\.+, -ti

[bhi

'beg'.

etc, e.

[Aor. abhiksista.]

bbiisisye e. [
2. bhiksita.]
bhiksita e. + bhiksittim e. bhiksitva c.
Sec. Conj.: Cans, bhiksayati c.
Beriv.
bhiksa v. +
bhiksana s. +
bhiksitavya
Fut.

1.

Terb.

bhiksin

desiderative formation from

y
Pres. [".]

bhinatti bhindanti

Perf.

bibheda bibhidus

Aor.

1.

abhedam

abhedi

b.e.

-et

bv.

etc.

2.

bhetsyati

bhid,

'split'.

v.+.

etc.

s.

bhaj.

bhintte c. bhindana

bibhide c.
(^bhet bhedati bhidant

ev.

v. +,

[abhidat]

[abhaitsit,] bhitthas
Fut.

bhiksu c.
bhiksuka

on.

e.

ts.

av.

3.

abibidhat.]

ms.);

4.

[bhitsista.J

-ate

etc. s. +,

bhideyam

bhidyusv

ev..

etc. k.

+ (_abhetsyat

u.) [

2.

bhetta.]

bhinnav. + bhettuinE. + bhettavai b.s. bh.ittvav. + -bhidya V. +

Sec. Conj.
Pass, bhidyate etc. b. +, -ti etc. e. [
Int. bebhid-.]
Desid.
Caus. bhedayati etc. e.+, -te e. (^bibhedayisabibhitsati etc. rv.e.
in cL). bhidapaya- [in d.).
Derh
bhedaka s. +
bhindii v.b.
bhettr v. +
bhid V.+
bibhitsa e. +
-bhida e. +
bhedin b.+
bhidura c
bibhitsu e. +
bhitta? c.
bhida c.
bhedya e.+
bibhedayisu e.
bhitti B. +
bhidya v. + bhedana s. +
bhidapana c.
bhettavya e.
bheda v.+
bhedaniya e.
Verb,

-,

bhisaj,

'heal'.

bhisakti ev.
[7 ?] abhisnak ev.
v.+
Beriv.: bhisaj
bhesaja v.+
The use of bhisaj as a verbal root in rv. is very abnormal. The denominative bhisajyati etc. v.b., from the noun bhisaj, is qnite common.
Pres. [2.]

bhi, bhis,

'fear'.

bibheti bibhyati etc. v.+ ([bibhitas etc.] bibhiyat c")

bhayate etc. v.
[1.] bibhyati -yanti etc. e.+
bibhayam
^b.aa.), bibhye e.
v.
(^bibhaya
etc.
+
bibhaya
bibhyus
Perf.
Pres.

Aor.

Fut.

[3.]

eakara b.
1. bhes b.s.. bhemaRv., bhiyana rv. [abhayi.]
+
4. abhaisit etc. v. + (bhais
abibhayanta ev.
2. bheta.]
1
abhesyat cb. [
.

v..

'-i-

bibhayat

Roots, Verb-fokms,

bhi]
bhita

Verb,

v.

bhetum

bhayayati
(bibhisas
Deri V.

c.

etc.

ts.

bhaya v. +
bhayya B.
bhiyas
The

V.

'causative'

Compare

]/

-bhiya

stem

Int.

c.

bbiyase rv.

bebhi-.

Desid. bibhisa-.

(-bhayya b.); bhisayate

bhisayant c)
bhiyasana av. bheya e.
bhiti c.
bhiru v. +

-sathas rv.

bhi V.+

e.

bhiyate.

Sec. Conj.: [Pass,

112

Caus.

-ti etc.

e.

bhetavyaE.+

-bhila

bliiinav.+

bhls

is, of

b.

etc.

bhisaE.
bhisaka

e.

bhisanav.+

e.

bhisma

v.b.u.

b.+

course, a denominative from a derivative noun.

bhyas.

bhuj,

bend'.

bhujati etc. v.+

Perf. [bubhoja] abubhojis rv.
[AoT. etc. abhaviksit bhoksyati, bhokta.]
Verb, bhugna s. +
-bhujya s.+
Pres. [6.]

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.:

Pass,

bhvijyate

-bhuj

av.

bhuj a

E.

c.

bhoga v.+

y
Pres.

[7.]

Per/",

Aor.

bhuji

bhujyu

rv.

bhujman ?

bhunkte bhunjate

etc.

V.+ [bhunjiyat

-te

etc. E.

etc.

bhuj,

'enjoy'.

v.+ (-jate

etc.

bhunjitam

s.+,

rv.),

e.)'

bhunakti bhunjanti
[1

bubhuje etc. v. + (-jmahe -jrire bv.), bubhujus

1. bhojam, bhojate rv. [bhujyat; abhoji.]
[3.

abiibhujat, -jata.

siya

?]

bhunjati

e.

u.+,

etc.

2.

abhauksit, abhukta.

4.

v.b.

rv.

bhujema

rv.

6v bhuksi-

B.s.

bhoksyate etc. s. +, -ti etc. e. + 2. bhokta r.

bhoktumE. + bhuktvas. +, bhunktvac. bhojase
Fer&. bhukta e. +
BV. bhiijam bhuje rv.
Int. bobhujiti c, -jyate
Sec. Conj.: Pass, bhujyate etc. b. +, -ti m.v
Caus. bhojayati etc. av.+,
c.
Desid. bubhuksate etc. e. +, -ti e.
-te c. bhunjapayati c
Put.

1.

Deriv.

bhuj V.+
-bhoj- RV.

bhoja V. +
bhojaka e.+
bhojin S.+
bhojya v. +

bhoga V.+
bhogin B. +
bhogya av. +
bhojana v. +
bhojaniya
bhojas V.

The word bhuaksita R^

is

b.

bhujisya av.+

bhuji RV.
-bhogi RV.

-bhujistha? av.
bubhuksa e. +

-bhogaya ev.
bhukti S.+

bubhuksu

bhoktavya

bhojayitavya e.+

bhoktr U.+

s.+

bhojayitr

c.

c.

perhaps an irregular formation from this

root.

AKD Primary Derivatives.

113

y
Pres. [6.]

'quiver'.

bhurantu -ranta -ramana

Sec. Conj.

Deriv. :

bhur,

rv.

jarbhuriti -rat -rana ev.

Int.

bhurana

bhurvani

v.

rv.

Doubtless a specialized root-form from

tives such as

[bhu?

might come from

y bhr

]/

cf.

bhurni v.
bhr all the
;

bhurij

.'

v. +

forms and deriva-

tr.

bhuraj.

The single form bhurajanta

rv'. is regarded as

coming from

bhrjj

'roast'.

bhu,

y
Pres. [1.]

bhavati

babhuva

Perf.

etc,

etc.

v.+, -te

'be'.

b.+

etc.

v.+ (babhdtlia -uvitha

v.b.

babhuyas -yat ba-

bhiitu RV.)
Aor.

1. abhut -uvan etc. v.+ (bhtiyasara -sma etc. v.+, -yama v.b.u.
2? abhuvat etc. v. (bhiivat
bodbi V.B., bhutu etc. v.); abhavi c.
etc. V.B., bhuvani rv.)
3. abiibhuvas av. [abibhavat.]
5. bhavisat? AB. [abhavista, bhavisista.]

Put.

1.

bhavisyati

dhvam
Verb,

e.)

etc.
2.

v.+, -te

bhavita

+ bhavitum

etc.

e.+ (abhavisyat

etc.

v.+,

bhavisya-

b.u.e.

bhutvav.+, -tvi rv. -bhdya v.+

bhuve -bhuve v., -bhve rv. bhusaniRv. -bhuyamB., -bhavamcB.
Conj.: Pass, bhuyate etc. e.+, -ti u.
Jnt. bobhaviti etc. v. +
e.+
Caus. bhavayati etc. av. +,
Desid. bubhiisati etc. v. +, -te etc.
-te c. (bhavitum a. bhavyate etc. e. +, bibhavayisati b.)
bhiita

v.

b.+, -tosB.
;

Sec.

Deriv.

bhu

bhiivana v.+
-bhavas b.

v.+

-bhu V. +
-bhva V.
bhiiva

B.

bhava v. +
bhava av.+
bhavaka c.
-bhavin

c.

bhavya v. +
-bhvan v.
bhavana e. +
bhavaniya c.

bhuvas

B.

bhiiti

[Per/-, etc.

bhusati

bhuti
bhavitva rv.
bhavitavya b.+
bhavitr e. +
bhavitra V.

bhuman v.s.
bhuman v. +
bhumi V. +
bhus,

v.

bhaviyas rv.
bhuyistha v. +
-bhavistha rv.

RV.

]/
Pres. [1.]

V.

bhuyas

bhtiri

V.

-bhtivari

bhusnu

v.b.

B.

bhavisnu
-bhuya av. +
bhava u.s. +
bhavaka e. +
bhavin e. +

b.+

bhavya v. +
bhavana e. +
bhavaniya e.+
bhavuka b.+
bubhiisa b.+
bubhtisaka e.
bubhiisitavya

bubhusu

s.

bhavayitavya
bhavayitr b. +
bhavajni

rv.

'attend upon, adorn'.

etc. v.bI.

bubhusa; abubhusat, abhusit;

Whitney, Supplement

II.

bhiisisyati, bhusita.]

jb.

+
b.+

bhu?]

Roots, VERB-roRMS,

See. Conj.

JDcTO.

secondary root-form, from

between two

roots

bhtis,

y
Pres. [3.]

bibharti bibhrati

bhrana
bharti

c.

V.B.,

y bhu.

The Vedic forms

etc.,

bhus,

bhr, 'bear

etc.

v.b..

bibhramana

BR.

'attend upon' etc.

bibharti

rv'.

are divided \)y

e.

etc.

ev'.+,

bharati

-te

bibhrsva

bi-

v.+

[2.]

jabhara

etc.

etc.

ev-.

babhara

Perf.

[1.]

-bhusenya uv. bhusayitavya

bhusitavya jb.

move'

'te,

+, -te etc. e.

etc. e.

bhusanaE. +

bhusa E.+
bhusya c.

bhusayati

Caua.

114

-bhre

etc.

+ (babhrima c), babhre -rana rv.

b.

etc. v.

(jabhartha -bharat ajabhartana

babhuva c.
Aor. 1. bhartam bhrtara

nv.)

bibharam

b., abhrta c.
bhriyasam -yat b. abhari
4. abhai'sit etc. v.b. (abhar v.b.
bibharas e.
abharisam
Av. bharsat b,v.}
Fat. 1. bharisyati etc. v.+ (abharisyat rv.)
2. bharta ce.
Verb, bhrta v. + bhartum v. +, -tave v., -tavai v.; -bhrtya v, + bharadhyai rt.
Int. jarbhrtas rv., bhariSec. Conj.: Pass, bhriyate etc. v. +, -ti e.
Desid. bubhursati etc. b.+ [bibharbhrati etc. rv., baribharti c.
Caus. bharayati e.
isa-.j
Deriv. : -bhra ? v. +
bhartr v. +
bhara v.+
-bhrtra ev.
-bhrtvan v.
bhratr v. +
bharin b.+
bhara v. +
av.
-bhalav av.s.
bharya
+
bhrtha v. +
bharitra ev.
bharana v. + -bharnas ev.
-bhrt v.+
-babhra b.
e.+
V.
babhri v.
bharman
rv.c.
bhrti
+
bharaniya
jar bhari rv.
bharas v.b.
bhariman rv. bhrti cb'.
bharman rv.
bhrtya gdve. b. + bambhari? b.
-bhari rv.c.
bharisa ? rv.
bhrtya n. av.
bubhiirsa s.
bharu c.
bhrtina v. +
bhrtya v.
bubhursu c.
bharata v. +
bhrtenya? av.
bhartavya v. +

V.B.

3.

'.'

bhrjj,

'roast'.

bhrjyeyus? b.
[Perf. etc. babharjja -je, babhrajja -je; ababharjjat ababhrajjat,
abhraksit abharksit, abhrasta abharsta ; bhraksyati -te, bharksyati -te, bhrasta bharsta.J
Verb, bhrsta s. + bhrstva c.
Pres. [0.]

bhrjjati

etc. v.

[-te.J

[4.]

Desid. bi[Jnt. baribhrjjya-.

bhrjjyate c, -ti e.
bhraksa- bibharksa, bibhrajjisa- bibharjjisa-. ] Caws, [bhrajjayati;] bharjjayati etc. c.
bhrastra b.
bhrastra c.
Derjv. bharjjana S.+
bhrjj ana b.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

AND Primary Derivatives.

115

'fear'

abhyasetam

Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

bhyas,

[bhraj

rv., bhyasat sv.

babhyase; abibhyasat, abhyasiata; bhyasisyati, bhyasita;

etc.

babhyas-, bibhyasisa-, bhyasaya-.J

-bhyasa av.
A derivative root-form, from y bhl (througli bhiyas?).

Deriv.

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

bhran9ate

etc.

bhran9, bhrae,

b.+, -ti avI.?

[4. J

'fall'.

bhra9yate

etc. s.+. -ti etc.

bhra9at v.b. [
3. ababhrari9at.
5. abhran9ista.J
[Fut. bhran9isyati -te, bhran9ita.]
Verb, bhrasta av. +, -bhrsta v.
[Int. babh.ra9ya-, banibhra9ya-, banibhrari9-.
Sec. Conj.
bhrafi9i3a-.
] Caus. bbran9ayati etc. e.+ (^bliran9yate
Aor.

e.+

babhran9a -a9us, babhran9e.]

2.

bhra9ayan ev.
Der ju. bhran9a B. +
bhran9ana av.+
bhrah9in b. + bhran9ath.u c
;

bhram,

-bhran9uka

b.

De^id. bietc.

s.

+);

bhra9ya

av.

'wander'.

bhramati etc, cb'. ? e. +, -te etc. e. +

[4.] bhramyati etc. e. +
Perf. babhrama babhramvis etc. e. +, bhrematus -nius c
Aor. 1. bhramyat s. abhrami e.
abibhraraat e. [
5. abhramit.]
Fut. 1. bhramisyati c. [
2. bhramita.]
Verb, bhramta e.+ bhramitum c bhram turn c. bhramitvaE., bbramtva c. -bhramya c, -bhramya c. -bhramam c.
Sec. Conj.: Int. bambhramiti e(c. c, -myate etc. c. [ Desid. bibhramCaus. bhramayati etc. e.+, -te c. (bhramyate v.+); bhramisa-.]
etc.
s.+ (bhramyate c.)
ayati
bhramaka c.
bhrami c.
Deriv. bhrma v.
bhrama v. +
bhramti c.
bhramin c.
bhrmi bv.
-bhramin c.
bhrama c.
bhramana c.
bhramana e.+
bhrmi rv.
bhrnga? av.+ bhramanlya c.
Pres. [1.]

.3.

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Aor.

bhrajate

v.+, -ti

etc. v.

babhraja -ajatus e.+ [babhraje, bhreje.jj

1. abhrat bv.
bhrajyasam av. abhraji
abibhrajat.

Fut.

etc.

bhraj, 'shine',

1.

5.

[3.

ababhrajat,

abhrajista.]

2. bhrajita.]
bhrajisyate e. [
Desid. bibhrajisa-.
babhraj-.

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

bv.

Caus.

etc. E.

8*

bhrajayati

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

bhraj]
Deriv.

bhraj

bhraj aka c.
bhraj in c.
bhraj ana c.
bhraj as v.b.s.

v.

-bhraj ?

v.

bharga

b.

bhraja

v.

116

bhrajas?

bhargas

-bhrasti rv.

av.b.
v.

bhrsti?

V.B.S.

bhrajistha is.c.
bhraj isnu e. +

bhraji ms.
bhrajis- b.e.
bhrgu? V.+

bhri, consume'.

bhrinanti rv'.
bibhraya; abhraisit; bhresyati, bhreta; bebhri-, bibhrisa-,
bhrayaya-.]

Pres. [9.]

[Per/', etc.

bhres,

'totter'.

bhresati b., -te rv.

bibhresa -se etc. etc.]
bhresa b. +

Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

etc.

Deriv.

Doubtless related with

y bhranij.

y manh, mah,
Pres. [1.]

manhate

etc. v.b.

mamahe -hana

Perf.

v.b.

'be great, be liberal, bestow'.

mahe

rv.m.,

(mamahanta

-heta -hema rv.

etc.

mamahas

rv.)

[mamaha,

mamanhe.]
[Aor.

amanhista, amahit; manhisyate mahisyati, manhita

etc.

mahita.]
Verb,

mahita

Sec. Con).

b.

Caus.

mahitva

e.

manhayam

mahe

etc.

rv.

v.b.

mahaye

mahayati

rv.

etc. v.

+, -te etc. v.b.

Deriv.

magha v.+
manhana rv.

makha? v.+
maj man? v.

manhaniya c.
manhiyas rv.
manhistha v.b.s.

mah V.+
maha n. e. +
maha v. +
maha v. +

maksu V rv.
mahksu? c.
manhayu rv.

mahana

mahman av.

c.

mahaniya e.
mahant v. +
mahas v. +
mahas v. +
mahi v. +
mahin rv.

mahya? e.
mahan v.

mahiman

mahis-

rv.

mahisa v. +
mahistha c.
mahiyas b. +

mahayya u.
mahayya rv.
mahayayya rv.

v.+

Generally divided into two (related) roots, but the forms and meanings are

not separable with distinctness.

majj,

'sink'.

majjati etc. v. +, -te etc. e.+ (majjana c.)

Per/", mamajj a E.+
3. amamajjat.
Aor. 1. majjyatcB.; amajji c. [
M.
5. majjis
Put. 1. mahksyati etc. b.+, -te b. majjisyati e. [
Pres. [1.]

2.

4.

amanksit.]

mankta.]

AND Prim AKY Derivatives.

117

magna

Verb,

u.s.

majjitum

[math

[manktum; manktva, maktva;)

e.+

-majjya av.+
8ec. Conj.

Deriv.

[Jnt.

mamankti, mamajjyate.

majjayati

Cans,

-te

etc. e. +.

majjan? v.+
majjana S.+

mane,

mimanksa- (^in dX

madgu?

c.

manktavya

Desid.

etc. e.

majjuka

mimanksu

b.+

-majra?Rv.

c.

'purify"

majjayitf

c.

>!.

(?)

mancate; mamance; amancista; mancisyate, mancita.]

Verb, -mancya ci.
Deriv.
manca? e. +
-mancana c.

[Pres.

etc.

Doubtless

artificial.

y
Assumed

for

man,

the juosi -pple

'sound'.

manita,

occurring once or twice in late

Sanskrit.

y
Sec. Conj.

Cans,

mant&yet

mant,

tbI.

Probably a false reading.

y man4,

'deck*.

mandati -te etc. etc.]

Sec. Conj.
Cans, mandayati etc. e. +, -te e.
Z>eritJ.; manda u. +
mandanas. +
manditr
[Pres. etc.

y
Pre*. [9.]

ati

mathnati
etc.

-nthus

E.

math, manth,

etc. v. +,

V.+, -te v.b.

mamatha

Perf.

-nite

mathati

etc.

c.

'shake'.

(mathnadhvam m.")

etc. b.

mamathus

av. +,

av.e.+, -te

etc. e.

[1.]

manth-

methus methireB.; mamantha

c,

amimathat, amamanthat.
amanthistam rv.

Aor. [3.

] 5.

mathit

etc. v.,

amathisata

jb.

2. mathita e.
mathisyati -te etc. b. + manthisyati b.s.
Verb, mathita v. +
mathitvim e. + -tos b. mtothitavai ms. mathitva B.+ [manthitva]; -mathya b.+, -manthya e.?; -matham c.
[Int. mamath-, mamSec. Conj.
Pass, mathyate etc. v. +, -ti etc. e. +
Desid. mimathisa-, mimanthisa-.
J Cam.
math-, mamanth-.
mathayati etc. e. manthayati etc. s. + mathayati c.
-manthani b.s.
Deriv.
-mathin e. +
math v. +
mathi ev.
manthitavyaMs.s.
v.
+
mantha
-matha E.+
-mathi v.
manthitr av.b.
mantha v.
-mathitr s.
-mathya b.

Fut.

1.

mathya b.+
mathna ev.
mathra ev.
mathan c.
mathana u. + matha b.+

manthuv c.
manthanaE.
-manthanav.+ manmathaB.+

manthaka c.
manthya b.s.

Roois, Vekb-fokms,

raadl

y mad, mand,
Pres. [1.]

madati

raamatsi

madyati

etc. v.b.s.cI.,

etc.

mandati

matsi -sva

2.

(mamadant ?

v.b.

amamandus e,v.)
Aor. 1. mandus -dana

av.b.

mamadat

etc.,

b.+, -te e.

etc.

118

'be exhilarated, exhilarate'.

-te

(mamattu

etc.

mamada

Perf.

etc.,

v.b.

etc.

amamadus)

v.

[3.]
[4.]

v.

mamanda

s.);

-te

(mamandat

b,v.

etc.

rv.
3. amimadat etc. -danta v.b.u.
4. amatsus RT. amatta etc. v.b.s. (matsati etc. matsat rv.)
5. amadisus etc. V. + [madithas m.); araandit etc. raandista etc. (mandisimahi) v.b.
[Fut. madisyati, mandisyate madita, mandita.]
Verb, matta av. +, madita (caus.'i) v. + maditos b.
mandadhyai rv.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, madyamana rv.
[/nf mamad-.
Desid. mimadisa-.
,

madayati etc. av. +, -te c. madayati -te etc.

etc. RV. (madayadhyai mandayadhyai rv.)
Deriv.
-mad v.b.
-madvara e. + -madya v.
mada v.+
madistha v.b. madana v. +
Cans,

v.

-miaditavya

m.adisnu
?

u.

madira rv.
madra? b. +

madvan

b.

matsara
matsya

v.

mandana v.b.
mandi rv.
mandara v. +

-maduka e.
medin? v.

madamada

u.

maderu? rv.
-mada v. +

madayitr

c.

mandii

m.adayitr

c.

mandra

madaka

madayitnuRv. mandisthaRv.

c.

-miadin e.+

rv.

v.

mandayati

-manda s.
mandin rv.

madin v.b.
madya v. +
madana v. +

madayisnu

rv.

mandasana

v.

mandayii
Might well enough he divided into two different though related
kindred meaning. BR. refer a few of the forms

man,

manyate

to a root 2

mad

etc. V.

Perf.

Aor.

amata

1.

RV.)

3.

mansista
1

amimanat.]
etc.

mandhvam
Fut.

amanmahi

rv.,

-sirata

kb.)

mansyate

v.

v.b.

rv.

roots,

of

'delay'.

(manamahe

etc.

[8.]

manute

amaman

rv.

mananta manana

4, amansta etc. v. + (mansate etc. v.b.;

masiya rv. mansta av.ta. -stam ta.,
,

etc. b.

v.

'think',

etc. v.+, -ti etc. v.+ (manyasai? cb.)

+ (manvate 3:p. rv.)
[3.] mamandhi -nyat
mene etc. b. + (mamnathe -ate rv.)

Pres. [4.]

v.

5. amanista.]
+ (_-syeran m.), -ti

e.

manisye v.b.

2.

manta,

manita.]

mata v.+ [manita]; mantum e. +, mantave rv., -tavai v.b., -tos

matva u.+ [manitvaj; -matya b.+, -manya e.+
Conj.: Pass, manyate c. [
Int. manman-.] Desid. mimansate
etc. AV. +, -ti etc. b.u. (amimansisthas cb.
mimansyate av.+) [mi-

Verb,

B.;

Sec.

Caus. manayati

mansa, mimanisa-.]
yate E. + mimanayisa;

in d.)

etc.

av. +,

-te

etc. e.

+ (man-

AND Primary Derivatives.

119
-mana?

Deriv.:

mana

ts.

rv.

manas

v.+

manisa

v.

-taati v.b.

mana

manyu

y mna.

v.

man

refer,

mimite mimate etc.

mimihi etc. v.(^mimet kb.)

Aor.

4.

e.

'delay'

(y

mad, mand

HIi.

y manh.

see

v. +,

"'measure'.

mimimas
mati

[2.]

e.,

mimiyat

v.+,

etc.

maava

elc.

rv..

mimatu
mimahe

mayate.]

mame mamire

etc.

[meyat;] amayi

1.

e.

perhaps with reason, the redupli-

meaning

ma,

Pres. [3.]

c. [

-mimanayisu
+ manayitr i;.+
manayitavya

Gr.).

y mah,

Perf.

e.

-manuka b.
muni? V.+

cated present forms to another root,

]/

ii.

manya e. +
manana e. +

BR. and Gr.

mimansa +
mimansaka c.
mimansya u.s. +

manman v.b.s. mananiya

manus v.b.
manana rv.
manana rv.

-manya v.+
-manyaka c.

v.

-manaka c.
manin i +

n.+

manotr uv.
mantr b. +
mantra v. +

manu v.^+
manu v.

Compare

mati V.+

mantu v.
mantavya

mfi

[3

v.+,

v.

mamau

etc.

amasi

4.

rv.c.

av.

(masatai

av.)

[masista.

amasit.]

.6.

masyati -te mata.]

Verb, mita v. +
matum b. +, mitum c. mitva v. +, mitva s. -maya
V. + -me -mai rv.
Desid.
[Int. mama-, memiya-.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, miyate etc. e.+
J
mitsati c. Caus. mapayati -te etc. v.s.+ [amimapat.]
-mitsa c.
Deric.
maya v. +
-matavya c.
ma V.+
mapaka c.
matrv. +
mayu v.
mana V.+
mas -mas v. + -mapy a c.
mana ? rv.
matr ? v. +
[Put.

miti

matra

u.

y
Pres.

[Perf.
Verb,

meya

ma,

-mitya

av. +

-mapana

e.

'exchange'.

may ante rv.

mame; amasta; masyate,

mayet
etc.

v.

>i.,

av.

mata.]

[-maya.]

miyate c. [Int. etc. as y 1 ma.]

Deriv.
-matavya c.
-maya s. +
Doubtless a specialization of ]/lmain connection

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

:

y
Pres. [3.]

Perf.

Aor.

mimati

mimaya
3'!

v.

(mimeti

ma,

sv.,

amimet

v.

(mimayat

'bellow'.

mimanti

v.b.

ev.)

with certain preposition*.

rv.

mimiyat

k.)

maj
matavai

Verb,

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Deriv.

mayu

v.

memyat

rv.

v.+

mayii?

Apparently an onomatopoetic

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

etc.

margati

-te

mamarga

e<c.

ma3nira?v.+

b.
root.

marg,

'chase'.

E.+

amargit.]

margisyati e. [
2. margita.]
Verb, margita e. + margitum e. margitva
Sec. Conj.
Caus. margayati etc. e. +
Fut.

1^

Roots, Vekb-foems,

1.

e.

Deriv.:

margaE. +

margin

margana e.+
marga 'track'.

e.

margitavya

b.

Really a denominative formation from

y mi,

'fix'.

minoti etc. v. +, minute s.

Per/", mimaya mimyiis ey. [mimye.]
[Aor. meyat; amayi; amasit, amasta; masista.]
Fut. 1. mesyant? ab. [masyati -te.
2. mata.]
Verb, mita v.b.s.u. -mitya av.?ab. [-maya.]
Pass, miyate etc. v. [
Sec. Conj.
memi- mitsati -te mapayati.]
Denv.; maya? e. +
-meka?v.B.
metr rv.
mit v.
-may ana b.
miti v.
Pres. [5.]

Doubtless a form of

}/

ma,

with which

agrees also in

it

meaning

in

later Sanskrit.

mi, 'damage',

y miks

see ]/

ml.

(mi9), 'mix'.

mimiksva rv.
[1.] mfmiksati etc. v.b.s.
etc.
-sire ev.
mimiksathus
-se
Perf.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. meksayati b.s.
-miksa v.b.s.
-miqla v.b.
Deriv. mi9ra v. +
Pres. [3.]

meksana
mimiksu

Seems

a desiderative formation to a simpler ]/

marians (and Gr.)

y
Perf.

methati

mimetha

mith,

etc. v.b.s.,

see

referred

hy the gram-

mih.

'alternate, altercate'

methete

rv.

[6?]

mithati

rv.

rv.

mithita rv. mithitva c.

mithu v.b.
Deriv. mithati rv.
mithuna v. +
mithas v. +
Verb,

rv.

y mih.

to

y migh,
Pres. [1.]

mi^

b.s.

mithus b.
mithya b. +

-methaka
-methana

9B.
s.

AND Pbimaky Derivatives.

121

y mid, mind,

y mil,
milati

Pre*. [6.]

mimiluB

Perf.

see

[ml

y med.

'combine'.

etc. c.

c.

[Aor. amelit, amelista.]

Fut.

milisyati b.+

1.

militva c.
Cans, melayati

milita

Verb.

See. Con).

Deriv.

c.

milana

-milya

etc. c.

mela c.
melaka

c.

y
misati

Pres. [6.]

mimesa

Perf.

Aor.

3.

etc.

c.

melapaya- (m

melana

d.).

melapaka c.
melapana? c

c.

c.

mis, 'wink"

v.+, -te e.

c.

amimisat

u. [

amesit.]

5.

[mesisyati] (misyanti? e.) [

2. mesita.]
misita c. -misya c. -misas ev. -mesam e.
Deriv. -mis v. +
-mesa v. +
-mesana c.
Fut.

1.

Verb,

-memisa

misa

b.

V.+

mih,

^mingere'

mehati etc. v.+, -te etc. e.+

meghamana
mimeha.]
] 7. amiksat cb.
[3. amimihat.
1. meksyati etc. av.b.s. [
2. medha.]

Pres. [1.]

ev2.

[Perf.

Aor.
Fut.

midha

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

Int.

mehayati
Deriv.

mih

mihe
memihat

v. +

ev.

etc.

cb.

[Desid.

meha

ev.

-mihya

cb.

megha

v.+

mimiksa-,

see

miks.

Caus.

ev.c.

mehana

c.

-mehaniya

b.

-mehin

mehana

ev.

v.+

mehatnu

s.

ev.

medhra av. +
mendhra? c.
midha":

V.

midhvanavv.+
Compare

y miks.

y
Pres. [9.]

AV.)
Rv.,

minati etc. v.b., aminanta minana ev. (minat -nan ev., minit
[3.] mimitas?
minati cb. [minite.]
[5.] minoti etc. ev'.cI.
-iyat? V.B.
[4.] miyate etc. ev.b.+

mimaya

Perf.

Aor.

1.

Verb,

ev.,

etc.

mimye

[miyat;] amajdB.

amasit.]

6.

Fut.

mi, mi, 'damage'.

4.

c.

(mimaya

av.)

[mamau, mame.]

[amasta, masista;] mesta

etc.

av.b.s.

2. mata.]
mesyase pb. [masyati, -te.
mita v. + metos b.; [mitva; -miya, -maya;] -miyam -miye

bv.

Roots, Verb-forms,

ml]

Int. memyana ev. [- - Desid. mitsa-.]

miyate etc, cb.ms.
Cans, mapayati etc. e. + [amimapat.]
-matavya e.
-mayu b.
-miya b.
-mi- ? ev.
av.b.
av.
mayuka
-mapana e. +
-mayu
-mi Rv.
-mapayitr c.
-miti c.
-may a b. +

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

Pass,

y mil,
milati

Pres. [1.]

mim.ila

Perf.

Aor.

3.

122

b.+. -te

etc.

"wink".

s.

c.

amimilat

[amimilat.

c.

amilit.]

5.

[Fut. m.ilisyati, milita.]

-milya v.+
milyate c.
Caus. milayati b.+. -te e.
milaka
Deriv. -mila s. +
milita

Verb,

Conj.:

Sec.

b.

Pass,

memil-.

[Int.

Desid.

milana

-milinlAv.c.

c.

y miv,

mimilisa-.

e.

m.u, 'push'.

mivati etc. av.b.

mivita b.. -muta v.s, -mivya

Pres. [1.]
Verb,

b.

Deriv.:

-muv

mura

c'.

mue, racks,

]/

Pres. [6.]

muncati

-mavisnu"?

ev'.

etc. v. +.

-te

etc.

v.+

-mota?

ev'.

Av'.

'release'.

m.ucanti

etc.

mucasva etc.

(aor. 2?)

KV.TA.
Perf.

mumoca mumuce etc. v. + (mumoktu etc. v.b., miunocat etc. mumumucas amum.uktam. ev.)
1. amok av. (^mogdhi ta.); mucista ev.
amoei v.+ 2. araucat

mocati
Aor.

etc. V.
etc. V.

Fut.

m.oksyati -te etc. p.+

mukta av. + moktum,
;

Conj.: Pass,

momuc-.

2.
;

amatik

c),

AV.

-te

b.

-m^ucya

v.

mokam

etc. av. +, miicyase etc. v., -ti etc. u.e. +

raumuksati -te e^c. v. + moksate e^c.
etc. e.+ [moeyate c.
mum.ocayisa- c.)
;

y bhaks

b.

b.

[Int.

mucyu

moeya e.+
mocana v.+

desiderative formation

as a separate root that

amuksi

mokta.]

m.Tiktva

moks

moksa

mumucu e. +
mumuksa e.+
mumuksu v. +

GB.

-muksa

mocaniya b. +
-muca E. +
v.
moka, -ki + -m.iici b.
-mokya av.
-mucu e. +
mukti AV. +
moca E.+
moktavya e. +
raoeaka c.
-m.oein c.
moktr B.+
The

(moksis

etc. b.

Desid.

moeayati
-muc V.+
-muci

b.

4.

mueyate

Caus.

Deriv.

c.

i.

Verb,
-Sec.

amiumueat
muksiya v.b.
3.

ms.

b.

m.oksaka

+
e.

moksin e.+
moksya c.
moksana e. +
moksaniya e.

raocayitr

c.

mocayitavya

c.

mumoeayisu

e.

moksayitavya
moksayitr e.
munioksayisu

c.

e.

has nearly the same right to be treated

has.

AND Primary Derivatives.

123

mut,

motate c'.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. motayati c'.
Deriv. motaka c.
-motin

(mtl

'break'.

Pres. [1.]

motana

c.

y mud,
Pres. [1.]

modate

mumoda

Perf.

Aor.

1.

mudimahi

Put.

1.

raodisye

mudita

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

rv.

etc.

mud v.+

Deriv.:

-mudaAV. +

[3.

modita.]

ati

modisisthas

5.

av.

c.

Desid.

raodinAv.+

y
musnati

amumudat.

mumudisa-, mumodisa-.
J
'aus.
k.+ (mumodayisati 91$.)
modav. +
modanaE. +
mudra v.
raodakaE. +
modaniya u. + mudirav c.

mudaE.+

Pres. [9.]

e.+

2.

-modam

-te

'be merry'.

e.+

etc.

momud-.

[Int.

modayati

etc.

mumude

e. [

e.

v.+, -ti

etc.

v.+,

c.

etc. v.

-niudvinv

mus,

(musana

c.

'steal'.

c.)

[1.]

mosatha

rvI.

[6.]

mus-

etc. E.

Perf.

mumosa

Aor.

1.

\Fut.

mosisyati, mosita.]

amosi

c.
c.

amumusat.

[3.

mosis amosisus

] 5.

v.u.

musta c. musitva 0. -musya v. + muse kv.

Sec. Conj.: Pass, musyate etc. c. -yant e. [ Int. momus-. Desid. muCaus. [mosaya- ;] musayant ? c.
musisa-.]
-mosm B. +
musti V. +
Deriv.
musaka c.
-raus v. +
mosya c.
mosa
-musi B.
mus Rv.
mosana s.c.
e.
rv.
-mosaka
e.
musivan
+
rausa
Verb,

musita

v.+,

'?

13.

muh,

]
<

Pres. [4.]

Perf.

Aor.
Fut.

mumoha
amuhat

1.

mohisyati

mugdha
Conj.:

etc.

v.+, -te

etc. b. +,

2.

Verb,
Sec.

miihyati

etc. b.

b.

[moksyati.

Int.

etc.

av.b.

mohita, mogdha, modha.]

i;.

'

-muh

AV.B.

miihu

v.b.

muhus

2.

mudha av.s.u. + muhe rv. -moham

momuhat s. momuhyate v. [Desid. mumohisa-,

v.+,

e.

amumuhat

3.

mumuhisa-, mumuksa-.
(mohyate c.)
Deriv.

u.+

etc.

mumuhe

'be crazed'.

V.+

Caus.

mudha? e.+
mogha v.b.
m6haAV.+

y mu,

mohayati

etc.v.

-te

e.+

etc.

-J

see

-mohaka e.
mohinE.+

mohuka h.
momugha n.

mohana

mohayitr

e.+

e.

y miv.
V'

OF THF

'^

UNIVERSITY J

Roots, Vebb-forms,

murch]

y
murchati

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

mumurcha

[Aor.

etc.

murchita

Verb,

mura?

Derjv.;

e.

e.+,

murchisyati, murchita.]
murta b.+ [murtva.]

murchayati

Caus.

1^

'thicken'

ay. +

etc.

amtirchit

Sec. Conj.

murch, mur,

124

-te

b. +,

e.

murkhaB.+

v.B.

inurchaE.+

murchana

b.+

mr-

murti B.+

y
maranti

Pres. [1.]

etc.

marate

mamara mamrus

Perf.

Aor.

amrta

1.

etc. T.B.s.

etc.

mp,

'die'.

etc.

rv.

(mara

mamre

v.+,

muriya

v.

c'.)

etc. c.

amimarat

3.

etc.

B.C.

4.

sista.]
J

Fut.

marisyati

1.

mrta

Verb,

v.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

etc.

av.+, -te

martum

e. +,

mriyate

etc.

mr-, memriya-.]
etc.

AV.+, -te

E.

e.

marta.]

2.

-tave avp.
v.+, -ti

mrtva

e.+

etc.

mumursati

Desid.

(maryate

etc. e.

b.

Int.

etc.

s.+

mimarajdsa-

-maram

e.

marimarti c. [marCaus. marayati

in d.)

Deriv.

marayu

mara v. +
maraka c.
marana b.+
maru? b.+

marta, -tya
mrti c.

The following

mrnihi

miirna

mur

etc. v.

3.

[6.]

to

ry.

muryate cb.
mura?

mrksa ry.
mimrksus ry.

Sec, Conj.: Caus.

:

ay.

murmur a? b.+
mumursa e.+
m.umursu b.+
mimarayisu c.

b.+

this.

'crush'.

5.

amarit.]

-miaritr rv.

e.+

-mrna

Ev.

mallmluv

b.

y.b.

be separated from the preceding.

Pres. [6.]

Deriv.

-mamri

b.s.

etc. v.b.

ay.

y mrks,
Perf.

same with

mrnati

amimrnan

b.

marana

mr, mrn,

-muri
Hardly

marin

maruka

ay.b.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.:

root is doubtless the

Perf. mumurat? ey.

Aor. 1. mrnyus k.
Verb,

v.

martavya e. +
mrtyu v. +

-m.ura? a v.

Pres. [9.]

marman? v.+
mara v.+
maraka c.

v.b.

mrksa

[1.]

'stroke'.

mraksanti

c.

mraksaya- c, mrksayati e.
-mraksa
mrksin rv.

ry.

Doubtless a secondary root-form from

m.rj.

ev.

mraksana

c.

AND Primary Derivatives.

125

mrc,

]/

[niy^

'injure'.

mreyati? jb.
mrksista by.

Pres. [4.]

Aor.

4.

mrkta

Verb,

mfc

Deriv.:

rv.

Caus.

Sec. Conj.:

marcayati

etc. v.b.s.

marka

Rv.

y
mrchante

Pres.

Very

marka

rv.

mrch,

mrcaya

b.s.

ab.

'perish'.

u.

likely a false reading; if not, a secondary root-from

y mrj,

\/ 1

mr.

'wipe'.

marsti mrjanti [marjanti] etc. v.+ mrste mrjate etc. v.+

s.)
[7.] mrnjata (3p.) rv., mrnajani gb., mrnjyat cb.
[1.] marjati -te etc. e.+
[6.] mrjati -te etc. av'.s.c.
Perf. mamarja mamrjus etc. v. + (mamarjusE., mamrjus rv.), mamrje
Av. (^mamrje -jita rv.)
Aor. [1. ainarji.
] '6. amimrjanta b. [amamarjat.] 4. amarksit etc.
7. amrksat etc. v.-b.s., amrksata etc. rv.e.
B.
5. amarjit etc. b.
Pres. [2.]

mraksyate

1.

Fut.

(marjita

b.

marksyate

b.s.

[marjisyati.]

2.

mrasta

jb.

[marsta, raarjita.]
marstum c, marstum
Verb, mrsta v.+, mrjita c, marjita (caus.'i) s. +
c, marjitum e. + mrstva av., marjitva b. -mrjya av. +, -marjya
-mrj as b.
c.
Int. marmrjma -janta etc. rv.,
Sec. Covj.: Pass, mrjyate etc. v. +
Desid. mi-jyate etc. v.b.s. (^marmrjana rv.), marlmrjyate b. [
v.
etc.
marjayati
-te
Caus.
marjayati
-te
marjisa-, mimrksa-.]
;

B.+ (marjyate c).

etc.

Deriv.

-rarja

marjara e.+
marjalya rv.
mfstiB.+
marsti c.

-marjakaE.+

c.

marjana

mrjaE.+
marjya RV.
-margaAv. +
Compare

v.+

-marjaniya

-marguka

k.

b.

rv.

'be gracious'.

mrdati etc. v.b.s., -ase b. [ 9. mrdnati.J

[mamarda] (mamrdyus rv.)
etc. amimrdat amamardat, amardit; mardisyati, mardita.]

Pres. [6.]

[Aor.

marmrjenya

y mrks.

y mrd,
Perf.

marstavya c.
-mrgra rv.
-mrgvan av.

Sec. Conj.:
etc.

Deriv.

[Int.

marimrd-.

v.b.c, -te
*

Caus.

mrdayati

c.

mrda b. +
mrdana c,

DesW. mimardisa-.

mrdika

v.

marditr rv.
mrditr av.

-mrdaya

b.

mrdayaku

rv.

mrn;

Roots, Veeb-forms,

mrn,

see

y mrd, mrad,
mrdnati

Pres. [9.]

mrada

s.

mrdyasam

1.

'rub, crush'.

mrdnita

s.

mardati

[1.]

b.s.

(mamardus m.), mamrde

amimrdat e. [amamardat.
+

e.

3.

-te

etc.

e.

e.

mradisyati mardisyate jb.

Verb, mrdita av.
marditum e. +, -tosB.
-mrade b. -mardam. c.

Fut.

mr.

-date us.

manaarda mamrdus

Perf.

Aor.

nv.,

etc.

126

amardit.j

5.

mrditva

t,

-mfdya

b.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

mimardisati

Desid.
c.

mrdyate

raimardayisa-

e.

in d.)

b.+

etc.

Int.

marmarttu

mardayati
mradayati ts.
Caws,

etc.

rv.

[marimrd-.]

e.+, -te e.

(mardyate

Deriv.

mrd

mardinE.+
mardanaB.+
mardaniya c.
-mradas v.b.s.

V.+

-mrda

s.

marda e.
mardaka

-t-

c.

mrttikaB.+
marditavya
-marditr

Pres. [I.]

Aor.

1.

mardhati

rardhyas

etc.

rv.

ev.
2.

[6.]

b.

e.

'neglect'.

mrdhati

mrdhas

av.+

mrtsna b.+
mimardisu e.
mimardayisu

e.

e.

mradiyas

y mrdh,

mrdu

s.

5.

rv.s.,

-asva

mardhis

s.

etc.

rv.b.

(mardhi-

sat RV.)

mrddha ms.
Deny. mrdh v.B.
Verb,

mrdhav.+

mr9,

mrdhas rv.
mardhuka jb.

mrdhra

rv.

'touch, feel'.

mrQati etc. v.+, -te etc. v.

Perf. mamarcja mamrdus e. + (mamrqus rv.), mamr9e b.+
7. amrksat etc. v.e.
Aor. 4. [amarksit amraksit] mrksista? rv.
[Fut. marksyati mraksyati, marsta mrasta.]
Verb, mrsta v.+, mr9ita c.
marstum e. + -mf^ya v. + -mf^ev.B.;
Pres. [6.]

-mar9am

Int. marmr^at etc.

mrdyate etc. e.h
mar9ayati etc. b.+
-mr9aB.+
mar9aB.+
-mar9inTJ.+
-m.r9yaB.+
mar9ana v.+
-mar9aka e.

Sec, Covj.: Pass,

B.

Deriv.:

Pres. [4.]

v.b.,

m.arimr9ya-

Caus.

y
Perf.

b.s.

mrsyate

mamarsa

etc.

rv.e.,

mrs,

v.+, -ti

etc.

mamrse

e.

'not heed'.
e.+

1.

marsati

-te.]

inarimr9a

av.

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

127
Aor.

1.

mrsthas

rv.

mimrsas

amrsan

2.

mrsat

m..

[mrit

(-sant? c), -santa nv.

s.

[amamarsat.]
5. [amarsit,] marsisthas rv.
[Fut. raarsisyati -te, marsita.
Verb, [nirsita; mrsitva, niarsitva;] -mrsya k. -mrse rv.
Int. mararsat s.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, mrsyate e.
Caws, marsayati
3.

v.

E. +,

Derjy.;

-te

etc.

mrsa

V.

-mrsya

etc.

E.+

-inarsav.+

marsanar,. +

rv.

marsin

e.

marsaniya

y med

[mid], 'be

-marsi

e.

e.+

fat'.

medyati etc. v.b. [6.] medatam rv.

mimeda, mimide; amidat, amedista; medisyati-te, medita;
[Perf.
rainna, miditva meditva.]
[Pass, midyate.
Sec. Conj.
] Caus. [mindayati ;] medayati etc. v. +
medinv. +
Deriu. medana RT.
medasv. +
meduraR.+
Pres. [4.]

etc.

medya

c.

y moks,

mna,

manati etc. s.+, -te s.

[Per/", mamnau.]
Aor. [1. mnayat, mneyat.
]
Pres. [1.]

[Fut.

mnasyati, mnata.]

Verb,

mnata

Sec. Conj.

Caus.

Dew..-

s.

(3.

ranayus

amnasisus

ci.

c.

Pass,

mnayate

c.

vpith prefix

mamna-.

Int.

mnapaya-, amimnapat.]
S.+
-mnatavya

c.

a:

mana-

myaks,

more properly belong.

'be situated'

myaksa ev.
Perf. mimyaksa mimiksus -ksire
Aor. 1. amyak rv.-, amyaksi rv.
]/

y
Verb,

mrityet -yeyU3
-mletya s.

Deriv.

-mretuka

mrad,

('?).

mrit, mlit,
ob.

pb.

Perhaps related with

rv.

see

y mrd.

mimnasa-.

-mnaya s.+
from y man

[L]

Pres. [4?]

Desid.

a secondary root-form

indeed, the forms from stem

Pres.

'note'.

[2.]

-mnana

Only

y muc.

see

y mrd.
'dissolve'.

to

which,

mruc

Roots, Verb-forms,

y mruc, mluc, mlup,

mrocati

Pres. [1.]

mumloca

Perf.

Aor.

etc.

av.b.

mlocati

etc. b.

128

'set'.

cb.u.

amrueat

amrocit, amlocit.]
mrocisyati, mrocita; ralocisyati, mlocita.]

2.

[Fut.

jb. [

5.

mlukta bv., mlupta b.s. -mrueas

malimlucaraahe s.
Sec. Conj.
-mrukti b.
-mrocana c.
Deriv.: -raruc v.b.

mrukta

Verb,

b.+,

mroka

av.

-raloea

e.

-mlocana
-mloci

y
Pres. [1.]

Cans,

-mreda

mredayati

[1.

Fut.

1.

etc. e.

etc.

etc. e.

b.+, -te

+ (mrelayati

s.)

etc.

'relax'.

e.+

[2.]

mlanti

] 6'?

mlasis
u. [

Pres. [1.]

Cans,

mleehati

etc.

e.

e.

2.

ralata.]

mlapayati av. + mlapayati c.

-mlapana
-mlayin c.
-mlani c.
:

y
[Perf.

(?)

mlayat, mleyat.

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

'gratify'

mla,

amlasyatam b., -yetam

xalata rv., mlana b.+

Verb,

malimluca av.+
malimluc s.

c.

mlayati

mamlau

Perf.

Aor.

c.

c.

mred,

y
Pres. [4.]

-mlukti

c.

mrederan vK

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

ev.

Int.

etc.

mluc,

see

mruc.

mlup,

see

mruc.

c.

mlapin

c.

mlech., 'speak barbarously'.

b.+

mimlecha; amlechit; mlechisyati

mleehita; mlechita,

mlista.]
Deriv.

inlechaB.+

yaks, 'press

on'

(?)

yaksati etc. bv^.b,*., -te evI.

-yakse ev'^.
yaksu ev.
yaksya ev.
Deriv. : yaksa v. +
yaksin bv.
The character of the root and the connection of its

Pres. [1.]
Verb,

doubtful.

yach,

see

yam.

yaksma v. +
yaksman e. +
derivatives are very

++

AND Primary Dekivativbs.

129

y
yajati -te

Pres. [1.]

etc.

yaj,

v.+

'oflFer'.

yaksi

[2.]

[yabh

yaksva

v.u.s.,

ev.

yajase

(Is.) RV'.

iyaja

Perf.

etc. e. +,

ije

yeje av.?

etc. v. +,

[J. ijyat.
4. ayaksit etc. v.u.s. (ayas rv.,
] 3. ayiyajat etc. b.
ayat v.B.s. yaksat v.b.s. yaksatas -satam rv.), ayasta etc. v.b.s.
(yaksate etc. v.b. yaksiya ms.)
7. ayaksata (Ss.) ags.
2. yasta b.
Fut. 1. yaksyati etc. b.+, -ate etc. v. +
Verft. ista V. +
yastum b.+, -tave v.b., ijitum m. istva av. + [-ijya;]
yajadhyai v., yajadhyai ts. -yajam av.
Pass, ijyate etc. e. +, -yant e.
Sec. Conj.
Int. yayaj- (in d.).
Desid.
3dyaksati -te e. lyaksati etc. v., -te etc. v.b.
Cans, yajayati etc.

Aor.

.-

B. +,

Deriv.

-te

E.

yajas

-ij v.

yaj

V.

yajna
yajyu

rv.

-yaji rv.

yaj us

-yajm b.+

v.

v.

yajya b.+
yajya b. +

yaja B.
yaj a s.
yajinB.+

yajata

isti V. +

yaj van v.+

yajaniya

-yajya rv.

yajati

-yajvika

-yajya

yastavya

yajvin e.+
yajisnu e.
-yaga e. +
-yaja v.+

yajayitavyaB.
yajayitr c.

ijya

v.b.s.

yajana av.+
to

yajiyas v.
yajistha v.

v.

s.

b.

yastr v. +
yajatra v.b.
yajatha v.

c.

ijya S.+

Appears

V.

be related "with roots

yajaka

yam

and

e.+

yach

yaj ana s.+

c.

b.

yayaj uka b.+

yiyaksu e.+

and yat, and

to

niean

originally 'reach out, extend'.

yat, 'stretch'.

yatate etc. v. +, -ti etc. v.

yete etc. v.b.u.
] 5. ayatista b.
Aor. 1. yatana, yatana rv.
[3. ayiyatat.
Fut.
yatisyate etc. e. +, -ti etc. e. +
-yatya b.
Verb, yatta v.+, yatita e. yatitum b.
Desid. jriyatisa-.
[Int. yayat-.
Pass, yatyate c.
Sec. Conj.
yatayati -te etc. v.+ (yatyate etc. b.+)
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Caus.

Deriv. :

+
-yatana av.+
yataniya c.

yatti MS.

yati V.+

yatna

-yat

V.

-yattavya
yatitavya e.+
e.

e.

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf. etc.

yabhati

etc.

yayabha

Whitney,

yabh,

av.b.

STipplement

II.

yatana

ayapsit.]

-yataka e. +
-yatya s. +

'futuere,

e.

yatiina rv.

yayati

'?

v.

yabh]
Fut.

1.

Roots, Verb-forms,
yapsyati

yabdhum

Verb,

130

etc. b.s.

yabhitum

c.

yiyapsate

Sec. Conj.: Desid.

-yabhya

Deriv.:

c.

etc. s.

yabha

av.

c.

y yam, yach,

'reach'.

yachati -te etc. y.+

yaraati -te etc. e. h
[2.] yamsi rv.
yamiti? jb.
Perf. yayama yemiis etc. v.b. (yayamtha rv.
yamatus -mus rv.\
Prei. [1.]

yeme etc. v. +
Aor. 1. ayamus etc. rv. (yamati yamat etc. v., yamate etc. v.; yamyas
3s. yamimahi rv. yamdhi etc. rv.
ayami v.b. [3. ayiyamat.
4. ayamsam etc. v.b. (ayan rv.
yamsat etc. v.b.s. yamsatas rv.),
)

ayamsta

etc. v.b. (ayamsi ab.. yamsate rv.)

5. yamista [3s.) rv.
ayamsisam.J
Fut. 1. yamsyati b.. yamisyati c. [
2. yamta.]
Verb, yata v. +
yamtum b.+ -tave rv. yamitum c. yamitavai rv.
yatva s., yamitva c. -yatya av.b.. -yamya s. + -yamam v.b.
Desid. yiyamInt. yanyamiti rv.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, yamyate etc. v.+
Caus. yamayati etc. v.e. +; yamayati etc. b.+. -te e.
sati B.
Dcrjy..- yama V.+
yamuna v.+
-yamin B.Hyati v.+
-yamiyas rv.
-yaraana c.
yama.'v. +
-yamtu RV.
-yamsenya rv.
yamtavya b. + yamistha rv.
-yamaka c.
yamasana rv. -yachana e.
yamtur rv.
yamin b. +
[

6.

-yamya

yamana b. +
y yaj and

Compare

Pres. [4.]

yasyati

etc.

yama v.+
yamaka b. +

yamtrv. +
yamtra v. +

E.+

j/

yat.

yas, yes, 'be heated'.

av.

-h

yayastu

[3.]

rv.

yastiv b.+

yesati

etc.

v.b.

yasayati

etc.

e.+

[1.]

[yasati.]
[Perf.

Aor.

yayasa.]

2.

ayasat

c. [

3.

ayiyasat.

5.

ayasit.]

[Fut. yasisyati, yasita.]

Verb,
-Sec.

yasta

v.+,

yasita

Conj.: [Int. yayas-.

(yasyate
yas v.b.s.

[-te.]

Deriv.:

-yasa

b.

b.c.

[yasitva, yastva.j

Desid. yiyasisa-.
-yasaka c
-yasin

Caws,

-yasya v. +
-yasana c.

c.

y
Such

e.)

yaska?B.+

yah.

a root, of questionable meaning, is assumable for the derivatives

yahii rv.

yahva

v.

yabvant

rv.

AND Primary Derivatives.

131

Pres. [2.]

yati

Perf.

yayaii

Aor.

4.

ya,

'go".

(ayus i!.+ [ayan] yamaki

\.+ (yayatha v.), yaye v.

etc.

etc.

ayasam

v.+

etc. v.

(yasat

v.b.

(yasisat rv.; yasisisthas

yu

yesam

= yami kb.),

nv.)

6.

yamahe

ayasisam

etc.

r.K

v.+

v.b.)

Fat.
Verb.

yasyati etc. av.+. -te etc. e. +

2. yata e.+
yata v. + yatum e. + yatave v.. -vai h.
V.B.;

-yayam

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

yasati
Deriv.

-yai

-ya

etc.

V.B.

yatva

n.s.

-yaya

n.

+;

s.

iyayate? yaya

e.+
Caws, yapayati
+ [ayiyapat.]
yayate

e.

Int.

v..

etc. b.

(in d.).

Desid. yi-

Roots, Verb-Forms,

yu]

yuta

Verl.

v.

-yuya

yuyate.

Sec. Conj.: [Pass,

-yutya

v.+,

yuyusati
.yuB.+
-yava RV.

rv.
yoyuve
yoyavat
Caus. yavayati, yiyavayisati.]

rv. [yiyavisa-.

yuti

Dcriv.

yavana

yotra

yuna

v.B.

y ynj

Compare

and

yu

]/

+
yrivan
yavisthav. +

yosana e<c.?
-y ava e. +
-yavana c.

yaviyas

yavayitr

from the

and derivatives of

fixes, the forms

y6s:'v.+

s.

? v.

e.

Desid*

etc.

y6ni?v.+

v. +

yut]ia?v. +

-yiivana S.+

-yut

av..

c.

-yuti?

av.

s.

Int.

132

s.

latter,

v.

c.

in combination with pre-

this root are not always separable

with cer-

tainty.

2 yu,

yuch,

'separate'.

yuyoti etc. v.b., yuyudhvam etc. v.b.

[6.] ayuvanta etc. v.b.s.
v.
etc.
yuchati
[1.]
Aor. 1. yuyat B., ytiyatam (3d.) b. (sruyas 3s. v.), yavanta rv. ayavi
4. ayausit etc. v.b. (yaus rv., yosati etc. v.,
3. yuyot rv.
B.
5. yavis rv.
yosat RV. yosam etc. b.s., yQsam. av.), yosthas b.s.
Verb, yuta rv. yotave -tavai -tos rv. -yavam av.b.
Caus. yavayati etc. v.
Int. yoyuvat etc. v.b. (yoyava ms.)
Sec. Conj.
Pres. [3.]

yavayati
Deriv.

yava

etc. v.b.

-yavana
-yut

-yotr rv.

ms.

v.b.

Compare

|/

ya.

yuj,

y
Pres. [".]

yunakti ytinkte

yvinjati -te

yuksva

u.e.+

etc.

v.+ (yunaiiksi? c, yunjiyat r.)

etc.

'join'.

[2.]

3mje

v.,

yujmahe yujata

[6?]

(3p.) rv,,

v.

yuyoja yuyuje

Perf.

-yavana av.
yuyuvi rv.

-yutvan rv.
-yavan av.

-yuti rv.c.

av.c.

etc.

(yuyujma

v.+

niniyoja

-jre v.;

ae.

yuyo-

jate RV.)
Aor.

ayuji etc. v.b. (yojate yujana rv.), (yojam yoja yujyatam etc.
o. ayiiynjat
2.? yujanta rv., ayujat -janta c.
Kv.); ayoji v.c.
v.+
etc.
[ayauksit]
aynksi
s.
(ayunk4,
ayoksit
etc. E.+
1.

smahi
Fut.

1.

Verl.

yoksyati

yukta

yuje

c.)

v.

etc.
;

b.+, -te

yoktum

etc.

b.

av.+

yokta

2.

3ruktva

v.

RV.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

3ru3ruksati
etc. c.)

yujyate
e<c. e.

etc.

v.

Caus.

-ti etc. e.+

yojayati

etc.

b.

-tvaya

e.

[Int.

v.b.;

-yujya

yoyuj-.

-te

etc. e.

e.

Desid.

+ (yojyate

AND Primary Derivatives.

133

yoga V. +
yogya av. +
yogya rv.

yuj V.+
-yuja v.s.

Beriv

yujya

y.b.

yuga
yugya

V.

e.

-yunga b.
yunjaka e.+

yojitr

V yudh,
.Pres. [4.]

Aor.

etc. v.

etc. ii.+

2.

yuddha v. + yoddhum e.
JE., yudhe rv.
yudhaye rv.

Verb,

Conj.: Pass,

yudhyate

yuyutsati
(yodhyate e.)

Desid.

yudh

yudhi-

-te

c.

etc.

rv.

yudhenya

v.

yodhati

[1.]

rv.

yodhin e.+
yodhya v.+

yuyopa yuyopima v.
ayupat. ] 3. ayuyupan

[Fut.

yopisyati, yopita.]

Verb,

yupita

etc.

5.

c.

s.c.

av.pb.

ayodhit

-yudhya

yodhayati

e.

Int.

y
I

yes,

etc. v.

etc. b.

see ]/

Perf.

ranhate etc. rv., -ti rv.

rarahana rv.b. [raranha.]

[Aor.

etc.

c'.

yas.

'hasten'.

Pres, [i.]

araranhat, aranhit rahhisyati, ranhita.]

ranhita s.
;

-te

yuyutsu

yoyupana

(in d.l

-yutsav

Caus. yopayati

v.

yudham

yoddhr

etc. e.

yuyudhi rv.
yuyudhi rv.
yaviyudh ev.
yuyutaa e.

'obstruct'.

ranh,

yodhlyas rv.
yoddhavyaE.+
v.

m.

etr.

yuyudhas

av.b.s.

yoyupyate etc. b.s.

yupa V.+
-yopana v.

Sec. Conj.:

Verb,

3.

c.

yodhana e. +
yodhanlya c.
yodhuka jb.

rv.

[2.

Caus.

yodha v.+
yodhaka e.

y yup,

I>eriw..

yojayitf

yupyati.]

[Pres. 4.

Perf.

yojayitavya

[yoyudh-] yaviyudh-

Int.

rv.

yiidhvan

v.+
AV.

-yudhya

yoddha e.
-y uddhvi

v.+

yudhma

v.

-yudha

Aor.

\.+

Beriv.

c.

c.

yuyodha jruyudhe etc. \.+

1. yodhi, yodhat, yodhana rv., yudhana?
4. yotsis E., ayuddha v.,
yutsmahi av.

(yodhisat rv.)
Ful. 1. yotsyati -te

Sec.

v.ii.s.

'fight:,.

-ti etc.

-yugvan

yuyuksu

yotsi Ev.

[2.]

Perf.

yudhyate

yugma s.+
yugman u.

yojana v.+
yojaniya c.
yukti V.+
yoktavya n.
yoktr B.+
yoktra v.+

yogin s. +
yojaka e.+
yojya e.+

iranh

etc. v.b.s.

c.

e.

Roots, Verb-forms,

raixh]

ranhayati -te etc.

ranghas c.
-ranha e.
rahas? c.
ranhya Kv.
ranhi v.b.
ranhas V.+

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

Compare

}/

raks,

raksati -te etc. v.+

etc. v. + (raraksana

Pres. [1.]

Aor.

raraksa
[1.

rhant?

raksyat.

3.

'protect'.

ev.)

araraksat.

4.

araksit

araksit etc. b.s. (arat? ms.)

Fut. 1. araksisyas m., raksye? ii'.
2. raksita
Verb, raksita v. + raksitum e. + -raksya c.
RV.)?

raksyate etc. v.+

etc. E.
Caus. raksayati etc. c,
Dcriv.
raksa B. +
raksya e.+

[Int.

raksanav.+
raksana c.
raksaniya e. +

raksaE.H-

raksaka

c.

raksin

Av'. is too

raksas -demon'

weak evidence on which

rangant

Doubtless

1.

Fut.

1.

araci

Deriv.

e.

racisyati

Desid. riraksisati

v.

riraksa c.
riraksu c.
riraksisa c.
riraksisu e. +

accept &

raks

But raksis

'harm'.

'rock'.

c'.

3.

rac, 'produce'.

ariracat

c.

c. ?

Caus.

y
Pres. [4.]

raksas v.+
raksas v.b.
-raksi vs.
raksitavya e.+

racayati etc. e. + (^racyate c.)

-ranca c.
-ranei
racana e. +
-racana c
-rancya c.

Sec. Covj.

rajyati -te

etc.

raj, 'direct', see

c.

racayitr

c.

yj.

2 raj, ranj, 'color'.

av1.e.+

[1.]

ranjati

etc. ?

e.+ [rajati -te.]

arirajat araraujat, arauksit

raranja raranje; rajyat;

araukta, raflksista ranksyati -te, rankta.]
Verb, rakta b. + [raktva, ranktva ;] -rajya c.
[Desid. riranksa-.
Sec. Conj.
Pass, rajyate c.
Int. rarajiti v.
Caus. rajayati av. ranjayati etc. e.+, -te e.

[Perf.

etc.

artificial.

y
Aor.

to

to tliis root is questionable.

rang,

]/

Pres. [1.]

+ (raksisat

e.c.

raraks-.

raksitr
relation of

av.

-te b.

s.

etc.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

The

raghiyas b.
laghiyas av.+
laghistha jb.

ev.

raghuY.+
laghuAv.+

rah.

]/

Perf.

rv.

Caus.

134

etc.

AND Primary Derivatives.

135
Deriv; ranga E.+

ranjaka

ranjanaE. +
ranjaniya c.
rajanaAv.+

E.4-

-ranjya

c.

rajakaE.+

raj

y
Only in (ni-) -ranehana

ranch,
c.

ratati

etc.

ranva

ran vita

ranv,

'delight'.

etc. ts.

rv.

ran, apparently through ranva.

\/

radati

-te av,

etc. v.b.,

'dig'.

[2.]

rarada

[Aor.

aradit radisyati, radita.]

radita av.b.

ratsi rv.

rv. [redus.]

etc.

y lanch.

c.

Perf.

Deriv.

mark'.

compare

y rad,

Verb,

vs.

rat, 'howl'.

secondary formation from

Pres. [1.]

rajayitp

e.+

-rati

c.

y
Verb,

-ragin b.+

ariratat, aratit ; ratisyati, ratita.]

raratiti

ratana

Pres. [1.]

rajiVav.

rajatav.+

c.

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Deriv.

raga t.+

etc. c.

rarata retus

ratita

Verb,

v v.

rakti

e.

ran

to the later language.

I
Pres. [1.]

raj as

am e.

The forms with nasal belong

[Perf. etc.

rajaniya

[I

rada

radana

rv.c.

c.

radh, randh,

'be or

make

subject'.

radhyati etc. av.b.

[2.] randdhi rv'.
[rarandha rarandhima redhma] raradhiis rv.
Aor. 2. radham etc. v.
3. riradhas etc. rv. (^riradha
randhat.] ' 5. randhis rv.
[Put. radhisyati, ratsyati radhita, raddha.
Pres. [4.]

Perf.

Is.

rv.) [ara-

Verb,

raddha

rv.

[radhitum.J

[Desid. riradhisa-, riratraranddhiv rv. [raradh-.]

] Caus. randhayati etc. v. +
sa-.
radhrav rv.
randhra bv. +
Deriu. randhana RV.C.
randdhi rv.
Sec. Conj.: Int.

'^

]/
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Aor.

ranati

rarana
[3.

rv.

etc.

rv.,

ran, 'take pleasure'.

-anta rv.

(raranas

etc.

ariranat, araranat.

[4.]

ranyati

ranyathas
araranus rv.b.j

etc.

rv.

raran rarandhi etc.

] 5. aranisus hv. (ranistana

rv.)

rv'.)

Roots, Verb-forms,

ran]

136

[Ful. ranisyati, ranita.]

ranran-.

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

Desid. riranisa-.

Cans,

ranayati

etc. v.,

-anta ev. [ranayati.]

Deriv.:

ranya
ranya

ran ev.
rana v. +

Compare

ranati
ranita c.

Pres. [1.]

-ranana

A late

ranva v.
ran van rv.

v.

ranayati

c.

c.

and probably

artificial formation.

rapati etc. v.b.

rarapiti

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Deriv.

rantya

2 ran, 'ring'.

y
Pres. [1.]

av.

ranitr rv.

v.

etc. c.

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

Deriv.

ranti?

ram.

]/

y
Verb,

v.

etc. v.

-rapin av.

-rap rv.
variant of

rap, 'chatter'.

lap, which compare.

y
rap9ate etc.
rarap9e rv.
Deriv. -rapQa rv.
Pres. [1.]

v.,

rape, 'be

rapqant-

full'.

rv.

Per/".

-rap9in

v.b.

y
Perhaps

raph.

be seen in raphita rv'. 'miserable' (?)

to

rabh, rambh, 'take

compare

riph.

hold".

rabhate etc. v.+, -ti etc. s. + rambhati -te e.+

Perf. rebhe etc. v.+ (rarabhe rv.), rarabhma rv.
['6. ararambhat.
] 4. arabdha rv.
Aor. 1. arambhi c.
2. rabdha.J
Fut. 1. rapsyate etc. e.+, -ti e. [
-rabhya v. + -rabham ev., -rabhe v.b.
Verb, rabdha v. + rabdhum e.
[Int. rarabh-, rarambh-.
Pass, rabhyate etc. e. +
] Desid.
Sec. Conj.
Pre. [1.]

ripsate

etc. b.c.

Caus. rambhayati

etc.

b.+, -te e.

Deriv.

rabha

rabliiv.+

E.

-rabhya b.+
rabhas V.+

rabhasana

RV.

-rabhin
-rabdhi

c.

-rabdhavya
rabdhir

Compare

v.s.

y labh,

c.

-which is the

e.

rabhistha v.b.
rabhiyas b.s.
rabhyas rv.

rambhin v.+
-rambhana v.
-rambhaniya

rambhav. +
rambhaka c.

-ripsu

same in another phonetic form.

c.

b.s.

AND Primary Deeitatives.

137

y ram,

make

'be or

content".

ramate -ti eic. v.+ [9.] ramnati

rarama remus etc. e. +. reme etc. u. +

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

ariramat

ranti? sv.
[ramsisthas.]

3.

V.
1.

ramsyate

b.+, -ti b.

Aor.

1.

Fut.

rata

Verb,

b.

-ramya

etc.

-ramam

rv.

etc. v.b.

aramsitC, aramsta

4.

ramta.]

ramitum

e.

v.

-te

etc.

ran

may perhaps come,

rambate etc.
-rambana b.u.
]/

The

ramtva

iJesht.

riramsa-

ramayati

etc.

c.

rama

v.

ramana

-te

+
rv.

rirama3ri8u

also

the verh-forms and derivatives mostly come.

raxnbh,

.'roar'.

isolated occurrences probably artificial.

from the derivatives

a root inferable

raqman

)/

rasati -te

rarasa resus

Perf.

Verb,

[Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

etc. b.

etc. e.

rv.

ras, 'roar

ra9mi v.+

+
+

arirasat, arasit

rasita

rasisyati, rasita.]

c.

raras- rirasisa-

rasana

c.

c.

lam.

etc. c.

ra9anav.+

[ylor. etc.

e.

ramsu-v rv.
riramsa e.+
riramsu o.

y rac.

Pres. [1.]

v.

rv.

lamb, from which

rambhati

Such

c.

ramb, 'hang down'.

y
Pres. [1.]

ratri.'v.+

Compare

at least in part.

Pres. [1.]

Compare

)!..

from which one or two of the derivatives here given

y
Deriv.

e.

ramtavya
ramtr rv.

ramtiAv.+
ramati av.b.
ramati av.b.

-ramin
1

ranram-.

[Int.

rati b.+

ramaniyau.+

ratva

s.

in d.)

rama E.+
ramya B.+
ramana B.+

Compare

etc.

sv.

2.

ramyate etc. e.+

ramayati etc.

Caus.

(riramayisaDeriu..

e.+. -tos n.,

s.+ [-ratya];

etc.

ramsisam

6.

ramtum

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

(in d.)

[ras

rasaya-.]

rasitr

Compare y 1 ras.
The root 2 ras 'taste'

is

c.

only a denominative of rasa.

ra9i v.+

Roots, Verb-fobms,

rah]

]/

138

rah, 'desert'.

rahati raraha rehus arirahat, arahit rahisyati, rahita.]

Verb, rahita e. + rahitum e.
Caus. rahayati etc. s. +
Sec. Conj.
rahu-v bv.
rahana c.
rahas e.+
Deriv. raha Ev. +
[Pres.

etc.

-rahin

rahasya, -yu b.+

c.

y
Pres. [3.] ririhi

V.

[2.]

arasma

4.

rata

Verb,

v.

Deriv.: -T&

rare

ev.,

(rasat

etc. v.b.

Fut. [1. rasyati.

] 2.

rata

+ ratave
;

v.

The present-stem rasa

is

(rarate

[1.]

'3s.,

rasate

rarana)
etc. v.b.s.

rv.

etc. v.b.)

rasatham rasiya

ev.

raravan

raka?v. +
rati

v.

ravan

-raruv

ev.

v.b.

v.b.

plainly an extension of the aorist-stem ras.

2 ra, 'bark'.

etc. v.b.

etc.

raj, 'be kingly'.

Pres. [1.] rajati etc. v.+, -te etc. e.+

raraja rejus

Aor.

etc.

v.b.s.

rarau; arasit; rasyati, rata.]

-ravan ? vs.

[Perf.

Deriv.

Perf.

rasva

c.

y
rayati

b.,

rayi? v.+
rayistha b.
ratna v v. +

rai or ra?v.+

Pres. [4.]

raridhvam

av.,

etc.

give'.

c.

c.

-raya

ra, ras,

rati c, rate

ev.,

Perf. rarima -ivans

Aor.

rarasva

b,v.,

rasi

1.

rajyasam

s. [

3.

rarajatus

etc. e.+,

ararajat.j

[2.]
m.,

rasti rat rv.

reje

5.

etc.

e.+ [raraje.]

arajisus ev. [arajista.]

[Fut. rajisyati, rajita.]

Verb,

rajase ev.

Sec. Conj.: [Int. raraj-.

etc.

Dcrtv.

rajanv. +
rajan ev.

radhnoti etc. b.+

raradha etc. v.b.

Pres. [5.]
Perf.

1.

rastri

-rajin ev.e.

rastrav.+

aradham

-sma
Av.B.s.

av.b.s.

5.

b.

'ruler',

-te

[4.]

v.b.s.

from }/rj, raj, which

(see ib.) is related with

y radh,
Aor.

etc. b. +,

rajana b.+

most probably an old denominative of raj

The anomalous stem irajya-

see.

Caus. rajayati

av.e.

raj v.+

-rajav. +
Is

Desid. rirajisa-.

it.

'succeed'.

radhyate

etc.

av. +. -ti

etc.

s.+

(radhati -dhat etc. rv. -dhas 9B."); radhyasam

v.b.u.
4. aratsit etc.
3. ariradhat etc. b.c.
,

aradhi

radhisi

etc.

av.b.u.


AND Pkimary Derivatives.

139
Fut.

ratsyati

1.

Verb,

raddlia

Sec.

Conj.:
ritsa-.

Deriv.

raddha.]

2.

raddhva

is.

radhyate c.
Caus. radhayati

v.

-radhin

radhya

-radhya

\Int.

etc.

av. +

Pass,

radha

av.b.s.

etc.

av. + ;

radhana av. +

e.

-radhaniya
radhas v. +

v.

The form iradJianta

kvI.,

[ric

u.

raradh-.

Desid.

riratsa-,

(radhyate k. riradhayisati u. j
-radhi av.
-radhayitr c.
raddhi av.b.s.
-radhayisnu b.
-raddhr c.
inlln. iradhyai (tor iradhadhyai)

c.

with the

appears to belong to this root.

Ev'.,

]/'

Pres. [1.]

rasati -te

Perf.

rarase

[Aor.

etc.

ras, 'roar

etc. e.

c.

arasista; rasisyate, rasita.]

rarasyate e.
rasabha? b.+
rasa? c.
Compare y ras and y 2 ra.

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Deriv.:

2 ras, see

y
Pres. [9.]

rinati rinite

[5.]

arinvan

ms.

[4.]

riyate

v.b.

riyati.]

6.

riraya; arirayat, araisit; resyati, reta; reri-, ririsa-, ra-

etc.

[Perf.

ra,

'flow'.

ri, ri,

etc. v.b.s.

yaya-, repaya- ariripat,]

-raya E.
Compare y li.

Deriv.

y
rikha

Pre. [6.]

rekha

Deriv.

retas v.+

ritiv.+

rit kv.

rikh,

renu v.+

'scratch'.

rv'.

e.

The usual form

which

of this root is likh,

rinkh, ring,

rinkhati etc. c; ringati -te

ririnkha, riringa etc. etc.]
[Perf.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. ringayati c.
ringin c.
Deriv. rinkhana c.

see.

'creep'.

etc. c.

Pres. [1.]

etc.

ringi

y rie,
Pres. [7.]

rinakti

etc. v.b.

Perf.

rireca ririce

Aor.

1.

4.

Fut.

1.

riktam?

[rinkte.]

etc. v.b.

ev.;

areei

v.b.s.

araik ev., ariksi etc. v.b.

reksyate b. [ 2. rekta.]

'leave'.

(riricyat

c.

[4?] ricyate

etc. v.,

2.

e<c. ts., -ti e.

ririkvans

aricat

c.

3.

ev.. arirecit ev.)

ariricat etc

m.s.

Vekb-forms,

Rooi's,

ric]

rikta

Verb,

v.

+ [rikta.]

Conj.: Pass, ricyate

Sec.

recayati
Deriv.; -reka V.+
-rekin c.
Caus.

v.+

etc.

etc. b.

-reeya

c.

v.

-recaniya

The accent ricyate

[Int. reric-.

riripus by.

Verb,

ripta rv.
rip

repas

v.

-rikti

-rincya

riktha

ts.,

'smear

jb.
v.

reknas

bt.

-rikvan

bv.

and ricyate only from

cb.

ripu

v.

Compare the other form of the

c.

-rmciE.+
reku bv.

c.

y rip,
Perf.

Desid. ririkaa-.

-rincaE. +

quotable only fram

is

recana

reeaB.+
recaka e. +

Deriv.

140

v.

ripra

v.

lip, to which most of the formation

root,

belongs.

riphant -ati
etc. rirepha etc.

Pres. [6.]

[Perf.

riphita

Verb,

e.

repha

s.

riph,

[1.]

'snarl'.

rephant

b.

etc.]

riphyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

av.b.

s.

ribh,

'sing'.

rebhati etc. v.b.c'.?

rirebha bv.
[Aor. etc. arebhit rebhisyati, rebhita.]
Sec. Conj.
Pass, ribhyate bv.
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

Deriv.

rebha v.+

y
Pres. [6.]
Verb,

riQant ricjate

rista

etc.

ri9, 'tear'.

bv.

v.u.

Deriv. ri(ja av.

See the other form,

licj,

from which the forms mostly come.

y
risyati

Pres. [4.]

etc. v. +,

-te

ris, 'be hurt'.

etc.

e.+

[).]

resat resat

v.

[Perf. riresa.]

Aor.

1.

ridbvam

risant? by.)
BY.)

5.

rista

v.

3.

2.

arisan

ririsat

aresit.]

[Fui. resisyati
Verb,

ta.

resita, reata.]

rise risas by.

etc. v.

etc.

v.b.s.

(risatha

etc.

rv.,

risant

+ (ririalsta bv.c, ririsista ririses

AND Primary Derivatives.

141

See. Conj.: [Int. reris-.

Caus. resayati

res?

D.nd. ririksati etc. rv. [ririsisa-, riresisa-.

+ (risayadhyai uw)
resa c.
resana v.
resman av.b.
]

etc. v.

Asv.

Deriv.:

-resins.

risti v.u.s.

risana- rv.

risika?

B.

-risa Av.

y
redhi rihanti
ririhvans rv.
ridha rv.

Verb,

-hana

Sec. Conj.: Int. reriliat

Deriv.

-rehana

Tih,

The other verb-forms and

rl, see

rihana

rv.,

ru,

made from

rurava

Perf.

\Fut. ravisyati,

ruta

Verb,

ruruvire

e.,

ri.

'cry'.

rotum

ravitr

v.b.

rudhi av.?
ravisam etc.

ravitr

[1.]

roruvat

rocate

ruciya

etc.

etc.

rv.

roruyate

etc. e. +. -ti e.

rava r.+
ravin e.+
ravanaE.+

b.

rv.

2 ru, 'break'
b.

rv.

v.+, -ti

ta.,

etc.

b.

b.

etc. e.

'shine'.

v.+ (rurukvans rurucyas rurucanta rv.)

rucana

-cata (3s.) etc.

rucisiya av.)

Ev.,
b.,

b.;

ruma?

ravat

-ravin

b.

rviroca ruruce
1.

aravit

very few sporadic occurrences, and not unquestionable.

Pres. [1.]

Aor.

5.

v.b.s.

y rue,
Perf.

[6.]

v.b.

Sec. Conj.: Int.

:

roruvana

b.

ravatha

Pres. [2.]

Deriv.

[ariravat.]

Caus. ravayati etc. s. +

ruvatha
-ravas v.+

rava
ravana c.
ruvana- RV.

ruta

Aor.
Verb,

c.

etc. v. +,

y
5.

s.)

c.

roraviti

v.

ravanav

b.

artiruvat

3.

[Desid. ruriisa-.

Deriv.

s.,

ravita rota.]

av. + ;

Sec. Conj.: Int.

vs.

lih, which see.

]/

Aor. [1. riiyat.

rihana

etc. v.b.

rauti [raviti] ruvanti etc. b.+ (riiyat

ruvati etc. v.+
[1.] ravati -te etc. jb.+

Pres. [2.]

v.,

av.

derivatives

c.

rerihyate

etc. v.b.,

reriha

av.

ririksu rv.

'lick'.

rihate

etc. v.b.,

Pres. [2.]

Perf.

mo

bv.; aroci rv.

4.

arukta

ta.

arueat

2.

5.

arocista

c.

etc.

3.

arurucat

b.+ (rocisiya

Roots, Vekb-forms,

rue
Fut.

1.

Verb,

rocisyate

rucita

Deriv.:

rocita.]

2.

rocitum e. ruce rv.

rorueana rv. Desid. rurueisate?

e.

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Caus.

e. [

rocayati

v.+, -te

etc.

-roein.

roka
roka

rucaka e.+
rucya c.
roca Av. +

1.

rok

ruk

vs.,

-te

etc.

rucayanta

rucira e.+

ruksa

V.

>is.

rukmant

rv.

rueisya c.
rocisnu b.+
-ru9a? RV.
ru9ant? v.

mkma v. +

v.b.

rv.

v.b.

b.

ruj, 'break'.
e.+

etc.

[2?]

rukte

b.

v.+ (rurojitha rv.)

ms.

aa. [rurocisa-.]

roci

roeuka

roeana v.+

etc. v. +,

e.);

ruci AV. +
rocis

Ev.

-rokin

ruroja rurujus

Terf.

V.

Aor.

e.
c.

-rocaa

rujati

b.+ (rocyate

etc.

rocaka

nic v.+
ruea b.
ruca E.

Pres. [6.]

142

arurujat

3.

c.

arauksit.]

4.

roksyati, rokta.]

]^Fut.

Verb,

rugna

v.

ruktva

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

rujyate

b.
e.

-rujya

[Int.

b.

+ -ruje rv.
;

roruj-.

Lesid.

ruruksa-

(in d.)

[Caus. rojayati.]

ruja V.+
ruj a

E.

loga?

rudanti

etc.

s.+

[6.]

rodisyati

c. [

2.

rodati -te

[1.]

rurude

e.,

rud, 'weep'.

v.+ (rudimas rudihi c. arodit b.+)

etc.

ruroda rurudus etc.

Aor. 2. arudat etc. av.u.
rudita

rv.

r^.

Perf.

1.

ruruksani

luth.

Pres. [2.] roditi

Fut.

av.

rv.

ruth, 'torment'

y
rudati -te

-rujatnu

c.

ruj ana rv.

rothamana

Compare

-rogana

V.B.

y
Pres. [1.]

-ruj ana

rogav. +

Deriv.: TX>j 'V.+

e.

arurudat.

[3.

s.+

etc.

5? araudisit

c.

rodita.]

roditum

ruditva e.+, roditva e. -rudya c.

Sec. Conj.: Pass, rudyate c.
Int. rorudat e., rorudyate etc. e.+
Desid. rurudisa- (^in d.)
Caus. rodayati etc. v. +
Deriv. -TVid AX.
rodas etc.? v.+ -roruda av.
rodana e.+
-ruda? c.
rudana c.
roditavyaE. + rurudisu c.
AV.U.
roda
rudra v v. +
Verb,

e.

+;

c.

rudh, 'grow'.

rodhati rodhat rv.

[6.] rudhant? rv'.
-rudh V.+
-rodhaAv.+
-rodhana

Pres. [1.]
Derir..-

Appeals

to

be another form of

ruh.

v.b.

AND Primary Derivatives.

143

y
Pres. [7. J

mas
Aor.

v.+ (rurodhitha

etc.

arodham rv.. arudhma

1.

'obstruct'.

runaddtii rundhanti rtinddhe rundhate elc v.+

Av.
etc. )i. +
[1.] rodhati e.
[6'.'J rundhati -te

rurodha rurudhe

Perf.

rudh,

arudhat

2.

v.+

etc.

Sec.

v.

roddhum

-rudhya v.+, -nindhya

Conj.: Pass, rudhyate
Desid.
-te

etc.

-rudha

rodha

rv.

V.+

-dhos

d..

-rudham

v.

etc.

rodhitum e. ruddhva b. +
-rundham h. -rodham h.
;

rodhaka

e.+

rodliin

s.

rodhya

e.+

e.+

-ti etc.

b.s.)

rorudhas r.
Caus. rodhayati

rodhanav. +
rodhana rv.
r6dhasv.+

-ruddhi

b.

roddhavya
roddhj b.+

e.+

b.

etc. b.

ruropa.]

[Per/",

Aor.

Int.

rup, 'break, ])am'

I'

riipyati

av.k..

-rodliuka

Pres. [4.]

e.)

(arautsi ah.)

etc. b.u.

rurutsate etc. b., -ti e. (-syamana?

E.+ (rodhyate e.); rundhayati e.

Deriv.: -rudh. v. +

rurundhatue

rudh-

e.

e.

[2.

[3.

ruddha

ev.,

(rudhant? rv.); rudhyatc. |arodhi.|

arurudhat.
]
4. arautsit etc. n.+

ms.

(araut av., rotsis v.), arutsi aruddha

2. roddha.
Fut. 1. rotsyati -te etc. b.+ [
Verb,

[nih

[2.

arupat.

] 3.

arurupat

[Fut.

ropisyati, ropita.]

Verb,

rupita rv.

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

Caus.

ropana

ropayati b.
ropi

av.

Probably the same with

rosati rv.b.

[4.]

av.b.

ropusi

av.

rv.

lup, though differentiated from

y
Pres. [1.]

etc.

it

in meaning.

rus, 'be vexed'.

rusyati -te

etc.

e.+

[0.|

rusati

etc.

8.+

rurosa; arusat, artirusat, arosit; rosisyati, rosita rosta.]

rusita e.+. rusta e. + rusya e.

[Perf. etc.
Verb,

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

-te

etc.

rorus-.

Desid. rurusisa-, rurosisa-.

E.+ (rosyate

rus

e.

Perf.

Aor.

rohati -te

etc.

v.+

e.

part of the av. forms of ru(;ant are referred

ruh, 'ascend'.
[6.]

ruhati -te

v.+ (rurohitha

ruroha ruruhus etc.

2. aruhat etc. v.+ [ruheyam

etc. v.b.s.

rosana

y
Pres. [1.]

Caus. rosayati

e.+")

rosa e. +
Occasionally written ru9 ; and
here by BR.
Deriv. :

etc.

etc.

av.^,

R.+

rurxihe

ruha riihana

etc. c.

v.b.s.)

7.

anikaat

Roots, Verb-fokms,

ruhj
Fut.

roksyati

].

rudha

Verb,

-ruhya

v.

b.+, -te
;

ab.;

rohisye

e.,

rodhum
-ruham

ev.

Cans,

(ropyate
Deriv.

ruh

v.

aropi

e.+,

rusati

rusita

Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

e.

rodha.]

2.
e.

ts.

rudhva
-roham b.
;

roruh-.

-te

B.

etc.

-,

av.

-riihya av. +,

ruruksati
ropayati etc. b. +

Desid.

-rodhavya

e.

-rodhr c.
-ruruksuE. +

rohas rv.s.
-rohuka k.
rudhi b.+

etr.

v.+

-te

e.

ropa e.+
ropaka e.+

ropin

e.

ropya e.+
ropanaE.
ropaniya

c.

ropayitrE. +

rus, 'strew'.

etc. etc.]

rosayati

Cans, [rusayati;]

rtisana

.-

[Int.

v.

c.)

y
Verb,

rohana v. +
rohaniya S.+

-ruha B.+
rohaAv. +
roliakaE.+
rohin B.+
-rohya b.

[Pres. etc.

e. [

rohitum

rohisyai

ruhyate b.
rohayati etc.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

b.

144

etc. c.

ruksaVv.

c.

rej, 'tremble'.

Pres. [1.] rejati -te etc. v.b.

Sec. Conj.: Cnus.

rejayati

y
Pres. [1.]

Only

-redant

rv.

etc.

red, 'deceive'

(?).

b.s.

in the phrase

aredata manasa. Of wholly douhtful

rebh,

y
laksate c, -ti e.
Conj.: Caus. laksayati -te

see

character.

ribh.

laks, 'mark'.

Pres. [1.]
Sec.

yate e.+)
Deriv. laksa V.+
laksaka c.

etc.

e.+ (-laksita

laksya u.+
laksana b.+

b. +,

laksaniya

c.

laksmanv.+

-laksya

s.

laks-

laksmiv.+
-laksayitavya

e.

Eeally a denominative formation from laksa, but having attained the

position and value of a secondary root.

y lag,

'attach'

Pres. [1.] lagati efc. e.+

[Perf.

Put.
Verb,

etc.

1.

lalaga; alagit.]

lagisyati

lagna

etc. c. [

b'.v e.

2.

lagita.]

lagitva c; -lagya

c.

AND Primary Derivatives.

145

[labh

Caui<. lagayati c.
laganiya c.
-lagana c.
linga? u.+
The lateness of this root is strongly opposed to the
laksa etc.

Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.:

langh,

]/

langhati -te c.
etc. lalangha
-ghe;

derivation from

of

it

'leap'.

Pre*. [1.]

[Perf.

alanghit,

alanghista;

langhisyati

-te,

langhita.]

langhayati etc. e.+ (langhita s. + langhyate c.)

-langhin c.
Derir. laiigliaka c.
langhyaE.+
langhana s.+
langhaniya c.
Doubtless related with y ranh.
Sec. Conj.: Cans,

Pres. [6.] lajjate etc. eI.e. +, -ti

Perf. lalajjire

[Aor.

'be ashamed'.

lajj,
etc.

e.+

c.

alajjista; lajjisyate, lajjita.]

etc.

Verb, lajjita c.

lajjitum

Sec. Conj.: [Int. lalajj-.

e.

Desid. lilajjisa-.

Caus. lajjayati

etc. c.

Deriv. lajj a e.+

y
Prss. [1.]

lapati

etc.

av.e.+, -te

lap//prate'.
etc. e.

[4.]

lapyant

m.

lalapa lepus e.+

[Aor. alilapat, alalapat; alapit.]
Perf.

Fut.

lapisyati

1.

Verb,

etc.

e,+

lapita av.+, lapta

Sec. Conj.:
-ti E.

Deriv.

e.

2.

lapita.]

lapitum

Pass, lapyate
[Desid. lilapisa-.

Int.

c.

lapana c.
lapaniya

-lap av.

-lapya

c.

-lapti

c.

laptum

lalapiti

etc.

-lapya e.+
av.e.; lalapyate

Caus. lapayati

e.

etc.

av.+. -te

-lapitavya c.
-lapaAv.+
-lapaka e. +

c,

c.

etc.

e.+,

etc. b.u.

-lapin

e.

-lapya c.
-lapana e. +

Compare the other root-form, rap.

labh,

'take'.

labhate etc. av.+, -ti etc. av.? e. + lambhate etc. e.

Perf. lalabha c, lebhe etc. v.+
] 4. alabdha alapsata
3. alalambhat.
Aor. [1. alambhi.
lapsiya s.
2. labdha e.
Fut. 1. lapsyate etc. b.+, -ti etc. b. + labhisyati c:
k.s.
-lambham
b.
+
-labhya
av.
+
Verb, labdba v. + labdbva
Pres. [1.]

Pass,

labhyate

.Desid. lipsate

Caus.

Sec. Conj.:

etc.

lambhayati

Whitney, Supplement

etc.

b.+. -ti

av.+, -ti
etc.
II.

etc. e.

b.;

c.

Int.

lipsate

lalabh-, lalambh-.]
etc. b.s.

(lipsyate

b.+, -te b.
!

cb.)

Roots, Vebb-foems,

labh]
Deriv.:

-labha

labhana

s.+

labhya
labha B.+
-labhaka rv.
labhin c.
B.+

146

lambha b.+
lambhaka b.+

c.

-labhaniya
labdhiE. +

c.

labdhavya
labdhr b.+

u.+

lambhuka b.u.
lipsa avp.e.+

-lambhin e.+
lipsuE.+
-lambhya b.s.
lipsitavya
larabhanas.+ lipsitavya
lambhaniyau.+

e.
b.

Compare the other root-form, rabh.

y
lalama

Pres.

'take pleasure'.

ci.

lamaka?

Deriv.

lam,

s.

Sporadic variation of

y ram.

y
lambate
lalambe etc.

Pres. [1.]

etc.

lamb, 'hang down'.

b.+, -ti

e.+

etc.

+
[Aor. alalambat, alambista.]
Perf.

Fut.

e.

lambisyati e., alambisyata c.

[2. lambita.]
e.
lambita + lambitum e. + -lambya e.+

1.

Verb,

lambyate

Conj.: Pass,

Sec.

(lambyate
Deriv.:

lamba B.+
lambaka c.

Pres. [1.] lalati -te etc.

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

-te c,

-lambitavya

lal, 'sport'.

lalana

e.

lalayati

etc.

e.+, -te

lalaka

-lalya

c.

lalasa lesus

c.

c.

(lalyate c); lalayati

lalana

c.

lalaniya

c.

las, 'desire'

4.

lasyati

etc. c.

lalayitavya

c.
e.

-te.]

[lese.]

[Aor. alilasat; alaslt, alasista.]

Fut.

1.

Verb,

lasisyati

lasita

c.

e.+

Pres. [!.] lasati -te etc. e.+ [

Perf.

e.

etc.

Verb. lalita e.

-lala

Caus. lam.bayati

lambinB. +
lam.banaE.+
-lambya c.
-lambuka b.
root-form, ramb.

e.+)

etc.

Compare the other

Deriv.

e.+

etc.

e.

c.

[-te.

2.

lasita.]

[Sec. Conj.: lalas-; lilasisa-;

Deriv.: -lasya

c.

lasaya-.]

-lasaniya

c.

-lasa

Hardly occurs, in verb-forms

or derivatives,

-lasin

c.

-lasaka

e.

c.

-lasvika

except with abhi.

c.

e.

..

AND Primary Derivatives.

147

y las,
lasati

Pre.<. [1.]

Perf.

lalasa

[Aor.

etc.

-te

etc. e.+.

]]

[lip

'be lively'

etc. c.

c.

alilasat, alasit; lasisyati, lasita.J

Verb, lasita e.+

Sec. Conj.

Caus. lasayati

Deriv.: -las

etc. e.

+ (laayate

-lasana c.
lasana e. +

c.

-lasa B.+

c.)

lasaE. +

-lasin e.+

lasaka e.+

lasya

e.

lalasa e.+
In meaning

lalasa belongs distinctly

very possibly one in origin; alasa

y
Pres. [2.] lati

[Perf.

la, 'grasp'.

c.

likhati

lilekha

and lanehana

Fut.

1.

c.

perhaps connected with

'scratch'.

b.+

[lekhisyati.
alilikhat

] 3.

likhisyati

jb.

5.

2.

c.

lekhis

b.s.

lekhita.]

likhita av. + [lekhitum, likhitum; lekhitva,] likhitva

Verb,

khya

b.

laks.

av.+. -te b.s.

etc.

etc.

alekhi.

artificial.

lanch, 'mark'

y likh,
[1.

roots are

c.

Only in lanchita

Aor.

and the two

c.

Perf.

las

the only pre-epic form.

few sporadic occurrences, probably

Pres. [6.]

lalau; alasit; lasyati, lata.]

etc.

latva

Verb,

is

to

c.

[Desid. lilikhisa-, lilekhisa-.

likhyate etc. s.+
Caus. lekhayati etc. s. + likhapayati c.
lekhana s.
lekhakaE.+
i)erii'.
likhya c.
lekha s.+
lekhaniya
lekhinE.+
likhana c.
lekha b.+

Conj.: Pass,

Sec.

-li-

lekhya

e.

Compare the other root-form, rikh.

y
Pres. [6.]

limpati

etc.

av,+, -te

Perf. lilepa lilipus b.

Aor.

1.

alepi

c.

2.

lip,

etc.

s.+

+
alipat

c.

'

limp, 'smear'.

lalipata.

3.

alilipat.]

4.

alipta c,

alipsata ev.
[Fut.
Verb,

lepsyati -te ; lepta.]

lipta av. + -lipya b.+
;

Sec. Conj.

Pass,

lipyate

Caus^ lepayati

b.+, -ti e.

etc.

etc. e.

+ limpayati
;

[Int. lelip-.

Desid. lilipsa-.

s.

10*

Roots, Verb-fokms,

lip]

Compare

liqate

etc. e.

lie, 'tear.

[3.

alili^at.

{^licjana jb.) [

Perf. Iili9ire b.

Aor.

-limpa av.b.
limpi c'.

s.+

lipiE.+

other root-form, rip.

tlie

y
Pres. [6.]

lepana

lepinE.+
lepya c.

lepa r.s.+
-lepaka c.

Deriv.:

14S

ale9isi

] 5.

b. [

ligyate.]

4.

aliksata.]

7.

leksyate, lesta.]

[Fut.

Verb, lista b.s.

[Sec. Conj.: lelig-; liliksa-;

legaya-.]

Derir.; (ku-)li9a? V.+

le9aB.+

Compare the other root-form,

ri9.

yiih,
Pres. [2.]

[Perf.

Aor.

etc.

[1.

ledhi

alehi.

lidha

Verb,

e.

lelihyate
etc. B.+
:

-lih

alilihat.

3.

-te,

b.+

etc.

[6.]

lihati

etc.

e.+

-lihya

etc. e. +,

alidha.

4.

] 7.

aliksat

[-ksata.]

s.

s.

e.

Int.

-hyant

c.

leha c.
-lehaka

c.

-liha

ledha.]

lihyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

'lick'.

lileha, lilihe.]

leksyati

[Fut.

lidhe

b.+,

etc.

lestu e.+

c.

lelihat

e.+,

etc.

lelihana

[Desid. liliksa-.

e.

e. +.

Cans,

-hita

jb.,

lehayati

-lehin e.+

lehana

lehyaE. +

lelihaE.+

s.+

Compare the other root-form, rih.

y
Pres. [4.]
E.

liyate av.

Perf. lilye

Aor.

4.

9.

cb. [alaisit.

'cling".

[1.]

layate

etc. v.b.

(ni-")layata

(ni-)layam cakre cb.

6.

[lalau.]

alasit.]

lasyati; leta, lata.]

llna AV. +
:

b.+, -ti etc. v.c.

b.+, lilyus b.+

etc.

alesta

Sec. Conj.

11,

linati.]

[Fut. lesyati,
Verb,

'?

-liya e.+, -laya

[Int. leli-.

s.

-lay am av.b.

Desid. lilisa-.

yate c.) layayati etc. c.

layaB.+
-liyana c.
layanaAv.+
layav ev.
layu? MS.
-layaka vs.

Caus.

lapayati

etc. b.

+ (lap-

Deriv.:

Compare

]/ ri, ri.

-layya? ev.
-layana c.
-leya v

c.

-lapya c.
-lapana b.+
-lapayitavya

c.

AND Primary DERtvATivES.

149

2 II, 'be unsteady'.

Sec. Conj.: Int. lelayati E.r.s..

lelayate

B.;

alelayat

aleliyata

etc. v.,

flup

b.

alelet

v..

lelaya

cb..

n..

lelayanti lelayatas

lelaya

ms..

lelayat jh.

Deriv. lelacB.?jB.

Perhaps iutensive of the preceding.

The

variety of form and accent is

quite anomalous.

lunc,

'tear'.

[Pres. Ivincati.]

luluncus

Perf.

[Aor.

etc.

c.

aluncit; luncisyati, luncita.]

luneita

Verb,

-nee

e.,

Deriv.: lvLk.1

c.

luncitva c [lucitva] -luneya e.

-lunca vs.
-luncaka c.

c.

y
luthati -te

Pres. [6.]

luth,

luthita

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

c.

Int.

loluthiti

lothana?

Deriv.

c.

Caus. lothayati
lunth,

)/ 2 luth,

Verb,

c.

lunthitum

c.

Deriv.

-luntha

lothayati

etc. c.

lodati

lunthayati

lunthaka

c.

y
l^Pres. etc.

'rob'.

e'.

lunthisyati

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

c.

c.

[l.Jlunthati

Fut.

roll'.

etc. c.

lulotha c.
etc. aluluthat alulothat, alothit alothista; lothisyati, lothita.]

Perf.

[Aor.

Pres.

-luncanaE.+

lud,

etc. c.

lunthana

c.

(lunthyate

c.l

Ivinthi

e'.c.

c.

'stir up".

etc. etc.]

lodayati etc. e. + lodita -lodya s.+ (lodyate etc. e.+)

Deriv. -lodana E. +
-lodayitr c.
Compare }' lul. A form or two from y lunth appear to have the mean-

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

ing of

}/

Ivid.

y
Pres. [6.]
Perf.

Aor.

lumpati

lulopa
1.

lopi

etc.
s.

etc.

av.+. -te

b.+,

lulupe

e.

[2.

alupat.

lup, 'break'.

lopsiya u.
lopsyati -te, lopta.]
Verb. luptaAV. +
loptumc.

etc.

o.

s.+

alulupat

e.

[alulopat.]

4.

[alupta;]

[Fut.

-lop am

s.

luptva

s.

-lupya

\y. +

-lumpam

ms.,

Roots, VERB-roKMS,

lup]

-pyate
etc.

Deriv.:

lupyate

Pass,

Sec. Conj.:

ts.),

-ti

[Desid. lulupsa-, lulopisa-.

etc. v.-i-

(lopyate

JB.E.+

av.+ (lupyate

etc.

150

lup c
-lupya c.
lopaE. +

lolupat
Cans, lopayati -te

s.

Inf.

c.)

lopaka

-lumpakaE. +
-lumpana e.

lopanaE. +

E.+

lopin e.+

-lupti

lopya

loptr

c.

b.

lolupa e.+

e.

loptra

E.

Compare the other root-form, rup. Xiolupa belongs in meaning

lubh, 'be

)/lubh.

lustful'

6. lubhati.]
lubhyati etc. av. + [
[1.] lobhase
Perf. lulubhe s. + [lulobha.]
5. alobhit.]
] 3. alulubhat jb. [
Aor. [2. alubhat.
{Put. lobhisyati lobdha, lobhita.]

Pres. [4.]

to

ci.

lubdha

Verb,

e.

lobdhum

e.

[Desid. lulubhisa-, lulobhisa-.

Int. lolubhyate c.
] Caus.
lobhayati etc. v.+, -te etc. e.+ (lobby ate e. + lulobhayisati ab.")
lobhaniya e.+
lobhin e.+
lobhana s. +
Deriv.: lobhaE. +
-lobhya c.
-lobhaka c.
Sec. Conj.

-,

ltd, 'be lively'.

Pres. [1.] lolati etc. c.

Verb, lulita

e.

lolayati

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

Deriv.

lola

e.

etc.

lolana

The same with

]/

e.+
c.

lud.

y
Pres. [9.]

lunati

Perf.

lulava

[Aor.

etc.

b.+

[5.]

Ivmoti

etc. b.s.

c.

alavi, alilavat -vata, alavlt alavista; lavisyati -te, lavita.]

Verb, liina b.
[Sec. Conj.

Derio.:

etc.

lu, 'cut'.

-lavam c

lolii-

lavaB.+

lulusa- ; lavaya-.]

-lavya

c.

lavanas. +

y lok,
lokate etc. b'.c.
c.
luloke
Perf.
3. alulokat.
Aor. 1. aloki c. [

lava

c.

lavaka

c^

'look'

Pres. [1.]

5.

alokista.]

lokisyate, lokita.]

[Fut.
Verb,

lokitvim

c.

lokayati etc. e.+, -te etc. e.+ (lokyate etc. c.)

-lokayitr c.
-lokana c.
-lokin s. +
-loka e. +
Deriv.
-lokajritavya
-lokaniya e. +
-lokya e. +
-lokaka e. +
compare
also
a
noun
loka:
through
from
Doubtless
y loc.
y ruc,
.Sec.

Conj.: Caus.
:

c.

AND PkiMARY DeRIYATIVES.

151

[vao

loc, "see, consider'.

[Pres. locate.]

Perf.

luloce

[AoT.

etc.

c'.

alulocat, alocista; locisyate, locita.]

Desid. lulocisa-.

Sec. Con}.: [Int. loloc-.

Deriv.

-loca

-locya

c.

locana

c.

Cuu<. locayati -te

e.+

-locaniya

e.+

etc.
c.

-iocaka c.
The same root with the preceding.

vak,

see

vaks, uks,

vafic.

'increase'.

Aor.

uksant xiksamana auksat rv.

vavaksa vavakse etc. (vavaksitha) v.
3? vavaksat sv.
5. auksis ev.

[Put.

vaksisyati, vaksita.]

Verb,

uksita RV.

Pres. [1, 6.]

Perf.

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

viksayanta rv.

Caus.

y
Pres. [3.]

Perf.

vaksayam

vaksana uv. vaksana? v. vaksani

vivakti

etc. v.

[2.]

rv.

rv.

vaksatha

ry.

vaksas

.'

v.+

vac, 'speak'.

vacmi vaksi vakti

e.

uvaca ucus etc. v.+ (uvaktha av.), iice etc. v.+ (vavaea vivakvans
vavakse rv.)
2. avocat -cata etc. v.+ (vocati -te
1. ucyasamE.
avaci v.b.

RV.,

Acr.

vocet -ceta etc. v.b., vocatu etc. v.;

vocati etc. v.b.s.
3. avivacat.]
vocant c. avoci c.) [
2. vakta b.+
Fut. 1. vaksyati etc. v. +, -te etc. e.+ (avaksyat etc. b.u.)
Verb. ixkta v. + vaktum b.+, -tave rv., -tos b. uktva b. + -ucya b.+
Desid. vivaksati
Int. avavaeit rv.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, ucyate etc. v.+
-te etc. s.
Caus. vacayati etc. b. +
-te etc. B.+ (vivaksyate c.)
etc.

V.

(vaeyate
Deriv.

c.)

vac V.+
-vaca
-ucya

vaka

E.

B.s.
V.

-vakin

+
u'.

vakya v. +
vacaka e. +
vacin

c.

vacya

v.

vacana v.+
vacana rv.
vacaniya s. +
vacana v. +
-vacaniya
vacas V.+
-vaeas v.
-vaku AV.+

The aorist-stem voca

is

c.

ukti V. +
vakti ui.

vaktva rv.
vaktavya b. +
vaktr V. +
vaktra e.+
uktha V. +
ucatha rv.

vagnu

V.B.

vakman'.' rv.

vakmya?

rv.

vagvana rv.
vagvanu rv.
vivaksa b.+
vivaksu av. +
vacayitr c.
vacayitavyas.

treated quite as a secondary root-form.

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

vaj]

y
[Pres.

etr.

vajati

152

vaj, 'be strong'.

etc. etc.]

Cms. vajayati etc. v.b.s. (vajayant ev. vajayadhyai rv.)

Deriv.: vajav. +
ojas v.+
ojiyas v.b.
ugrav.+
-vajana s.
oja- rv.
ojman v.
vajrav.+
Sec. Conj.:

ojistha

The verbal forms

V.B.

are really denominative, from

vaja.

vane, 'move crookedly'.

vaneati v.b.s., -te c'.

[vavanca] vavakre rv.
[Aor. etc. vaeyat. avavancat, avancit; vaneisyati, vancita; vancitva
vacitva vaktva.]
Int. [vanivanc-] avavacltv ev.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, vacyate etc. v. +
[Desid. vivancisa-.
] Cans, vancayati etc. v.+. -te etc. e.+ (vancyate e. +)
Deriv.
vakra av. +
vancayitr c.
vaneaka e. + vanku rv.
vakva rv.
vancana v. + vankri v. +
vancayitavya e.+
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

vancaniya
It is hardly

these forms

vakvan

e.+

rv.

necessary to assume a different root-form

since they are all such as sometimes

show

vak

for a part of

a guttural in place of a

palatal of the root.

y
[Pres. etc.

vantati

Sec. Conj.:

The

etc. etc.]

vantyate

Pass,

c.

single
'6^ occurrence is doubtless artificial.

y
Pres. [1.]

Aor.

3.

vatema vatantas

avivatan

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

vant, 'divide'.

av.

v.

vatayati

Cans,

vat, 'apprehend'.

ev.

etc.

-vata? rv.

Only with api.

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

vadati -te

etc.

vad, 'speak'.

v.+ (vadata -deyus

e.

udima udus v.b.. ude etc. b.u.

avadi c.
1. udyasam etc. b.s.

udeyam

av.)

] 5. avadit etc. v.+

[3. avivadat.
(vadisas av.. vadisma ab.). vadisthas b. (avadiran av.)
Fut. 1. vadisyati etc. .s.v. +. -te b.
Verb, udita v. +
vadita e. + vaditum b. + vaditos e.s. uditva s.
+
-ude? av.
-udya B.

Aor.

::

AXD Primary Derivatives.

153
Sec. Con).: Pass,

Desid.

udyate

vivadisati

etc. v.

etc.

vand

vavaditi etc. v.n., -dyate etc. n.

Caus. vadayati -te etc. n.+ (vadyate
Int.

b.s.

B.+. -ti E.)

Deriv.

-vada v.
-vadya v. +
-udya Av. +

vadya av.+
vadana e.+
vadana s. +

vada V.+
vadaka e. +

-vadaniya
vaditavya
vaditavya

vadin
Compare

1.

e.

vaduka

s.+

badhyasam

etc. V.

vadman

nv.

-vadavada
vadavadin
-vadayitr

n.
s.

h.

a.

y vand.

y vadh, badh,
vadha? vadheyam av., vadhet

Pres. [1?]

Aor.

v.

ii.+

vaditr ii.+
vaditra r.s. +
-vadisu s.
-vadisnu s.
vadistha u.

sthas vadhisista.1
Fut. 1. vadhisyati -te etc. e. +
Sec. Conj.: Pass, vadliyate etc.

vs.

vadhyat

-stis av.b.s..

(avadhim vadhim

'slay.

v.b.

avadhi c.
vadhisas ev.. badhis

l.

5.

ta.)

avadhit
[vadhi-

e.+, -ti etc. e.+

Caus. vadhayati

etc. b.

Derii\

vadha, ba-v.+

vadhana

vadhaka av. +
vadhya, ba- av. +

vadhatra rv.
vadhar rv.

y
Pres. [8.]

vanoti vanute

vanema

-vadhyaE. +
-vadhra rv.
vadhriv v.+

rv.

vadhasna

rv.

vadhasnii

v.

van, va, Svin'.

etc. v.b.s.

[1.]

vanati -te

etc. v.

[(3.]

vanati

v.b.

vavana vavanma etc. vavne (vavantha vavanas vavandhi) rv.

4. vansat etc. rv.. vansi (Is.) vansate
Aor. 1. vanta? rv., vansva rv.
V.B.
vansimahi vasimahi rv. 5. vanisat av. vanisanta ts.
Perf.

6. vansisiya
(vanusanta rv.). vanisista
1. vanisyate s. [
2. vanita.]
Verb, -vata v.b., vanita e. + -vantave rv.
Desid. vivasati
Sec. Conj.: Int. vanivan- [m d.).
vanayantu av.

rv.

av.

Fut.

Deriv.

-van?

B.s.

-te

etc. v.

Ciw-.

Roots, Vekb-fobms,

vandl
vandi

rv.

vandisimahi

Aor,

1.

[Fut.

vandisyate, vandita.]

5.

154

kv.

vandita av. + vanditum e. + vanditva e. + -vandya e. + vandadhyai bv.

Pass, vandyate etc. e. +
Desid. vivandisa- (in d.).
Caus.
Sec. Conj.
vandayati etc. e.
vandaniya e.+ vanditavya e. +
Deriv.
-vanda v.
vandin c.
vandaru v. +
vanditr v.b.
vandya v. + vandana v. +
vivandisu c.
Doubtless the same with ]/ vad.
Verb,

y
Pres. [1.]

vapati -te

uvapa

Perf.

iipus

etc. v.

etc. v.

vap,

+ (upet

'strew'.

s.)

+ (vavapa

e.),

upe

etc.

rv.

] 4. avapsit etc. b.+ [avapta.]

[upyat;] vapi n.
[3. avivapat.
2. vapta.]
vapsyati etc. b.s. vapisyati etc. e. + [
e1.
e.
V.
e'.,
+
uptva
-upya v.+
vapta
Verb, upta
+, upita
[Int. vavap-.
Desid, vivapsa-.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, upyate etc. v. +
Caus. vapayati etc. b. +

Aor.

1.

Fut.

1.

vapa
vapa

Deriv.

B.

-vapaka

v.B.s.

-vapin

-upya

vapa

vapya b. +
vapana av. +

B.

B.+

Compare the following

vapati

-te

vapaniya
vapana c.
vapi E. +
upti

upta

s.

-vapistha
-vapayitr

s.

vamiti vamanti

Perf.

Aor.

etc. e.

[1.

vaptr

s,+

from

one'.

avamat

b.+)

3.

Verb,

vamta

vamitva
vanvam-.
vamayati etc. c.
-,

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

c.

etc.

v.+ (avamit v.b.,

vami c.
vamin b. +

c.

[1.]

cb.)

vamisyati, vamita.]

Derjv.;

v.b.s.

vara, 'vomit'.

[vavamus] (uvama
avivamat.
] 4. avan kb. [

vemus

[Fut.

off

e. +,

avami.
b.

b.

y
vavama

b.

etc. v.b.s.

uptva

Doubtless the same with the preceding root: 'scatter

vamati

c.

2 vap, 'shear'.

.-

Pres. [2.]

vaptavya
vaptr E. +
vapra s.+

c.

c.

-upya s.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. vapayati etc. s., -yita s.
vapana
vapa c.
Deriv. vapana B. +
Verb,

root.

y
Pres. [1.]

e.

c.

5.

avamit.]

c.

Desid.

vamana

c.

vamaniya c.

vivamisa-.

vamitavya

vamathu

c.

c.

Caus.

vamayati

vamra?

etc.

v.b,

AND Primary Derivatives.

155

y
valati -te

Pres. [1.]

vavale

Perf.

[Aor.
Verb,

val,

'1

vas

turn'.

etc. c.

c.

avivalat, avalista; valisyati, valita.]

c.
valitva c.

etc.

valita

Sec. Conj.

valayati

Caus.

Dcr ('.; valana

c.

vali .'.+

c.

valayaE.+

Evidently a secondary root- form, probably from

vr, through some

derivative.

valg, 'spring'.

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

[Aor.
Verb,

valgati

vavalga
etc.

avalgit

valgita

etc.

av. +, -te

etc.

e.+

etc. e.

e.

valgisyati, valgita.]

valgayati s.
valga E.+
-valgin

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

Deriv.:

valgana

c.

valguv.+

c.

valh, 'challenge'.

valhati -te etc, b.s.

Verb, valhita c.
-valhya b.
Deriv.
-valha b.s.
-valhaka
Pres. [I.]

]/

vasti u^anti

Pres. [2.]

ava9at

[6.]

U9amana

vac, 'be eager'.

v.+ (Qmasi rv.

etc.

vaqa -qet

ev.,

b.s.

at.?

vasta

sv.")

vavaksi vivasti

[3.]

rv.,

[1.]

vacjanti

vivastu

sv.

rv'.

vavacjus -qe -9ana rv. [uva9a Uijus.]

3. avivaQat.
j 5. va9is e. [avacjit.]
Aor. [1. UQyat.
[Fut. etc. vaqisyati, vaqita; uqita.]
Int. vava9-.
Desid. vivaqisa-.
] Caus.
.Sec. Conj.: [Pass. u(;yate.
vaqayati c. vaqita? av. +
vaBti rv.
v&qi b.
uqana, -nas v. +
Dcrii'.
vaqa V.+
UQi-vv.
va9itr c.
+
RV.
UQenya
u(ja-'? RV.
vaqiyas av.
uqij v.B.e.
Perf.

.'

y
Pres. [6.]

Perf.

Aor.
Fut.

uchati

etc. v.b.s.

uvasa usiis etc.

]. avasran ev.

vas, us, uch, 'shine'.

[2.]

vastev

cb'.

v.b.

avatv

4.

av.

avatsyat cb.
usta v.+, usita s.e. vastave
Caus. vasayati etc. v.b.
Conj.
1.

Verb,
Sec.

rv,

-usi

v.b.

vas

AND Primary Derivatives.

157

y
Pres. [1.]

vahati

-te

Fut.

tihus

I.

etc.

vihita

vaksva

v.+,

udhav. +

vodha? k'.; vodhumv. + -dhave v.b.s., -dhavalB.

udhva E.; -uhya av. + vahe rv. vahadhyai kv.
Conj.
Pa^s. uhyate etc. v.+, -yant e.+
Int. vavahiti c, vanlvah-

Verb,

Sec.

vodham -dham

uhe etc. v. (vavaha vavahatus e.+)

avahi c. ixhyat s.
[3. avivahat.
] 4. avaksit etc. v.u.s. {kva^
vat V.E.S.. vaksat etc. v.u.s., vaksati etc. v.) [avaksi,]
I. vaksyati etc. av.+, -te e.
vahisyati etc. e.+
2. vodha v.

Perf.

Aor.

uvaha

'carry'.

+
[2.] vaksi
lihana v.r.

etc. v.

vodhvam udhvam

vah,

va

[2

[Desid. vivaksa-.

yate etc. b.s.

E. + (vahyate
Deriv
-vah V. +

vaha

etc. e.

vahya s.+
vahana s.+
vahana v. +
vahaniya c.
vahat Ev.

AV.+

vahin

B.s.

vahya v.s.
ogha V. +
augha B.
vaha V. +
vahaka e.
vahin
Compare

vaghat?
-

vahatii
,

Cans,

vahayati

vodhavya

e.

-vahitavya

vodhr

V.

e.

-te

etc. ii.+,

etc.

EV.

vahiyas v.b.
vahni v.+

-vahman

vahitr e.
-vahitr u.
vahitra c.
vahistha v.
vahistha v.b.

vahas v.b.s.
udhi E. +

av. +

roots

+)

vaksas v

v.

vaksana.'

vaksi

.'

v.

EV.

vavahi rv.
vivadhav b.+
-vahayitr

v.b.

ev.

c.

uh.

]/ 1 va, 'blow'.
Pres. [2.]

Perf.

vati

vavau

etc. v.

etc. b,

Aor. 6? avasit

[4.]

vayati

-te

etc. e.

b.

vasyati etc. c.
Verb, vata s., vana c. vatum c.
Caus. vapayati etc. v. +
Sec. Conj.
Deriv.: -va av.e.
vata v. +
Fut.

etc. v. +,

1.

-vana
The forms

e.

vayu

v.

-vapaka
-vapana

-vayya av.
from pres.-stem vaya have

c.

-vapayitr

c.

-vapayitavya

of the

same

original root

The two, however,

nor are the forms

capable of being clearly divided between them.

]/ 2 va, vi, u, 'weave'.
Pres. [4.]

Perf.

vayati

etc. v. +,

livus RV. [vavau

-te

etc.,

etc.

b.+

uvaya uyus

etc.]

6. avasit.]
avasta, vasista.
2. vata.]
Fut. 1. vayisyati ev. [-te; vasyati.
Verb, uta v. +. uta s.
otum rv., otave sv.. otavai

[Aor.

1.

tiyat.

4.

c.

mostly the sense 'be blown or ex-

hausted', and are generally referred to a different root, 2 va.

seem evidently only two sides

c.

v..

vatave

av.

Roots, Verb-forms,

2 val

uyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

etc. b.s. [

vava-.

In',

15S

Desid.

vivasa-.

Caus.

vayaya-.]
Derjy.

-vaya

vanas. +
vayuna?v. +

Rv.c.

vayaka

c.

-vayana

uti ?

b.s.

c.

va (m vivasa-),

y
vanchati

Pres. [1.]
etc.

[Perf.

e.

vema e.
veman b. +

van.

'desire'.

\.+

vancha

vanchyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

vanch,

see

vem?s.+
c.

vavancha; avanchit; vanehisyati, vanchita.]

vanchita

Verb,

etc.

otu v.b.
-vatavya
vayitr b.

etc. c.

Caus. vanchayati

e.

c.

vac, 'bellow'.

vaqyate etc. av. +. -ti e.

[1.] va9ati etc. ev.e.+, -te etc. e.+
v.+
etc.
avavaqitam avava9anta etc. rv.)
(vavaQre
-qana
Perf. vava9e
5. ava9isthas b.
Aor. 3. avivaqat etc. avivaqanta ev. [avava^at.]
Pres. [4.]

va9isyate, va9ita.]
va9ita e. + va9itva

[Fut.
Verb.

viva9isa-.
Xeni;..-

-va9ya c.
Int. vava9at rv. vava9yate e.
Caus. va9ayati etc. v.s.
-va9ya s.
va9rav.
va9aka c.
+
c.
va9inE.
va9ana

va9yate

Sec. Conj.: Pass.

va9a? V.+
va9a v.s.

c.

c.

y
Pres. [1.]

vah,

[Desid.

'press'.

etc. c.

vavahe; avahista; vahisyate, vahita.]

Conj.: Caus. vahayati c.

[Perf.
Sec.

vallate

etc.

vie,

'sift'.

vinakti etc. v. +
[,3.] viveksi
viveca? av. (vivikvans rv.^

Pres. ['.]

Perf.

rv'.

[Aor. avivicat, avaiksit.]

2. vekta.]
veksyati c. [
Verb, vikta b. + vektum e. -vicya
Pass, vicyate etc. av. +
Sec. Conj.

Fut.

1.

s.

-vecam

Int.

s.

vevekti

s.

Caus.

vecayati

etc. c.

Deri';..-

-veka U.+
-vekin c.
-vekya c.

-vecaka
-vecana

-viktiB.+

c.

e.

-vektavya

-vektr
c.

vivici

c.

v.b.s.

159

Primary Derivatives.

A.ND

2 Vic, see |/ vyac.

^ ^,

^^ ^.

UNIV
vijate

vivije

Perf.

Aor.

Fut.

1.

Verb,

(4?).

v.+, -ti

etc.

vijisyati

vejayati

vikta

v.b.,

vejisyati

e.,

vigna

ev.,

-vejin

vetti vidanti

c(c. c.)

vindati -te

veda

e.

vidiis

etc.

vivijas rv.

5.

avijista.J

vijita.J

[Desid. vivijiaa-.

-vejana

c.

Caus.

vevija

c.

rv.

vigra.'Rv.

c.

vid, 'know'.

vidmahe

b.

vedaE., vedate

u.

etc. v. +,

[1.]

etc. e.

;}.

2.

e.

Perf.

c. [

-vejaka

vegav.+

ev.

vevijanaRv.

nv.,

b.+, -te

etc.

Deriv.: vij u\.

karotu

vejate

[1.]

+ [vijitum.]

e.

vevijyate

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Pres. [2.]

k.+

etc.

etc. v.

vikthas

vikta

I'Y

vij, 'tremble".

V
Pres. [G.]

vid

[2

+ (avidus

[6.]

b.,

-dan

c.

vidam

vidati-teetc. av.v.k. +

v.+,

vidre

rv.

viveda

etc. c.

vidam cakara

etc.

B.U.S.

Aor.

[1.

avedi.

3.

vidam akran

avividat.

4.

avaitv

c.

5.

avedit

etc.

b.+

b.

vedisyati -te etc. b.u. (avedisyat u.); vetsyati -te etc. e. +

2. vedita cb., vetta e.
Verb, vidita av. + veditum b. +, -tos b., vettum e. viditva b.+
[Int. vevid-.
] Desid. vividisati etc. b. +.
See. Conj.
Pass, vidyate c.
Caus. vedayate -ti etc. v.+ (vedyate etc. e. +
vivitsati etc. c.

Fut.

1.

vivedayisaDeriv.: vid v. +
-vida B.+

veda
vedaka

e.

vedin

vedana b. +
vedaniya e. +
-vedi

V.+

vedya
vedya
See

b.

in d.)

veditavya b. +
vidatha v.b.
vidya v. +
vidmian v.
vidura e. +
vidvan av.
vidvala v.

B.

vidu(^sO RV.
vitti

c.

v.+

vettr U.+

ev.c.

veditr

v.

vivitsa

B.

vivitsu E. +
vividisa c.
vividisu c.

vedayitr c.
vivedayisu

k.

2 vid.

2 vid,

'find'.

vidre v.b.,
c.
vindyatv
vidam 3s. av.b., vidanav.B., vidanav.); vindate (3p.)
vividat rv.) vivide
Perf. viveda vividus etc. v. + [viveditha rv.

Pres. [6.]

vindati -te

etc.

v.+

[2.]

vitte

etc. v.b.

(vide

3s. v.b.,
e..

etc. v.B.s.

Aor.

2. avidat -data
avedi vedi rv.
videt -deta etc. v.b.s., videsta av.)
1.

etc. v.b.s.

[3.

(vidasi

avividat.

etc.

] 4.

vidat
avitsi

etc.

v.b.

Roots, Verb-forms,

2 vid]

FuL

160

2. vetta.]
vetsyati -te etc. b. + [vedisyati.
vittaA. +, vinnaAv. + vettum e., vettave av.,

1.

Verb.

jB.

vittva

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

-vedin

v.

+
+

vide

-ti etc. e.

etc. b.

c.

veduka

c.

-tavai'.'TB., -tos

rv.

Caw.*,

vedyas. +
vedanav.+
-vedanlya c.
vedas v.+

-vid v.+

-vidya V.
-veda V.+

-vedaka

b.

Desid. vivitsati

Rv.
Deriv.

-vidya
vidyate etc.

Av.B.

b.

Int.

vevidat -dana

vedayati

etc.

etc. e.

vittiAv.+

vidayya

-vettavya c.
-vettrE.+
vedistha kv.
vediyas rv.

-vindaB.
-vindu t.b.
-vindaka c.

Doubtless originally the same with the preceding

root.

kv.

-vivitsu?

e.

In some of their

meanings, the two are so close together as hardly to he separable; and there are

Veda down,

instances, from the

of exchanges of form

vidh, 'worship'.

vidhati etc. v.b.u.c, -te

vedhas v. +

Pres. [6.]

Deriv.

etc.

rv.

2 vidh, see

y vindh,
Pres. [6.]

Derfy.;

vindhate

vidhu

etc.

vepate

vivipre

vidliavav.+

etc.

vepus

rv.,

vipana

v.+, -ti

rv.

1.

[Fut.

vepisyate, vepita.]

Sec. Conj.: Cans,

V.

3.

.'

vepayati

vip v.
vipana- ?
vipas-

etc. e.

etc. v.

vepa

v.

-vepin

rv.

Pres. [6.]

[vivepe.]

c.

etc.

rv.

5.

vipayanti

avepista

vepana v. +
vepas rv.

+
c.

vi^ati -te

etc.

vive9a vivi9e

etc. b.s.

rv.

y
Perf.

vidliviraE.+

vep, 'tremble'.

avivipat

Aor.

'lack'.

body of forms of not unquestionable connection.

Pres. [1.]

Deriv.

vyadh.

rv.

V.+

]/ vip,

Perf.

between them.

vepathu av.+
vepistha rv.
vipra v. +

vi9, 'enter'.

v.+

etc.

v.+ (vive9itha rv.. vivecjus rv.. vive9atus c,

-vi9ivans av., vivi9yas v.. avive9is rv.)

4. aviks3. avivl9at c.
[vi9yat;] ave9i c.
Aor. 1. avi9ranRv.
7. aviksat -san b.c. [aviksata.]
5. ve9it rv.
mahi etc. rv.
2. vesta m.
Fut. 1. veksyati etc. b.+, -te etc. e.
Verb, vista v. + vettum e. +. -tavai b. -vi9ya av. + vi9am rv.
;

AND Primary Derivatives.

161
Sec. Conj.

i>er<(;.:

vi9yate

Pass.

etc. c.

Cans. ve9ayati

E.+

V19 V.+

] Desid. viviksati
(ve^yate etc s. +
ve(janav.+
vestavyaK.+
-ve9aniya c.
-vestr c

v,+, -te etc av.+

etc.

-vegaka c.
ve9ins.+

-vi9aB.+

ve9av.+

ve9yav.+
vi9anaE.+

ve9i Rv.

etc.

ve9anta v.k.
ve9a8 av.
-visti

veviq-.

[Int.

[vT

ve9manv.+
viviksuE. +
-ve9ayitavya

s.

c.

vis, 'be active'.

vivesti etc ev. (vives vivesas etc. rv.) [1.] vesati etc. rv.e.
vivesa vivisus rv. (avivesis rv.)
Aor. 1? viddhi av.b.s.
[2. avisat.
]
vesisas rv. [ 7. avikaat.J
Fut. 1. veksyati -te etc. e. + [
2. vesta.]
Pres. [3. J

Perf.

vista

Verb,

Conj.:

Sec.

v.

Pass,

vevisyate
Deriv.

vistvi rv.

visyate

-visya

b.

;>.

av.b.
Int.

-vise rv.

vevesti

-vis? Rv.

visav.H-

-vesaka B.+

vesanav.+
vesana rv.

-vesin

visay a

visti

visa ?

V.

Desid.

-vesya

c.

av.b.s.

Divided by Grassmann into two

y vist,

{in d.).

v.

Caus.

e.

vevisana

v.n.,

etc.

viviksavesaAV. +

jub.

rv.,

veaayati etc b.+

-vestavya c.
-ves^rAv. +

visnu

'?

v.

-viviksu

+
e.

roots.

vest, 'wrap'.

vestate etc. av. +

etc. viveste
avivestat avavestat, avestista

Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

vestisyate, vest-

ita.]
Verb,

vistita

v.b.

Conj.: [Int. vevest-.

Sec.

AV. +, -te etc B.

Deriv.

vyana

vivaya vivye

[Aor.

etc.

vestayati

etc.

+)

-vestitr

u.

c.

(vihi rv.

viyantu

ts.

vema

vs.),

rv.

avivayat, avaisit; vesyati, veta.]

vita

v.b.

veviran
veveti

vapayati.]
Desid. vivisa-. Caus. vayayati,

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

yate

Caus.

VI, 'enjoy' etc.

v.b.

etc.

rv.

Perf.

Verb,

s.

-vestaniya

veti vyanti

[2.]

etc. b.

vestana

vesta s. +
vestaka s. +

y
Pres.

Desid. vivestisa-.

+ (vestyate

rv.

viyate

Deriv.: VI y.+

etc.

av.b.

vaya

rv.

vayya?RV.
vayas v. +
-vaya av.
Whitney, Supplement 11.
-viya RV.

rv.,

Int.

vayu?

v.b.

vayuna

v.+

ts..

vevi-

vetrav k.+
viravv.+

viti v.b.
11

Roots, Verb-fokms,

VI]

A very

perplexing root in

meaning

varieties of

its

162
;

three roots (on different lines) by BR. and Grassmann.

grammarians

as filling

up the conjugation of

V
Pres. [1.] vijati

vivyajus

Perf.

Derju.;

vijana

vyajate?

c.

etc.

e.+ (vijyate

e.

>/

+ vi.

aj

'make strong.

]/ vid,

vidu

Deriv.

vidayati -te

Cans,

+)

vyaj ana e.+

c.

Perhaps from

Sec. Conj.

'fan'.

e.

Cans, vijayati

Sec. Conj.:

by the

It is treated

aj.

e.

-te

etc. e. +,

vyaj,

vlj,

}/

divided into two or

etc. v.b.s.

v.b.

vr, 'cover',

vrnoti vrnute etc. \.+ (vrnvate rv.); iirnoti (urnvanti urnuvanti) iirnute (urnvita urnuvital etc. v.+ (lirnauti cb.s.)
[9.]
avrnldhvam av.
[l.J varati -te etc. (aor. 1?) rv.c'.
Perf. vavara vavrus vavre etc. v. + [vavartha rv. [vavaritha, vavrma
Pres. [5.]

vavrivans vavavrusas rv.) [iirnunava.]

avar avran etc. (vara? vartam rv., vrdhi rv.) [vriyat], avrta v.
(vrana rv.); avari rv.
3. avivarat av., avavaritv rv.
4. var-

etc.].

Aor.

1.

sathas rv.

5.

avarit

[Fut.

varisyati, varita.]

Verb,

vrta

V.B.,

v.

-tvi

vartum

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

-tvaya
vriyate e.

b.

vovur-, vevri-.
(varyate etc. e. +
Deriv. varv RV.
vara v. +

-varaka

e.

uv.,

varitum c. varitum
urnutya c.

-vrtya
Int. avarivar

Desid. vivarisa-.]

vivarayisate

uru
Vft

V.B.
V.

Cans,

varna v.+
varuna v. +
urna v.+

vara v. +
varaka e. +

varman

varya v, +
varana v. +
-varanlya e. +

V.

-varltr

iirmi? v.+

varana v. +
varana av.+
varaniya c.
urana v. +

variitr

varas rv.
uras V.+

variitha

See the following

artificially

As

c.

v.

Qrva

varsman

etc.,

The present-stem
see under

v.b.s.

urnu

vrs.

is

c.

-ixrnavana

vavra

c'.

v.

vavri v.
-varayisnu t,.
vivarayisu e.
varayitavyaE.

V.B.

provided with a complete set of forms, as

to

v.

-varin

variyas v.b.
varivas v.+
varistha v.+
ulba ? V, +

v.b.

vartra v.b.s.
vrtra v. +
varatra v.+

root.

vrtva

varivrta ta. [varvr-,

varayati -te etc. v. +

rv.,

variman

V.

b.)

V.+

vrti

-vartu RV.
vartr rv.

"?

c.

av.+,

RV.

v.ala

ura?
vrav

stem.

[avarista ; aurnavit.]

vartave

e.,

RV.,

etc. b.

by the grammarians

if a root

or conjugation-

AND Primary Derivatives.

163

y
vrnite

Pres. [9.]

vavre

Perf.

Aor.

1.

2 vr, 'choose'.

vrnati

v.+.

etc. e.

vavrmahe

rv.

o.

vrnoti vrnute

etc. v. + (vurita v.n., urana rv.), varas etc. varanta

avrsi -sata etc. av.k.u. [avrdhvam u.) [
5. avaris^a.J
varisyate b. [varisyate.
2. varita.]

4.

1.

etc. u.k.

avri avrta

RV.

Fut.

etc.

v.+ (vavrae

etc.

[vrj

vrta

varltum

[varitum; varitva,] varitva .s.. vrtva 8.

[Int. vevr-, varvr-, vovur-.
Desid.
vivarisa-, vovursa-.
] Cans, varayati -te etc k. + (varyate h.);
varayati e.
Deriv
vara v. +
-varya n. b.
varenya v. +
varya v. +
vara v. +
-vurya v.s.
varas- rv.
-varana e. +
varaka s.
varana s.+
vrtha, -thak v. varistha v. +
varya e. +
varaniya u.c.
vara v. +
variyas u.+
varayitavya b.
Verb,

Sec. Conj.

v. +

vriyate

Pass,

c.

s.c.

Doubtless ultimately the same with the preceding; and the forms

a little

mixed up.

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.
Verb,

vrnliati

etc. e.

vrnh, brnh,

'roar'.

vavrnhire c.
vrnhita e. +

vrj, 'twist'.

vrnakti vrnkte etc. (vrktamv m1.)

vavrjus
etc. rv. (vavrjyiis vavrktam rv.. -varjusi av.1. vavrje ev.
Perf.
Aor. 1. vark etc. kv. (varktam avrjan varjati vrjyam etc. rv.. avrk .\v.),
avarksis r.,
]
avrkta rv, (varjate rv.)
[3. avavarjat.
v.u.
7. avrksat etc.
avrksmahi etc. v.b.
Fut. 1. varksyati -te b. [varjisyati. 2. varjita.]
yer6. vrkta V. +
vrktviRv. -vfjyaB.s.; -vrje vrnjase vrjadhyai rv.
Pres. [".]

-J.

-vargam
Sec.

v.s.

Int. varivrjat rv. [varvrj-.J

vrjyate etc. v.b.s.
Desid. vivrksate e.
Caws, varjayati etc. av.+, -te etc. E. + (varjyate
etc. E. +
varivarjayant av.)

Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

-vrj v.

varjaka

tirj etc.?

varjin e.+

varjya e.+
vraja v. +
vraja v.

V.+

varga v. +
-vargya av. +
-varja s.+

-vfjya

e.

vrnjana

s.+

vrj ana rv.

vrjina

vrjani

-vrkti

vrj ana

v.

v.

varjana b.+
varjaniya b.+

v.

v.K.

varjayitavya
varjayitr

v.E.s.

11

e.

c.

Roots, Vebb-forms,

vrt]

164

vrt, 'turn'.

vartate etc v.+. -ti etc. u. +

[3.] vavartti vavrtyam etc.
-tiya etc. -tsva etc. avavrtran -ranta vavartat -tati vavrtat v.b.

Pres. [l.J

vartti rv'.

[2.]

vavarta vavrtus etc. v. + (vavarta -vrtus v.), vavrte etc. u.+

(vavrte v.)
Aor. 1. avart etc. (^vartat vartta) ev. avrtran v.b.
2. avrtat etc.
Av.B.c.
3. avivrtat etc. v. [avavartat.]
4. avrtsan c'., avrtsata
v.B.s.
5. vartithas m.
Fut. 1. vartsyati etc. av.+ [avartsyat b.), -te etc. e. +: vartisyati -te etc.
E.+
2. vartita b.
Fer6. vrtta V. +
vartitumE. + -vrtya v. + -vfteRv. -vrtasB.; -varPerf.

tam

B.+

Int. varvartti etc. varvrtana v. varivartti etc. v.b. (avarivur

Desid. vivrtsati etc. v., -tes. [vivartisa-.]
varivrtyate b.
Cans, vartayati -te etc. v. + (vartayadhyai rv. vartyate etc. b. +)
Deriv.
vrata v. +
varti e.+
vratati v. +
vrt v. +
vrata av.
vartis rv.
vrta RV.
vartman v. +
-varta v. +
vartana v. +
vrtti b. +
varivrta av.
v.
v.
e.
vartaka + vartaniya + varttu +
-vivrtsu c.
vartin v. +
vartani v.b.u. -varttavya e.
-vartayitavya e.+
-vartya e. + vartas vs.
vartitavya e.+ -vartayitr c.
-vartitr v. +

Sec. Conj.

Kv.},

Contracted in one or two forms with

y
vardhati

Pres. [1.]

-te

anu

anvart

to

see

rt

vrdh, 'grow'.

etc. v.

vavrdhe etc. v.; vavrdhati -dhithas -dhasva etc. rv., -dhete av., vavrdhant v.)
Aor. 2. avrdhat etc. v.b.s. (vrdhatas vrdhatu b., vrdhant v., vrdhana

vavardha vavrdhe

Perf.

etc.

v.+ (vavrdhus

etc.

avardhista

etc.

vrddha v. + vardhitum c. [vardhitva, vrddhva;] vrdhe

vrdhase rv., vavrdhadhyai rv.

v.,

RV.)

3.

avivrdhat

E.+ (vardhisimahi
Fut.

1.

vartsyati

Fcr6.

v.+,

[^Int.

vardhayati

etc. v.b.s.

5.

2.

vardhita.]

varivrdh-.
-te

-dhata

[vardhisyate.

Sec. Conj.

Derio,

c.

etc.

b.s.)

etc.

Desid. vivrtsa-

v.+ (vivardhayisa in

vivardhisa-.

d.);

vardhapayati

c.

vardhisnu

c.

Caus.

vf dh

V.

vardhana v. +
vardhaniya e. +
vrdhas rv.
vrdhika rv.

vrdha v. +
vardha v. +
-vardhaka c.
vardhin e.+
vrddhi

v.

vardhitr

rv.

vardhman

c.

varddhra?

av.b.

vardhayitr c.
vivardhayisu

rv.

vardhapana

iirdhva

v.

vrdhasana

vavrdhenya

rv.

c.

e.

AND Primary Derivatives.

165
Compare
string) rests

]/

rdh.

on

a too

The

asserted

vrdh

narrow foundation

'cut'

(used only of the navel-

be admitted

to

\QU.

it is

probably a spe-

cialized application of this root.

y
varsati

Pres. [1.]

etc. v. +,

-te

vrs, 'rain.
e.+

etc.

[6.j

vavarsa vavrsus etc. e.+ (vavarsus

etc. E. (vavrsana -sasva rv.)

Perf.

vraate

e..

vrsant-

etc. rv.s..

vavarsvans

av.

vavrse

ms.),

3. avivrsat etc. e. [avavarsat.]

avrsat? ts.
5. avarsit etc. v.h.
varsisyati etc. b.u., -te e.
2. vrasta ms.
Vcr6. vrsta V. +
varsitum c, -varstos n. [varsitva,] vrstva h., -tvl
Rv. -vrsya c.

Aor.

2.

Fut.

1.

Conj.: [Int. varivrs-.

JSec.

yati

etc. v.

v.B.s.

etc.

varsman

from

varsvika
vrstiv.

]/ 2

b.

vrsan
vrsni

1.

7er&.

varhi bv.

etc. v.b.u.s.
v.

avivrhat, avavarhat.

[3.

5.

barhis

-it rv.

Caus.

-vrha +
barha, va- av.+
s.

Compare

]/

b.

vrhyate

vivarhisa-.
:

etc.

etc.

e.

of

ven,

b.u.s.

rv.

vena

7.

-vrhasK.

(varhita

barhana, vaand

Desid.

vivrksa-,

c.)

av.

barhis

.'

v.+

goes back to the oldest time.

'long'.

etc. v.b.

vivena -ne; avivenat, avenit -nista; venisyati

veven-, vivenisa-, venaya-.]

:

[/nL varivrh-.

barhayati

brh. The confusion

venati

etc.

b.

barhin, va-

y
Pres. [1.]

etc. b.

Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

v.+

vrh, brh, 'tear.

[Perf.

pr).

-varham -barham

Deriv.

v.

vrsabha

e.

varksyati, varhisyati; vardha, varhita.]

vrdha brdha B.s. [vrdhva, varhitva;] -vrhya

[Fut.

v.

vavarha babarha vavrhus

avrksat

Sec.

varstr b.
varsitr c.
vivarsisu

of

vrhati brhati

Pres. [6.]

Aor,

varsa-

Ca..

v. +,

y
Perf.

d.).

vrsan etc. with this root is questionable and yet more

varsiman vs., varsiyas v.+, varsistha v. +. all of
may come from an aoristically extended form of }/ 1 vr (like parsistha

The connection
which

Desid. vivarsisa- (_m

varsya v.b.s.
varsanas. +

varsav. +
varsins.+
that of

Deriv.: -vrs v. +

vrsa-

v.b.

venya

rv.

-te,

venita;

Roots, Vekb-forms,

veil]

y
Pres. [l.J vellati etc.
Verb,

vellita

Beriv.

e.

vellana

166

veil, 'stagger.

c.

+
c.

vest, see

y vyae,

vist.

vie, 'extend'.

viviktas vivyacat avivyak aviviktam avivyacus

Pres. [3.]

vyacanta
Perf. vivyaca

rv.

etc.

vi-

vicati.]

6.

vivyaktha

viveca? av. [vivicus.]

[Aor. etc. vicyat avyaci, avivyacat, avyacit; vyacisyati, vyacita
vicita; vicita, vicitva; vevic- vavyae-, vivyacisa-, vyacaya-.]
Deriv.: vyacas v.b.s.
vyacistha v.b.
vici? v.
Has

v.b.,

kv.

a very suspicious likeness to

+ vi.

anc, ac

vyaj,

vyath, 'waver'.

see y' vlj.

vyathate etc. v.+, -ti etc. e.+

vivyathe e. +, -thus e.
] 3. vivyathas b.
[1. avyathi.

Pres. [1.]
Perf.

Aor.

sat

vyathisi

5.

vyathi-

av.+,

etc.

B.

vyathisyate, vyathita.]
Verb, vyathita av. + vyathisyai b.s.
Desid. vivyathisa-.
[Int. vavyath-.
] Cans, vyathayati
Sec. Conj.
vyathyate c.)
etc. V. + (vyathayis av.
vyathanaE.+
Deriv..- vyatha b.+
vyathis ev.
vyathayitr c.
vyathi v.
-vyatha b.
vyathaka c.
vithura v.b.s.
-vyathya V.B. vyathi ?av.
[Fut.

y
Pres. [4.]

vidhyati

vivyadha
vyadhe e.

Per/",

[1.

Fut.

1.

Sec.

etc.

viddha
Conj.:

v.

Pass,

vivyatsati
etc. e.

B.

v,+, -te

] 3.

e.

e.,

avividhat

vividhus

vidhyate
Caus.

e.

u.,

vividhvans

[avivyadhat.]

rv.

vi-

vyatsis b.
2. veddha e. [vyaddha.]
viddhva e. -vidhya e. + -vidhe rv.
e.

[vyatsyati.]

veddhum

'pierce'.

e.

vivyadhus

vidhyat.
vetsyati -te

Aor.

Verb,

B.

vyadh, vidh,

4.

-,

vavyadh-, vevidh-.
] Desid.
vyadhayati b. vyadhayati c. vedhayati
e.

[Int.

167

Primary Derivatives.

A.ND

Deriv.

-vidh

vedhin

v.

-vidhya

vedha e. +
vedhaka t..+

etc.

[Perf.
Verb,

vyayati

-te

veddhavya

v.

veddhrE. +
-vedhima

c-.

vyadhvara.'

av.

etc. c.

vavyaya vavyaye

vyayita

vyadha av. +
vyadhin av.h.
-vyadhya av.
vedhana e. +
vyadhana av.c.

vyay, 'expend'.

y
Pres. [1.]

k.

vedhya c.
vyadha c.
vyadhya c.

E.

ivran

etc. etc.]

c.

Is only a conjugation of }/ i -f- vi, or

denominative of vyaya.

vya, VI, 'envelop'.

vyayati -te etc. v.

vivyathus ev., vivye etc. rv. [vivyaya vivyayitha etc.\; -vyayam
cakara cb.
4. avyasta, vya] 2. avyat etc. rv., avyata etc. v. [
[1. viyat.

Pres. [4?]
Perf.

Aor.

sista.

Fut.
Verb,

Sec.

avyasit.]

6.

2. vyata.]
[vyasyati -te;] vyayisye s. [
V. +; -viya e.s.c. [-vyaya.]
Int. vavya-, vevi-.
Conj.: Pass, viyate b. [
Cans, vyayaya-.]
1.

vita

-vyaya

Deriv.: -vi y.+

'

Pres. [1.]
Perf.

vrajati

vavraja

Verb,

vrajita

b.

Sec. Corhj.: Pass,

d.).

-vrajya

b.

b.s.

vraj, 'proceed'.
c.

etc. b.u.

vrajisyati

1.

v.+, -te

-vyayana

etc. b.

vrajitum

vrajyate

Caus. vrajayati

c.

vrajita.]

2.
e.

etc.

vrajitva
[Int.

-vrajav. +

-vrajya E.+

s.

vavraj-.

b.+ (vrajyate

vrajya e.+

Deriv.: -vraj E.+

-vrajam

y
avradanta
vrandin ev.

Pres. [1.]

Desid. vivrajisa- (in

-vrajaka e.+
-vrajinB.+

vrad, vrand, 'weaken'.

rv'.

y
Pres. [1.]

Deriv.

vranati

vrana

No

e.

vran, "sound'

(?).

c.

real root; the single occurrence artificial.

s.

e.)

vrajana v.+
-vrajana e.
-vivrajisu

Deriv,

etc. v.

Aor. 5. avrajit
Fut.

etc.

Desid. vivyasa-.

c.

-vyana

b.s.

c.

Roots, Verb-fokms,

vra9c]

168

vra9e, 'cut up'.

]/

Pres. [6.] vrijcati etc. v.b.s.c.

vra9cati?

[1.]

c.

[vavragca vavraQCUs] vavrktam? ev.

5. avraqcit.]
] 4. [avraksit] vrksi b.s. [
Aor. [3. avivra9cat.
2. vraqcita, vrasta.]
Fut. 1. vraksyant cb.? [vraqcisyati.
[vraQcitva,] vrstva av., vrktvi rv. -vrcjcya s.c;
Verb, vrkna v. +
-vra9cain b.s.
Int. varivrQC-.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, vrqcy ate etc. v.b. (vrqcate av.) [
Perf.

Desid. vivraqcisa-, vivraksa-.

Derjy.;

-vraqca
-vraska

vfka? V.+
vrqcikav. +

y
Pres. [1.]

-vraskya

b.

s.

vra9canav.+
vrksavv. +

v.b.s.

vradh,

vradhanta vradhant

Caus. vra^caya-.]

'stir

up'.

ev.

vrld, 'be abashed'.

vridate etc. e.+

[4. vridyati.]
etc. vivrida; avridit; vridisyati, vridita.J

Pre.'. [1.]

[Perf.

vridita e.+

Verb,

vridayati

Sec. Conj.: Caus.

Deriv.

vrida

e.

c.

vridana

c.

y vrud,
vrudati etc. etc.]
Verb, vrudita c.
The occurrence or two are doubtless

sink'.

[Pres. etc.

y
Verb,

Deriv.

artificial.

vlag, vlang, 'pursue'

-vlagya kv-.
-vlanga ev.

Only with abhi. Perhaps related with

y
Pres. [9.]
[Perf.

vlinati

etc. b.

]/

valg.

vli, bli, 'crush'.

vlinati

2.

vleta.j

etc. cb.

vivlaya.J

Aor.

4.

vlesis

Fut.

1.

vlesyati

Fer6.

(?)

vlina

Sec. Conj.:

b.,

b. [

blina av. -vliya b.

vliyate etc. b.u. (bliya-

Pass,

avevliyeran

avivlipat.]
Desid. vivlisa-. Caus. vlepayati,

vliyanta b. [
-vlaya b.s.

Deriv.:

s.

vlayana

b.

ab.)

k..

vrayas?

ev.

Int.

169

AND Primaky Derivatives.

9ans,

y
Qansati -te

Pres. [1.]

Perf.

9a9ansa

Aor.

1.

gasta

9ak

'praise'.

v.+ (9ansiyat c'.)

+ (gansus -sire e.1

etc.

-se

etc. a.

(2;).)

rv..

gastat

a.

[gasyat;] gaiisi

iiv,

agansit etc. v.+ (^gansisat etc. v.b.)

Fut. 1. gansisyati is.s. [
2. gansita.]
Ver&. gasta v. +
gansita e. + gansitum k.
gastva
sat.

agagafi-

\'-i.

] 5.

-gansya

e.

-gase rv.

B.

-gansam

gasyate etc. v.+

[Int. gagas-, gagans-.
sisa-.
] Cans, gansayati etc. v.+, -te c.
Deriv.
v.b,
-gas V.B.
gansa v. +
gansaniya c.
V.
-gas
gansa b. +
-gansu s.
-gasa b.
-gansaka e.
-gansuka b.
gasa rv.
gansin v.+
gasti V. +
gasya v. +
gansya v.+
-gastenya n.
Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Compare the

related

gaknoti -nuvanti

Perf.

gagaka gekus

Aor.

1.

Fut.

ganstavya

gigan-

Detfid.

gansitr

e.

e.

gafistr v.b.

gastra

b.

gansatha

gasman

k.e.

s.

rv.

able'.

v.+

etc.

gakyam v.

etc.

u.)

3.

2.

agakat

etc.

v.+ (gake-

aglgakat.]

gaksyati -te etc. b.+ [

2. gakta.]
gakta e. +, gakita e. + -gaktave rv.

1.

Verb,

+,

etc. v.

gakemahi

etc. v.b.s.,

9ak, 'be

gagdhi gaktam gakat

yam

s.

gas.

y
Pres. [5.]

e.

-gasya

-gastavya

gansana

n.s.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

giksati -te

gakyate
etc. v.

yati -te etc e.+)

Deriv.

-gaka

etc.

e.+,

-ti etc. e.

+ (giksana

gakya u.s.+
gaka v.
gaka rv.
gaki? RV.
gaci V. +
gaei? rv.

v.

c.

gikva

gagak-.

giksyate

etc. c.

Desid.

giksa-

gakvan

gakti rv.

giksaka

av.

-giksin

v.b.s.

gakman
gakman

rv.

gikvan

rv.

-gikman

ms.

gikvas rv.
gacistha v.b.s.
giksa v.+
giksa B.+

gagma
gakra

v.b.s.

v.

The desiderative giks has won

gak

gigiksa

might well enough have been treated

divide

[Int.

gakayati.

Caus.

gakti

rv.

e.

(and giks) into two

e.

c.

giksana c.
giksaniya c.
giksenya s.
giksu rv.
giksuka gb.

v.b.

a so

independent use and value that

(like

bhaks

roots,

the second

etc.) as a

separate root.

meaning

it

BR.

'help',

but favor

this or

any other

their nltimate identity.

There are other groups of words, not connectable with

verbal root:

gakrt

v.

thus,

gakvma, gakuni, gakunta, gakunti

ganku

v.+,

gakti (spear') e.+

v.

gaka, gakan,

Roots, Verb-forms,

^ank]

9ank,

y
Pres. [1.]

9ankate

170

'doubt'.

-ti etc. b.

etc. n. +,

[Perf. 9a9anke.]
Aor.-6. Qankis gankisthas e.+ (qankithas

e.)

qankisyate, 9ankita.]
Verb, qankita e. + (jankitum e. + -qaiikya c.
Cans. 9ankayati
Pass, (jankyate etc. c.
Sec. Conj.
QankanaE.?
-Qankyas.+
Deriv.
(jankaB.+
[Fut.

c.

9ankitavya

9ankin

e.

9ankaniya

y
Sec. Conj,

Deriv.:

Caus. 9atayati

9ata

etc.

y
9a9adus

uv.

av. +, -te b.

9atana

c.

Called by the grammarians the causative of

Perf.

e.

cat, 'cut in pieces'.

9atin

c.

e.

cad,

9a9admahe

e.

c.

2 9ad.

}/

'prevail'.

(9a9adana)

etc.

9atayitr

v.

Derio. 9atru'.' v.+

y
Perf.

9a9ada 9edus

2 9ad, 'fair.

e.

[Aor. 2. a9adat.]
Fut.

9atsyati av.

1.

9anna

Verb.

9ada

Compare
and

sative,

2.

9atta.]

s.

9a9ad-.

[Sec. Conj.: Int.

Deriv.

9ada

av.b.s.
]/
1

Desid. 9i9atsa-.

Perf.

Caus. 9adaya-.J

9adana

v.b.

9at, assigned by the grammarians

91, regarded by them as

y
9apati

Pres. [1.]

etc.

9a9apa 9epus

Aor. [3. a9i9apat.

v.+, -te

to this root as another cau-

present-system.

9ap, 'curse'.
b.+

etc.

9epe etc.
9apta (2p.)

av.+,
] 4.

its

c.

[9apsyati -te.

4.

9apyati

-te.]

v.+
b.s.

[a9apta.]

9apisye
9apta b.+, 9apita e. 9apituinE., 9aptuinE. [9aptva,] 9apitvaE.
Desid. 9i9apsa-.
[Int. 9a9ap-, 9an9ap-.
Sec. Conj. Pass. 9apyate c.
Caus. 9apayati etc. av.+
9apatha v. +
Deriv.
9aptr av.
9apana av.
9apa e. +
Fut.

e.

1.

Verb.

9apana

9apta.]

2.

cb.


AND Primaky Derivatives.

171

gamant sv.
qamniae -isva

Pres. [1.]

(jimyati
Aor.

a9amisthas
9amita e.

Deriv.

(9a9amate

v.b.

qkinsi rv.

9ima

9iini b.

V.B.

Compare the two following

y
9amyati

etc.

Perf.

9a9ama 9emus

Aor.

[1.

Verb.

(jamyati

[4. J

[9.J

etc.

b.,

rv.)

9ainitr

b.

s.

roots.

9am,

'be quiet'.

b.+, -te etc. b.+

b.

9amistha

v.b.

9ainet

[1.]

e.

9amyat; a9ami.

2.

a9amat

b.

3.

a9i9amat

etc.

av.+

a9ainit.]

5.

[Fut.

iiv.?

rv.

9ami

Pres. [4.]

qcaninan

b.;

h.s.

etc. b.

5.

Verb.

'labor'.

9ami8va 9amisva 9amidhvam

[2.]

-ithas

9a9ame -mana

Perf.

cam, 9im,

|/

[qa.<f

9amisyati; 9aiaita.]
9amta av. + [9amitva, 9aihtva.]

Desid. 9i9aniisa-.
9an9ain-.
] Caus. 9ainayati av.+,
+ 9aniayati etc. e. + (9aniyate e.+}
Deriv.: 9ani?v.+
-9amaka c.
9amti- av.
9ainatha c.
Sec. Conj.: [Int.

-te

etc. B.

9amyaE.+
9amana av. +
9amaniya s. +

9ainaB.+

9amin

c.

9airiti av.+

9amitr

e.

9amayitavya
9amayitr s. +

s.

Protatly ultimately the same with the preceding.

y
Perf.

9emuBiv

Verb.

-9aihta

s.

-9amya

e.+

-9arQyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass.

yate e.)
-9ainana

Deriv.

3 earn, 'note'.

c.

s.

etc.

e.

-9amaya

Caus. -9ainayati

-9amayitavya c.
9emu8l; hence

c.

Only with prefix ni-, except in the strange

specialization from

the preceding root,

meaning

'settle

the like.

y
Pres. [l.J

-9alant

9al, 'leap'.

c.

[Perf. etc. qele, a9alista,

9alisyate 9alita.J

Verb. -9alita c.

Only with prefix ud, and prohably from

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

etc.

9a9ati

9a9,

etc.

qri, qr.

'leap'.

etc. c.

9a9a9a 9a9a9us, a9a9it, 9a9iByati

9a9ita.]

in

e.+ (-9am-

obviously a

one's mind',

or

Roots, Verb-forms,

9a9]
ga9ita

Verb.

172

c.

qaqa v.+

Deriv.

Doubtless a denominative formation from qaqk. Only two or three occurrences.

y
Pres. [2.]

Qasta

(2p.) rv.

gasti

gasatha s., gasanti

gaqasa [gagasus] e.

[].]

Perf.

Fut.

eas, eas,

qasati -atu

e.s.,

agasat

b.,

'cut'.
(3f>.) b.,

agat

(3s.) b.

c.

gasisyati b. [ 2. cjasita.]
gasta e. -gasya e. -gasas b.

1.

Verb,

gasyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

etc. b.

qasana

9asa

Av.B.s.

9asitrB.+

Pres. [3.] gigati

ea,

gastr

v.

v.

s.

-gastr

gastraB. +

b.s.

-giqasisu

b.

'sharpen'.

ci,

giQimasi gigite

qyana

etc. V.B.S.,

etc.

v.+ (Qiganti -ntu

s.)

gyati

[6?]

b.s.

-gagana

Perf. [qaqaxL]
1.

Desid. gigasisant

b.

Aor.

-gas

av.

agita? rv. [aqat; gayat.

6.

agasit.]

[Fm. gasyati, gata.J

gata

+ -qaya v.
Conj.: Pass. gaya-.
Int. gaga-.

qita

Verb,
[Sec.

v. +,

e.

Desid. giqasa-, qlqanaa-.

Cans, gayaya-.]
Deriv.

-gana

Qana?

b.s.

y
Pres. [2.]

gasti gasati

etc.

Perf.

qaqasa qaqasua

Aor.

2.

aQisat

e<c.

with identical forms.

roots,

eas, cis, 'order'.

([gistas

B.+) V.+, gaste gasita

qiqaya, rv.

-giti v.b.

c.

Divided by BR. into two separate

etc.]

gasana

gastana
+

etc. v.

bv.,

[1.]

gisyat

gasati

etc. u.s.

etc.

v.+ (gagadhi qaqaa rv.)

etc.

(Qisant rv.), (jisamahi rv. (-he sv.av.)

v.b.u.

aqsLt

e.+, -te e.

3.

aqaqasat.]
Fut.

1.

Verb.

qasisyati -te

9istav.+, gasta

etc.

9asitva
Sec. Conj.

c.

Pass.

-9is

V.

9asa
9asa

V.

RV.

s.+,

-gisya

2.

gasita.]

9astuni
-9asya e.+

9asitaE. +

b.u.,

9asyate

Desid. 9i9asisa-.

Deriv.: 933 rv.

b.+

+ 9isyate
Caws. 9asaya-.]
etc. e.

9393

-9asaJi3

c.

9asin c.
9asya v.+
9isy3 K. +

Compare the apparently

etc. c.

rv.

related root

s.+,

9asituinE. +

[9istva,]

[Int. 93.93.8-, 9e9is-.

gasanav. +
93S3niya c.
9asus rv.

gastrv.

9asti

9astra

9ans.

c.

-9isti v.b.s.

9asitr

e.

v.

ANB Primary DERivATiviis.

173

2 9as, 'cut', see

ot

ni

938.

eiks, see y 9ak.

y
The occurrences

[1

9ingh,

ucehinghana

'snuflF'.

upaQinhana

and

in uvr. are doubt-

less artificial.

y
qinjate

Pres. [2.] 9ifikte

[Perf.

9inj, 'twang,

Qinjant

etc. v. +,

9i9mje; a9mjista; 9injisyate,

etc.

c.

9injita.|

Verb. 9injita e.+

Sec. Conj.

9mjayati

Caus.

Deriv.: 9injin

etc. b.s.

9mjara'.' nv. (n. pr.)

c.

Probably an imitative

root.

y
Such a

9ip, 'be smooth'

may possibly be inferred from 9ipi

root

cim,

Pres. [7.]

9inasti

Perf. 9i9ise

Aor.

Fut.

1.

Verb.

etc.

etc. b.

b.+

3.

9eksyati -te
+

b. [

2.

-9istva

s.

Pass.

9isyate

etc.

Caus. 9esayati

av., 9ipita cb.

9am.

9is, 'leave'.

2.

etc. b.s.

a9isat

[1.]

9esant

c'.

(-qisat ev.). 9isatai av.

etc. v.b.

etc. e. +,

9esta.]

-9isya

av.+
-te

9iyate

-9ayana

e.

b.

-9esain

[Int.

etc. av.b.u.s.

s.

96918-.

(9esyate

9esaB.+
-9esakaE. +

c.

y
Deriv.

[6?] 9ifisati

v.

Deriv.: -9isa

Pres. [4?]

9ipra

a9i9isat.]

9ista

Sec. Conj.:

see

v.+,

[9i9esa.]

9esi av.b.s. [9isyat.]

1.

(?).

DesUl. 9i9iksa-.

c.)

-9esiii

9esya

c.
c.

9esanaAv.
(jesas v.

91, 'fair.

(9iyante?

cb'.)

c.

Reckoned by the grammarians as present-system to ^ 2 9ad and this is

curiously supported by jb., which has (ii. 81) upa9iyate tasmad upa9adam,
and (ii. 82) ava9iyante tasmac chadah. So far as the meaning is concerned,
;

it

might well be

a specialization of

2 91.

Roots, Verb-foems,

2 91]

y
Pres. [2.]

qete qerate

9ayam
yat

V.B.")

+ (9aye

etc. v.

a9eran

3s. av.,

2 91,

v.b.)

a9ayatam -yata

Perf. qi(}ye -yire b. +

9a9ayana

174

'lie'.
3s.

[1.]

9ere 3j).
9ayate etc. v.+,
v.b..

9ayire

av.b..

-ti etc.

c.

e.+ (a9a-

(3s.) rv.
v.

5. a9ayista etc. \.+

a9ayi.
] 3. a9i9ayat e.
4. 9esan kv'.
9ayisyate -ti b. + 9esyate -ti e.
2. 9ayita u.c. (-tase cb.)
Verb. 9ayita e. + 9ayitum e.
9ayitva u. + -9ayya c. 9ayadhyai rv.
[Int. 9691-, 9a9ay-.
Sec. Conj.: Pass. [9ayyate;J 9iyant m'.
] Desid.

Aor.

[1.

Fut.

1.

9i9ayisate

av. +

)/

^
96cati

Pres. [1.]

9U96ca

Perf.

etc.

etc.

v.+, -te

v.

rv.)

9ukta?

Verl.

90cisyati

1.

3.

etc.

{adj.') b.

9U9ucat

etc.

e.+, -te e.

[4.]

rv..

2.

c.

-9ivan v.b.
9i9ayisu c.

e.

2.

e. +,

9ucyati

b'.

9U9ugdhi

a9ucat

av.b.

9ocitum

-9itha

c.

v.+

etc.

[9ucyasara;] a90ci rv.

raana
Fut.

-9ima v.b.s.
-9eyya v.
9ayalu c.

9UC, 'gleam'.

(-eita RV.)
1.

e.

9ayath.a rv.

(9U9ukvans

-te

-9ayana c.
9ayu v.
9ayitavya

-9ayins. +

9ayana
-9ayaniya

etc. s.+.

9ayya b.+
-9ayaka c.

-9aVB.+
-9ayav. +
9aya rv.
9ayin c.

Cans. 9ayayati

c.

Deriv.: -91 v.b.

Aor.

5.

v.

etc.

90013

v.).

[2.]

90cimi

e'.

9U9ueana

(9ucant

rv.

9uca-

v..

b.

90cita.]

9oktum

m.

9ocitva

e.

[9ucitvaj;

9ucadliyai rv.

969ucan etc. 969ucana etc. v.b. Desid. [9U9UCisa-,

Caus. 90cayati etc. v.+ (9ocyate c);
9U90cisa- ;] 9U9uksa- (m d.)
9ueayant rv.
-9ukvan rv.
96ka V. +
90CI V.
Deriv.
9UC v. +
RV.C.
96cistha rv.
9ucis9oka AV.
9uea Rv.c.
9U9ukvaiia rv.
9uka? V.+
-96eana av.+ 90CIS V. +
s.
9U9ukvani rv.
9ukti
+
AV.
c.
90caniya
-9oea
Sec.

Conj.:

Int.

-90ciii

90cya

c.

e.

y
Sec. Conj.

Int.

9U9ujana

y
Pres. [1.]
[2.]

9oeitavya

-9okas RV.
9uci V. +

9undliati -te

9und(ihi ags.

e.

9ukra v.+
9ukla AV.+

9uj, 'swell'

-9U9uksani
-9oeayisnu

kv.
av.

(?).

rv.

9udh, 9undh,

etc. v.b.s.

[4.]

'purify'.

9udhyati

etc.

b.+. -te

etc.

e.+

AND Primary Derivatives.

175
[Perf.

[^H

9U9odha, 9U9undha; a9udhat, a9U9udhat, a9undhit; 901-

etc.

syati 9undhisyati, 9od(iha 9undhita.]

Verb. 9uddha v.+

DeWv.

[Int.

+ (9odhyate

B.

909udh-.
] DesUl. 9U9Utsat s.
e. +)
9undliayati v.ii.
-9odlia c.
9odliya c.
9odhanas.+

Sec. Conj.

9undhana

9odhaniya

b.

9uddlii

y
96bhate

9odhayati

9Ubh, cumtoh,
v.+ [96bhe

etc.

b.

9undhyu

av,

v.b.

9odhayitavya

c.

c.

'beautify'.

9umbhase
-amana rv.c.

3s. rv.),

-ti etc. e.

etc.
[6.] 9umbhati etc. v.c,
9U9obha 9U9ubhe e.+ [9U9umbha.]
Aor. ]. a9obhi c 9urabhana 9ubhana rv.
[2. a9ubhat.
9ubhan rv., -bhanta b. [ 5. a9obhista, a9umbhit.]

9uinbhati

etc.

9odhakaE.+
9odhin c.

Pres. [1.]

Cans.

etc. v.,

Perf.

-,

Fut.

9obhisyati

1.

Verb.

9ubhita

Sec. Conj.

B.

-9obhin
This root

9ubh

9ubhayati

9umbha

96bhana
9obhana

e.

-te

v.

b.

9ubhvan

b.

9obhatha sv.
9ubhra v. +
9ubhri rv.

e.

etc. v.e.

9umbhu

e.+

-9unibhaka

is,

av. +

rv.

96bhistha
90bhayitr

rv.
c.

9umbhana av.+

with considerable plausibility, divided by BR, into two:

'glide along',

and

y
Pres. [4.]

a9u-

etc.

9ubh v.b.
9ubha E.+
9obha c.
9obh.a

9obhita, 9umbhita.

3.

9obhayati

Caus.
Deriv.

2.

9umbhita av. 9ubhe rv., 9obhase rv.

Desid. 9U9obhisate c. [9U9ubhisa-.
909ubhyate e.

b.,

Int.

[9unibhisyati.

e.

9usyati

etc.

v.+, -te

9ubh
1

cus,

etc.

e.+

'beautify'; the former only in v.e.

'dry'.

9U90sa; a9usat, a9U9usat; 9oksyati, 90sta.]

[Perf.
Verb. -9USya b.
etc.

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

909US-.

-te e. (9osyate
Dew..- 9usa.' V.

Desid.

9U9uksa-.

Caus.

90sayati

etc.

av.+,

c.)

9osmE.+
-9osyaE.+

90saE.+
90saka c.

9osana e.+
9osaniya c.
96suka b.

2 9US, 'blow', see

ou, cva, 9vi,

9uskav.+
9usna? v.n.s.
9osayitr

0.

cvas.

'swell'.

9vayati etc. V.B.

9U9uyama)
Perf. [9U9ava, 9i9vaya] quqnvusetc (9U9uvat 9U9avama
9ti9uve 9ii9uvana rv.
a9i9vayat.
] 2. a9vat b. [ 3. a9i9viyat, a9U9uvat,
Aor. [1. 9uyat.
Pres. [1?]

5.

a9vayit.]

qiva

V.

177

ANB Pkimaky Derivatives.

9oand, cand,

y
[Pres. etc.

candati, caceinda

Sec. Conj.: Int.

Deriv..

The

cani^cadat

etc. etc.]

rv'.

y
single doubtful form

Pres. [1.]

9c6tati

cu9Cota

Perf.

Aor.

[2.

'shine'.

candana? E.+
9candrav.+
fuller form qcandra survives after v.

The

etc.

[qrath

candrav.
only in the n. pr.

hari9candra.

9cam.

9camnan

rv. was entered above under

'drip'.

9cut,

y 9am.
1

v.+

b.s.

a9cutat.

acu9cutat

3.

s, [

5.

a9eotit.]

9cotisyati; 9cotita.]

[Fut.

9cutita B.+

Verb.

Conj.:

Sec.

The forms

Desid. eu9eotisa-, cu9cuti8a-.

(-9cotayitavai

etc. b.s.

Deriv.: -9cut v.

C09eut-.

[Int.

9COtayati

-9cotana

are often

Caut.

9B.)

c.

especially later, vrritten with

9cyu

and sometimes

with cyu.

y
9nathat

Pres. [2.] 9nath.ilii

9a9natha.]
a9i9nat 9i9nathat

[Perf.

Aor.

3.

9nath,

ev.

etc.

rv.

[Fut.

9nathisyati; 9natliita.]

Verb.

9nathita rv. -9nathas rv.

9nathayati -te etc. rv.

1.

'pierce'.

9nathati.]

5.

9nathistam -tana

rv.

Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

9nathana

9i9natha

9natliitr rv.

rv.

rv.

9ya, 91, 'coagulate'.

9yayati b., -te c.

qsi(^ye; a9yasta; 9yasyate, 9yata.]
[Perf.
Verb. 9ita v. +, 9ina vs., 9yana c. [9yata.]
[Int. qaqya-.
Sec. Conj.: Pass, qlykte etc. b.
gb.
9yayayati
Cans. [9yapaya-;]
Pres. [4?]

etc.

Deriv.;

9ya

-9yayaE.+

Ts.c.

y
Pres. [9.]

Desid. 9i9ya3a-.

9i9ira'?Av.+

9rath, 9lath, 'slacken'.

a9rathnan 9rathnas

rv.,

9ratlmite

etc. v.

[6

.']

[9rathati 9ranthate;] 9lathati -te etc. c.

Perf. 9a9rathe rv. [9a9rantha 9a9ranthus 9rethus.]
[1.]

Whitney, Supplement

II.

12

9rnthati

ts'.

Roots, Verb-forms,

9rath]
Aor.

9i9rathat

3.

etc. v.e.

[qiqrathantu

ev.)

178
5.

a^ranthit -thista.]

[Fut. (jranthisyati, 9ranthita.]

9rthita rv., 9lathita c; [9rathitva, 9ranthitva ;] -9ratliya c.

9lathayati c. (9lathyate
Conj.: Cans. 9rathayati etc. v.ii., -te rv.

Verb.
Sec.

c) [9rathayati, 9ranthayati.]
9rathar- rv.
Deriv.: 9ratha- r.

y
9ranati

[Pres. etc.

Deriv.

-9ranana

9ran,

'give'.

etc. etc.]

9rariayati

Sec. Conj.: Cans.

9latha e.+

etc.

s.+ [a9i9ranat, a9a9rariat; 9ranayati.]

-9ranika

c.

c.

Only with prefix vi.

9ram,

'be weary'.

9ramati -te etc. e. +

Perf. 9a9raina 9a9ranius v.+ (9remus ke.), 9a9ramana rv.
5. 9ramisnia rv.b.
] 2. a9ramat etc. v.
Aor. [1. a9rami.
Fut. [1. 9raniisyati.
] 2. 9ramita m.
Verb. 9ramta v. + -9ramya b.+
Desid. 9i9rainisa- (m d.).
Sec. Conj.; Pass. 9ramyate e.+
9rarayati

Pres. [4.]

etc.

v.+

[1.]

9rainayati
Deriv.

9rama

etc. s.

9raniana

+
-9rama e. +

9raraayati

v.

-9ramana

etc. e.

(^9r

amy ate

9ramti

r.

v.+

9rambh,

e.

Caus.

e.+)

-9i9raniisu

c.

-9raniistha rv.

'trust'.

Pres. [1.]

9rainbhate

[Perf. etc.

9a9rambhe a9rabhat, a9rambhista; 9rambhisyate,9rambh-

etc. e.

ita.]

9rabdha

Verb.

+; -9rabhya c.
9rambhayati etc.
-9rainbha
-9rmbha rv.

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.

e.

Caus.

-91'ambhin

y
Pre*. [4?]

[Perf.
Verb.

etc.

c.

-9rambhana c.
-9rambhaniya c.

9ra, 2 9ri, 2 9r,

etc. v.b.

-9rabdhi

c.

'boil'.

v.b.s.

Sec. Conj.: [Jnt.

Deriv.

+
+

2. 9rati.]
[9.] 9rmati etc. v.b. [
9a9rau 9rayat 9reyat, a9rasit 9rasyati, 9rata.]

9rayati

9rata
-te

s.

e.

etc. E.

9rta v.+ [9rana.]

9a9ra-.

Desid. 9i9rasa-.

9ira? rv.

Caus.

9rapyate etc. b. +)
9aras'? e.
-9rapa b.
9rapin s.

(a9i9rapat

etc. b.

9rapayati

etc.

av. +,

91'apana

b.

91'apayitr

b.

AND Primary Derivatives.

179

[pru

cri, 3 9y, 'resort'.

9rayati etc. av.+, -te etc. v.+

9i9raya Qicjriye e<c. v. +
1. a9ret -riyan etc. kv.; [qriyat;] a<jrayi rv.
(aqiqret y.b., -Qrema s., -^rayus rv. -qriyus

Pre. [l.J
Per/".

i4or.

RV.)
Fut.

a9rait av.

4.

9rayisyati -te

1.

9rita

Verb.

-9ritya

v.
b.

+
+

Sec. Conj.: Pass.

b.+

etc.

9riyate

acjiqriyat

-9riyan

c.

etc. .\v.+

9i9rita?

e,

9rayita.]

2.

-tavai

b.+ (9riyate

etc.

9i9rayisa-, 9i9risa-.

e.,

a9rayista.

5.

9rayitum

.'{.

b.s.

etc. b.s.)

9rapayati

Cans.

9rayitva e.+ |9ritvaJ;

[Int.

9e9ri-.

Desid.

[9rayayati, a9i9ra-

vs'.

yat.]

rate

9aranav.+

-9ara av.

Deriv.: -9ri B.u.

9retr

-9rayaAV. +
9alaAv. +
-9ritv.+
9rayana b.+
9riti rv.c.
-9rayin c.
9rayaniya c.
9rayav. +
-9rayitavya c.
The derivatives from the root-form 9r are probably best
root 9r or 9ar, 9al, meaning 'cover' or the like.

y
Pres. [9.]

9i9riye

Per/".

Aor.

9rinati 9rirLite

3.

9ris, see

e.

9reniv. +

9arman

v.

9arira.'v.+
referred to a sepa-

^lis.

cri, cr, 'mix'.

etc. v.b.

v.

a9i9rayu8

rv.

9rita rv., 9irta rv.

Verb.

Deriv.

Is

-9ira

-qir y.B.s.

probably only

separable.

The

form of

s.

9ri

it is at

s.

some points hardly

interrelations of the roots 9r, 9ra, 9ri, 9ri are intricate

not yet fully worked out.

Especially doubtful

them

'fortune',

noun qrl v.+

9restha v. +, 9reinan b.
of the

9rn6ti

etc.

v.

9ru,

9rnute

is it

what

is

and

the connection with

and the related 9riyas

2 cri, see

y
Pres. [5.]

9rayana

-9riv.

from which

rv.,

9reyas

v. +,

[2.]

913..

'hear'.

etc.

v.+ (9rnvise -vire hv.)

9r6si RV.

9U9rava 9U9ruve etc. v,+ {9U9ninias u. + 9U9ravat 9U9ruya3

-yatam a9U9ravi rv.)
Aor. 1. a9ravain -rot -ravan v.b. (9ravat -vathas etc. v.b.s. 9ruya8am
2 ? 9ruvam ta.
9rudhi 9r6tu etc. v.b.) a9ravi 9ravi v.c.
etc. v.c.
4. a9rau8it etc. k. +
3. a9U9ruvat b., -ravus rv. [a9i9ravat.]
Perf.

12'

Roots, Verb-forms,

9ru]

180

qrota m.
Verb, qruta v. + qrotum e. + ^rutva v. + -Qrutya av. + -Qravam s.c.
[Int. Qocjru-.
] Desul. quSec. Conj.: Pass. Qruyate etc. v.+, -ti etc. e.
Caus. (jravayati
^rusate etc. \.+, -ti etc. e.+ (9U9rusyate etc. e. +)
9ravayati etc. rv.
cfc. V. +, -te etc. E. + (qravyate etc. e. +)
Fat.

Qrosyati

1.

b.+. -te

etc.

e.

2.

Deriv.

-Qru

-9ravana b.s.
9ravaniya e. +
9ravas v. +
9l6ka V. +

B.

(jrava

b.

gravya e. +
gravayya rv.
qrava v.+
^ravaka c
9ravin c.
gravya e.+
Qravana v.
9ravaniya b.+
Compare

Deriv.

9rudh.i- kv.

9U9rusya e. +
9U9rusana e. +
9U9rusenya b.s.

9U9rusiii

-9ruria rv.

9r6mata

9u9ru.su B.+

9rutya v.+

9ravistha av.+
9rausat v.b.

-9r6tu Rv.

-9U9ruka'?

9U9ruaitavya

9rotavya

b.

for

9ru, see

bv,,

]/

y
9layati

c.

v.b.

9ru.

|/

crath.

cla, 'dissolve'

(?).

jb.

Only in the passage taamat

reto bhavati

see y"

9lath,

u.

9ravayitavya

rv.

9rausti

9rusti av.

9rusti rv.

-9ravayitr

e.

9r6sainana

v.,

e.

sru.

crus, 'hear

9roaantu

9U9rusitr

e.

9U9i^s E.
9U9rusa s.+

9rotr V.+
;

rv.

secondary root, growing out of the s-aorist-stem of

Pres. [4.]

e.+

e.

V.

9ru3

9rosan

9U9rusaka

V.

-9rut
9ruti

y
Pres. [1.]

9r6tra v. +
9ravitr e.

jb.

ii.

23.

Probably

vi 'va 9layanti tarunam iva hi tarhi

a variant to

clagh,

9ra.

'extol'.

Pres. [1.] 9lagh.ate etc. cb1.e.+, -ti e.

Perf.

[Aor.

9a9laghire c.
etc. a9a9laghat, a9laghista; 9laghisyate, 9laghita.]

Verb. 9lagh.ita
Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

c.

Pass.

9lagh.a

9laghyate etc. e.+

+
9laghiii e. +
9laghya e. +

y
Perf.

9laghayati

[1.]

9resama

9i9lesa b.+
2.

etc. e.

9laghistha

clis, 9ris, 'clasp'.

Pre*. [4.] 9l{syati etc. b.+, -te u.

Aor.

Caws.

9laghana e. +
9laghanlya e. +

b.

a9lisat e.+, 9risat rv.

3.

a9i9lisat.

rv.

7.

(y

qri'l)

a9liksat.]

b.

AND Primary Derivatives.

181

[stl^iv

9leksyati, 9lesta.j

[Fut.

Verb. 9lista b.

Qlestum c; qlistva

Conj.: Pass, ^lisyate

Sec.

{^in

Deriv.

d.yi

etc.

c.

Cans. 9lesayati

-9liSB.c.

-9resa

9lesaka

av.b.

9vancate etc. v. (9maneAor. 3? 9a9vacai b,v.

Sec. Conj.: Caus. 9vancayas b,v.
Derii\ -9vanka b.

9vasiti

9a9vasa

Perf.

etc. e.

Aor. [3. a9i9vasat.

Fut.

ta.)

cvas, 9US, 'blow'.

kv.

a9vasit

9vasati -t6

[1.]

9vasisyati e. [
2. 9vasita.]
9vasita b.+, 9vasta e. + 9vasituin

e.

5 (or

pres.').

Int.

9a9vasat

rv.

-9vasa av.

9usa

9vasa V.+
9vasinB.+

96sa?vs.
+

e.

e.

-9va8ya

-9vaBas rv.

s.

Caus. 9vasayati

9va8atha v.b.
9usraa v.b.

9vasanav.+

9vasi- ev.

9usinaiL

-9vasaniya

-9vasitavya

v.b.s.

c.

cva, cvi,

see

qu.

9vit, 'be bright'.

9vetate 9i9vite.]
a9vitan 9vitana rv.

etc.

3.

a9i9vitat rv.

9vetisyate, 9vetita; 9vitta.]

9viti- Rv.
9V6tav. +

Deriv.: -9vit v.c.

9vetana

y
Pres. [1.]

Perf.

sthivati

tisth6va

etc.

av. +

rv.

sthiv, 'spew'.

4.

sthivyati.]

b. [tisth.6va.]

asthavisam?

c.

b.+

4.

a9vait

rv.

a9V6tista.]
[Fut.

9U8-

+j;

av.+

-9vasanaE. +
-9vasaniya c.

y
[Pres. etc.

[Desid. 9i9vasisa-.

ci.?)

1.

V.+ (9vasayati

-9vasya

a9va8at

b.+,
etc.

Deriv.:

Aor.

-9i9lik8u'' av.

c.

etc.

9i9lik8a-

-9re8man av.
9l68man b,+

b.c.

-9le8anaB.+

9vasis

Sec. Conj.

v.

Deaid.

1.

Verb.

-Qrisas

c.

9le8in

v.+ (9vasihi av. +

etc.

antam 9use 9usana

c.

Pres. [1.]

Pres. [2.]

e.

969168-.

9 vane, 'spread'.

-qlisya

b.+, -te

etc.

-9r6sina av.
9lesaAv.+

-9ris av.

c.

[Int.

gb.s. [aBth6Vit.]

Aor.

5.

[Fut.

sthevisyati, sthevita.]

9vitna

rv.

9vitra

v.

5.

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

sthiv]

sthyuta

Verb,

[Sec. Conj.: Int.

tus-.

sthivita c; sthutva?

b. +.

saks.

asaghnos

sah.

sagh, 'be equal

to',

rv.

sasagha.]

[Perf.

saghat

1.

Deriv.

rv.

saghyasam

saghisyati, saghita

[Fut. etc.

saghan

y
sacate etc. v.b..
saQcata (3p.) rv.

Pres. [1.]

Perf. seeire av.

J.

b.s.

3.

asisaghat.

5.

asagh.it.]

sasagh-, sisaghisa-, saghaya-.]

b.

Doubtless another form of

Aor.

c.

Desid. tisthivisa- tis-, tusthjrusa-

testhiv-, testhiv-.

For the participle saksant, see

Aor.

-sthivya

Caus. sthevayati.]

]/

Pres. [5.]

s.

182

saeana

sac, 'accompany'.

-ti rv'.
[1.]

sa9cinia
rv.

sah.

]/

[3.]

sisakti

etc.

rv.

sa9eati(3p.) rv.,

etc. sa9ee rv.

saeeus etc. rv., sa^cire rv.
asaksata etc. (saksat -simahil

sagcasi

v.b.,

4.

rv.

5.

asaeista.l
[Fut.

sacisyate, sacita.]

Verb,

sacadhyai

Deriv.: -sac

rv.

v.s.

-saca

V.B.

saca

Kv.B.

-sacin

b.

saksani? kv.
sacya Rv.

saeana

rv.

saeas- rv.
saci v. +

y
Pres. [1.] sajati etc. v.+, -te

sakhi? V.+
sacatha rv.

-sakra rv.
saksani rv.
saqcat v.

sakman, -mya rv.

sacaya

saei?

V.B.

cb.

saj, sanj, 'hang'.

s.

sasanja b.+ ([sasajus] sasanjus c, sasajjatusv m., sejus cb.")

4. sanksit etc. v.+. asak3. asasanjat.]
Aor. 1. asanji b. [sajyat.
thas -ta V.B.
[Fut. sanksyati, sankta.J
-sajya b. + -sangam b.s.
Verb, sakta v. + saktvim e., sanktos b.
etc. t..+, -ti etc. e.+
e.;
sajjate
Sec. Conj.: Pass, sajyate etc. b.+, -ti
Caus.
J Desid. sisanksati cb. [sisaiiksa-.]
[Int. sasaj-, sasanj-.
Perf.

sanjayati

etc. e.

Deriv.: -saj V.

-saja Bv.

-sajya

c.

-sanj a

c.

sajjayati

etc. e. +,

-te

e.

saiigav.+

-sanjanaB. +

sakti

saiigin AV.+

-saiijaniya

-saiigya

sajjana

saktu V V. +
-saktavya c.
-sanktavya

b.s.

c.

c.

V.

o.

AND Primary Derivatives.

183

y
sidati

Pres. [l.J

sad,

'sit'.

v.+, -te etc rv1.k.+

etc.

sasada sedus etc.\.+ (sasattha

Perf.

sedire
1. asadi sadi kv.

san

satsi

[2.j

uv.

v.

sasadyat

av.

sidatus

k.),

rv.

AoT.

sadeyam

sadat- rv.)

AV.,

Fut.

satsyati

1.

sanna

Verb,

Sec. Conj.:

v.b.

etc. v. +.

sanoti

Pres. [8.]

sasana

Perf.

etc. v.

etc.

-te

b.

c. [

etc.

aadas
.").

aadantam
asadit ta.

e.

-sadya

v.

-sadam

Desid. sisatsa-.

sasad-.

[Int.

v.+ (sadyate

etc. b.

e.

sedi

av.b.s.

-sadi av.

sattra

y
v.b.s.

etc. v. +,

satta.

2.

siditum

b.,

san, 2 sa,

is

e.

v.b.u.
v.

in d.)

v.

sanisantu

] 2.

rv.

-sadvan v.s.
-sadvara b.s.
-satsnu Rv.
sadayitavya e.
-sisadayisu e.

-i-

a present-stem.

'gain'.

sanat etc. sanema sana sanant

sasanusi b.s.) [sene.]

t'(iu>.

c.

sadman
sadman

perhaps rather

[Ivj
v.,

sisadayisa-

av.b.s.

sattiv.+
sattr

sanni

-sandi?
sediika

sada,

so far as accented

v.,

satsat uv.

sadi

(sanisat etc

4.

sadin av. +
-sadya e.+
sadanav. +
sadanav. +
-sadaniyaE.+
sadas v. +

(sasavans

rv.

uv..

i?.

asata; sanyat, sayat.

[3. asisanat.
sanem b.s.)
[1.

sadathas

etc. a.

sidisyati

-sadam

sad v.+
sada B.+
-sadya v.b.s
-sadya n. V.B.
-sadya CB.
sada V.+
-sadakaE.+

asisadat

3.

sadyate

The stem sada,

Aor.

etc. b.s.;

Pass,

sadayati
Deriv.

asadat

2.

sadatue^e. sadatamv.K.s., sadantuv.,

av.+, satta v.; sattvim

-sade

Bv.,

e<c.v.B.s.,

rv.

asanam etc. v.b. (saneyam etc b.s.

sesam set b. 5. asanisam rv.
,

4v

sv.),

[asanistaj (sanisamahe sanisan-

ta RV.)
Fut.

sanisyati

1.

Verb,

sata

Sec. Conj.
E,v.

Deriv

v.b. [

2.

sanita.]

v.b.

[Pass,

Desid. sisasati

-san RV.

etc. v.b.

[sansan-, sasa-,] sanisnata

Cans, sanayati.j
[sisanisa-.

sanyate, sayate.

Int.

+
sap]

Roots, Vekb-forms,

y
sapati -te

Pres. [1.]

sepus Ev.
sisapanta

Perf.

Aor.

3.

sap,

184

'serve'.

v.b.

etc.

ev.

sapisyati, sapita.]

[Fut.

Sec. Conj.:

DeWv.

Cam. sapayant?

-sap

sapa

EV.

e.

sapar- v.+

b.s.

saptiv.

-sapin EV.

The

relations of part of these forms are very donbtfol.

y
sarjati

Pres. [1.]

sarj, 'creak'.

etc. v.b.

Does not appear

admit of connection with

to

sa9e,

see

srj.

sac.

sas, 'sleep'.

(sastas sasant etc.) v.

[3.] sasasti ts., sasasti vs.,
sasat ci.
[Perf. etc. sasasa; asisasat, asasit; sasisyati, sasita; sasas-, sisasisa-,
Pres. [2.] sasti etc.

sasaya-.]

sasa ? ev.
The single later occurrence

Deriv.

y
Pres. [1.]
[4.]

sahate

etc.

sahyami

m1.

v.+, -ti

is

doubtless

sah,
etc.

artificial.

'prevail'.

e.+ (sahant ev.); sahati

etc.

ev'.e'.

saksi saksva saksva ev.

[2.]

[sehe] (sehana ev. sasahe av. sasahe etc. v. sasahana v., sasahisthas ev.), sehima -bus e. (sasaha v.; sasahat etc v., sasahyama etc. ev., sasalivans ev,, sasahvans ta., sahvans ev.)

Perf.

Aor.

1.

sahana

ev.

sahyama

v.,

sahyas

ev.

etc.

[3.

asisahat.

4. asaksi saksi
asaksmalii
(saksate ev. saksiya etc. av.b.),
saksit GB. (saksati av., saksat ev., saksama ev., saksat pple. ev.)

ev.

Fut.

1.

b.

asahista ev., sahisimahi etc. v.

saksyati etc. e., -te b., saksye? av.
5.

sahisyati -te

sodha e.+ [sahita.]

Verb, sadlia v.+, sodha c. sodhum e.+, sahitvun
-sahya v. + -saham b. sahadhyai ev.k.
isyat

E.)

Sec. Conj.

Pass,

etc.

e.+ (asah-

2.

e.

[sadhva, sahitva;]

sahyate

Bv.Ts. [sisahisa-.]

etc. c.

[Int. sasah.-.

Caus. sahayati

etc. e.

Desid. siksati -te

etc.

AND Pkimaby Derivatives.

185
Deriv.

-sah v.+

saha v.B.
saha V. +
sahaka c.
-sahya sv,+
-sahya n. ev.
saha V. +
-saha Rv,
-sahin
-sahya

c.

v,

-sabha? e.+
sinha? v.

sehuv
sadhi

sahanv uv.
sahana c.
sahaniya e. +
-sahana e.+
sahantya v.n.
sahas v. +
sahasana rv.

sodhavya

-sahi

y
Pres. [6?]

syati

etc.

sasau

Aor.

1.

Verb, sita v.

-sya

E. +

Sec. Conj.:

4.

asaisit, asesta.

satum

-sai ev.

sisisa-.

-saya E.+
-sayin b.+

from

rv,

saksani v.
sasahi v.

[5,]

6.

etc.

e.+

rv.ts.?) [seyat.

asinot

has led to

asi-

3.

asasit.]

2.

sata, seta.]

av.,

-situm

[Int.

sasa-, sesi-.

c.

sitvas.

8ayav.+,

Desid. sisasa-,

setavya

c.

setr ev.
-sinva".' ev.

not practicable to separate the two forms of this root.

ava

use with

nv.

saksana

sayayati etc. b.+

-sya e.
-seya c.
-sitiv. ?c.
-sanav. +
setu v.+
-satr rv.c.

Caus.

setave

jr.,

siyate

Pass,

Deriv.: -sa'?Rv.+

It is

saksa

h.s.

h.

-saksin

etc. v.b.u.

[9.]

[sasyati] sisyati m. [sesyati -te.

1.

sahvan

c.

sayat.

Fut.

sahianu R.+

MS.

sinati

[Iv] sami santi seyam set m,

uv,

sa, si, 'bind'.

-sinvant
c.
sisaya rv. (siset v rv.) [sisye.J
asat etc. v.b. (sahi sitam rv., simahi

JR.,

Perf.

sahyu

Av.K.

sahitavya e.
sadhr rv.
sodhr E.
sahuri v.
sahiyas v. +
sahyas rv.
sahistha v.d.

c.

v.+, -te etc v. +

rv.

sadh

Its

prevailing

made

reduction to mere s in some of the forms

its

it.

y
y
Pres. [1.]

sadhati -te

2 sa, see

san.

sadh, sadh, 'succeed'.

ev.

etc.

[5.]

sadhnoti

etc. jb.

[sadhnoti.

4.

sadhyati.]

sasadha.]

[Perf.

sisadhati -dhas etc.

satsyati, saddha.]

Aor.

3.

[Fut.
Verb,

sadhitum

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

-te
Deriv.

etc. E.

(cans.

'?)

-dhema -dhatu

v.b.

Desid.

+ (sadhyate

etc. e.

sisatsa-.
;

Caus.

sisadhayisati

sadha rv.
sadhaka e.+

sadhuv.+
sadhyav.+
v.
sadhu rv.
sadhana +
sadhaniya e.+ saddhi jb.

sadhin

sadhas

-sadh

c.

4.

asatsit.]

c.

sasadh-.

rv.

v.

etc.

sadhiyas i;.+
sadhistha rv.u.

sadhayati
sisadh-

etc.

v,+,

c.)

sadhayitavya

c.

sadhayitr c.
sisadhayisa c
sisadhayisu s.+

Roots, Vekb-fokms,

si]

y
From
as

a root or roots si or si appear to

sayaka

sena

e. +,

si, 'bind', see

sita v.

v. +,

186

sa.

come sundry doubtful

siman -mant -ma

+.

av.

seksyati -te

Fut. 1.

AV. +

V.

Caus.

sic v.B.s.

-sicya

B.

-sicya

n. b.

sekav.+

etc.

secayati etc
-sekin c.
-sekya B.+
-secaka e.
-secya e.

Pres. [1.]

etc. v. +,

Perf.

v.+,

Aor.

Fut.

1.

asedlii

c.

setsyati

siddha

Verb,

b.;

v.+, -ti e.

y
sedhati
sisedha etc.

b.

e.,

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

etc.

4.

v.+, -cata

asikta.]

-te

[Int. sesic-.
s.

Desid. sisiksa-,

sineayati

e'.

secanav.+

sektrY.+

-secaniya

-secitr

e.

siktha

c.

b.

sikti v.b.

sektavya

c.

'repel'.

k.

sedhisyati

seddhum

-sicya

s.+

etc.

asisidhat.

sidhyate

siktvaB.+, sincitvac.

s.+, -te

sidh,

sisidhe

[3.

b.e.

sicyate

sisiksa-.
;

asisicat, asisieat.

[3.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Z)eriu.

etc.

v.b.)

sektum e., -tavai

-secam s., -sekam s.

sikta

Terft.

(sicamahe

v.

v.+
[1.] seeate evI.
v.+
nv.,
etc.
sisice ev.c.)
sisiee
siseca
(sisicus
Perf.
2. asicat
Aor. 1. sieyat b. (sincyat? acs.); aseei r..s.
v.B.

sira

sic, 'pour out".

Fres. [6.] sificati etc. v.+, -te etc.

etc.

+.

derivatives,

c. [

asedhis

4.

asaitsit.

2.

seddha, sedhita.]

] 5.

etc.

ev.k.

b.+; -sidhya av.+

e.+

etc.

isa-, sisidhisa-, sisitsa-.

sesidhat

rv.

sedhayati

etc.

Jnt.

Caus.

[Desid. sisedhs.+

Deriv.

sedhaAv.+
-sedliakaE.+
-sedhin c.

-sedhya c.
-sedhanaE.+
-sedhaniya c.

See the following

sidhyati

etc.

sidhyasam; asedhi.

sit

c'.

Fut.
Verb,

e.+

-seddhr b.+

rv1.u.s.+, -te

[1.

Aor.

-seddhavya

2.

etc.

-sedhayitr

c.

b,+

asidhat.

3.

asisidhat.

setsyati -te etc e.+ [ 2. seddha.]

siddha b^.e. + [sedhitva, sidhitva, siddhva.j

1.

[See. Conj.:

-seddhra b.
sidhma, -man? b.+

2 sidh, 'succeed'.

sisedha uvi?

Perf.

c.

root.

y
Pres. [4.]

-siddhi

sesidh-; sisitsa-; sedhaya-.J

4.

sait-

AND Primary Derivatives.

87

Z>mv.

-sidh Rv.

Appears
siders

siddhi u.+

sidlima rv.
sidhra rv.

be a weakened form of

to

sidh and

sidh

[sul

as one root,

>/

sadli.

and there

-sidhvan

nv.

Grassmami, however, coniti fact some difficulties In

are

their separation.

y
y
Pres. [4.]

sivyati

SI, see

si.

siv, syu, 'sew'.

-te v.

etc. v. +.

siseva; asisivat, asevit; sevisyati, sevita.J

syuta v, + syutva s. -sivya av.

[Per/", etc.

Ver6.

Sec. Conj.

sivayati
Derlv.:

Desid. sisevisa-, susyusa-.

sesiv-,

[Int.

syu b.
sivaka
sivya

seva b.
sevanaB.+
sivana b.+

c.

c.

The noun sucl

(of

be connected with this

Caus. sevayati;]
\

svmoti

etc.

sevitavya
sutra .\.v.+

syilman

c.

v.b.

syona'.' v.b.s.

sfina v.b.s.

which sucay 'point

denominative) can hardly

out' is a

root.

y
Pres. [5.J

c.

\.+.

su, 'press out'.

sunute

v.+ [sunvire rv.)

etc.

[.'i.]

3.

susvati

(3p.) RV.

Perf.

susava susuma
1.

sotu sutam

AB.

[asusavat.

AoT.

Put. 1.
Verb,

sosyati

suta

V.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

savayati
-siw a

rv.,

4.

asausit, asosta.

savisyati

sotave
suyate

rv.,
etc.

cb.

-tos
v.+

v.b.

2.

[Int.

sota

-sutya
sosu-.

5.

rv.

asusavus

asavit, asavista.]

ab.
b.

-suya

e.

Desid. sususa-.

Caus.

s.

-sut V.+

sotu rv.
sotva rv.

soman

V.B.S.

RV.

-suti v.

sotr rv.

sura.v. +

sutya s.+
sutya b.s.

sutvan

v.

-sunva

soma

susvi

Leriv.:

sava
sava

kcs.,

susvana rv.
suvana svana v. asavi

etc. v.e.,

etc.

h.

-savin rv.

-savyas.+

savana

Doubtless the same with

]/

v.

v.

suya

an, and the forms and uses

rv.

k.

ev.

rv.

of the two not al-

ways clearly distinguishable.

>/sul(?).
Only in the single form pra svdami ts.tb.,
tilami: see

til.

for

which

vs.

has

pra


Roots, Verb-fokms,

subh]

y
asubhnan
subdha ts.

Pres. [9.]

Verb,

Deriv.

sobhari?

188

subh, sumbh, 'smother'

ts.

sumbhan

[6?]

(?).

k.

v.

su, su, 'generate, enliven, impel'.

sute suvate etc. v. + (suvana svana? kv.), sauti b. +, sQhi s.

[4.] suyate
[6.] suvati etc. v.b.u. (sva av.ta.), suvate etc. b.
e.+
b1.
etc.
e.
+
savati
etc.
etc.
+, -ti
[1.]
Perf. susava etc, e. +, susuve etc. a\.+ (sasuva v.)
4. [asausit,]
3. [asusavat,] asusot ms., -savus tb.
Aor. [1. asavi.]
asosta U.+
5. asavit etc. y.b. (savisat v.b.) [asavista.]
Put. 1. sosyati -te etc. b.+ (susyant rv^.c'.), savisyati -te etc. e.+ [
Pres. [2.]

seta, savita.]

2.

Verb. sutav.H-,

suta

b.

+ [suna]

[sotum,] sutave

tave Av.; siitva b. + -suya

Pass, suyate etc. v.+
;

Sec. Conj.

e.

+ -sutya
;

Int.

cb.

sosaviti rv.

v.

-tavai .w., savi-

[Desid. sususa-.

Cans, savaya-.]
Deriv.

su V.+

-savas

sava +
savy a ? n. pr.

suti

V.

-savin

V.

stri? V.+

savatha ?
-suna S.+

-SUti RV.

rv.

SUtU

savana v.+
- suvana av.

AV.

savitr

-suya AV.+
sura? V.

sutri AV.

b.s.

v.

surf? V.+

c.

saviman

sunu V. +
-suma V.

-savitr rv.

v.b.s.

-suvan V.
susa AV.
stisana? av.

Usually divided into two roots

su

and 2 su

'impel',

'give birth' (the

verb-forms of the former, with three or four sporadic exceptions, limited to the
older language); but their forms

and meanings

are

mixed beyond the

possibility

of successful separation.

stid, 'put in order'.

[Pres. siidate.]

[susude,] susiidima rv. (susudati

Perf.

etc.

susudat

etc.

rv., susiid-

ata AV.)
Aor.

3.

asusudanta

ts.

[Fut. siidisyati, siidita.]

Sec. Conj.:

-te
Z>eriy.

sosud-.

[Int.

etc. E. +
-sud RV,

suda

V.

Desid.

susHdisa-.

-sudakaE.Hsudin b.

Cans,

sudanav. +

sudayati

etc.

sudayitnu

v.+,

rv.

AND Primary Deuivatives.

189

y
Pres. [1.]

surksati

surk?,

[bW

'heed'.

etc. b.s.

susurksa; asurksit; surksisyati, surksita-J

surksya b.

[Perf. etc.

Deriv.

y
Pres. [3.] sisarti

sarati
Perf.

sasara sasre

etc. v.

fsisratus ev'.)

etc. v.

[1.]

+ sasrva

sasrvans

cb.,

sasrana

v. +,

uv.

sasr-

bv.)

asari

1.

sisrate (3p.)

etc. rv.,

s'.e.+, -te etc. e.

etc.

mana
Aor.

sisrat

sr, 'flow'.

b. [sriyat.]

asarat

2.

etc.

v.b. (sarat etc.

sira rv.)

4.

[asarsit,] sarsat av.

Fut.

sarisyati

1.

etc.

v.+

sartum
-saram b.
B. +

Ferft.

srtd, B. +

sarta.]

2.

c, sartave bv.. -tavai rv.

sarsre

Sec. Con}.: Int.

Caus. sarayati -te

sardyante
Deriv.
sara v.
saraka

sarana
e.

sarani

sira

c.

-srt

srka

srk

etc. b.

-srtya

c.

etc. b.

sisarayiaa-

in d.);

V.

or

saramav v.+
srmara b. +
sarayu v. +

jb.

-sartu RV.

-sartavya

c.

sartr

b.c.

sasra

c.

sarma bv.
-sarman bv.
sariman bv.

srk, 'be pointed'

b.

V.

sarala?

v.b.

-srtvara

sarira
salila

b.

srtvan

srti AV. +

y
root

Desid. sisirsati

-sf tya AV.

-saraniya
saras v.+
sant V. +
saru ? AV.

sira BV.

v.

sarana b.+

sarin? bv.
sara v. +
saraka e. +
sarin b. +
V.

v.+ (^saryate

etc.

v.)

-srtya

rv.

-sarya

(sarsrana

bv.

etc.

srtvan. +

e.

bv.

sasri bv.

-sisarayiau

c.

(?',

arc inferable with plausibility from the derivatives

srakt{

v.b.

y
Pres. [6.] srjati -te etc.

v.+

8rkvanv.+

srkva c.
srakva rv.

v.b.s.

srkvi

e.

syj, 'send forth'.

[1.]

sarjatas

av..

-anti

c.

[aarajant bvI?)

+ (sasarktha c. [sasarjitha sasrasthaj. sasrjmahe -jrire rv., sasrgmahe sv.; sasrjyat asasrgram av.)
srjana rv.
[3. asisrjat, asaAor. 1. asrgran -ram bv.; asarji v.b.
Perf.

sasarja sasrje

etc. v.

asraksit etc.
sraksat b.), asrksi asrsta etc. v.b.
2. srasta? pb.
1. sraksyati -te etc. b.+
sarjat.

Fut.

v.+ (asrak

4.

v.b.c'.

asrat

b..

sras

av.

190

Roots, Verb-forms,

syj

srsta

Verb,

v.

-sarjam.

srastum

b.

B.+ (sisrkamas
Deriv.

srstva

b.u.

-sfjya

v.+

etc.

ci.),

[Int.

sraj V.+

sarjaB.+

srsti cbI.

srjyaB.+

-sarjya

sargav.H-

sarjana v.+

srastavya
srastrv.+

e.

y
Pres. [1.]

sarpati

-sargam

b.,

etc.

etc.

srstiv.+

-sargin s.+

-srj V.

b.

sarisrj-. Desid. sisrksati

b.+
Cans, sarjayati -te
-te gb.

srjyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

e.

]]

-te

etc. v. +,

srjaya -ya
sisrksa c.
sisrksuE.

c.

b.

sarjayitavya

u.+

srp, 'creep'.
e.+

etc.

sasarpa etc. b.+

4. [asarpsit,
3. asisrpat b. [asasarpat.]
asrpat etc. av.b.
asrapsit ;] asrpta b.s.
2. sarpta, srapta.]
Put. 1. srapsyati etc. b.+, sarpsyati b. [
b.
-srpya av.b.s. -srpas b.
e.
+
srptva
sarpitum
Verb, srpta b. +

Perf.

AoT.

2.

-sarpam

b.s.

sarisrpant c, -pyate b.
Cans, sarpayati etc. s.+
Desid. sisrpsati etc. v.+
sarpi b.
srpra rv.
-sarpaka s.
Dcriv..- -srp b.s.
sasarpari rv.
sarpis v. +
-sarpin b. +
-srpya c.
sarisrpav.+
-srpti c.
sarpanav.+
sarpav.+

Sec.

Conj.:

srpyate

Pass,

b.

etc.

Int.

y
sevate
siseve etc.

sev, 'attend upon'.

v.+, -ti

Pre?. [1.]

etc.

Perf.

e. +,

-va

etc. ev'.e.

c.

[Aor. asisevat, asevista.]

Fut.

1.

sevisyati

sevita

Verb,

e.

e. [-te.

sevitum

2.
c.

sevita.]

sevitva

sevyate
Cans, sevayati c. [sisevayisasevinE.+
Deriv.: sevaE. +

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

sevaka

etc. e.

-sevya

sesev-.

c.

Desid. sisevisa-.

sevanaE.+
sevaniya c.

sevitavya

Pres. [1.]
Perf.

Acr.

skandati

etc. v. +,

skand,

-te

Verb,

skantsyati

skanna

v.

b.

2.

3.

[skanditum skanttva;] -skandya

-skade -skadas

rv.

acaskandat.

skantta.]
;

c,

'leap'.

caskanda v. +, -de e. +
askan skan v.b. [skadyat.]
[2. askadat.
4. askantsit b. (^askan skan b.s.)
1.

c.

1.

Fut.

b.

sevitr e.+

sisevayisu

in d.)

sevya e.+

E.+

e.

[Int.

-skandam

av.b.

b.+,

-skadya

b.

AND Pkimary Derivatives.

191

skadyate.
] Int. kaniskan caniskadat
Cans,
J
skandayati etc h. +

Sec. Ccnj.: [Pass,

ciskantsa-.

-skandya

skabhnati
skambhate.]

Pres. [9.]

easkambha

Perf.

v.b.

(skabhana

etc.

Verb,

skabhita

v.

skabhnuvant

[5.]

[skambhitum ;J skabhitvi

skabha-

v.n.

skambha

v.

-skambhaka
-skambhin e. +

y
skauti

[2.]

cr.

sku,

rv.

[caskam-

rv.).

-skabhe

skabhiyas

v.r.

rv.

'tear'.

sk\inoti av. [skunute.

[5.]

rv.

c")

skambhana

c.

av.

[skambhayati (skambhita

Cans,

Sec. Conj.:

Pres.

n.)

acaskambhat, askambhit; skambhisyati, skambhita.

[Aor.

{Defid.

'prop'.

(caskambha skambhathus -bhus

bhe] caskabhana

Lervi.

skandha av.+
skandhas? t.h.

h.

n.+

skambh, skabh,

etc.

c'.

-skadvari

h.

skandana

y
1.

rv.

skanda V.+
skandinB.+

/)eri(>.;

[stan

!).

skunati,

skunite.]

cuskava euskuve acuskavat, askausit askosta

[Perf. etc.

skosyati

-te, skota.]

skuta

Verb,
Sec.

rv.

-skavam

e.

ms.

Caus. skavayati.]
skusa-.

Conj.:

Pass,

skuyate

Int.

coskuyate

-skavana s.
-skava av.
The doubtful form skuptva in Ap. Dh.

etc.

rv.

Desid.

cu-

Derli\:

here

compare dantaskavana

skhalati

Pres. [1.]
Perf.

[Aor.
Verb,

skhalita

Sec. Conj.

[Perf.

skhal, 'stumble'.

see

e.

kr.

b.

b.

[skhalayati.]

etc. c.

skhalana

stanihi stan rv.

e.

atistanat.

] 5.

Stan, 'thunder'.

[1.]

stanati

astanit av

[Fut. stanisyati, stanita.

y
tastana tastanus.]

[2.

-te ab.

etc. e. +,

Caus. skhalayati

skhala

Pres. [2.]

Aor.

skr,

askhalit; skhalisyati, skhalita.]

etc.

24) perhaps belongs

ib. ii. 5. 9.

caskhala caskhalus

Deriv.

S. (i. 31.

etc. av.e.h-,

-se

c'.

Roots, Vebb-fobms,

Stan]
stanita

Verb,

Sec. Conj.

+ stanitva c.
tanstanihi ay.

s.

Int.

192

+
Deriv.: -stana v.e.
-stanaka? c.
Compare y 2 tan.

Desid. tistanisa-.

Cans,

stanayati

etc. V,

stanana

stanauv av.

y
Prea. [9.]

stabhnati

stanatha
stanathu

c.

stambh, stabh,

etc. v.

+ (stabhana

kv.

istani? rv.

av.

stanayitnu v.+

'prop'.

v.b.)

stabhnoti

[5.]

etc. b.

stambhant c, stambhate etc. c. stabhamana aa.

tastambha tastabhus etc. v. (tastambhat rv.), tastambhe

[1.]

Perf.

etc.

b.+

(tastabhana
3. atastambhat.
1
[stabhyat ;] astambhi c.
[2. astabhat.
ev.
4. astarapsit tb.
astambhit
stambhit
5.
[Fut. stambhisyati, stambhita.]
Veri. stabhitav., stabdhan. + stabdhum c.
stabdhva av.e., stambhitva E. -stabhya b. + -stambham b.
Desid. tistambhisa-.
[Int. tastabh-.
Sec. Conj. : Pass, stabhyate c.
Caus. stambhayati -te etc. e.+ (stambhayisa? in d.)
v.b.)

Aor.

Deriv,

stambhana b. +
stabha- bv.
stambhaniya e. +
stambhaka E.+ -stabhya c
stambhin e. + stabhu- ev. -stabdhi b. +
Compare tte parallel and equivalent root skambh.

stanabha

v.

-stambhayitr c.
-stambhayisu e.

]/ sta, 'be stealthy'.

Is inferable

from the derivatives:

stayu

steya v. +
stenav.
tayii? v.
stayan; jb. has na stayad bhavati

stay at av.gb.
stayat

jb.

GB. reads

y
Pres. [5.]

[Perf.

etc.

stighnoti -nuyat

ii.

24

av.

(ter).

stigh, 'mount'.

ms.

[stighnute.]

tistighe; atistighat, asteghista; steghisyate, steghita.]

-stigham

Verb,

staman?

vs.

ms.

Desid.

Cans, steghayati.]
ghisa-.

Sec. Conj.: [Int. testigh.-.

tistighisati ms. [tistighisa-, tiste-

These forms are somewhat amended from the MSS. (which have stinnoti
etc.}

see Schroder in

ZDMG.
]/

[Pres.
Verb,

etc.

xxxiii. 195.

stim, stim,

stimyati; tistema, tistima;

stimita
Compare

e.
]/

+
sty a.

'^be stiff'.
etc. etc.]

AND Pbimahy Derivativks.

193

y
stuvana

stu, 'praise'.

stauti stuvanti etc

Pres. [2. J

[six

stute stuvate

v. +,

etc.

v.+ (stavimi

c'..

stavana v., stavana iiv.)

[l.J stavate etc.
(stave 3s.) rv.
[6?] astuvat e., stuvate etc. av.b.
[J.j stunvanti etc. u.c, stunvana u.
stuse (!,3.) v.
Perf. tustava tustuvus etc. v. + [tustuva -ma], tustuve etc. v. +
Aor. 1. [stuyat;J astavi rv.
3. atustavam rv., -tuvam .ik. (tustavat
stosi Rv.,

v.,

Bv.)

Ful.

5.

4.

astausit

astavit

stosyati

1.

etc. V. [

etc.

b.+ (stosat

etc.

stosani

astos^a

bv.),

etc. v.n.

etc. b.s.

etc.

b.+ (astosyat

-te

etc. b.u.),

etc. b.

stavisyati -te

stota.]

2.

stuta v. + stotum b.+, stotave rv. stutva av. + -stiitya b. +.

-stuya E. + stavadhyai rv.
[Int. tostu-.
] Desid. tustusita c.
Sec. Conj. Pass, stuyate etc. v. h
Cans, stavayati etc. b.+, -te c. stavayati c'.
-stavya s,
-stu BV.
stut v.s.
stotrav.
Derjv.
stavana S.+
stuti v. +
stavav. +
stavatha rv.
-stavaniya s.
stutya v. +
stoma v. +
stavya e.
stotavyaB.+
-stavana E.+
stavan'.' rv.
stava b. +
stotr v.
stuseyya ev.
stavaka c
Verb,

t-

j/ 2 stu,

Such

a root is

with probability inferable from the derivatives

stubh,

|/

stupa
stupa

v.b..s.
V.

av.b.
v.

'praise'.

stobhati v.b.s. [-te].

[2.] stobdhi (3s.) jb., stubhana rv.
etc. tustubhe; atustubhat, astobhista; stobhisyate, stobhita.]

Pres. [1

.]

stubdha

Veri.

stuka
stoka

-stava av.

-stu RV.

[Perf.

'drip'.

stobhayati n\.cK
-stobha b.+
stiibh V.+

Sec. Conj.:

Deriu.

b.s.

Cans,

stubha
Seems

E.

related with

strnati strnite

+
starati
Perf. tastara tastarus

stubhvan

rv.

[l.J

jb.

stu.

y
Pres. [9.]

stobhana c.
stobdhavya

etc.

str, 'strew'.

v.+

[5.]

strnoti strnute

etc.

v.+

etc. e.

-rana bv.)
Aor. 1. astar star
astari rv.
5.

rv.,
[3.

b.

tastare -rire

c.

(tastrire av.

astrta ab. (starate staramahe

atastarat.

4.

[astarsit] astrsi

Supplement

II.

tistire 3.

rv.); [staryat;]
b.;

strsiya

astaris av. [astarista, starisista.]

Whitney,

13

w.

Roots, Vekb-forms,

sty]

Fut.

1.

starisyati -te

b.c. [

194
f

starta.]

2.

startave e., -tavai b., staritavai b., staritave AV.B., -staritavai b. strtva b.s., stirtva b.s. -strtya e.,
-stirya b. + -stire rv. strnisani by.

Verl.

strta

stirna

v. +,

v.

stiryate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

etc. s.+, -ti

testirya-, tastarya-.

Caus. starayati

etc. e.

-stir

Desid. tistirsate jb.

starya

DcWu.; stf ? ET.

B.

-starya

E.V.

m.?; striyate en. [staryate.

b.

-starav.+
-staraka c.

-stur Ev.

-stara v.+

y
strhant s'.
tastarha etc. etc.]
Seems to be a variant of

tustursate

Int.

b.u.s.

-starin av.+

-staritu rv.

starana

-staritr

v.

c.

strtiB.+

stariman

strtya

-strna

b.

ev.

c.

strh, 'crush'.

Pres. [6.]

[Perf. etc.

trh.

]/

stya, sti,

'stiffen'.

styayate etc. b.c.

[Perf. etc. tastyau sty ay at styey at, astyasit styasyati, styata.]
Verb, styana c. [stita, stima] -styaya e.
-styaya c,
-styayana c.
stima av.
Derju..- stiy a RV.
-stimin av.b.
The last two derivatives perhaps rather from ]/ stim (or this from them).
Pres. [4.]

sthag, 'cover'.

[Pres. etc.

sthagati tasthaga

Sec. Conj.

Caus.

sthagayati

sthagaka

Deriv.:

asthagit

sthagana

c.

y
Perf.

sthagisyati, sthagita.]

c.

stha, 'stand'.

Pres. [1.] tisthati etc. v. +, -te etc. v.

Aor.

etc. c.

+ (tisthasam ? ggs.)

tasthau tasthe etc. v. +

asthat etc. \.+ (sthati sthathas stheyama sthant rv. asthithas
2? asthat av.k.
-ita V. +, asthiran v.b. [stheyasam;] asthayi c.
1.

),

Fut.

1.

Verb,

4.

[sthasista:!

sthesam

sthasyati -te
v. +
sthatum
etc.

sthita

-sthaya

etc.

v.

+ -sthayam

sthiyate

etc.

e.,
2.

e.+,

-sus? av.

sthata
-tos

etc.

e.s.,

b.+ (asthayisi
etc. b.

5.

asthisi -sata b.+

-sthitum

r,.^

etc.

c'.)

+ (tisthaset

v.+ (atisthipat

-sthapayisati

etc. e.

r.

sthitva

e.

v.b.

Desid. tisthasati

V.+, -te

etc. B.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

ya-.

e.+

v.b.-,

.'

[Int.

ce.)

tastha-, testhi-

Caus. sthapayati

-sthapam

e.

sthapyate

AND Primary Derivatives.

195
Deriv.

[snu

stha V. +
-stha V. +

-sthu

V.

-sthr

B.

-sthin Av. +

sthayuka

-sthaya

sthiti B.+

e.

-sthayaka

c.

V.

i..

v.c.

tisthasa

c.

b.+

tisthasu

c.

stheyas

v.

sthira

v.

sthapaka

sthiti cb'.

sthala, -li? V.+

sthatavya e.+
sthatur rv.

-sthavan v.b.
sthavara b.+
sthasnu s. +
tasthu c.

St hay in .+

sthana

sthaman
stheman

-sthi Ev.

sthatr

stheya b. +
-stheya n. b.
A number of

sthatra

V.

stlianu

v.

sthapitr

derivatives are also

made from

c.

sthapayitavya
sthapayitr e, +

V.

k.

sthapin c.
sthapya b. +
sthapana k. +
sthapaniya ii.+
e.

sthu, which appears

a root

to

he only a form of stha. They are

sthura v.b.
sthula AV.+

sthavira v. +
sthavira rv.
-sthava b.

y
Pres. [2.]

snati

Perf.

sasnus

Aor.

1.

Fat.
Verb,

etc. v. +,

sthuna
sthdri

v.

sthaviman

sthaviyas b. +
sthavistha k. +

v.b.

.'

sna, 'bathe'.

snayita

e.

[4.]

snayate

etc. e.

c.

[snayat, sneyat;] asnayi

c. [

6.

asnasit.]

2. snata.]
snasyati -te etc. e. + [
snata av. + snatum b. + snatva av. + -snaya
.

Sec. Conj.:

[Int.

Desid. sisnasa- iin d.).

-snaE.+

snapayati etc.
sneya e.+
snanaAv. +

sna3rinE.+

-snatr

etc. Rv.s. +,

Deriv.:

sasna-.

-sna

-te gb.

v.c.

v.c.

v.b.

Caus.

snapayati

av. +

snatva v.b.
snatavyaE.+
sisnasu

e.

snapaka e. +
snapanaE.
snapana av.+

snih, 'be sticky'.

snihyati etc. e. +, -te etc. e. +

sisneha; asnihat, asisnihat; snehisyati, snekayati, snehita snegdha snedha.J
Verb, snigdha e. + [snidha; snehitva, snihitva, snigdhva, snidhva.J

Pres. [4.]

[Perf. etc.

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

sesnih-.

snehayati
snih ta.

Caus.
Deriv.

etc.

snehaB.+
snehaka c.

Desid. sisnehisa-, sisnihisa-, sisniksa-.

snehin c.
snehya c.

snauti

[Perf. etc.

etc. b.

snihan b.
snehanaE. +

snihiti

v.

snehiti rv.

snehayitavya

y
Pres. [2.]

rv.c.

snu,

c.

'distil'.

+ [snute.]

susnava susnuve; asnavi, asnosta, asnavit; snavisyati

snosyate, snavita snota.]

13*

Roots, VERB-rouMS,

snu]

196

snuta

Verb,

s.? e. +
sosnu-; susntisa-; snavaya-.]
-snavin
-snava e. +
-snu Rv.

[Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

spand,

c.

'quiver'

spandate etc. v. +, -ti etc. e. +

paspande; aspandista; spandisyate, spandita.]
[Perf.
spanditum c.
Verb, spandita c.
[Desid. pispandisa-.
] Caus. spandSec. Conj. Int. panispad- (m d.).
Pres. [1.]

etc.

ayati -te
Deriv.:

etc.

spanda

e.

b.+

spandin

sprnoti sprnute

paspara b.
1. aspar etc.

Aor.

spr,

v.,

panispada

av.+

av.

pac.

sprdh.

see ]/

win'.

(sprnvate

etc. v.b.u.s.

(sparat

v.

see

spurdh,

y
Perf.

spandana

c.

spac,

]/

Pres. [5.]

sprdhi

etc.

rv.)

ev.

4.

[9.]

sprnati

asparsam

jub.

rv.

[Fut. sparisyati, sparta.]

sprta

Verb,

Deriv.

v.b.

spara

B.

sprtva b. sparase
sparana av.b.
;

rv.

spft

-spartr rv.

v.b.

sprti

b.s.

sprdh, spurdh, 'contend'.

spardhate etc. v.+, -ti etc. e.+

[6.] spurdhan rvI.
Perf. pasprdhe etc. v.b. (apasprdhetham v.), paspardha e.+
5. aspardhista.]
Aor. 1. asprdhran sprdhana rv. [
Pres. [1.]

[Fut. spardhisyate, spardhita.]

-spfdhya rv.
Verb, spardhita e. + spardhitum av.b.
pasprdh- ; pispardhisa- spardhaya-.]
[Sec. Conj.
;

y
Perf.

Aor.

Fut.

sprqati

etc.

paspr9us -96
spr9yat e.

[asparksit.]

spraksyati

v.+, -te

etc. e.

1.

1.

spardhaniya

spardhinE.+
sprdh RV.
spardha B.+ spardhya e.

Pres. [6.]

spurdhase

rv.

Deriu.

'.

.3.

spr^, 'touch'.
etc.

av.+ (sprqana

e.~)

[!.]

asparQat

+ (paspar9us'? u.; paspar9at

4. aspraksam
pispr9as -9ati rv.

c'.

rv.)

asprksat

etc. e.

-spardhasv. +

c.

etc.

av.b.

[sparksyati.

2.

sprasta, sparsta.]

etc.

b.e.

AND Primary Derivatives.

197

sprsta av. + sprastum e. + sprstva n.+ -spr9yaK. + -spyge iiv..

-sprqas b.
Conj.: Pass. spr9yate etc. e.+
[Int. parispr9-.
] Desid. pisprksaCans. spar9ayati etc. b. +, -te kv.
(m d.).

Verb,

Sec.

[sphut

Deriv.

spar9a av. +
spar9in S.+
spar9ana u.s.+
spar9aniya e. +

+
-spr9aE.+
spr9ya E. +
-spr9

V.

Compare

prs;

Tpvq,

spr9i

8par9itr

c.

pisprksuE. +
spar9ayitavya

spratiB. +

sprastavya b.+
sprastr

b.

e.

u.

a part of the words there given

may with

consider-

able plausibility be connected with this root.

sprh, 'be eager'.

sprhanti s.
Cans, sprhayati etc. v. +, -te etc. e. +
sprhayalu e +
sprhana e.
sparha v. +
Deriv.: -sprh v.
sprhaniya e. + sprhayayya rv.
sprha E. +
The non-causative form only in Ap. Dh. S. i. 31. 9 (^perhaps an error?).
Pres. [6.]

Sec. Conj.

sphat,

'split'.

Cans, sphatita c.
sphatika r.+
No proper root; the participle probably

Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

sphar,

y
Sec. Conj.

Cans,

sphalana

Deriv.

sphalayati
e. +

sphal,

denominative formation.

sphr.

'strike'.

etc. ta.c.

y
[Pres. etc.

see

spha,

'fatten'.

sphayate pasphaye apisphavat, asphayista sphayisyate,

;

sphayita.]
Verb,

sphita

e.

Caus. sphavaya- ^in

sphiyate e.
sphira rv.
sphati v.b.s.
-sphaka av.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Deriv.

-sphana

Pres. [6.]

v.c.

sphutati

sphiti

etc. b.

c.

sphut,

[1.]

Perf.

pusphota

[Aor.

apusphutat, asphotit.]

c.

'burst'.

sphotati

e.e.

d.).

sphavayitr

ab.

198

Roots, Veeb-forms,

aphut]

2. sphutita.]
sphutisyati etc. e. [
Verb, sphutita e. + sphutitva c.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. sphotayati etc. e.+
sphutana
sphota e. +
sphuta e. +
Deriv.

Fut.

1.

sphur, sphul,

y
sphurj ati

Pres. [1.]

etc.

sphotana

c.

e.

sphr.

see

sphurj, 'rumble'.

av. +

pusphurja; apusphurjat, asphurjit; sphurjisyati, sphurj-

[Per/", etc.

ita.]

-sphurjya e.?
Desid. pusphurjisa-.
Sec. Conj.: [Int. posphurj-.
yati etc. v. +
-sphurjathu
-sphurjana c.
sphurja c.
Deriv.
sphurj aka b.+
sphurjita

Verb,

e.

sphr, sphar, sphur, sphul,

sphurati etc. v. +, -te etc. b.+

[Perf. pusphora pusphure.]
3. apusphurat.
Aor. [1. sphuryat.

Caw. sphurja-sphurji

c.

c.

'jerk' etc.

Pres. [6.]

spharis rv. [asphorit.]

5.

[Fut. sphurisyati, sphurita.]

sphulita c'. spharitva c.

Desid. pusphurisa-.
] Caus. spharayati
Sec. Conj.: [Int. posphur-.
etc. E. +
sphurayati c. [sphorayati.]
sphuranas. +
-sphulmga v.+
-spharaE. +
Der jr.; -sphur RV.

sphurita

Verb,

e. +.

-sphura

v.

Does not seem worth the attempt

sphur ti

c.

to divide into

different roots, as the

whole considerahle range of meanings appears in the forms of sphur.

y
Pres. [1.]

smayate

sismiye
asa E

Perf.

Aor.

[1.

[Fut.
Verb,

'smile'.

etc. v. +, -ti etc. e.

v.b.-,

etc.

asraayi.

smi,

3.

sismiye

etc.

asismayam.

4.

asmesta.

smesyate, smeta.]
smita e. + smitva c. -smayitva
;

Sec. Conj.: [Int.

sesmi-.

sismaya

e.

e.

smayayati

-smitya

Desid. sismayisa-.

E.+ (sismapayisa- in d.);

etc.

] 5.

e.

-smayam

asmayisthas

e.

e.

Caus.

smapayati

etc.

c.

Deriv.

smayaE. +
smayaka ta.

smaya

c.

smayana

s.

-smayaniya e. +
smetavya ta.

smera

rv.c.

-sraapaka c.
-sm^apanas. +

-smapaniya c.
-smapayaniya
-sisruapayisu

e.

e.

AND Primary DERivAin-ES.

199

y
smarati

Pres. [1.]

etc.

Aor.

[1.

Fut.

Verb,

Conj.

Deriv.:

smartum

e.

smrtva

smaryate etc. b. +
smarayati etc. e. +, -te

Pass,

s.+.

4.

asmarsus

smaritva

m.

-smrtya

3:.:

s.

c.

Cans,

yati

v.

smaram
f^ec.

etc. v.

e.

smaryat, asmari.
;i. asasmarat.
smarisyati e.
2. smarta e.

smrta

[srans

smr, 'remember.

v.+, -te

sasmara sasmarus

Perf.

[Int.

etc. e.

sasmr-.

Desid. susmursa-.

+ (smaryate

etc. e.

+)

smara-

etc. c.

smara Av. +
smarya c.
smara B.+

smaraka c.
smarin c.
smaranaE.+

]/

smararLaE.+
smaraniya e +
-smrt c.

syand, syad, 'move

smrtiAv.

smartavya
smartr c

b.+

on'.

syandate etc. v.+, -ti etc. e. +

sisyanda sisyadus -de av.b. sasyande c. [-dimahe -dmahe.]
1. syandi cb.
] 3. asisyadat -danta v.
[2. asyadat.
4. asyan

Pres. [1.]
Perf.

Aor.

5. asyandista.]
[
syantsyati b. [syandisyate.
2. syantta, syandita.J
Verb, syanna v. +
syanttvim b. syanttva b.. syattva b. -syadya a.
-syade rv.
Int. sanisyadat v.b.
Pass, syandyate c.
Sec. Conj.
iBesid. sisyan-

Rv.

Fut.

1.

disa-, sisyantsa-.
Deriv.

-syad

X.

syada b.
syandaB.+

] Cans, syandayati etc. b. + (syandayadhyai rv.)

syandakaE. + syandanav. + syandra rv.
syedu av.
sasyad rv.
syandin s. +
syanttr rv.
sanisyada av.
syandya b.s.

sraixs, sras,

sransate etc. b.+, -ti

sasransus b., sransire ?

Pres. [1.]

etc. e.

Perf.

c.

Aor.

1.

asrat

AV.B.

[Fut.
Verb,

b.

5.

2.

asrasat

asransisata

etc.

'fall'.

v.+ (srasema rv.)

3.

asisrasat

etc.

e.

sransisyate, sransita.]
srasta av. + [sransitva, srastva;] -sransya

b.s.,

-sx'asya

s.

-srasas

v.b.u.

sisa-.
.

-sras V.B.

-srasa

]
srasyate.
Caws, sransayati

Sec. Conj.: [Pass,

Z)erii;.

B.s.

-srasya

Int.
etc.

b.

sransa av.+

sanisras- (in d.).

av.+ (sransyate e.")

-sransaka
sransin c.

b.

[Desid. sisran-

sransana

e.+

sanisrasa

av.

Roots, Vekb-forms,

sridh

y
sredhati

Pres. [1.]

Aor. 2. sridhat

sridh

Deriv.

etc.

sridh, 'blunder

[Perf.

rv.

v.

srivyanti

asrevit;

srutva.]
Sec. Conj.

[Int.

yant

sriv, 'fair.

b1.

sisreva;

etc.

(?)

rv.

sridhana

y
Pres. [4.]

200

srevisyati, srevita;

sruta, srevitva

Desid. sisrevisa-, svisrusa-.

sesriv-.

Cans, sreva-

rv., (jrivayati av.

-sremanVRv.

Deriv.: -srivi? b.

Sometimes found written

witli

(j

for s.

sru, 'flow'.

gruvat rv.
Perf. susrava susruvus av.+ [susruma], susruve etc. e. +
Aor. 3. asusrot etc. v.b. [asusruvat asusravat asisravat.]
sravati

Pres. [1.]

etc.

v.+, -te

etc. e.

vis
Fut.

1.

Verb,

sravisyati

sruta

Sec. Conj.

-te

Deriv.

5.

asra-

etc.

av. +,

JB.

av.+,
[Int.

etc. B.

[srosyati.

etc. e.

9ruta

sosru-.

av.

2.

sravitave

srota.]

rv.,

-tavai rv.

Desid. susrusa-.

sravayati

Cans,

sru RV.

sravm

sruva V.+
srava v.+

sravya e. +
sravana v.+
sravana av. +

sravat v.
srue ? V. +
-srut V. +
srutya b.

-sravas

sruti V.+

-sravin c.
-srava av. +

b.+

e.

Apparent forms and derivatives of

initial q,

even in

v.

sravayati

c.

V. +
srotya v.b.
sravatha rv.
sravayitavya

srotas

this root are occasionally

ms.

found with

and BR. recognize a root 2 9ru, equivalent in meaning

with sru.

y
Pres. [1.]

svajate

svaj, svanj, 'embrace'.

etc. v. +, -ti etc.

rv1.e.+

(svajana

e.)

sasvaje etc. v.+, -jus c. [sasvanje.]

asasvajat (plpf.'i') rv. [
4. asvaiiksi.]
Fut. 1. svajisyate e. [svafiksyate.
2. svankta.]
Verb, svakta b. + svaktura e. svajitva e.
-svajya e. + -svdje v.
[Sec. Conj.: svajya-; sasvahj-, sasvajya-; sisvaiiksa-; svanjaya-.]
Deriv.
svaja av.b.
-svanga e. +
-svajana c.
-svahjalya
e.
-svahgin c.
-svajya
-svajiyas av.

JPerf.

Aor.

3.

av.

AND Primary Dkrivatives.

201

y
Pres. [1.]

Aor.

svadati -te

sasvade

Perf.

[svar

svad, svad, 'sweeten'.

+ svadate

etc. v.

kvI.

[sasvade.]

c.

asisvadat etc. v.b.

svadisyate, svadita.]
svatta v.b. -Slide rv.

3.

[Fut.
Verh.

Sec. Conj.

Cans,

Compare

y"

svadana rv.c.
svadaniya e.

c.

-svadas

sud, which

svanati

-te

rv.

[2'.']

asvanit

Perf.

sasvana sasvanus e.+ [svenus.]

Aor.

1.

svaniv

[3. asisvanat.
svanisyati, svanita.]

rv.

svadman
svadman

iiv.

ev.

svadiman

c.

svadayitr

h.

svan, 'sound'.

etc. e.

svadiya8v.+
svadisthav.+

perhaps related.

is

y
Pres. [1.]

svadayati -te

svada c.
-svadaka
svadin c.

[Fut.

s.

Desid. sisvadisa-.

svadayati etc. e. + (svadyate c.

svada-? RV.
-svadya k. +
svaduv.+

etc. V.B.

Deriw.

-svadam

sasvad-.

[Int.

] 5.

rv.

svanit

rv.

svanita rv.
Sec. Conj. Int. sanisvanat rv. [sansvan-.
Desid. sisvanisa-.]
svanayati etc. rv.c.
Deriv. : -svan Rv.
svana v. +
-svanas rv.
svanaya
svana v. +
svanin rv.
svani rv.
Verb,

"sleep'.

susvapa susupus etc. v.+, susupana rv. (susupthas ^s.s.

3. sisvapas sisvap rv. [asusupat.J
1. supyat s.
asvapi c.

svapiti -panti

svapati

[1.]

Aor.

etc.

etc. v.

v.+, -te

+ (svapihi c, svaptu

etc. e.

svapita

av.),

+
i

asvapsam

4.

etc.

s.+

1. svapsyati etc. . +
-te u.
-te etc. e. +; svapisyati av.
svapta M.
Verb, supta AV. + svaptum b. + sviptva av. + -svapam rv.
Int. sasvap-, sosup-.]
Sec, Conj.
Pass, supyate etc. e. + [
etc. v. +; svapayati c'.
svapayati
(in
d.).
Caus.
susupsasvaptavya b.+ susupsa
Deriv.
svapana b.c.
-sup rv.
susupsu
svapitr c.
svapana S.+
svapa E.+

Fut.

-svapin

c.

supti

c.

svapna

svar, 'sound'.

svarati etc. v.B.u.fe.

[sasvara sasvarus] sasvar ? rv.)

Pres. [1.]

2.

Perf.

rv.

e.

Pres. [2.]

Perf.

svap,

Caus.

v.+

Desid.

e.

n.+

Aor.

[3.

asisvarat.

svaritos

8tc. Conj.

jb.

asvar asvarstam

-svaram

ayati av. + (svaryate

Deriv.

-svar

Av.E.

v.

jb.

Cans, svar-

[svarayati.

c")

svarana

svaritr rv.

bv.

-svaras rv.
s vari ? av.

svaru?
Hardly

asvaris

5.

s.

svarya rv.
svarav.+
-svarya c

b,v.

svara
svara

rv.

sasvar-. Desid. sisvarisa-, susvursa-.

[Int.

] 4.

svarta svarita.]

\Fui. svarisyati,
Ytrh.

202

Roots, Vebb-forms,

svar]

-svartr rv.
svariyas c.
svarayitavya

v.B.s.

c.

be separated from this root are the derivatives showing the ra-

to

dical sense of 'brightness': namely,

svarv.+

sura

-svara

suri

u.c.

]/

v.

see

svid, 'sweat'.

Ferf.

sisvide

AoT.

1.

svetsyati, svetta.]

Verb,

svinna

Sec. Conj.

av.

[Int.

-svedam

sesvid-.

sveda v.+

b.

Desid. sisvitsa-.

svedinE.+

y
Fres. [1.]

[Ferf. etc.

c.

[/ut.

v.

svad.

svedate b.u.
[4.J svidyati etc. e. +, -te etc.
e. -dana rv. [sisveda.]
3. asisvidat.]
2. asvidat.
svidyat s. [

Fres. [1.]

svedya

had,

Caus.

svedayati etc. b. +
c.
svedu- v kv

svedana

c.

'cacare'.

hadati c. [-te.]
jahade; ahatta; hatsyate, hatta.]

hanna

Verb,

surta?

svad,
I

Deriv.:

3uryav.+

v.B.
.'

c.

jahad-; jihatsa-; hadaya-.]

-hadana c.
-hada e. +

[Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.

han,

hanti hatas ghnanti

ghniya -ita b.c'., hanita

etc. v. +,

Fres. [2.]

AB.)
(2p.)

'smite'.

etc. b.

hate ghnate

etc. v.

jaha v.+, handhi

(hanma

e.

ahata '6p.
aghnam e., ghnata

hanami ta., ahanat -nan b. + [6'']

E. +
aghnanta ghnamana e. [8.] hanomi

[1 .]
,

ta.

pgs.

[1.] ji-

ghnate etc. rv.b.. -ti etc. b. jaghnant e.

jaghana jaghnus etc. v.+ (jaghantha v. jaghanvans v.b., jaghnivans B.+; jaghanat rv.), jaghne etc. b.+
4. ghan? s. [ahasta.]
3. ajighanat etc. e.+
Aor. [1. aghani.]
;

Ferf.

5.

Fat.

1.

2.

ahanit jb.
hanisyati

hanta

e.

etc.v.+, -te

etc.

b.

+ (ahanisyat

e.

+)

hansyati

e.

AND Primary Derivatives.

203

hata

Verb,

v.

ghata

hanitum

a.

hantum

v.

-tave

-tavai

v.ii..

has
-tos

v.i;.s..

hatva v. + -tvi uv. -tvaya v.; -hatya v. +,

-hanya e. + -ghatam b.+
Conj.: Pass, hanyate etc. v.+, -ti e,
Jnt. janghanti etc. -ananta v.n..
jaiiglianyate u. ghanighnat rv
jijahiVE. [jeghniya-.J
Deitid.
V.B.,

c'.;

Sec.

jighansati

etc. v.

-te

etc. e.

etc. B. +,

Derk

-han V. +
-ha V. +
-hana v. +
-gha V. +

ghana

-hanasV

hanu ?

hantr
hatha

v.b.

V.

-hantu V. +
hantva v.b.
hantavya e. +

v.B.

av.+

v.

v.b.
];.

-ghni
-ghni

-hanti

v.

haniyas
hanistha
jaghanav

hatya

hanana

jighanaa e.+
jighansu b.+
-hata c.
ghata B. +

hanman

-ghna V. +
-ghnya v.+
Av,

jighatnii uv.

hatnii
+

b.

rv.

ghataka

v.

ghatin av. +
ghatya c.

ghanaghana
jaghni

v.+

e.+

ghataua

e.

ghatiika

av.b.

v.s.

jangha v.+

har, 'be

ghatayati

hati V.+
n. v.

Caus.

rv.

v.

-hat RV.

-hatya

v,

+ (ajighansis cb 0, -te etc. E.+

+ (aghatayithas E.) [ajighatat.]

gratified'.

haryati -te etc v.b.

{Perf. etc. jaharya; ajaharyat, aharyit; haryisyati, haryita; jaharya-,
jiharyisa-, haryaya-.J
JDeriv. haryata v.b.
Pres. [4.]

Perhaps a derivative from

A
yellow'

hr.

conspicuous group of words show an inferable root

:

hasati

etc.

b.+, -te

etc.

hasisyati

hasita

Verb,

E.

e.

2.

hasitum

Conj.

Pass,

hiranya v.+

v.

c.

5.

ahasit.

hasita.]
e.

hasitva

hasyate
] Cans, hasayati etc. c.
isa-.
hasa B.+
Deriv.: has- rv.
hasaka e.
hasa V.+
hasin av. +
hasa AV.
hasya e. +
-hasya av.
Sec.

-be

hiri- rv.

hir

e.+

jahasa jahasus e.+, jahase

3. ajihasat.
Aor. 1. ahasi c. [
Perf.

or

has, 'laugh'.

y
Pres. [1.]

hariman

haritav.+
harinav. +

hariv.+
haritv.+

Flit.

har

thus,

etc.

c.

e.

Int.

+ -hasya e.+
jahasyate
:

r..

[Desid. jihas-

Compare the derivative

root 2 jaks.

hasana rv.
hasana e.+
hasaniya c.

hasana

c.

hasra uv
-hasvan rv.

Roots, Verb-fokms,

ha]

y
Pres. [3.]

jahati jahati

etc.

jahahi], jahimas
[1.]

jahat

etc.

ha,

204

'leave'.

v.+ (jahitam -ita -itat av., jahihi

jahitam ajahitam

AB.. -hati etc. e.

hasyati

1.

hlna

Teri.

av.+, -te

-te

etc.

+ (hiyate

v.

Desid. jihasati

-hayya

-hi?

b.

-hayas

v.

6.

4.

ahas

Pres. [3.] jihite

Perf.

jahire av.

Aor.

4.

root.

jihate

Two

b.

v. +,

[Int.

e.

etc. e. +,

jihasa
jihasu
c.

or three of the forms

is

weakened

b.
c.

c.

given ahove show the

jah.

2 ha, 'go forth'.

av.

Caus.

etc. av.b. [ajihapat.

only the middle conjugation of

or generalized.

The forms

of the

ha, with the

Compare

better claim to be placed here.

signification slightly

two cannot everywhere he distinctly

and one or two of the derivatives given under

c.

jahaka
jahana

ms.

-hapaniya

c.

2.

b.e.

hapayati

also

y has,

which

ha

have an equal or

is a

secondary form

(doubtless through the aorist-stem).

y
Pres. [1.]
Sec. Conj.

v.+

hitva

hapayati

c.

hapana

Int.

ha

hiyanti

Caus.

rv.,

etc.

hata.]

2.

hata.]
hana
hatum
[hatva;] -haya v.+
Conj.: [Pass, hayate.
jaha-. Desid. jihisate

separated

3s.")

v.+ (jihitham cb.)

etc.

ahasta etc. v. +
hasyate etc. b.e.

This

hasisam

c.

-havari

hatavya e. +
hani u.s. +

jb.

of

etc. e.

ts.cb.)

heya
+

establishment of a secondary root-form

Verb,

etc.

etc. c.

hanaB.+
e.

Compare the next

Sec.

(jihipas rv. [ajihapat.])

c.

-ha v.b.
-haE. +

hayin

1.

av.+)

hiyate

Pass,

hayaka

Fut.

jahisyati

jaha-, jehiya-.
Deriv.:

etc. n.

c.

hata c, hana ab., jahita v. + hatum b.+

-tvaya rv. [hitva]; -haya b. + -hlyam ts.

V. +,

-tvi RV.,
Sec. Conj.

etc.

[jahilii,

c.

etc.

Perf. jahau jahus etc. v.+ (jaha Rv.?), jahe e.

Aor. 1. ahat b.c. ahayi av.b. [heyat.]
3. ajijahat
ahasma hasus etc. v.e., ahasi -sthas etc. av.b.

Fut.

jahyat

at.b.,

hasate
:

Caus.

has, 'go emulously'.

etc. v.

hasayanti

secondary form of

Atharva-Veda Index).

rv.

]/ 1, 2

ha (hasante

av. iv. 36. 5 is omitted in the

AND Primary Derivatives.

205

[hi?4

hi, 'impel'.

hinoti hinvanti etc. v. + hinve

hinvati etc. v.+
jighyati -tu ab.

Fres. [5.]

hi^e

(hinvire av.)

etc.

v.

hayant

rv.ts.

[l.|

(Is.) RV.

jighaya jighyus b.+

Perf.

ahema ahetana ahyan heta

ahyamv av. [3. ajihayat. J

Aor.

rv.

1.

1.

Fat.

hesyati

1.

hita

Verb,

v.

e.+

etc.

2.

c.

-hye rv.
hiyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

hiyana

ahaisit

n.

rv.s. [hiyat.J

(_ahait av.).

ahesata

2.

rv.

heta.]

jeghlya-.

/n<.

Desid. jighisa-.

Cau.^.

hayaya-.]
Deriv.

ha,yav.+

-heya
-hit

hetiv. +
hetiiv. +

Av.B.

hetr rv.

-heman

hetva rv.
hetavya c.

B.

-hiti RV.

hinvd

heman

rv.

hitvan

rv.

rv.

hesasv rv.
-hayya w.

v.i;.

y ha, with causative value. Some of its uses are

ha; and the stem jighya perhaps belongs direi^tly

Probably another form of

equivalent with those of
to

the

}/

latter.

y
hinasti hinsanti

Pres. [7.]

2s. E.),

hmste

etc. v.b.

Perf.

jihinsa -sima

Aor.

[3.

Fut.

1.

]'erb.

ajihinsat.

hinsita AV. +

etc.

v.+ (hinsyat

ahiiisit

] 5.

hinsitum

b.

b.+

etc.

etc. b.

hinsati -te

[1.]

av.b.s. (jihinsis av.

hinsisyati -te

ya

bins, 'injure'.

etc.

2.

ahinat

etc.

b.+

b.

hinsitva

3s. b.

hinsi

v.+

hinsita.]

hihsitos

av.b.

-hins-

E.

[Int. jehins-.
hinsyate v.+
] Desid. jihinsisati
Cans, hinsayati e.
Deriv. hinsa b. +
hinsaka e. +
hinsana i:. +
hinsitavya
hinsaniya t..+ hinsra v. +
hinsya s.+
Probably an abbreviated desiderative of y han.

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

cu.

av.

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf.

etc.

hikkita.]

'sob'

hikkati -te etc. c.

jihikka -ke; ajihikkat, ahikkit ahikkista; hikkisyati

See. Conj.: [Int.

Leriv.

hikk,

hikka

jehikk-.

e.

Desid. jihikkisa-. J Cans, hikkayati c

hikkin

c.

^-C^"^
V"

y
Pres. [1.]

[Perf. etc.

ahindanta

hind, 'be empty'

(?).

ci.

jihinde ahindista ; hindisyate, hindita.]

;

-te,

11

TTTT

OF

TIJJ-

UNIVERSIT
^^^^il

FO RN^^

Deriv. ;

-hindaka

-hindukaE. +

E.+

y hid, hel,
hedant rv., hedamana

[1.]

ahidat? ge.
jihida rv. (jihida

Perf.

Aor.

3.

single occurrence is probably artificial.

The

Pres.

jihide

av.),

ajihidat av. [ajihedat.]

'be hostile'.

helamana

rv.,

b.

v.b.

etc.

5.

hidamana

e.,

hidisatam

ta.

hedisyate, hedita.l
hidita v.b.

[Put.
Verb,

Derjy.:

hedayant

Cans,

Sec. Conj.:

hida?

heda

rv.

Pres. [3.]

(helayam asa

helayate e.
helanaE. +
hedas v.b.
helaniya c.
helitavya

hela e.+

RV.

-hedana

v.

y
juhoti juhvati

v.

hu,

1.

hosyati

huta

v.

etc.

(ahosyat

-tavai

b.s.,

v.b.,

av. +. -te e.

hotum

e.

juhute juhvate etc. v.+ (^jvihudhl b.s.,

-huvus cb.?)
[2.] hosi rv'.
jvihuve e.. juhvire b. (juhve juhure rv.);

etc. v.

ajuhavus

Fut.

c.},

'sacrifice'.

juhvant
Perf. juhava jiihuvus e.,
juhavam cakara etc. b.u.
3. ajuhavat.]
Aor. 1. ahavi rv. [huyat.
E.

\'erb.

206

Roots, Verb-fokms,

hugi4]

b.)

-tos

b.s.,

4.

ahausit

b.s.

etc.

b.+

hota.]

2.

hutva b.+

Desid. juhtisati
johaviti
+

+
Caus.
havayati
S.+ (juhuset? GGs.)
huyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

Int.

etc. v.

c.

etc.

etc. s.

X>erii?.;

-hava E.+

havisv.+

havya

v.

-hut

v.b.s.

-hava

RV.

-huti

v.b.

havana

Y hur,
y
hvayati

Pres. [4?]

etc. v.b.

mahe

vs.),

hiite

K.,

etc. v.

juhuv.
juhusu

hu, hva,

call'.

+ (hvayana

e.)

[l.J

havate
v.b.

humahe rv.

juhava juhuvus

v.+,

[3.]

c.

hvr.

(huveya etc. ahuve etc. huvana

huvat -vema -vant rv.
[2.] homa

huve

Ptrf.

-te

see

rv.

-hosa rv.

homaAv. +

hotavyaB.+

V.B.S.

homan

h6tr?v.+
hotra v. +
hotra v. +

jiihumasi

juhve juhure

etc. v.b.

hve

rv.,

[6?J

av.,

hva-

-hvati

kcs.,

rv.

rv.,

juhuve

-vire

b.

hvayam

asa E., hvayam cakre e.

2. ahvat etc. v.b.,
Aor. 1. ahvi av., ahiimahi rv. [huyat; ahvayi.]
kv. [ahvasta.]
4.
ahusata
v.b.
]
etc.
ajiihavat.

[3.
ahvata
6V ahvasit ge.
2. hvata.]
Fut. 1. hvayisyati -te e., hvasyate s. [
rv..
hvayitum b., -tavai b.s., hvatum c.
havitave
Verb, huta v. +
hutva c. -huya b. + huvadhyai rv. -havam v.s.

AND Primary Derivatives.

207
Conj.:

Sec.

Deriv.

v.+
johaviti
v.c,
Desid. juhusati Caus. hvayaya-

huyate

Pass,

johuvana

v.b.

etc.

Int.

huvana- rv.
havana v. +

hotra

hava V. +
havin av.b.
havya v. +
havya rv.

havas

haviman

B.

huti V.+
-havitu RV.

-hutavya
hotr V. +

y hurch,

'fall

k.

i;.+

hvatavya

rv.

-hvayaka

Fres. [1.]

hvana

rv.

havistha V c.
-hva c.
-hva Av.c.
-hvaya b. +

c'.

(in d.).

-hvayana

V.

homan

rv.

johuvanta

elc.

n.

-hu V. +
-huya V.B.

-hava

[2hr

c.

-hvayitavya k.
hvatr E. +
jihvav V. +
johutra uv.
-hvayayitavya

c.

c.

away'.

hurchati etc. b.u.

juhurcha; ahurehit; hurchisyati, hurchita; hurchita

etc.

[Perf.

hurna.]
Sec. Conj.

Caus.

hurchayati

Probatly related with

b.

hvr.

(/

y
Pres. [1.]

harati

etc.

v.+, -te

hr, 'take'.

etc. v.

harmi

[2.]

rvI.

[3.J

jiharti

s".

jahara jahrus etc. av.+ (jahartha b. + jaharus? av.), jahre etc. u.+
Aor. 1. ahrthas jb.
ahari c. [hriyat.
ajlharat.j
4. aharslt elc.
v.B.u.s.E. (ahar av.b.; harisit s'.), ahrsata rv. [hrsista.]
Fut. 1. harisyati -te etc. b.+ [aharisyat etc. b.u.j 2. harta h.e.
Verb, hrta v. + hartum b.+, -tave c'.. -tavai b.s., -tos k s.. haritum r'.
hrtva B.s. -hrtya av. + -harara ii.+
Per/",

.i.

jehriya-.]
etc.

Deriv.

hriyate

Sec. Conj.: Pass,

u.s.

hara v. +
-haraka e.
harin e. +
harya av. +

(haryate

harana

haruka

it

to

Pres. [9.]
:

Int.

av.+ (-syate

etc.

etc.

e.+);

harayanta

-hrt

V.

-hrtya

b.

Caus.

hrnite

etc. v.

hrnay- hrniy-

Compare the

(ahrnat

be angry'.

kb. ?)

v.

y bhur

beside

bhr.

|jarhr-,

harayati

e.

-harayitavya
e.

c.

making a very small

2 hr,

c.

rv'.

jihirsu

u.

hartavy a
hartr b.+

jihirsa e.+

hrti K.+

e.

y bhr;

jariharti

c.)

figure in the

gains rapidly in use, and becomes extremely common.

y
Deriv.

etc. e.

av. +

-haraniya
-harana c.
haras v. +

Apparently a variant
language,

\v.+. -ti

Desid. jihirsati

B.+, -te etc. b.s.

-hara

etc.

oMcBt

Roots, VEKB-roRMS,

hrs]

208

hrs, "be excited'.

[1.] harsate etc. v.c'., harsant ev'.

jaharsa jahrsus e. +, jahrse -sire e.+ (jahraana rv.)
3. ajihrsat, ajaharsat.]
Aor. 2. ahrsat e. [

hrsyati etc. v'.b. +, -te

Pres. [4.J

etc. e.

Perf.

harsisyati, harsita.]

[Fut.

hrsta

-hrsya e. +
Sec. Conj.: Int. jarhrsanta rv.. jarhrsana v.b. [jarihrs-.
isa-.] Cans, harsayati etc. v. +, -te v.e.
Z)nv..- harsa B.+
harsana av. +
harsii- rv.e.+
hrsita

Verb,

v. +,

harsakaE. +
harsin v. +

e.

for

derivative

y bed,
y
Pres. [1.]

hesati

Perf.

jihesire

[Aor.

etc.

Verb,

hel,

see

-taka)

(or

m>. is

probably

oi ly

like case or artificial.

hid.

hes, 'whinney'.
etc.

e.+

c.

ahesista hesisyate, hesita.]

;

hesita

Deriv.;

v.+, -te

etc.

ghrsu rv.
ghf svi rv.

heth.

vi-hethaka
-daka; and vi-hetha c-i. a

The apparent

c.

harsi rv.

misreading

hrsti

hrsi- rv.e.+

Desid. jihars-

e.

hesa-?

hesa

EV.

hesas?Rv.

t.

hnu,

'hide'.

hnute etc. v.+, hnauti (hnoti?) e., hnutas

[1.] hnave b.s., hnavanti e'.
[Perf. etc. juhnuve ahnosta; hnosyate, hnota.]
-hnutya c.
Verb, hnuta av. + hnotum c.
Pres. [2.]

rv..

c.

-hnavayya

rv.

hnuyat

[Sec. Conj.:

Deriv.:

johnu-; juhnusa-; hnavaya-.]

-hnavana s.+
-hnuvana s.

-hnava B.+

y hras,
Pres. [1.]

hrasati -te

etc.

-hnuti
-hnotr

c.
c.

'shorten'.

s.+

etc. jahrasa; ajihrasat, ahrasit; hrasisyati, hrasita.]

hrasta s., hrasita c.
Desid. jihrasisa-.
] Caus. hrasayati etc. s.+
Sec. Conj.: [Int. jahras-.
hrasistha b.
hrasva b. +
Deriv. hrasa s. +
hrasana c.
b.
hrasiyas
+
hrasaniya c.

[Perf.
Verb,

209

AND Primary Derivatives.

hval

y hrad, 'make a noise'.

hradate etc. s.+
[Perf. etc. jahrade; ahradista hradisyate, hradita.J
Verb, hradita c.
Sec. Conj.: Caus. hradayati etc. B.+
Derio. hrada B. +
liradmE.+
-hradanaB.+
Pres. [1.]

-hradi

i.n.

I hri, 'be ashamed'.

jihreti

Pres. [3.]

jihraya

Perf.

etc.

b.+ (jihriyat ms.)

[jihrayam asa.J
-hrayana? rv. [hriyat.
c.

Aor.

1.

[Fut.

hresyati, hreta.]

Verb,

hrita

e. +,

Sec. Conj.: Int.

hrina

4.

ahraisit.j

e.

jehriyate

c.

[Desid. jihrisa-.

Cans,

hrepayati

etc. c.

[ajihripat.]

-hraya

Deriv.: hvin.-i-

Rv.

hriti

hrepana

e.

c.

-hi'i RV.

}/

hru,

see

y hvr.

hres, 'neigh'.

hresati -te etc. e.+

jihrese; ahresista; hresisyate, hresita.J
hresita e. +

Pres. [1.]

[Perf. etc.
Verb,

Sec. Conj.

Deriv.:

Caus.

hresin

hresayati

etc. e.

hresuka

e.

e.

y Mad,

'refresh'.

hladate etc. c.
eic.
[Perf.
jahlade; ajihladat, ahladista; hladisyate, hladita hlanua.J
Sec. Conj.: Caus. hladayati -te etc. ta1.e.+ (ahladayisata v.)
Pres. [1.]

J^eriv.

hradkv.+

hladaka

v.c.

hladiika

hlada U.+

hladinE. +
hladanaE. +

hladiini

c.

hraduni

v.b.u.

Only one or two late sporadic forms outside

the proper form of the root seems to be

y
Pres. [J.]

hvalati

etc.

hlad

(or

tlic

ta.

-hladayitr

causative conjugation

hrad).

hval, 'go wrong'.

cb.e.+, -te

e.

jahvala: ajihvalat, ahvalit; hvalisyati, hvalita.J

Verb. hvalitaE. + hvalitos ob.
-hvalam cb.s.
Sec. Conj.
Caus. hvalayati cb. [hvalayati.
hvala
T)erh\: -hvala e.+
-hvalin c.
hvala cb.
[Perf. etc.

Is

only a specialized form of the fojlowing root

Whitney, Supplement

II.

14

s.

c.

and

I
Roots, Vekb-forms, and Primary Derivatives.

hvrj

210

hvr, hru, hur, 'be or make crooked'.

-hvarant hvarate rv.

[3v]
[!).] hrvinati rv. [hvrnati.J
juhuras rv., jiihurthas juhuranta -rana ev.
\VtTf. jahvara jahvartha jahvarus.]
AoT. [1. hvaryat; ahvari. ] 3. jihvaras v.. -ratam vs. (jihv- ts.ta.J
4. hvarsit etc. b. (hvar b.. hvarisus k.")
Fut. 1. hvadisyati ta. [ 2. hvarta.]
Ytrh. hvrta rv., [hvarita,] hruta v.+
-See. Con^.: \Paii. hvaryate.
/n^ jahvr-, jarihvr-.
Desid. juhvursa-.
] Caus. hvarayati etc. b.
Deriv
-hurya rv.
-hvrti v. +
hvara v.
-hvrt rv.
-livara v.+
-hruti v.c.'?
huras rv.
hrut v.b.
hvaraka c.
hvaras v.b.
Pres. [l.J

'?

INDEXES
OF

AND CONJUGATION-STEMS.

TENSEThe foUo-wing

give the stems of the various tense- and conjugation-systems, each mode of formation by itself. Mode-stems are not added,
lists

except in the case of the aorist-optatives,

atives are included.

of the language,

For the sake of

among which

illustrating

more

the so-called prccclearly the ,histor}-

the stems of each formation are presented in three

divisions.

A. Stems found

only in the earlier language (of Veda

Brahmana,

Upanishad, Sutra)

B. Stems found
C. Stems found

in both the earlier

and the later language

and classical) language only.
In these divisions the stems follow one another not alphabetically,
;

in the later (epic

but in the order of the roots as presented above. The references to periods
are in an abbreviated form only the five principal periods are noted

namely Veda Brahmana Sutra epos classics (the Vedas are not separated, and Upanishad is included in Brahmana); and, in each division, all
references are omitted if the stem is found through the whole division
in
(that is, in A. is omitted the specification of V.B.S. in B., that of v.+
,

C,

that of E. +1.

and the

Also, all accents, question-marks, variety of stem-forms,

like, are left out;

work may be

for such details,

when

desired, the

body of the

consulted.

Further particulars as to some of the

lists are

given under the diffe-

rent heads below.

PRESENT- STEMS,

I.

Root-class

am

v.B.

kr

ad-class, second class'

chand

v.

[use.]

v.n.

2 jaks v.b.
jan v.b.

[143.]

taks v.b.
tad v.
tu v.
tur v.

id v.B.

ir v.B.

u V.
uh V.

ksnu

ji V.

gam

jus

v.

tvaks

tak

v.

tvis

B.

ksi
ksi

ei

V.

v.B.
v.

v.

14*

v.

v.

212
dan V.
dah V.
da V.
2 da
1

di

B.

da9 V.
dr V.

drbh
1

dra

B.
V.

dha V.
dhu B.
dhrs V.
nins V.
ni v.s.

ad

I.

VIVIS

V.

vavrt v.B.
vivyac v.

sisae

SUSU

B.
jighra

Present-Stems.

V.

sisr

V.

juhu

V.

v.c.

titr v.c.

dada

babhas

dadlia

bibhi

v.b.c.

jihr

bibhr

s.

juhur

V.

Earlier aiul Later Language.

pipr
pipr

213

[16.

V.

214

Indexes.

5.

The stems

kuru
ksanu

V.+
+

e.

6.

u-class (tan-class, eighth class).

tanu

V.

taru

V.

usna

Earlier Language.

driina

v.

V.

ksina v.b.
2 grna v.s.

grbhna
juna V.

v.b.

sina

sprna b.
hrna v.b.

b.

^amnl

(jcamni

v.

qrathna

mrna

orina

v.b.

hruna

v.

v.

v.b.

Earlier and Later Language.

[I7.j

prina

mathna
musna
mrdna s. +

9V^^
stabhna

badhna

lunaK.+

strna

puna

C. Later Language.
E.

b.

mma v.b.

jana

aQni

2 (jrina v.b.

subhna b.
skabhna v.b.

v.

2 acjna

[53.]

vrni v.
vlina b.
1

bhrina

krina
1 grna
grathna
grhna

s.

rina

v.

v.B.s.

hanu

v.b.

prna
prusna

B.

b.

sanu

v.b.

hy periods.

[31.]

ramna

drni e

isna
iibhna

v.

v.B.s.

na-class (kri-class, ninth class).

jina

V.

manu
vanu

A.
ini

[%.]

of this olass are too few to he worth dividing

[5.]

vrna

I.

dasa

Present-Stems.

21

216

I.

kunca

c.

Presknt-Stkms.

21

218

II.

Perfect-Stems.

21'.>

220

II.

tatr, ter

Perfect-Stems.

221

222

Indexes.

cachrd

c.

jajap, jep

jajalp

e.

E.

jajrmbh

dudhauk
tatad
tutus

c.

tatyaj
tatras, tres

tutrut c.
tatvar
didih E.
didip c.
2

dadra

dadhma

c.

e.

dadhav c.
dadhvan c.
nanad, ned
nanand
nanard e.

nunu

c.

nanrt

raraj, rej

vavrnh

papath c.
pupuj E.

raras

vivyath

pupur

lalajj

c.

paphal
phel c.

rurud

QaQas e.
9U9ubli

lalap, lep

luluth

mamajj

lulu

mamanth

lulok

c.

mimil

luloc

c.

c.

9a9lagli
c.

sasa s.
sisev
caskhal

c.

sasna

c.

vavah

jahas

mamrd

1 vivid c.
vivyaj e.

jihes

c.

jihri

c.

E.

vaval c.
vavalg E.

sasvaii

raras, res

AORIST-STEMS.

is

[737.]

p. added, only optative or precative forms occur.

1.

given.

Root-aorist.
The

[140.]

passive-aorist third persons will be found

further on, under VII.

A.

ad

c.

pusphut c.
sasmr e.
sasyand c.
sasvad c.

vavap

III.

p. B.

c.

qaQvas

mimis c.
mimil c.
miumus c.
m^umurch

mamla

c.

a qeva. c.

lalam c.
lalamb

babhraj

c.

(ji^iks desid.

e.
c.

babhan c.
lalas, les
babha
lalas c.
babhas
babhram, bhrem lulunc

From stems with

Simply the root

E.

c.

Earlier Language. [112.]

III.

yam

v.

AORIST-SXKMS.

22H

224

Indexes.
B.

astha

apa
krudha

Pearlier

and Later Language.

ruha
voca

9uca
sada

mrsa

vrta

sica

9aka

srasa

gama

yuja

chida

rudha

na9a
yasa

rica

v.c.

C. Later Language.

3.

lipa

c.

ruea

c.

apipa

v.b.

cikama
cikrta

Earlier Language.

dudusa
dudrii

b.

'lOl.]

v.b.

mimrna

v.

didhara

yiyaja

didlir

eukrudha

neq

yuyu V.
yuyupa

v.

v.

jigama
jugupa

v.b.
B.s.

V.

v.b.

nuim

V.

pipata
papta

pipada

v.b.

jigr V.

pupura

V.B.

b.

cucyava
eueyu v.
jijabha

v.b.

pipara v.
2 pipara v.b.
papratha v.
piplava b.
1

bubudha

v.

v.

babhaksa

b.

jijasa B.

bibhaj

jajas

bibhaya

v.

bibhisa

v.e.

V.

tatansa
titara

v.

bubhuva

v.

titrsa V.B.

titrasa

v.

dadaksa
didiksa

b.

jijana
titrpa

vivata
vivas a
viva^a

b.
E.

vavr

v.

B.
V.

v.

9i9vita

v.

e.

v.

sisadha
SllSU

v.E.

v.b.

B.

susu B.
susuda
sisrpa

B.

B.

V.B.
v.
v.

v.b.

susru V.B.
sasvaja v.
sisvada v.b.
sisvap V.

v.

V.

mimada v.b.
mimi v.

vivrta

mimisa

9u.(juca V.B.

b.

9a9vaca

sisrasa

V.

v.

vivyatha

v.b.

tustava
pispr9a
sisyada

V.

V.

vivipa
vivara

9U9rviva

sisada
sisapa

b.s.

lulvibha

v.b.

cu9cuta s.
9i9nath v.
9i9ratha v.b.

b.

jihida

v.

jihvara

b.

ciklpa
cicara
titapa

v.

v.

v.

vavaksa

vivija

b.

b.

ruruca v.b.
rurupa v.b.
lilikha

9U9ubha

9191-1 V.

i-iradha

ririca

jigr V.

cicata

b.

rirama

V.

jigrabha b.
jighasa B.

v.b.

v.

mimrja b.
mimrsa v.

V.

cikrsa v.
cikrada v.b.
ciksipa

E.

[154.]

mumuha

V.

dadhav

B.

hrsa

Reduplicated Aorist.

didyuta

B.

[7.]

c.

qlisa

c.

A.

amama

[IS.]

dyutaB.+
druha v.e.

B. Earlier and Later Language. [17.]

didipa v.c.
ninama v.c.
didipa b.e.
ninaQa
didrQa b. +
mimara b.c.
dudruva k.+
2 riradha b.c.

ririsa

vivrdha
9i9ama
9i9riya

v.b.

in. Aorisx-Stems.

C. Later Language.

225

^:\0.]

cikasa c.
cikara c.
jigraha c.

titvara

e.

mumuca

didaha

c.

mimrda

cucuda E.
cucura c.
cachada c.

didara
pipisa E.
bibhara e.

cichida

bibhrama
mimila c.

duduha

e.

yuyuja

c.

yujrudha
riraca

jijnapa, jijnipa

v.

jijapa, jijipa

e.

B.C.

ruruja
aorists

e.

c.

ruruva
e.

jijaya e.
Here appended are the reduplicated

arpipa

c.
e.

c.

lulupa
vivicja

vivysa R.
vividha e.
9i9aya k.
jighana
jijaha

c.

from causative stems

9i9rapa
tisthipa

b.

v.b.

K.
c".

jihipa

c.

in p.
v.

226

III.

B.
a(jis

Aorist-Stems.

Earlier and Later Language.

227
[21.

Indexes.

22S

IV.
La.
If

from any root

FUTURE STEMS.

Sibilant Future without

[347.]

i.

[131.]

IV. Future Stems.

Sibilant Future with

lb.

The prefixed

sign

+ shows that from the same

without

A.
anisya
avisya

b.

v.b.

a9nuvisya b.
indhisya s.
esisya
i9isya

b.
b.

uksisya

b.s.

arisya b.
artisya v.

ardhisya

b.

kamisya

b.

aqisya b. +
asisya
asisya b.+
+ ayisya b.+
iksisya b. +
1 karisya
+ kramisya b. +
+ ksamisya b. +

khanisya
gamisya

b.+

garisya

b.c.

+ arcisya

c.

karisya e.
+ kartisya c.
+ kalpisya c.
kridisya c.
+ ksayisya e.
2

khadisya e.
gadisya e.
gahisya
grasisya
glahisya
ghatisya
calisya

e.
c.

b.

dyotisya

b.

dhavisya

made

a futurc-ct/^ra

h.s.

b.

jvalisya

(jansisya

9a8i8ya

h.

manisya v.b.
mohisya b.
mardisya b.
mradisya b.

(jarisya

h.

diksisya b. +
dharisya

bhavisya
bharisya
mathisya

b.

milisya

b.

varsisya

jvarisya e.
+ tapisya e.
+ tyajisya
trasisya e.

dadisya e.
dalisya c.
+ dahisya
devisya

namisya
nartisya
phalisya

b.

qrayisya b. +
sarisya
starisya h.c.
+ svapisya v.b.
+ hanisya
hinsisya b.+
harisya b. +

b.e

[71.]

+ bandhisya

badhisya
+ bhajisya

e.

bhramisya

rodisya

c.

+ rohisya

e.

lagisya

bhasisya o.
bhiksisya e.

lasisya

c.

c.

+ raksisya

c.

racisya

c.

rocisya

e.

b.

c.

likhisya

bhrajisya
+ majjisya e.

e.

c.

lambisya

c.

margisya e.
modisya e.
yamisya c.

c.

+ labhisya

e.

dhamisya
dhavisya
nandisya

b.

hvadisya

+ (jayisya b.+

vadisya
b.

+ hvayisya

vrajisya . +
9a8i8ya h. +

yatisya b.+
yacisya b.+
lapisya b. +

tarisya s.+

+ nayisya

sanisya v.b.
1 savisya n.
+ stavisya v.

43.]

marisya

b.h.

patisya

b.

vedisya b.
varisya .
vyayisya s.

prosisya b.
manthisyaB.s.

Earlier and Later Language

jivisya

vanisya s.
vayisya v.

grahisya b. +
carisya n.+
j anisya
+ jayisya b.e.

also

is

+ darpisya

+ na9isya

e.

root

[isft.]

i.

C. Later Language.

atisya

i.

Earlier Language. [^4.]

kasisya b.
+ karsisya .
+ khy ayisya n.
1 garisya s.
gardhisya b.
granthisya b.
japisya b.
jinvisya b.
daksisya b.
daghisya b.
dadisya b.
B.

229

c.

lunthisya

c.

vadhisya
+ vapisya
+ vasisya
+

k.

vahisya
vijisya, vej-

+ varti^ya

Indexes.

230
9apisya

b.

(jocisya

gobhisya b.
9vasisya b.

A.

b.

kamita

b.

jnata

b.

dhata

B.

jeta

gamta

b.+

data

ceta e.
tayita

c.

tapta E.
drasta e.
dharta c.

V.

vodha

b.

vedita

b.

bhavita
vaktaB.

k.e.

na9ita e.
nindita e.
neta, nayita
patita E.

bhankta e.
bhokta E.
mathita e.

[10.

b.e.

Qayita

harta

b.c.

b.e.

[30.]

yoddha

e.

9rota

raksita
rata c.

e.

e.

E.

sodha

labdha
vetta
vesta

9ramita

b.

E.
E.

veddha

e.

sthata

smarta e.
svapta E.
hanta e.

yata

SECONDA.RY CONJUGATION-STEMS.

A.
v.

b.

vrasta b.
sota B.
srasta b.

b.e.

Passive Stems.

For causative passives

ajya

vartita

1.

[ss.]

yuvita b.
yokta b.

C. Later Language.

avita c.
grahita e.
ghattita e.

e.

e.

Earlier and Later Language.

s.

avajisya
hasisya
jahisya

Earlier Language. [18.]

janitaB. +

eta B.+

karta

e.
e.

sravisya

dhyata b.
pakta B.
bharta b.
mrasta v.
yasta

b.

smarisya

Periphrastic Future,

2.

apta B.
ardhita

sevisya e.
sphutisya

+ sidisya c.
+ sahisya
+ sedhisya c.
+ 2 savisya

etc.,

[259.]

see under VI.

Earlier Language.

[37.]

[115.3.I

V. Secokdary Conjugation-Stems.

231

Indexes.

232
1

bhujya

c.

c.

miya
miya

ramya
rujya

inr9ya

lapya

mrsya

e.

xtinaya

c.

yaya e.
yacya

9liBya

c.

sahya

c.

vriya

e.

siya

e.

e.

vrajya

sidhya
srpya
sevya
stabhya
spr9ya

c.

9akya
9ankya c.
9apya c.

c.

e.

c.

syandya
supya
hasya c.

(jamya
9asya
1 9isya c.
1 9iya e.

c.

vadhya
vandya
usya

c.

9laghya

vidhya

lambya
lihya

c.

9ramya

c.

vantya

ijya

yatya

c.

e.

musya

c.

vidya
vi9ya c.
1

radhya
c.

rudya
ruhya

milya

vanchya c
vaqya c.

c.

rabhya

bhrjjya

manya

rajya

hiya

c.

c.

yudhya
2,

Intensive Stems.

+ prefixed shows that there

[i67.]

another stem from the same root in another

is

division.

lyay

b.

alar

v.

A. Earlier Language [105.]

totudya s.
babadh , badtartr ,

caka9, -9ya
karikr, carikr

taritr

barbrh

v.

tatrasya

danda9

V.B.

canikhud s.
kanikhun b.
+ ganigam v.b.
+ jagam v.

dandramya b.
dedhi B.
+ davidhu

+ galgal

dardlir,

jangah v,
jOgU V.B.
jargur v.
2 jargur, jalgul V.
+ earcar v.b.
1

v.b.

v.b.

v.

dadhr

V.B.

nannam, -mya
navinu, nonu v.
nonudya b.
V.

v.b.

pepi9

janjapya b.
+ janjabh v.s.

popruth V.
paniphan, para-

v.

V.B.

phan

v.s.

tetij V.B.

parphar

tavitu

balbal

V.

b.

+ lalap

v.

V.

memi v.
memih b.
2 memi v.
momiih
marmrj,
+

marmrd

V.B.

leli B.s.

v.

vavae v.
vavad, -dya v.b.
vinivan v.
+ vanivahya b.s.
+ vava9 v.

s.

-jya,

marimrjya

ealcal, cacalv.B.

tantas

v.

B.

papat
panipan

bhr

v.b.

dedi B.
dardr, dadr

dodru

2 roru v.
roruc V.

+ jarbhr, bhari-

dedi9, -9ya

davidyut

V.B.

jarbhiu'

b.

v.

carkr v.
carkrs v.b.
kanikrand,
-kradya v.b.

B.

badli

tartur,

v.

vevic

s.

vevij, -jya

vevid

v.

v.

vevis, -sya v.b.

marmr9, marimr9ya v.b.

vevi, -iya

mamrs

varivrj v,
varvrt, varivrt,

s.

malimlue s.
yanyam. v.
1 yoyu v.
2 yoyu v.b.
yaviyTidh

yoyupya
raraj

b.s.

v.

rarandh
rarap

v.

v.

v.

rerih, -hya v.b.

varivr

-tya

v.b.

V.B.

vevliya

9O9UC

v.b.

b.

V.B.

9U9UJ V.
cani9cad v.
9a9vas v.
sanisan v.
sesidh v.
SOSU V.

V. Secondary CoNjrGATiox-STEMS.
sarsr

coskuya

v.

+ sarisrpya

tanstan

b.

kaniskand, eaniskad v.

cankram, -mya

jaugam

b.

n.c.

dodhu

v.E.

v.n.

nya

[21.]

pepiya m.c.
popluya b. +

y&yS H.+
+ lelih

nanad, -dya

+ carcurya

nenij

bobudh
bobhu

cekit

neniya

yayaj b.+

v.

v.u.

jagr
v.c.

jarhya

v.

Earlier and Later Language.

daridra
+

ghanighan

v.

sanisvan
janghan

panispad v.
sanisyad v.u.
B.

sanisras

v.
v.

2;n

u.c.

roru
+

II.

lolup, -pya

B.

johu

janjabhya b.+
C. Later Language.

jagadya

+ galgalya

jegiya
jaghat

dadhmaya c.
+ dodhuya
dandhvan e.

c.

nanardya

c.

jajam e.
jarijrmbh

bambhram,
-mya c.
+

papacya

c.

papath, -thya

tatapya
dandah, -hya
dedipya
daridr9ya c.

panipadya

bobhuj, -jya
+ baribhr c.

prefixed

+ in

c.

rarasya e.
+ roruya
rorud, -dya

+ sarisrp

jahasya
johu c.

rorudh

jarihr

B.

B.

juguksa

V.

+ clear sa

b.

2 cikisa

ciksisa

B.

cichitsa

b.

+jujyusa,jijy-B.

jijyasa

v.b.

tutursa

v.

titrtsa V.B.

k.
e.

c.

e.

c.

jehriya

c.

[i62.]

same

Pearlier

dhipsa
dhlksa b.
didasa
dip-,

didhisa
dhisa V.

v.b.

v.

didhyasa

b.

dudhiirsa v.b.
inaksa v.
ninitsa v.s.
pipisa V.
piprisa V.

i.

Language.

V.

root is

made

also a

class.

Stems without

titrpsa

cuksusa

e.

+ lalapya

either class indicates that from the

A.

jigasa

c.

vavah c.
+ vavaqya
+

90(jubhya

Desiderative Stems.

a.

V.B.

b.

rarat

stem of the other

irtsa

c.

lolubhya

+ lelihya

3.

c.

c.

loluth

c.

c.

jajval, -lya

c.

momuhya

marlmr

c.

narinrt, -tya
c.

[41.]

[122.]
[4S.]

mimiksa

(juquksa

iyaksa v.b.
yiyapsa s.

(ju9ut8a

s.

(ji9lik8a

v.

yiyamsa

sisafiksa

h.

yuyiisa

v,

ririkaa

v.

ruruksa
vivasa v.
1

sisasa

siksa
v.

vivatsa
vivrksa b,
vivrtsa v.h.
vivyatsa b.
b.

b.

v.b.

V.B.

sisirsa

b.

tistirsa

b.

tustur^a
jihisa

v.

U.S.

V.

jvihiiBa

s.

juhusa

H.

Indexes.

234

Earlier and Later Language.

B.
Ipsa

titirsa B.+

cikirsa

ditsa

+ jigamsa

duduksa

jigisa

v.c.

+ jugupsa B.+
+ jighrksa b.+

cikisa

du-

du-

b.

2 jigisa

dhitsa
ninisa
2 pitsa

titiksa

(jiksa

mumuksa

9U9inisa

moksa

c.

ciksipsa

c.

cikhyasa
cieisa

c.

c.

titansa

c.

c.

didiksa

bubhutsa

c.

b.

A.
edidhisa b.
eikramisa e.
+ jigrahisa b.

c.

e.

[40.]

Earlier Language.

[12.]

b.

+ pipatisa

rurucisa
vivadisa

b.

v.b.

vivitsa

viviksa
viviksa
tustusa c.
sisnasa e.
pisprksa
jihasa c.

c.

9i9asisa

e.

s.

b.

tistighisa

b.s.

jihinsisa

Earlier and Later Language.

+ jijivisa b.+

i.

didiksisa

riramsa

Stems with

+ cicarisa
jijanisa b.

B.
a9i9isa b.+

[30.]

yuyuksa

didhaksa
c.

jihirsa

mitsa c.
yiyaksa
yiyasa

pitsa

b.

jighansa

b.

ninamsa c.
nunutsa c.
1

b.

susupsa B.+

bubhuksa
mimanksa

pupiisa c.
+ piprksa

c.

b.

sisrpsa
tisthasa

b.c.

didrasa c.
didhirsa c.

c.

tityaksa

sisrksa
s.+

ruruksa

C. Later Language.

cikrisa

b.

rurutsa

B.C.

+
vivitsa B. +

mimansa

ripsa

pipasa
+ bibhatsa

jijnasa

vivaksa
+

b.

mumxirsa
yuyutsa

dh.ru- B.C.

cikitsa

bubhursa

lipsa

dudruksa

jighatsa
1

bibhitsa v.e.
bubhiisa

dhu- v.c.
didrksa

[4 4.]

b.

b.

[5.]

+ bibadhisa

b.c.

+ vividisa

b.

+ jigaraisa b.+
C. Later Language.
esisisa

+ jugupisa

c.

iciksisa

cicalisa

c.

e.

cikhadisa
jigadisa

bibhaksisa

c.

cikridisa

c.

b.

bibhanisa

c.

mimardisa

c.

eucurabisa c.
ninartisa c.
+ piprchisa c.

cikartisa

[23.

e.

riraksisa

e.

b.

rurudisa c.
vivandisa c.
vivarsisa e.

For desideratives from causatives, see telow, under VI.

vivrajisa
9i9ayisa

c.

c.

9U9obh.isa
9i9arisa

c.

c.

9i9raniisa

c.

V. Secondary CoyjvGh/rvj^r&^uk.
X-.

4.

ilaya

v.b.s.

isaya

rv.

krntaya

Earlier Laugaage.

tujaya v.
to9aya v.
tusaya v.
turaya v.
tardaya s.
dans ay a v.

v.b.

avaya v.b.
2 asaya b.

s.

krpaya v.b.
krathaya b.
krudaya b.
1 ksayaya v.
gadaya s.
gayaya b.
gulphaya s.
gurdhaya v.
grbhaya v.
grasaya b.s.
eaksaya v.b.
2 cataya v.b.

-7^

Causative Stems. ^Ifs^^-

A.

amaya

daksaya

banhaya n.
barhaya v.
bhra9aya v.

9ucaya

9iindhaya

ranhaya

dhanaya v.
dhvasaya v.
dhvanaya v.b.
nabhaya b.

raj ay a v.

9nathaya v.
9yayaya u.
9rathaya v.u.
9vancaya v.
sapaya b.
savaya s.
sphavaya u.
srevaya v.

nambhaya

b.s.

ranaya

risaya

v.

rucaya v.
1 ropaya b.

phanaya

b.s.

B.

anjaya

adaya
anaya

s.+
b.

arc ay a

arhaya s. +
a9aya e.+
1 apaya b. +
ingaya
iksaya
inkhaya
iraya

uksaya

edhaya

s.+

arjaya s.+

ardaya
ardhaya

b.+

kalaya b.+

ka9aya
kopaya
kudaya
kiilaya

s.

s.

kledaya

s.

[231.

ksalaya

cyavaya
chadaya
chandaya
chedaya s. +
chardaya +
j anaya

)i.+

v.c.
s.

garhaya b. +
guhaya 3.+
grahaya b.+
ghosaya
gharaya

kramay a

camaya

car ay a b. +
cetaya
cintaya n. +

codaya

karaya b.+
1 kartaya s. +
kar9aya
kalpaya
krandaya
b.

n.

kvathaya s.+
ksaraya b. +
ksodaya
khanaya
gamaya

v.

hvalaya n.
hvaraya n.

krodhaya

s.+

v.u.
n.s.

hiirchaya

v.

kridaya

v.u.

2 hasaya v.
hedaya v.

vanaya v.
2 vapaya s.

b.c.

kamaya
kampaya

9rivaya

uksaya v.
vaksaya v.

Earlier and Later Language.

ejaya

9C0taya

v.

tamaya

v.b.

v.

9ubhaya

v.

jyotaya v.
tansaya v.b.

b.

jambhaya

b.h.

mradaya b.
y&vaya v.b.
yopaya

vajaya
vataya

v.b.

9injaya

mai'caya

v.b.

spaqaya
pinvaya b.
prothaya s.

chadaya
chayaya

va9aya v.s.
vipaya v.
vidaya
barhaya v.

dasaya v.b.
da9aya b.
drnhaya
dyutaya v.

rejaya v.
limp ay a s.

v.

valgaya s.
1 vasaya v.u.

manhaya v.
mantaya b.
mandaya v.
meksaya b.s.

b.

dambhaya

fioo.]

nardaya b.
navaya b.
pathaya b.s.
panaya v.

citaya

23:)

ry

n.

cestaya

h.

>;.

jasaya
jivaya
josaya
jaraya

b.

236

Indexes.

jvalaya b.+

tanaya v.c.
tapaya
tosaya b. +
taraya
tarpaya
tarsaya b.+
trasaya
tvSraya

dan9aya

s.+

damaya
diksaya
dip ay a
dusaya

b.

prinaya
plSvaya

reeaya b. +
resaya
ravaya s. +
rocaya

s.+

b.

b.+

s.+

mahaya
b.+

dharsaya b.+

dhvansaya b. +
dhvanaya v.c.
nadaya v.e.
nandaya e.+

majjaya

b.

manthaya

s.

b.

madaya
manaya
mehaya v.c.

vestaya
1 varaya
varjaya
vartaya

nejaya b.+

marjaya

nodaya

mrdaya

vardhaya
varsaya
vyathaya
vyadhaya

b.+

nartaya

inar9aya

pacaya b. +
pataya b.+
pataya
padaya
payaya
pesaya s. +
pidaya
posaya
pavaya b.+
pujaya s.

medaya
yajaya
yataya

b.

b.

yamaya
yacaya
yodhaya
raksaya b.c.
randhaya v. +

ramaya
rahaya

s.+

b.

sarjaya

sarpaya

s.

skandaya

+
b.

stanaya
stavaya b. +
stobhaya v.c.
snehaya v.c.
b.

sphalaya b.c
sphurjaya
syandaya
aransaya
sravaya
svadaya

b.c.

vrajaya b.+
9ansaya
9ataya
9apaya
1

b.

9vasaya
sadaya
sayaya b.+
sadhaya v. +
secaya s.+
sedhaya s. +
sudaya
saraya

spandaya
spar9aya
sprhaya

vejaya b.+

modaya b.+
mohaya v.+
murchaya b.+
maraya

s.

vacaya b.+
vaneaya b. +
vadaya b. +
1 vapaya b. +
2 vasaya
3 vasaya
1 vahaya b.+

milaya b.+

na9aya
nahaya

9ravaya
9lesaya

vedaya
vepaya
ve9aya

namaya

9ramaya s. +
9rambhaya s. +

lekhaya s.+
lehaya b. +
lopaya b. +
lobhaya

b.c.

bhavaya
bhramaya

rodaya
rohaya
2 ropaya
1 lapaya

lambhaya

bhajaya
bhalaya b.c.
bhasaya b.+
bhasaya b. +
bhisaya b.+
bhojaya

908aya
9ardhaya v.c.
9ranaya s. +

rajaya

radhaya

bandhaya
badhaya
bodhaya
bhaksaya

bhayaya

dohaya b.+
daraya
dar9aya
dyotaya
dravaya

dhavaya
2 dhavaya
dharaya

puraya
1 par ay
pyayaya
prathaya

9amaya

9ayaya s.+
90caya
9odhaya b. +
9obhaya

svanaya v.c.
s vapaya
svaraya
s vedaya b. +
ghataya b. +
havaya s. +
haraya
harsaya
hrasaya s. +
hradaya b. +
hladaya b. +

V. Secondary Conjugation-Stems.
C. Later Language.

ancaya c.
1 asaya e. +
ay ay a c.
indhaya c.

ghattaya

uhaya
uhaya

c.

gharsaya e.
cakasaya c.
cataya c.
carcaya e. +
carvaya c.

1 esaya c.
ichaya e.
2 esaya e. +
idaya c.

e.

ghurnaya

c.

calaya e. +
cay ay a c.

e.

cumbaya

c.

katthaya e.
kalaya e. +
kasaya c.

coraya e. +
cusaya c.
cyotaya c.

kanksaya e.
kuncaya e.+
kocaya e.+
kuttaya c.
kothaya c.

chodaya c.
churaya e.+
choraya c.
javaya c.
jrmbhaya c.

kunaya

jvaraya

c.

kiraya e.
2 kartaya c.
karsaya e. +

taflkaya

kro9aya

dvalaya

klamaya

dayaya

c.

kle9aya e.+

kvanaya c.
ksamaya e. +

c.

tarjaya e.+

tejaya e.+
todaya e. +

trotaya

c.

galaya

dayaya

c.

c.

gahaya c.
gunthaya c.
gopaya e.+

gumphaya
guraya
giraya

c.

c.
c.

granthaya e.
grathaya c.
ghataya e. +

c.

tadaya e. +
tarkaya e. +

ksayaya e. +
ksepaya e.+
ksobhaya e. +
ksvedaya e.
khadaya e. +
khedaya e. +
khelaya c.
2

tolaya e.+
tulaya e. +
tyajaya e.+

trapaya

c.

dalaya

dahaya
de9aya
dehaya
1 devaya c.
2 devaya
davaya c.
dolaya

c.

darpaya

laksaya
l&gaya c.
langhaya

dhunaya

lajjaya c

nataya

lambaya

c.

nadaya
nayaya
pathaya c.
panaya c.
pothaya

l&laya

par ay a c.
phalaya e.
bolaya c.
brnhaya
bhartsaya
bhiksaya c.

c.

mandaya
mathaya
margaya
melaya c.
mocaya
motaya c.
musaya c.
mraksaya c.
mrksaya e.
mardaya
marsaya
mredaya
yasaya
yojaya
racaya

c.

c.

lolaya

lokaya
locaya

valaya

e.
e.
c.

c.

va9aya c.
vanchaya e.
2 vahaya c.
vecaya c
2 vedaya e.
vesaya
vijaya

varaya
vedhaya e.
vridaya c.
9ankaya c.
2 9 am ay a
2

9esaya
9lathaya
9laghaya
sanjaya

c.

sahaya

ranaya

c.

c.

rodhaya
rundhaya
1

c.

sajjaya

ranjaya
ringaya

lunthaya
lodaya

vamaya

e.

bhran9aya

lasaya
lepaya
layaya c.
1 lothaya
2 lothaya

vadhaya
vandaya

bhedaya
bhusaya
bharaya

bhrajaya

c.

dhaukaya

c.

darbhaya c.
dvesaya c.
dhuksaya

bhai'jjaya

c.

dambaya

fl'jO.]

c.

237

rosaya
rosaya

sincaya e.
sivaya c.

sevaya c
e.

c.

skambhaya
skhalaya c
stambhaya

c.

238

Indexes.

staraya
sthagaya

spharaya
sphuraya

c.

sphataya
sphotaya

smayaya
smaraya

c.

hasaya c.
hinsaya e.
hikkaya c.

helaya

c.
c.

The causative stems showing

added

hvayaya
hresaya

c.

e.

vowel may be given by

to a final

themselves, as follows (with headings of divisions omitted): [33.]

ksapaya
ksepaya v.
gapaya b. +

apaya b.+
arpaya
khyapaya b. +
2

glapaya

knopaya
ksapaya

drapaya b.
2 dhapaya v.b.

apaya b.s.
dapaya s.

c.

mlapaya
yapaya b,+

ksmapaya c.
dhmapaya

2 mapaya
smapaya

Finally, the bastard stems with

ksalapaya

s.

kridapaya

ksamapaya

v.b.

vapaya

b.+

b.

b.

hapaya

qrapaya
sthapaya
snapaya

1 hapaya
hrepaya c.

(as in Prakrit) to a final

[11.]

s.

bhunj apaya
melapaya c.

diksapaya e.
bhidapaya c.

e.

lapaya

ap added

consonant:

a9apaya

mapaya

ghrapaya b.+
jnapaya
1 dapaya
1 dhapaya

qrapaya

c.

likhapaya

c.

vardhapaya

jivapaya

VI.

TERTIARY

(derivative

from secondary)

GATION-STEMS.
la.

cikitsyaE.+
jijnasyaE. +
jnipsya c.

mimansya
rurutsya

A.
b.

lipsya

c.

v.

b.s.

lb. Passives

iiigya

[202.]

Passives from Desideratives.

dhitsya

c.

jiliirsya

c.

from Causatives.

Earlier Language.

[ii.]

<ju9rusya e.+

b.

vivaksya
9ik8ya

CONJU-

[9.]

[u?.]

c.

c.

VI. Tkrtiaky Conjugation-Stkms.

239

Indexes.

240

3a.

jagaraya

b.

Causatives from Intensives.

danda(jaya

dadharaya

c.

3b. Causatives

cikirsaya

c.

A.

V.

aceti

V.

b.

b.s.

achedi
ajani

v.b.

atayi

b.

atapi

V.B.

atari

v.b.

dayi v.b.
adarQl v.
apati B.

api B.+
akari

agami

asi

c.

aiksi

ohi

v.c.

c.

c.

akiiji

c.

agadi

c,

ataiiki

c.

adhari c.
apuri c,
abhaksi c.

from Desideratives.

SUNDRIES.

Passive Aorists (third persons singular)

The unaugmented form

ardhi
ksayi
ghosi

varivarjaya

qiksaya e.+

VII.
1

b.

is

given, if the

Earlier

[92.]

augmented does not

occur.

v.

VTT. SirNDRTES.

2.

211

Aorist Optatives (includius Precatives)

Those stems from wliich

sign and ending) are

acitual pre(;ativ(:

made

forms (with

sihilaiit

arc to be recognized by their

[iis."|

between mode-

lliial

sibilant.

The

optatives of the a-aorist (2d form) are not included (excepting videsta).
The
aorist-stems here instanced have all been given above in the aorist-lists, whether

other than optative-forms are

adyas

b.

made from them

a.

Active Stems,

A.

Earlier Language. [ls.|

[i,.!.]

or not.

242

Indexes.

vanisis
vansisi

vides v.
vuri v.b.
vardhisi

v.
v.

vandisi

V.

B.

saksi
saksi

sasahis
strsi

sahisi

b.s.

Earlier

v.

v.b.

v.

v.

v.

and Later Language.

[1.]

ririsis v.c.

Here may be added the problematical optatives in es from

namely,

khyes b.s., ges

and jes

v.B.s. (}/ji).

v.n.s.,

jnes

des

b.s.,

yes

v.,

ses

sthes

n.,

v.b.;

Periphrastic Perfects (primary conjugation)

3.

The periphrastic

perfects of secondary conjugation (very

sative, quite rare for the desiderative,

are not given.

With

present

cayam kr

v.b.,

roots in a:

b.

vidam

(c.).

are

numerous

for the

cau-

unknown for the intensive, except y jagr)

made also a periphrastic aorist (b.) and

The headings

of the divisions are omitted.

vasam kr b.
vyayam kr b.
vidam kr b.s.
juhavam kr b.
edham kr, bhu b.c.
nayam as, kr e. smayam as e.
bibharam bhu c. hvay am as, kr e.

grnise

stuse

punise

hise

yajase

+++

INDEX OF ROOTS.
Arranged
The designation

of periods is according to the verb-forms only.

no such forms are

but

it

in reversed iilphiil)eUcHl order.

left

undesignated. It seemed better not

may be added

more than

that of the

forms of conjugation, nearly

jya

ga V. +
ga V.+
cha V. +

dhya . +
pya V. +
vya V. +

ja V.+
jna V.+

9ya V.+

ta

2
i

4
1

tan)
V.

s.

tra

2
.5

v.ii.

V.+
V.

V.+

i v.L.

ci V. +

v.B.

dra V. +
dra v. +
daridra

sti (stya)
1

di

pi (pi)

ksnu

pi (piy)

tu

ti c.

bhi
da)

mi

V.

9ra V.+
la

ri v.B.s.

2 9ri (9ra)

jri V.

hri

9la

V.

B.

va V.+
2 va V. +
3 va (van)
9va (9u)
hva (hu)
1

dhma(dham) 9a V.+
ksa v.B.s.
ksma c.
sa V.+
ya V.+
2
sa (san)
khya v. +
1

(;5

9ri

vi

V.

(2

va)

9vi 9U)

V.

li V.

V.

stu

V.

nu V. +
nu v.B.s.

snu

9ri v.B.

vr)

du V.+
dhu (dhu)

V.

2 stu

V.

V.

bhri

pri

V.

v.B.s.

mi V. +
2 mi (mi)
smi V. +

c.

pi V.+

v.B.

iirnu

ji V.+

li.

2 ji v.B.

kri V.+

pra

dhi V. +
didhi (dhi)
ni V.+

ri (ri)

dra)

u V.
2 u 2 va
ku (ku)
sku V
gu v.B.
1

2 di V.B.s.
didi (2 di)

dhi B.+

(1

language.
si

v.B.

di

mla

ma V.
ma V. +
ma

v.B.

ha
ha

pa V. +
2 pa V.
spha B
bha V. +
.

tiic later

gla

psa

2 ci V.+

V.

by ]ieriods;

occur only in the earlier language, nearly 5lMi

2(10

V.

V.

sna V.+

H.c.

ghra

da V. +
da V.+
da V.+
da B.+
dha V. +
dha V. +

mna

ra
2 ra
1

sta

stha

v.n.s.

sty a

to classify

here recorded as niakinir

80(( roots

in both earlier and later, and less tliau 150 only in

ka v.D.s.
kha (khan

Uoots liavinp

u.

hnu v.+
yu v. +
2 yu v.B.s.
1

2 li B.s.

cyu

v.

pli

dyu

c.

B.

9i (9a)
1

ksi v.B.
ksi V.+

si (1 sa)

hi

V.

bli (vli)

vli

v.B.s.

vi

vi (vya)

91

ru
ru

v.

v. 11.

kmi
dru V. +
dhru (dhvr
pru v.B.s.

v.B.

V.li.S.

2 91 V.+
ji (jya)

3 9i

(9ya)

di E.+

ksi

(2 kai)

16'

9ru V. +
9ru (aru)

244
sru V.+

Index of Roots.

++

+ +

Inpex of Roots,

bhan

put c.
sphut

ii.+

mut

c.

trut

c.

man

kvan c.
kun c.

ghatt E. +
kutt E. +

prn

mant

ghiirn
at V.+

vant

puth K. +
pruth v.ii.s.

b.c.
c.

u.
u.

pr)

(1

mrn

katth

mr)

(2

e.

V.

cat

cest

V.

pat +
pat v.B.
yat V. +
vat V.

path B. +
ruth E.
1

luth

luth

V.

(math)
granth

mud

rd V.
chrd

mrit

B.s.

kunth c.
gunth S.+

9vit

mad

lunth (luth
tad V.+
lad c.

cyut s.c.
jyut B. +
dyut V.+

syad (sy and

rad V B.
mrad (mrd
vrad V.

drad

rt v.B.

vad

c.

c.

id

ksvid
id

E.

V.

nid
pid V. +
krid V. +
vrid E. +
vid v.B.s.
hid V. +

chud
vrud
lud

krt

V.

ert

v.B.s.

nrt
prt

V.

vrt V.+
cint

B.

art (rt)

b.

mand

e.

V.

b.

+
+

qlath

c.
c.

B.+
V.

grath V. +
prath V. +
9rath v.+
klath b.

V.+

mred

V.

da)

V.

V.+
+

V.

vyath
krath

B.s.

pan
phan

V.

math

B.

hind
jhan

krt

c.

krud
red

c.

V.

mrd

V.

qnath v.
path B.s.

s.

kud

V.

9 cut

c.

kvath B.+
nath v. +
mith V.+
kuth c.

V.

B.

V.

tand

V.

nand v. +
spand V.+
bhand v.

mand

v.ji.

had c.
khad v,+
yad v.

vmd

hrad b. +
hlad B.+
svad (svad)
khid V. +

V.

mid (med)
klid s.+

vid V. +
2 vid V. +
ksvid B.C.
svid V.+
1

ud

V.+

V.

vidh V. +
vidh
(vyadh)
sidh

V.

2 sidh V.+

V.+

syand v. +
krand v. +
kland v.

bhid

svad V. +
1 qad V.
2 q&d v.B.s.
ksad v.B.
sad V. +

chid V.+
nid (nind)

sridh

mlit (mritl

E.

mrd

dad
nad
pad

heth
anth

vrudh V.
sadh V. +

dudh V.
budh V.+
ned B.
yudh V. +
med V. +
rudh V.
v.
2
skand +
rudh V. +,
cand(9candl krudh V. +
9cand v.
9udh V.+
chand v. +
ksudh V. +
trd

(chandl

cit V.

V.

radii V.+

idli V.+

V.

rud V.
ksud V. +
sud V.+

(grath)

(jat V.

c.

V.

nud

ad V.+
kad E.
khad n.
gad s. +
1 chad V.+
2 chad

v.B.

vest (vist)

tud

manth

vist

khud V.I1..S.
cud V.+

E.

245

vand
nind

V.+
v.

(ud)

pibd v.B.
ard (rd)
gard B.
nard b.+
pard c.

kurd E. +
gurd B.
gadh V.
dadh (1 dha)
badh (vadh)
vyadh v. +
radh v. +
vadh V.+
sadh (sadh)

nadh
badh

(nath)
V.

rdh V.+
grdh V. +
sprdh V. +

mrdh

v.n.s.

vrdh V. +
9rdh V. +
edh V.+

bandh

v.

randh radii
indh idh)
vindh V.
9undh 9udh
gurdh v.
spurdh
(

(sprdh)

an V.+

kan V.
khan v.
can V.
jan V.
tan V.+
tan V.
Stan V. +
1

dan V.
dhan v.
pan v.B.
bhan v.

Index of Roots.

246

man

v.+

vep

kamp

van V. +
dhvan v.+

raph

svan V.+
ksan V. +
san v.B.s.

guph

han

gulph
dam.b

V.+

in(2i)

ven

v.B.

jap
tap

]i.+

rap

v.B.

V.

trap

E.

umbh (ubh) ghar (ghr)

9umbh
car V. +

(vip)

ran v.u.
ran c.
vran c.
qran s.+
1

limp

B.+

culump
jalp

sumbh

c.

(subh)

B.

riph

jrmbh

V.

galbh

V.

gumph

gam
cam

(guph)
s.

c.

ramb v.
lamb B. +
cumb E. +

stabh
(stambh)

9ap V. +
ksap V. +

dabh
nabh
yabh

v.B.

V.

rip

V.

lip

V.

vip

V.

v.B.

v.

dip

V.

V.

gup
cup

V.

E.+

tup

yup

v.B.s.

rup

v.B.

mlup

Cinluc)

ksup E.
krp v.B.
trp

drp

V.

V.

+
+

srp V. +
kip V.+

v.

dambh
(dabh)

gir (2 gr)
tir (tr)

hel (hid)

ir V. +

khall

gur V. +
cur E. +
chur E.+

veil

jur

klav

V.+

dam B.+
dham v. +
nam v. +
yam v. +
ram v. +
kram v. +
dram
bhram b.+
9ram v. +

V.+

tim E.+
stim E.+
9im (1 9am)
ay (i)

har

v.B.

V.

kir

tvir

(2

kr

(1 jr)
(

tr)

cal

V.

tal

c.

dal

E.

+
+

V.B.
B.

lal

day V. +
vyay c.

pay

(rabh)

piy

2 rambh c.
grambh s. +

puy

B.

v.B.
B.s.

irsy B.+

B.

c.

E.

V.

dhav
tav

V.
c.

V.

E.

val
jval

sriv
siv

tay

(2 ei)

av

E.

miir(miirch) 1 div V. +
kal B.+
2 div B.+
skhal B. +
miv v.B.s.
gal B.+
9riv (sriv)

cay

cay

lul

dhur (dhvr) 1 dhav V. +

sphur (sphr) 2 dhav V. +
bhur V.
div
hur (hvr)
jiv V. +
pur (1 pr)
sthiv V.+

phal E. +
2 phal E. +
sphal B.C.
bal B.
bhal B.C.

rambh

v.B.s.

SUl

stambh

dul c.
sphul (sphr)
bul c.

E.

kul S.+
khel E. +
ksvel E. +

9am v.B.s.
2 9am V.+
3 9am S.+
ksam V. +
bham v.b.

lup V.+

tul

2 har, hir

vam

skambh v. +
jambh v.

dvar

ar

c.

rebh (ribh)

til B.

dam

9ubh V. +
ksubh V.+
subh B.
drbh B. +

V.

tsar

V.

stubh V. +
lubh V. +

mil B.+
mil V.+

B.

V.

ksip V.+

jvar
tvar

B.

labh
ribh

gil (2 gr)

svar V.+
ksar V. +

lam c.
klam E.+

V.

B.

V.+

phar V.
sphar (sphr)

rabh v. +
grabh v.b.s.

ubh

c.

ksal
il

c.

V.

it.

v.b.s.

9ip

kup

9al

9cam V.
jam E.
tam

skabh
(skambh)
gabh (gah)

vap v.u.s.
svap V.+

sap

v.
c.

am v.B.
kam V.+

c.

jabli(jambh)

jhar

(9ubh)

(lip)

lap V.+
1 vap V.+

ap

c.

B.

dval c.
hval B.+

v.B.

V.

dev

(2

sev

V.

ranv

div)

+
v.b.

dhanv

v.b.

inv (2 i)
jinv v.B.s.

dhinv (dhi)
pinv v.B.s.
carv s.+
bharv v.
jurv

V.

++

) )

++

Index of Roots.
turv v.R.
thurv B.

bhas

K.

las

dhurv

bhas

v.ii.

E.

+
+

B.

a(j V.

aq

2 is V.+

V.

(danQ)
na9 V. +

datj
1

2 nacj v.B.
1

pa9
pa9

V.+

is V. +

pis

+
mis V.+
V.

ris V.+

9ris

9lis)

clis V. +

spa9 (pa9)

vis

V.

ra9

tvis

bhra9
(bhran9)
va9 V. +

dvis V.+

9a9

c.

is v.B.

kag

V.

da9
va9

v.B.

V.

di9

V.

pi9

V.

v.c.

9is

V.

2 9is (9as)

bhis (hhi)

us
us

V.

vas)

(1

kuS B.C.
ghus V. +

vrs V.+
hrs V. +
es

247

tas tans
(

(is)

yes(ya8)
bhres v.b.
hres E.+
hes V. +
1 aks v.E.
2 aks v.B.s.
caks V.+
1 jaks V. +
2 jaks V.B.
taks V, +

das V. +
nas V.
bhas V. +
yas V.+

bhyas

v.

I!.

vah

tras

V.

sah

V.

gah
vah

V.

sras (srans

hras

,s.+

las

E.

vas
vas
vas

V.

mih

V.

rih

9as

V.

guh
duh

sas

V.

muh

laks

has

2
3

(dhvans)
9vas V. +

ih B.+

vaks

tvaks V.
saks (sah)
niks V.
bhiks V. +

kas c.
eakas e. +
das (das
bhas V.+

miks

ras

ras (ra)

9as

9as (9as)

mus

19 V.

tu9 V.
ru9 (rus)

kru9 V.+
F

B.

kr9 V.+
dr9 V. +

V.

rus V. +
prus v.B.
9rus V.
plus E. +
1 9US V. +
2 9US (9vas)
eiis

c.

bhiis

V.

asiv.+

V.

v.B.s.

9iks (9ak)
iks V.+

diks

V.

E.

V.

m.oks (muc)

srahs

nir9 V.+

rs

kanks

dhvans

an9

krs V.+
ghrs +

a9)

dari9 v.+

.s.

nan9 (2 na9) trs V.+

bhran9 v. +
dhrs V. +
rap9 V.
kas V.+

);.

surks
1

as

V.

as

V.

Prs tpr9

mrs

jas V.+

B.s.

kas V.+
ghas V. +

V.

uks V.+
has V.
2 uks (vaks) pis B.
dhuks E.+
tans v.B.
V.+
mrks
dans V.

rus E.+

(]

spr9 V.+

v.B.s.

V.B.8.

lih

B.+

v.

V.

dhvas

V.

(..

dih V. +
snih V. +

vi9

V.+

V.

V.

K.

V.

B.

.S.+

V.

tus

kli9

rail

grah grabh)

gras

jus

dus V.+
pus V.+

yah

daks v.B.
naks v.B.
bhaks v. +
yaks v.E.
my aks v.
raks V.+
kraks v.
B.

V.

mah (manh)

glah

nii9 (miks)

Ii9 B.s.

V.

ras

ri9

v.B.

dah
nah

)t.

V.
V.

V.

ruh V.+
druh V. +
uh V.+
1

uh

trh

V.+

v.jt.

strh

s.

drh V.+
sprh V. +
brh V. +
2 brh (vTh
vrh V. +
1

jeh

V.

anh
banh

v.+

manh

v.

v.+

ranh

v.n.s.

driili

(drh)

9ans V.
nins V.
hins V.+
bharts v. +
ah V.+
jah (ha)

bmh (vrnh)
vrnh

E.

arh V.
garh V. +
valh
+
II.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Of the following emendanda, some

some

are corrections of discovered oversights,

are the results of continued collection

from the last-issued portion

(to

end of

Bohtlingk's minor dictionary.

1) of

few obvious misprints are passed unnoticed.

rial

The modifications and new mate-

here given are included in the Indexes.

p. 1,

}/

ac,

2,

1.

2,

}/ aj,

1.

read ancati

av.k.

etc.

2,

read aeyate
read
add atatya
y at

2,

bottom

c.

and a large part are gleanings

etc. v.b.

etc. v.b.

1.

to deriv.

add

anth,

c.

'visit'

anthati

pres.

c.

verb,

anthita

(Bo.)
-

4,

5,

6,

apayitr
-

7,
9,

9,

- 14,

- 16,
- 20,
-

26,

- 34,

- 38,
- 40,

deriv.

are,

1.

etc. v.b.s.
1.

1.

i,

]/

is

etc. b.

1.

col.

read

to deriv.

c.

c.

[2.]

1.

etc. u.e.

1.

47,

1.

47,

to deriv.

c.

b.s..

1.

etc.

for

1.

- 56,

12.

vs. (xl.

1.

1.

- 55,

1.

1.

1.

- 46,

50,

api;

c.

]/ 1*9,

1.

- 54,

c.

to deriv.

}/

r,

to deriv.

add grahayitavya

- 50,

aa.

6 read iyat
+
add -apin

add -esisisu
2 is
add -esitr

8
read
rtva av.b.u.
y
perhaps arQat
4) belongs here.

add
ku,
kauti
y
y krudh, 8 read krudhmi rv.
+
y ksip, 2 read ciksepa
add -jigamisa
|/gam, 4 add jagmyatam rv.

add
aa.
and
grnadhyai
6
read
-glrya
gr,
y

read agrabhisata;
agrabhista
y grabh, 10
}/

- 45,

u.e.").

1.

u.c.

- 29,

7 read (areyate
read aQita
apyasam
y ap, 3 read

to

c.

read -camya +
5 read ealayati s.+
4 read ceya
b.

s.e.

5, col.

y eit, 7 add acite rv.

y chand, 1 dele ms. (Bo.)
y chut to deriv. add ehotana c.
add jujusan rv.
y jus, 2
y I jr, 2 read -te etc. b. + to deriv. add -jarisnu c.
14, col. 3 read jnapana av.b.
y jna, 1 1 add jnipsyate c.
1.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.

Additions and Corrections.

p. 56,

}/

jya,

1.

read jiyate.
add -titansu
16 read tanitr
read tapaka

60,

}/

tan,

1.

61,

]/

tap,

last

63,

tuj,

c.

63,

65,

1.

70,

y dabh,

72,

1.

IT, col. 3

82,

84,

y
y

dha,
dhu,

87,

88,

91,

92,

94.

patuka

B.

94,

95,

95,

96,

99,

101,

101,

102,

piprksu
-

s.

read dhiraahe
read dhutva b.u.

v.h.

16

1.

read dhurti ev. ms.

nam, 10 read namayati
-te
8 read -tavai
-tos
read nedati.
y ned,
pat,
4 read patayalu av.c.
etc. v. +,

1.

add adhitsisam a a.

1.

c.

u.s.

n..

1.

14,

1.

col.

1.

16, col. 3

read

read Aor. apadi

3 read paduka

now quotable
pard
pardate
y

2
read -tavai
now quotable
pu,
S pupusati
y

read
v.aa.
4
praksa?
y pre,

dele apyasam aa.

y pya,

add praq av. (see J.A.O.S.,

prach
y
y

1.

pad,

1.

cb. (3s. pass, ?),

apadmahi

etc.

b.c.

6, col.

(Bo.).

c'. is

k.s.

1,

(Bo.).

c'. is

1.

10, col.

1.

1.

4.

to deriv.

103,

add prinayitr
5 read -plutya u.s.+
y
y badh, 8 read bibadhisate

1.

plu,

vol. xiii., p. xlii.),

c.

1.

cb.c.

1.

-,

c.

107,

bru,

y bhaks,

y
y 2 bhuj,
y mad

112,

- 118,
-

119,

125,

125,

126,

129,

135,

- 137,

- 140,
- 140,
- 141,

141,

bhiks,

add bravithas -ita

5 read bibhaksayisati
u.

1.

- Ill,

adil

- 107,

v.

c.

103,

- 106,

ayitr

s.e.c.

read

1.

1.

v.c.

tura

dambhisak
read dada k.+

1.

read tuj

read -tud

tud, 1.8
19, col.

c.

c.

1.

1.

y
y

1.

249

1.
1.
1.

5
9

read

bhiksitva

read bhuktva

to deriv.

k.

mandayitr

add

9 add m.ananiya
read mrkta rv.aa.
y mrc,
read mrstva
11
mrj,
y

add -mrdya
y mrd

dele
ayaksata
6
yaj,
y

ratati.
read
rat.
y
read remus
+
y ram,

read
-ati
riph,
y
add rebhin
y ribh
read resa
add rehana
rih,
y

c.

c.

1.

1.

av.s.

1.

to deriv.

1.

c.

7.

1.

1.

1.

etc. b.

av.b.s.

to deriv.

1.

s.

u.c.

3, col. 2
1.

c.

b.c.

s.

(Zs.) ags.

to deriv.

add

badh-

Additions and Correctioxs.

250
p. 141,
-

142,

142,

143,

143,

144,

145,

145,

145,

14G,

147,

148,

148,

148,

149,

150,

150,

add ravan
read ruce
add ruei
add rurudisa
rud
add rurutsu
y rudh

add
rosin
rus
y

add runsita
rus,
1.2 read linga CB.r.+
add y lad 'move
ladati
y
4 read lapana e.+
y lap,

add lalin
lal
y
add likhitr
y likh
2 read lepaka c, and add lipti
add leham
y
6 add letum c. and
-laya

read lopam
y lup,
add lubhita
y lubh,
read lolati -te
y
add lavitavya
4 add lutva
y
|/ 1

1.

to deriv.

lih,

lul,

159,

163,

166,

185,

187,

189,

190,

193,

194,

200,

207,

lu,

read

s.

etc.

1.

s.

1.

loC;

6, col.

1.

vac,

to deriv.

read locaka

c.

12, col. 2

1.

b.

to deriv.

vij,

c.

(at

1.

to deriv.

vli,

1.

Qis,

1,

11, col.

s.

1.

1.

rv.

6, col. 3

e.

1.

1,

c.

cb.s.

1.

srj,

v. b.s.

1.

7, col. 1

(Is.),

1.

1.

1.

1.

c.

c.

add -vace rv.

1.

b.s.

s.c.

add -vivadisu
read vasya +
y vas,

add vijitavya
y

add
end) v.+
vrj,
y
add -vyathin
y vyath

read
y
4 read cjansitr b.+
y gans,
read 9inasti.
y
y 9ri, 4 add 9ritva
read sedire
y sad;
read sodhr +
read sunute.
y su,
read asarji
4
y
read srjya b.+
read stuse
and add in
4
stu,
y

dele
y stha,
4 read sravayitavya
y sru,

4
read johiatra rv.aa.
1.

(Bo.)

s.

1.

1.

c'.

c.

1.

1.

156,

pres.

c.

}/ 1 li,

1.

c.

1.

153,

183,

about'

to deriv.

179,

c.

c.

10, col.

1.

c.

c.

lajj

y
y

ms.

1.

after

151,

173,

to deriv.

1.

v.

to deriv.

}/

151,

168,

b.

to deric.

150,

169,

to deriv.

}/

ru

9, col.

12, col.

1.

12

5.

ms.s.

stuse

rv.

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